Kodi pali mitundu ingati ya cellulose?

1. Cellulose ether

Zomangamanga kalasi mapadi ether ndi mawu wamba kwa mndandanda wa mankhwala opangidwa ndi zimene alkali mapadi ndi etherifying wothandizira pa zinthu zina. Ma cellulose a alkali amasinthidwa ndi ma etherifying othandizira kuti apeze ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi ma ionization olowa m'malo, ma cellulose ether amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi non-ionic (monga methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa zolowa m'malo, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa kukhala mono-ether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ether yosakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Malingana ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, kumatha kugawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent-soluble (monga ethyl cellulose), etc. ogaŵikana mtundu nthawi yomweyo ndi padziko ankachitira anachedwa Kusungunuka mtundu.

Limagwirira ntchito ya cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:

1. Pambuyo pa ether ya cellulose mumatope imasungunuka m'madzi, kugawa kogwira mtima ndi kofanana kwa zinthu za simenti mu dongosolo kumatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha ntchito yapamtunda. Monga colloid yoteteza, cellulose ether "imakulunga" tinthu tating'ono tolimba ndikumasindikiza kunja. Pangani filimu yothira mafuta, pangani matope kuti azikhala okhazikika, komanso akonzenso madzi a matope panthawi yosakaniza ndi kusalala kwa zomangamanga.
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a mamolekyu, njira ya cellulose ether imapangitsa kuti madzi a mumatope asakhale osavuta kutaya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawamasula kwa nthawi yaitali, ndikupangitsa kuti matope azikhala ndi madzi abwino osungira komanso ogwira ntchito.

2. Methyl cellulose

Methylcellulose (MC) chilinganizo cha maselo [C6H7O2(OH)3-h(OCH3) n]x.

Thonje woyengedwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alkali, cellulose ether imapangidwa kudzera muzochita zingapo ndi methane chloride ngati etherification agent. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo kusungunuka kwake kumasiyananso ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowa m'malo. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.

1. Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 3 ~ 12. Iwo ali ngakhale bwino ndi wowuma, guar chingamu, etc. ndi surfactants ambiri. Pamene kutentha kufika kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
2. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala, kukongola kwa tinthu ndi kusungunuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, fineness ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mamasukidwe ake ndiakuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kumakhala kwakukulu. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, ndipo msinkhu wa viscosity suli wofanana mwachindunji ndi mlingo wa kusunga madzi. The Kusungunuka mlingo makamaka zimadalira mlingo wa padziko kusinthidwa kwa mapadi particles ndi tinthu fineness. Pakati pa ma cellulose ethers omwe ali pamwambawa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ali ndi milingo yayikulu yosungira madzi.
3. Kusintha kwa kutentha kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kusungidwa kwa madzi a methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusungirako madzi kwa methyl cellulose kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga matope.
4. Methylcellulose amakhudza kwambiri workability ndi adhesion wa matope. “Kumatira” pano kukutanthauza mphamvu yomatira yomwe imamveka pakati pa chida cha wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gawo lapansi la khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope. Kumamatira kumakhala kwakukulu, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe ogwira ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ntchito yomanga matope ndi yosauka. Methyl cellulose adhesion ali pamlingo wocheperako muzinthu za cellulose ether.

3.Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose

Maselo a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ndi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3) m, OCH2CH(OH)CH3] n]x

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cellulose yomwe kutulutsa kwake komanso kumwa kwake kukuchulukirachulukira. Ndi cellulose yopanda ionic yosakaniza ether yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje woyengedwa pambuyo pa alkalization, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride monga etherification agent, kupyolera muzotsatira zingapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa methoxyl ndi hydroxypropyl.

1. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, koma imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumakhalanso bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
2. Kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumayenderana ndi kulemera kwake kwa maselo, ndipo kukula kwake kwa maselo kumapangitsa kukhuthala kwamphamvu. Kutentha kumakhudzanso kukhuthala kwake, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kumachepa. Komabe, kukhuthala kwake kwakukulu kumakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa methyl cellulose. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika likasungidwa kutentha.
3. Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala kwake, ndi zina zambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amasungidwa pamlingo womwewo ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
4. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku asidi ndi alkali, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 2 ~ 12. Madzi a caustic ndi laimu sakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wamba, koma pamene mchere wa mchere uli wambiri, kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution kumawonjezeka.
5. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imatha kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala osungunuka a polima osungunuka m'madzi kuti apange njira yofananira komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Monga polyvinyl mowa, wowuma ether, masamba chingamu, etc.
6. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa enzyme kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo yankho lake silingawonongeke ndi michere kuposa methylcellulose.
7. Kumamatira kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose pakumanga matope ndikokwera kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.

4.Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)

Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa lopangidwa ndi alkali, ndipo amachita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherification agent pamaso pa acetone. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.

1. Hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma ndizovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Yankho lake ndi khola pa kutentha popanda gelling. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu mumatope, koma kusungirako madzi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi methyl cellulose.
2. Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ndi okhazikika ku asidi wamba ndi zamchere, ndipo zamchere zimatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake pang'ono. Kuwonongeka kwake m'madzi kumakhala koyipa pang'ono kuposa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
3. Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ali ndi anti-sag ntchito yabwino pamatope, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera simenti.
4. Kachitidwe ka cellulose ya hydroxyethyl yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi apakhomo mwachiwonekere ndiyotsika kuposa ya methyl cellulose chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso phulusa lalitali.

5.Carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)[C6H7O2(OH)2OCH2COONA] n

Ionic cellulose ether imapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium mono-chloroacetate monga etherification agent, ndikulandira chithandizo chamankhwala angapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa m'malo.

1. Carboxymethyl cellulose imakhala ndi hygroscopic, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa nthawi zambiri.
2. Carboxymethyl cellulose amadzimadzi njira sapanga gel osakaniza, ndipo mamasukidwe akayendedwe amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Kutentha kupitilira 50 ° C, kukhuthala kwake sikungasinthe.
3. Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti. Zikakhala zamchere kwambiri, zimataya kukhuthala.
4. Kusungidwa kwa madzi ake ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa methyl cellulose. Imalepheretsa matope a gypsum ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu zake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.