Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matope ngati zomangira zomangira kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito achitetezo chakunja kwa khoma, kuchepetsa kutentha kwamkati, ndikupewa kutentha kosafanana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito, motero kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba. Komanso, mtengo wa nkhaniyi ndi wochepa kwambiri, womwe umasunga mtengo wa polojekitiyi, ndipo uli ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kukana chinyezi.
A. Kusankha zinthu zopangira ndi ntchito
1. Vitrified microbead lightweight aggregate
Chofunikira kwambiri mumatope ndi ma vitrified microbeads, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga matenthedwe pomanga nyumba zamakono ndipo amakhala ndi zida zabwino zotchinjiriza. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zamagalasi acidic kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa matope, kugawidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhala kosasintha kwambiri, ngati dzenje lomwe lili ndi mabowo ambiri. Komabe, panthawi yomanga, maonekedwe a zinthuzi amakhala osalala kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi chisindikizo chabwino pakhoma. Zinthuzo ndi zopepuka kwambiri, zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala.
Nthawi zambiri, matenthedwe madutsidwe a microbeads vitrified ndi mbali yodziwika, makamaka matenthedwe madutsidwe pamwamba ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi kukana kutentha ndi mkulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakugwiritsa ntchito ma microbeads a vitrified, ogwira ntchito yomanga ayenera kuyang'anira mtunda ndi dera pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuzindikira momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito komanso ntchito yotchinjiriza yamafuta.
B. pulasitala wa mankhwala
Chemical gypsum ndi gawo lina lofunikira la matope. Ikhozanso kutchedwa gypsum ya mafakitale. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi zotsalira za calcium sulfate, kotero kupanga kwake kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndikupulumutsa mphamvu.
Ndi chitukuko cha chuma, mafakitale ambiri amataya zinyalala za mafakitale ndi zowononga tsiku lililonse, monga gypsum desulfurized monga phosphogypsum. Zinyalalazi zikangolowa mumlengalenga, zimawononga mpweya komanso zimakhudza thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala a gypsum amatha kunenedwa kuti ndi gwero lamphamvu zowonjezera, komanso amazindikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za kuipitsa, phosphogypsum ndi chinthu choipitsa kwambiri. Ngati fakitale situlutsa phosphogypsum kamodzi, idzawononga kwambiri chilengedwe. Komabe, chinthu ichi chikhoza kukhala gwero lalikulu la mankhwala a gypsum. Chinthu. Kupyolera mu kuwunika ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi kwa phosphogypsum, ofufuza adamaliza njira yosinthira zinyalala kukhala chuma ndikupanga gypsum yamankhwala.
Desulfurization gypsum angatchedwe flue mpweya desulfurization gypsum, amene ndi mafakitale mankhwala opangidwa kudzera desulfurization ndi kuyeretsedwa mankhwala, ndipo zikuchokera ndi chimodzimodzi monga gypsum zachilengedwe. Madzi aulere a gypsum ya desulfurized nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kwambiri, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa achilengedwe a gypsum, ndipo kugwirizana kwake kumakhala kolimba. Mavuto ambiri amathanso kuchitika panthawi yonse yopanga. Choncho, kupanga kupanga gypsum sikungakhale kofanana ndi gypsum yachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kutengera njira yapadera yowumitsa kuti muchepetse chinyezi chake. Amapangidwa poyang'ana ndi calcining pa kutentha kwina. Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ingakwaniritsire miyezo ya certification ya dziko ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakumanga kwa kutentha kwa kutentha.
C. Kusakaniza
Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala gypsum kutchinjiriza matope ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba mankhwala gypsum monga mfundo yaikulu. Vitrified microbeads nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi opepuka aggregate. Ofufuza asintha malo ake pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ntchito yomanga.
Pokonzekera matenthedwe kutchinjiriza matope, ogwira ntchito yomanga ayenera kulabadira makhalidwe a zomangamanga mankhwala gypsum, monga mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndi kusankha admixtures mwasayansi ndi rationally.
1. Composite retarder
Malinga ndi zofunikira zomanga zinthu za gypsum, nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha ntchito yake, ndipo muyeso waukulu wotalikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuwonjezera retarder. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi gypsum retarders zimaphatikizapo alkaline phosphate, citrate, tartrate, etc. The retarder ntchito mankhwala gypsum matenthedwe kutchinjiriza matope ndi gulu retarder, amene angathe kuchepetsa solubility wa hemihydrate gypsum, m'mbuyo liwiro la crystallization majeremusi mapangidwe, ndi kuchepetsa ndondomeko crystallization. Kuchedwetsa kwake kumawonekera popanda kutaya mphamvu.
2. Madzi posungira thickener
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya matope, kusungirako madzi, kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi kukana kwa sag, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether. Kugwiritsa ntchito methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether kumatha kugwira bwino ntchito yosunga madzi ndikuwonjezera, makamaka pakumanga kwachilimwe.
3. Redispersible latex ufa
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano, kusinthasintha ndi kumamatira kwa matope ku gawo lapansi, redispersible latex ufa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosakaniza. Redispersible latex ufa ndi powdery thermoplastic utomoni wopezedwa ndi kutsitsi kuyanika ndi kukonzedwa wotsatira wa mkulu maselo polima emulsion. Polima mu matope osakaniza ndi gawo lopitirira, lomwe lingathe kulepheretsa kapena kuchedwetsa kubadwa ndi kukula kwa ming'alu. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yomangirira ya matope imatheka ndi mfundo ya kutsekeka kwa makina, ndiko kuti, imakhazikika pang'onopang'ono m'mipata ya zinthu zoyambira; kugwirizana kwa ma polima kumadalira kwambiri kutengeka ndi kufalikira kwa macromolecules pamtunda womangirira, ndipo methyl The hydroxyethyl cellulose ether imagwira ntchito limodzi kuti ilowetse pamwamba pa wosanjikiza wapansi, kupanga pamwamba pa zinthu zoyambira ndi pamwamba pa matope. kuyandikira pakuchita bwino, potero kuwongolera kutsatsa pakati pawo ndikuwongolera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.
4. Lignin CHIKWANGWANI
Ulusi wa Lignocellulosic ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimamwa madzi koma osasungunuka mmenemo. Ntchito yake yagona mu kusinthasintha kwake ndi mawonekedwe a maukonde atatu-dimensional omwe amapangidwa pambuyo pa kusakaniza ndi zipangizo zina, zomwe zingathe kufooketsa kuyanika kwa matope panthawi ya kuyanika kwa matope, potero kumapangitsa kuti matope awonongeke. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apakati atatu amatha kutseka madzi nthawi 2-6 kulemera kwake pakati, omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi; panthawi imodzimodziyo, ili ndi thixotropy wabwino, ndipo mawonekedwewo adzasintha pamene mphamvu zakunja zikugwiritsidwa ntchito (monga kukanda ndi kugwedeza). Ndipo kukonzedwa motsatira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, madzi amamasulidwa, kukhuthala kumachepa, kugwira ntchito kumakhala bwino, ndipo ntchito yomanga imatha kuwongolera. Mayesero awonetsa kuti utali waufupi ndi wapakatikati wa ulusi wa lignin ndi woyenera.
5. Wodzaza
Kugwiritsa ntchito heavy calcium carbonate (heavy calcium) kungasinthe kugwira ntchito kwa matope ndikuchepetsa mtengo wake.
6. Kukonzekera chiŵerengero
Zomangamanga gypsum mankhwala: 80% kuti 86%;
Kuphatikiza kwa retarder: 0.2% mpaka 5%;
Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether: 0,2% mpaka 0.5%;
Redispersible latex ufa: 2% mpaka 6%;
Lignin fiber: 0.3% mpaka 0.5%;
Kashiamu wolemera: 11% mpaka 13.6%;
Chiŵerengero cha matope osakaniza ndi mphira: mikanda ya vitrified = 2: 1 ~ 1.1.
7. Njira yomanga
1) Yeretsani khoma loyambira.
2) Nyowetsani khoma.
3) Yendetsani mizere yowongoka, masikweya, ndi zotanuka pulasitala makulidwe.
4) Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe othandizira.
5) Pangani makeke otuwa ndi ma tendon wamba.
6) Ikani mankhwala a gypsum vitrified bead kutchinjiriza matope.
7) Kuvomereza kwa kutentha kwa kutentha.
8) Ikani matope a gypsum odana ndi kung'amba, ndikusindikizanso nsalu za magalasi osamva alkali, nthawi yomweyo.
9) Pambuyo kuvomereza, pulasitala pamwamba wosanjikiza ndi pulasitala.
10) Kupera ndi kalendala.
11) Kuvomereza.
8. Mapeto
Mwachidule, matope otsekera matenthedwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zotchinjiriza pakupanga zomangamanga. Ili ndi kutsekemera kwabwino kwa kutentha komanso kutentha kwamafuta, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira uinjiniya womanga ndikuzindikira kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe muukadaulo womanga.
Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha anthu, posachedwapa, ofufuza m'dziko lathu adzakhala ndi zipangizo zotetezera bwino komanso zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2023