Ma cellulose ethers ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima osungunuka m'madzi omwe amachokera ku cellulose, polima yachilengedwe yomwe imapezeka m'makoma a cellulose. Ma ether awa ali ndi zinthu zapadera monga kukhuthala, kukhazikika, kupanga mafilimu, ndi kusunga madzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi zomangamanga. Pakati pa ma cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ndizinthu ziwiri zofunika, iliyonse ili ndi katundu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
1. Chiyambi cha ma cellulose ethers
A. Mapangidwe a Ma cellulose ndi Zotengera
Chidule cha cellulose:
Ma cellulose ndi mzere wa polima wopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a shuga olumikizidwa ndi β-1,4-glycosidic bond.
Zili ndi makoma a cell cell ndipo zimapereka chithandizo chokhazikika komanso kusasunthika kwa minyewa yazomera.
Zotengera za cellulose ether:
Ma cellulose ethers amachokera ku cellulose kudzera mukusintha kwamankhwala.
Ma ether amayambitsidwa kuti awonjezere kusungunuka ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito.
2. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
A. Kapangidwe ndi kaphatikizidwe
Kapangidwe ka Chemical:
HEC imapezeka ndi etherification ya cellulose ndi ethylene oxide.
Magulu a Hydroxyethyl m'malo mwa magulu a hydroxyl mumapangidwe a cellulose.
Digiri ya kusintha (DS):
DS imatanthauza kuchuluka kwa magulu a hydroxyethyl pa unit ya anhydroglucose.
Zimakhudza solubility, viscosity ndi katundu wina wa HEC.
B. Chilengedwe
Kusungunuka:
HEC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso otentha, kupereka kusinthasintha kwa ntchito.
Viscosity:
Monga rheology modifier, zimakhudza makulidwe ndi kutuluka kwa yankho.
Zimasiyanasiyana ndi DS, kuganizira komanso kutentha.
Kapangidwe kakanema:
Amapanga filimu yowonekera bwino yomatira bwino.
C. Kugwiritsa ntchito
mankhwala:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukhuthala ndi kukhazikika kwa madontho a maso.
Paints ndi Zopaka:
Imawonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndipo imapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri zokhuthala.
Limbikitsani kumamatira kwa utoto ndi kukhazikika.
Zosamalira munthu:
Amapezeka mu ma shampoos, creams ndi mafuta odzola monga thickener ndi stabilizer.
Amapereka mawonekedwe osalala ku zodzoladzola.
3. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
A. Kapangidwe ndi kaphatikizidwe
Kapangidwe ka Chemical:
HPMC imapangidwa posintha magulu a hydroxyl ndi magulu a methoxy ndi hydroxypropyl.
Etherification imachitika pochita ndi propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride.
Methoxy ndi hydroxypropyl m'malo:
Gulu la methoxy limathandizira kusungunuka, pomwe gulu la hydroxypropyl limakhudza kukhuthala.
B. Chilengedwe
Thermal gelation:
Kuwonetsa zosinthika matenthedwe gelation, kupanga gel osakaniza pa kutentha kwambiri.
Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ankalamulira kumasulidwa mankhwala kukonzekera.
Kusunga madzi:
Mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ntchito zomanga.
Zochitika Pamwamba:
Imawonetsa zinthu ngati surfactant kuti zithandizire kukhazikika kwa emulsion.
C. Kugwiritsa ntchito
Makampani omanga:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungira madzi mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti.
Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kumamatira kwa zomatira za matailosi.
mankhwala:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'kamwa ndi apakhungu mankhwala kukonzekera.
Amathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala oyendetsedwa bwino chifukwa cha luso lake lopanga gel.
makampani azakudya:
Amagwira ntchito ngati thickener ndi stabilizer mu zakudya.
Amapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kumveka kwapakamwa pazinthu zina.
4. Kuyerekeza kusanthula
A. Kusiyana kwa kaphatikizidwe
HEC ndi HPMC kaphatikizidwe:
HEC imapangidwa ndikuchita cellulose ndi ethylene oxide.
Kaphatikizidwe ka HPMC kumaphatikizapo kulowetsa kawiri magulu a methoxy ndi hydroxypropyl.
B. Kusiyana kwa machitidwe
Kusungunuka ndi Viscosity:
HEC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndi otentha, pamene kusungunuka kwa HPMC kumakhudzidwa ndi gulu la methoxy.
HEC nthawi zambiri imawonetsa kukhuthala kochepa poyerekeza ndi HPMC.
Makhalidwe a Gel:
Mosiyana ndi HPMC, yomwe imapanga ma gels osinthika, HEC sichidutsa matenthedwe.
C. Kusiyana kwa ntchito
Kusunga madzi:
HPMC imakondedwa pa ntchito yomanga chifukwa cha malo ake osungira madzi.
Luso lopanga filimu:
HEC imapanga mafilimu omveka bwino omwe amamatira bwino, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito zina zomwe kupanga mafilimu ndizofunikira.
5 Mapeto
Mwachidule, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ndizofunikira ma cellulose ether omwe ali ndi katundu wapadera komanso ntchito. Mapangidwe awo apadera amankhwala, njira zophatikizira, ndi magwiridwe antchito zimawapangitsa kukhala osinthasintha m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa HEC ndi HPMC kungakuthandizeni kupanga chisankho choyenera posankha ether yoyenera ya cellulose kuti mugwiritse ntchito, kaya ndi mankhwala, zomangamanga, utoto kapena zinthu zosamalira munthu. Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo ndi sayansi, kufufuza kwina kungavumbulutse ntchito zambiri ndi zosinthidwa, potero kumawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma cellulose ethers m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-11-2023