A na-eme cellulose ether (CelluloseEther) site na cellulose site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ etherification na-egweri. Dị ka usoro kemịkalụ dị iche iche nke ether nọchiri anya, ethers cellulose nwere ike kewaa n'ime anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Ionic cellulose ethers na-agụnyekarị carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); na-abụghị ionic cellulose ethers tumadi na-agụnye methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl cellulose Ether (HC), wdg Na-abụghị ionic ethers na-ekewa n'ime mmiri-soluble ethers na mmanụ-soluble ethers, na ndị na-abụghị ionic ethers. -ionic mmiri-soluble ethers bụ tumadi eji na ngwa agha ngwaahịa. N'ebe ọnụnọ nke calcium ion, ionic cellulose ether adịghị eguzosi ike, n'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ nke na-eji ciment, lime slaked, wdg dị ka ihe simenti. Nonionic mmiri-soluble cellulose ethers na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi na ha nkwusioru nkwụsi ike na njide mmiri.
01. Chemical Njirimara nke cellulose ether
Eter cellulose ọ bụla nwere usoro ntọala nke cellulose - usoro anhydroglucose. N'ime usoro nke ịmepụta cellulose ether, a na-ebu ụzọ kpoo eriri cellulose na ngwọta alkaline, wee mesoo ya na onye na-emepụta ihe. A na-asachapụ ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume fibrous ma kporie ya ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ nke nwere ezigbo mma.
A na-eji propylene oxide nweta ihe mgbakwunye hydroxypropyl na mgbakwunye na methane chloride na mmepụta nke HPMC. Dị iche iche cellulose ethers nwere dị iche iche methyl na hydroxypropyl nnọchi ratios, nke na-emetụta organic ndakọrịta na thermal gelation okpomọkụ nke cellulose ether ngwọta.
N'ime usoro mmepụta nke MC, naanị methyl chloride ka a na-eji dị ka onye na-ahụ maka etherification
02. Ngwa ndapụta nke cellulose ether:
Cellulose ether bụ ihe na-abụghị ionic semi-synthetic elu molekul polymer, nke bụ mmiri-soluble na ihe mgbaze-soluble. Ọ nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihe eji arụ ụlọ kemịkalụ, ọ nwere mmetụta ndị a jikọtara ọnụ:
① Onye na-ejigide mmiri ②Ọkpụrụkpụ ③ Nhazi ihe ④ Ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihe ⑤ Ihe nkpuchi
Na ụlọ ọrụ polyvinyl chloride, ọ bụ emulsifier na onye na-ekesa; na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, ọ bụ ihe nkedo na ngwa ngwa na-achịkwa ihe ntọhapụ, wdg N'ihi na cellulose nwere mmetụta dị iche iche nke mgbagwoju anya, ngwa ya Akụ ahụ bụkwa nke kachasị ukwuu. Ihe na-esonụ na-elekwasị anya na ojiji na ọrụ nke cellulose ether dị iche iche ihe owuwu ụlọ.
(1) Na mgbidi scraping putty:
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'ọtụtụ obodo dị na mba m, putty na-egbochi mmiri na nke na-eguzogide gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi ejirila ndị mmadụ kpọrọ ihe. A na-emepụta ya site na mmeghachi omume acetal nke mmanya vinyl na formaldehyde. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpochapụ ihe a, a na-eji ngwaahịa cellulose ether eme ihe iji dochie ihe a. Nke ahụ bụ, maka mmepe nke ihe eji ewu ụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, cellulose bụ naanị ihe ugbu a.
N'ime mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, a na-ekewa ya n'ime ụdị abụọ: akọrọ ntụ ntụ na-esi ísì ụtọ. N'ime ụdị putty abụọ a, methyl cellulose gbanwere na hydroxypropyl methyl kwesịrị ịhọrọ. Nkọwapụta viscosity bụ n'ozuzu n'etiti 30000-60000cps. Ọrụ bụ isi nke cellulose na putty bụ njide mmiri, njikọta na mmanu mmanu. Ebe ọ bụ na putty usoro nke dị iche iche na-emepụta dị iche iche, ụfọdụ ndị isi awọ calcium, ìhè calcium, ọcha ciment, wdg, na ụfọdụ bụ gypsum ntụ ntụ, isi awọ calcium, ìhè calcium, wdg, otú nkọwa, viscosity na penetration nke cellulose na. usoro abụọ dịkwa iche iche. Ọnụ ego agbakwunyere bụ ihe dịka 2‰-3‰. Na-ewu mgbidi scraping putty, ebe ọ bụ na isi elu nke mgbidi nwere ụfọdụ ogo nke mmiri absorption (ọnụego mmịpụta mmiri nke brik mgbidi bụ 13%, na mmiri absorption ọnụego nke ihe bụ 3-5%). jikọtara ya na evaporation nke ụwa dị n'èzí, ma ọ bụrụ na putty na-efunahụ mmiri ngwa ngwa , Ọ ga-eduga na mgbawa ma ọ bụ wepụ ntụ ntụ, nke ga-ebelata ike nke putty. Ya mere, ịgbakwunye cellulose ether ga-edozi nsogbu a. Ma àgwà nke ndochi, karịsịa àgwà calcium ash dịkwa oke mkpa.
N'ihi nnukwu viscosity nke cellulose, a na-eme ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke putty dịkwuo mma, a na-ezerekwa ihe na-eme ka ọ dị njọ n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ, ọ na-adịkwa mma ma na-azọpụta ọrụ mgbe a kpochapụrụ ya. Ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye ether cellulose ọzọ na ntụ ntụ ntụ. Mmepụta na ojiji ya na-adaba adaba. Enwere ike ịgwakọta ihe ndochi na ihe mgbakwunye na ntụ ntụ akọrọ.
(2) Ngwa ngwa ngwa:
N'ime ngwa agha siri ike, iji nweta ike kachasị, ciment ga-abụ mmiri zuru oke. Karịsịa n'oge okpomọkụ na-ewu ụlọ, ihe mgbochi mmiri na-atụfu mmiri ngwa ngwa, a na-eji usoro nke hydration zuru ezu na-echekwa ma fesa mmiri. Akwụsị ihe onwunwe na arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, isi ihe bụ na mmiri dị naanị n'elu, na hydration dị n'ime ya ka na-ezughị ezu, ya mere, ngwọta maka nsogbu a bụ ịgbakwunye cellulose na-ejigide mmiri na mmiri mmiri, n'ozuzu họrọ hydroxypropyl methyl. ma ọ bụ methyl fiber Nkọwapụta viscosity dị n'etiti 20000-60000cps, na mgbakwunye ego bụ 2%-3%. Enwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego njide mmiri karịa 85%. Usoro eji eme ihe na ngwa ngwa bụ ijikọta ntụ ntụ akọrọ nke ọma ma tinye ya na mmiri.
(3) Na plasta gypsum, gypsum jikọtara ya na gypsum caulking:
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, ọchịchọ ndị mmadụ na-achọ ihe ụlọ ọhụrụ na-abawanye. N'ihi mmụba nke ndị mmadụ na-amata na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ngwaahịa gypsum cimentity etolitela ngwa ngwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaahịa gypsum a na-ahụkarị bụ plasta gypsum, gypsum bonded, gypsum inlaid, na nrapado tile. Plastering gypsum bụ ihe nkedo dị elu maka mgbidi dị n'ime na ụlọ elu. N'elu mgbidi e ji plasta na ya dị mma ma dị nro. Ụdị ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọkụ na-ekpuchi ọkụ bụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke gypsum dị ka ihe ndabere ma na-agbakwụnye ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche. Ọ dị mma maka njikọta n'etiti ihe mgbidi ụlọ inorganic dị iche iche. Ọ naghị egbu egbu, enweghị ụtọ na ntọala ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ ihe na-akwado maka ụlọ ụlọ na ngọngọ ụlọ; gypsum caulking agent bụ ihe nkpuchi dị n'etiti mbadamba gypsum na ihe ndozi maka mgbidi na mgbawa.
Ngwaahịa gypsum ndị a nwere usoro ọrụ dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ gypsum na ihe ndị yiri ya, isi okwu bụ na ihe mgbakwunye cellulose ether agbakwunyere na-arụ ọrụ na-eduga. Ebe ọ bụ na gypsum na-ekewa n'ime gypsum anhydrous na hemihydrate gypsum, gypsum dị iche iche nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ, ya mere mgbochi, njide mmiri na retardation na-ekpebi àgwà nke ihe owuwu ụlọ gypsum. Nsogbu nkịtị nke ihe ndị a bụ oghere na mgbawa, na ike mbụ enweghị ike iru. Iji dozie nsogbu a, ọ bụ ịhọrọ ụdị cellulose na usoro eji eme ihe nke retarder. N'akụkụ a, a na-ahọrọkarị methyl ma ọ bụ hydroxypropyl methyl 30000. -60000cps, ego mgbakwunye bụ 1.5% -2%. N'ime ha, cellulose na-elekwasị anya na njide mmiri na nkwụsị mmanụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịdabere na cellulose ether dị ka onye na-azụ azụ, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịgbakwunye citric acid retarder iji jikọta ma jiri ya mee ihe na-enweghị emetụta ike mbụ.
Njide mmiri n'ozuzu na-ezo aka na mmiri ole a ga-efunahụ n'onwe ya na-enweghị mmịnye mmiri dị na mpụga. Ọ bụrụ na mgbidi ahụ dị oke nkụ, mmịnye mmiri na ikuku ikuku dị n'elu ala ga-eme ka ihe ahụ na-efunahụ mmiri ngwa ngwa, oghere na mgbawa ga-emekwa. A na-ejikọta usoro eji eme ihe na ntụ ntụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị kwadebere ngwọta, biko rụtụ aka na usoro nkwadebe nke ngwọta.
(4) Igwe mkpuchi ọkụ
Mgbochi mkpuchi bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke ihe mkpuchi mgbidi dị n'ime ime na mpaghara ugwu. Ọ bụ ihe mgbidi na-emepụta site na ihe mkpuchi, ngwa agha na ihe nkedo. N'ime ihe a, cellulose na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkọwa na ịba ụba ike. N'ozuzu, họrọ methyl cellulose na elu viscosity (banyere 10000cps), usoro onunu ogwu bụ n'ozuzu n'etiti 2 ‰-3‰), na usoro ojiji bụ akọrọ ntụ ntụ ịgwakọta.
(5) onye ọrụ interface
Họrọ HPNC 20000cps maka onye na-ahụ maka interface, họrọ 60000cps ma ọ bụ karịa maka nrapado taịlị, ma lekwasị anya na thickener na onye na-ahụ maka interface, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike ike na mgbochi akụ. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-ejigide mmiri na njikọ nke taịlị iji gbochie taịl nile ịza mmiri ngwa ngwa ma daa.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-20-2023