Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) na methyl cellulose (MC) bụ mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose abụọ a na-ejikarị n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha abụọ sitere na cellulose eke, n'ihi usoro mgbanwe kemịkalụ dị iche iche, CMC na MC nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na nhazi kemịkal, ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkal, na mpaghara ngwa.
1. Isi mmalite na ntụle isi
A na-akwado Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) site n'imeghachi cellulose eke na chloroacetic acid mgbe ọgwụgwọ alkali gasịrị. Ọ bụ ihe anaonic mmiri soluble cellulose ewepụtara. CMC na-adịkarị n'ụdị nnu sodium, yabụ a na-akpọkwa ya Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC). N'ihi ezigbo solubility ya na ọrụ ngbanwe viscosity, a na-eji CMC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nri, ọgwụ, mkpọ mmanụ, textile na akwụkwọ.
A na-akwado Methylcellulose (MC) site na methylating cellulose na methyl chloride (ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ methylating reagents). Ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta cellulose na-abụghị ionic. MC nwere ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe ngwọta na-esiwanye ike mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-agbaze mgbe ọ dị mma. N'ihi ihe ndị pụrụ iche ya, a na-eji MC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ihe owuwu ụlọ, nkwadebe ọgwụ, mkpuchi, nri na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
2. Chemical Ọdịdị
Ihe nhazi nke CMC bụ iwebata otu carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) na nkeji glucose nke β-1,4-glucosidic bond nke cellulose. Otu carboxyl a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ anionic. Ọdịdị molekụla nke CMC nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke otu sodium carboxylate. Ndị otu a na-ekewa ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ CMC na-ezighị ezi, si otú a na-enye ya ezigbo mmiri solubility na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.
Ọdịdị molekụla nke MC bụ iwebata otu methoxy (-OCH3) n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, na otu methoxy ndị a na-edochi akụkụ nke otu hydroxyl na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. Enweghị otu ionized na nhazi MC, yabụ na ọ bụghị ionic, nke pụtara na ọ naghị ekewa ma ọ bụ bụrụ ebubo na ngwọta. Njirimara gel ya pụrụ iche na-akpata site na ọnụnọ nke otu methoxy ndị a.
3. Solubility na ihe anụ ahụ
CMC nwere ezigbo solubility n'ime mmiri ma nwee ike igbari ngwa ngwa na mmiri oyi iji mepụta mmiri mmiri viscous transperent. Ebe ọ bụ polymer anionic, solubility nke CMC na-emetụta ike ionic na pH uru nke mmiri. N'ebe dị elu nke nnu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ acid siri ike, nkwụsi ike na nkwụsi ike nke CMC ga-ebelata. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, viscosity nke CMC dị ntakịrị na okpomọkụ dị iche iche.
Solubility nke MC na mmiri na-adabere na okpomọkụ. Enwere ike ịgbaze ya na mmiri oyi mana ọ ga-etolite gel mgbe ọ dị ọkụ. Ngwongwo gel a na-ekpo ọkụ na-enyere MC aka ịrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ nri na ihe ụlọ. Viscosity nke MC na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ọ na-enwekwa ezigbo nguzogide enzymatic mmebi na nkwụsi ike.
4. Njirimara viscosity
Viscosity nke CMC bụ otu n'ime ihe anụ ahụ ya kacha mkpa. Viscosity nwere njikọ chiri anya na ịdị arọ molekụla ya na ogo nke nnọchi ya. The viscosity nke CMC ngwọta nwere ezi adjustability, na-emekarị na-amị elu viscosity na ala ịta (1% -2%), otú a na-ejikarị dị ka a thickener, stabilizer na suspending gị n'ụlọnga.
Viscosity nke MC na-emetụtakwa ịdị arọ molekụla ya na ogo nke nnọchi ya. MC nwere ogo ngbanwe dị iche iche nwere njirimara viscosity dị iche iche. MC na-enwekwa mmetụta dị mma na ngwọta, ma mgbe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, ngwọta MC ga-gel. A na-eji ihe onwunwe gelling a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu (dị ka gypsum, ciment) na nhazi nri (dị ka ịgbatị, mmepụta ihe nkiri, wdg).
5. Mpaghara ngwa
A na-ejikarị CMC eme ihe dị ka thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer, na onye na-akwụsịtụ n'ụlọ ọrụ nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ice cream, yogọt na ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi, CMC nwere ike igbochi nkewa nke ngwa ngwa ma melite uto na nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, a na-eji CMC dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ apịtị iji nyere aka ịchịkwa mmiri na mmiri mmiri nke mmiri na-egwupụta ihe. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa CMC maka mgbanwe pulp na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ yana dịka onye nnọchi anya na ụlọ ọrụ akwa.
A na-eji MC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, karịsịa na ngwa agha akọrọ, ihe nkpuchi tile na ntụ ntụ. Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na ihe na-ejigide mmiri, MC nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ihe owuwu yana ike njikọ. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, a na-eji MC mee ihe dị ka ihe eji ejikọta mbadamba mbadamba, ihe na-ahapụ ya na ihe mgbidi capsule. Njirimara thermogelling ya na-eme ka mwepụta a na-achịkwa n'ụdị ụfọdụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-ejikwa MC na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka onye na-agba ume, stabilizer na emulsifier maka nri, dị ka sauces, fillings, breads, wdg.
6. Safety na biodegradability
A na-ewere CMC dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri dị mma. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ toxicological sara mbara egosila na CMC adịghị emerụ ahụ mmadụ na usoro a tụrụ aro ya. Ebe ọ bụ na CMC bụ ihe nrụpụta sitere na cellulose eke ma nwee ezigbo biodegradability, ọ dịtụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na microorganisms nwere ike imebi ya.
A na-ewerekwa MC dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mma ma na-ejikarị ya na ọgwụ, nri na ihe ịchọ mma. Ọdịdị ya na-abụghị ionic na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike na vivo na in vitro. Ọ bụ ezie na MC adịghị ka biodegradable dị ka CMC, ọ nwekwara ike imebi ya site na microorganisms n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.
Ọ bụ ezie na carboxymethyl cellulose na methyl cellulose na-ma ewepụtara si eke cellulose, ha nwere dị iche iche e ji mara na bara uru ngwa n'ihi na ha dị iche iche chemical Ọdịdị, anụ ahụ Njirimara na ngwa ubi. A na-eji CMC eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nri, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ihi ezigbo mmiri solubility ya, ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na nkwusioru, ebe MC na-enwe ọnọdụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọgwụ na nri nri n'ihi njirimara gel na nkwụsi ike ya. Ha abụọ nwere ngwa pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, ma ha abụọ bụ ihe ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 18-2024