Kedu ụdị cellulose ole dị?

1. Cellulose ether

Mwube ọkwa cellulose ether bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa kpụrụ site mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkali na etherifying n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Alkali cellulose na-anọchi anya dị iche iche etherifying ọrụ iji nweta dị iche iche cellulose ether. Dị ka ionization Njirimara nke nnọchi, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na-abụghị ionic (dị ka methyl cellulose). Dị ka ụdị nke nnọchi, cellulose ether nwere ike kewaa mono-ether (dị ka methyl cellulose) na ngwakọta ether (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Dị ka dị iche iche solubility, ọ nwere ike kewara n'ime mmiri-soluble (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na organic mgbaze-soluble (dị ka ethyl cellulose), wdg Dry-agwakọta ngwa agha bụ tumadi mmiri-soluble cellulose, na mmiri-soluble cellulose bụ. kewara n'ime ụdị ngwa ngwa na elu ọgwụgwọ na-egbu oge ụdị mgbasa.

Usoro ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha bụ ndị a:

1. Mgbe ether cellulose dị na ngwa agha gbazere na mmiri, a na-eme ka nkesa dị irè na nke dị iche iche nke cimenti dị na usoro ahụ n'ihi ọrụ elu. Dị ka colloid na-echebe, cellulose ether "na-ekpuchi" ihe ndị siri ike ma mechie ha n'elu elu. Mepụta ihe nkiri na-agba mmanụ, mee ka usoro ngwa agha kwụsie ike, ma na-emeziwanye mmiri nke ngwa ngwa n'oge usoro ngwakọta na ire ụtọ nke ihe owuwu ahụ.
2. N'ihi usoro ihe omimi nke ya, ihe ngwọta cellulose ether na-eme ka mmiri dị na ngwa ngwa ghara ịdị mfe, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ ya ogologo oge, na-enye ngwa agha ahụ nke ọma njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ.

2. Methyl cellulose

Methylcellulose (MC) usoro ihe omimi [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-h (OCH3) n] x.

Mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-emepụta cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume nke methane chloride dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6 ~ 2.0, na solubility dịkwa iche na ọkwa dị iche iche nke nnọchi. Ọ bụ nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic.

1. Methylcellulose na-agbaze na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ihe ngwọta ya na-edozi ahụ kwụsiri ike na pH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na starch, guar gum, wdg na ọtụtụ surfactants. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-erute okpomọkụ gelation, gelation na-eme.
2. Njide mmiri nke methylcellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, urughuru mma na ọnụego mgbasa. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ego mgbakwunye buru ibu, ịdị mma dị ntakịrị, na viscosity dị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu. N'ime ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbakwunye na-enwe mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na njide mmiri, na ọkwa nke viscosity adịghị adabere kpọmkwem na ọkwa nke njide mmiri. The mgbasa ọnụego tumadi na-adabere n'ókè nke elu mgbanwe nke cellulose ahụ na urughuru fineness. N'ime cellulose ethers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri dị elu.
3. Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ nwere ike imetụta njigide mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu, na-akawanye njọ njigide mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ nke ngwa agha gafere 40 Celsius, njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, na-emetụta nrụnye ngwa ngwa.
4. Methylcellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụ ọrụ na nrapado nke ngwa agha. “Adhesion” ebe a na-ezo aka na ike nrapado a na-enwe n'etiti ngwa ngwa onye ọrụ na mkpụrụ mgbidi, ya bụ, nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. Nchikota dị elu, nkwụsị nke mgbochi nke ngwa agha dị ukwuu, na ike nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkwa ọrụ buru ibu, na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha adịghị mma. Methyl cellulose adhesion dị na agafeghị oke na ngwaahịa ether cellulose.

3.Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose

Usoro ihe omimi nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) bụ [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m, OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ ụdị cellulose nke mmepụta na oriri ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose agwakọta nke sitere na owu a nụchara anụcha mgbe alkalization, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka onye na-ahụ maka etherification, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.2 ~ 2.0. Ngwongwo ya dị iche iche n'ihi oke dị iche iche nke ọdịnaya methoxyl na ọdịnaya hydroxypropyl.

1. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adị mfe mgbaze na mmiri oyi, mana ọ ga-esiri ya ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ma gelation okpomọkụ ya na mmiri ọkụ dị nnọọ elu karịa nke methyl cellulose. A na-emeziwanye ihe solubility na mmiri oyi ma e jiri ya tụnyere methyl cellulose.
2. Viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-ejikọta ya na ịdị arọ ya, na ibu ibu molekụla, otú ahụ ka viscosity dị elu. Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity na-ebelata. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu viscosity ya nwere mmetụta okpomọkụ dị ala karịa methyl cellulose. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike mgbe echekwara ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ.
3. Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adabere na ego mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, wdg, na ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri ya n'otu ego mgbakwunye dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
4. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali, na ngwọta mmiri ya kwụsiri ike na pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda na mmiri lime enweghị mmetụta dị nta na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike mee ka mgbasa ya dị ngwa ma mee ka viscosity ya dịkwuo elu. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na nnu nkịtị, ma mgbe ntinye nke ngwọta nnu dị elu, viscosity nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ngwọta na-ebuli elu.
5. Enwere ike ịgwakọta Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na ogige polymer mmiri na-agbaze iji mepụta otu ihe ngwọta na viscosity dị elu. Dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, starch ether, chịngọm akwukwo nri, wdg.
6. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere nguzogide enzyme dị mma karịa methylcellulose, na ngwọta ya adịkwaghị ka ọ ga-emebi site na enzymes karịa methylcellulose.
7. Nrapanye nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na mgbidi ngwa agha dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.

4.Hydroxyethyl cellulose

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)

A na-eme ya site na owu a nụchara anụcha na alkali, wee meghachi omume na ethylene oxide dị ka onye na-eme ka etherification na ọnụnọ acetone. Ogo nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.

1. Hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri oyi, ma ọ na-esiri ike igbari na mmiri ọkụ. Ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike na oke okpomọkụ na-enweghị gelling. Enwere ike iji ya ogologo oge n'okpuru nnukwu okpomọkụ na ngwa agha, mana njide mmiri ya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
2. Hydroxyethyl cellulose kwụsiri ike na izugbe acid na alkali, na alkali nwere ike mee ngwangwa mgbasa ya na ubé dịkwuo ya viscosity. Mgbasa ya na mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo mgbochi sag arụmọrụ maka ngwa agha, ma ọ nwere ogologo oge na-azụ azụ maka ciment.
4. Arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethyl cellulose nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-emepụta dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose n'ihi nnukwu mmiri dị na ya na nnukwu ntụ ntụ.

5.Carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)[C6H7O2(OH)2OCH2COONa] n

A na-eme ether cellulose ionic site na eriri eke (owu, wdg) mgbe ọgwụgwọ alkali gasịrị, na-eji sodium mono-chloroacetate dị ka onye na-ahụ maka etherification, ma na-enweta usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi n'ozuzu bụ 0.4 ~ 1.4, na ogo nke nnọchi na-emetụta arụmọrụ ya nke ukwuu.

1. Carboxymethyl cellulose bụ ihe hygroscopic karịa, ọ ga-enwekwu mmiri mgbe echekwara ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ izugbe.
2. Ihe ngwọta mmiri nke Carboxymethyl cellulose adịghị emepụta gel, na viscosity na-ebelata na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 50 Celsius, viscosity agaghị agbanwe agbanwe.
3. Nkwụsi ike ya na-emetụta pH nke ukwuu. N'ozuzu, enwere ike iji ya na ngwa ngwa gypsum, ma ọ bụghị n'igwe simenti. Mgbe nnukwu alkaline, ọ na-efunahụ viscosity.
4. Njide mmiri ya dị nnọọ ala karịa nke methyl cellulose. Ọ nwere mmetụta retarding na ngwa agha dabeere gypsum ma belata ike ya. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa carboxymethyl cellulose dị nnọọ ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.