Ukunqunywa kwe-Chloride ku-Food Grade Sodium CMC

Ukunqunywa kwe-chloride ebangeni lokudla i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlaziya. Lapha, ngizochaza indlela evame ukusetshenziswa, okuyindlela ye-Volhard, eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-Mohr. Le ndlela ihlanganisa i-titration ngesisombululo se-nitrate yesiliva (AgNO3) phambi kwesikhombi se-potassium chromate (K2CrO4).

Nansi inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokunqunywa kwe-chloride ku-CMC ye-sodium yebanga lokudla kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Volhard:

Izinto kanye nama-reagents:

1. Isampula ye-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
2. Isixazululo seSilver nitrate (AgNO3) (esijwayelekile)
3. Isixazululo senkomba ye-Potassium chromate (K2CrO4).
4. Isixazululo se-nitric acid (HNO3) (dilute)
5. Amanzi acwecwe
6. Isixazululo esingu-0.1 M Sodium chloride (NaCl) (isixazululo esijwayelekile)

Izisetshenziswa:

1. Ibhalansi yokuhlaziya
2. I-Volumetric flask
3. Burette
4. I-Erlenmeyer flask
5. Ama-Pipettes
6. I-Magnetic stirrer
7. imitha ye-pH (uyazikhethela)

Inqubo:

1. Kala ngokunembile cishe igremu elingu-1 lesampula ye-sodium CMC ube yiflaski ye-Erlenmeyer ehlanzekile neyomile engu-250 mL.
2. Engeza cishe u-100 mL wamanzi acwecwe esitshalweni bese ugoqa kuze kube yilapho i-CMC ichitheka ngokuphelele.
3. Engeza amaconsi ambalwa esisombululo senkomba ye-potassium chromate ku-flask. Isixazululo kufanele sibephuzi ngokufiphala.
4. Titrate isixazululo ngesixazululo esijwayelekile se-silver nitrate (AgNO3) kuze kube yilapho kuvela imvula ebomvu ngokubomvu ye-silver chromate (Ag2CrO4). Iphoyinti lokugcina liboniswa ukwakheka kwemvula eqhubekayo ebomvu ngokunsundu.
5. Rekhoda umthamo wesixazululo se-AgNO3 esisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa.
6. Phinda i-titration ngamasampula engeziwe esixazululo se-CMC kuze kutholakale imiphumela evumelanayo (okungukuthi, amavolumu e-titration angaguquki).
7. Lungiselela ukuzimisela okungenalutho usebenzisa amanzi acwecwe esikhundleni sesampula ye-CMC ukuze uphendule nganoma iyiphi i-chloride ekhona kuma-reagents noma i-glassware.
8. Bala okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kusampula ye-sodium CMC usebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:

Kuphi:

• $�$

  V = umthamo wesisombululo se-AgNO3 esisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa (ku-mL)

• $�$

  N = ukujwayelekile kwesisombululo se-AgNO3 (ku-mol/L)

• $�$

  M = i-molarity yesisombululo esijwayelekile se-NaCl (ku-mol/L)

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  W = isisindo sesampula ye-sodium CMC (ku-g)

Qaphela: Isici
$35.45$

I-35.45 isetshenziselwa ukuguqula okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kusuka kumagremu kuya kumagremu e-ion ye-chloride (
$��-$

Cl−).

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:

1. Phatha wonke amakhemikhali ngokucophelela futhi ugqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele.
2. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke i-glassware zihlanzekile futhi zomile ukugwema ukungcola.
3. Hlela isisombululo se-nitrate esisiliva usebenzisa indinganiso eyinhloko njengesisombululo se-sodium chloride (NaCl).
4. Yenza i-titration kancane kancane eduze nendawo yokugcina ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela enembile.
5. Sebenzisa i-stirrer kazibuthe ukuze uqinisekise ukuxutshwa okuphelele kwezixazululo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa.
6. Phinda i-titration ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokunemba kwemiphumela.

Ngokulandela le nqubo, ungakwazi ukunquma okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ku-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ebangeni lokudla ngokunembe nangokuthembekile, uqinisekisa ukuthobela izindinganiso zekhwalithi kanye nezidingo zokulawula zezithasiselo zokudla.