Yintoni iPolyanionic cellulose (PAC)

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iphuma kwi-cellulose eguqulwe ngokwekhemikhali, eyipolymer eyenzeka ngokwemvelo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. I-Cellulose iqulethwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweeyunithi ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye ne-beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, ezenza amaketanga amade. Yenye yezona ntlobo zininzi zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kwaye isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo kwizityalo. I-Polyanionic cellulose yenziwe kwi-cellulose ngoluhlu lweekhemikhali eziphendulayo ezizisa amaqela e-anionic kwi-cellulose backbone. La maqela e-anionic anika i-PAC iipropati zayo ezizodwa kwaye iyenze ixabiseke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

1.Ulwakhiwo lweChemical kunye neNdibaniselwano:
I-Polyanionic cellulose iveliswa yi-etherification okanye i-esterification ye-cellulose. Ngexesha le-etherification, amaqela e-hydroxyl (-OH) kumaketanga e-cellulose athatyathwa ngamaqela e-ether, ngokuqhelekileyo i-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) okanye amaqela e-carboxyethyl (-CH2CH2COOH). Le nkqubo yazisa iindleko ezingalunganga kwi-cellulose backbone, iyenza i-soluble emanzini kwaye ihlawuliswe kakubi ngokubanzi. Iqondo lokutshintshela (DS), elibhekiselele kumndilili yenani lamaqela e-hydroxyl endaweni nganye kwiyunithi yeglucose, inokulawulwa ukulungiselela iipropati zePAC kwizicelo ezithile.

2. Iinkcazelo ngeempawu:
Ukunyibilika kwamanzi: Enye yezinto eziphambili zePAC kukunyibilika kwayo emanzini, okuvela ekuqalisweni kwamaqela e-anionic. Oku kunyibilika kwenza kube lula ukuphatha iPAC kwaye ifakwe kwiinkqubo ezinamanzi.
Ulawulo lweRheological: I-PAC iyaziwa ngokukwazi ukuguqula iimpawu ze-rheological zolwelo. Inokuthi isebenze njenge-agent ekhulayo, iphucula i-viscosity kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Le propati ixabiseke ngokukodwa kumashishini afana nokugrumba i-oyile, apho iPAC isetyenziselwa ukugrumba udaka ukuze kugcinwe uzinzo lwe-wellbore kunye nokulawula ilahleko yolwelo.
Ulawulo lokucoca: I-PAC inokusebenza njenge-arhente yokulawula ukuhluza, inceda ukuthintela ukulahleka kwezinto eziqinileyo ngexesha leenkqubo zokucoca. Le propati inenzuzo kumashishini afana nemigodi kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Uzinzo lwe-pH: I-PAC ibonisa uzinzo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, olunegalelo ekuguquguqukeni kwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuhambelana: I-PAC iyahambelana noluhlu lwezinye iikhemikhali kunye nezongezo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zoshishino.

3.Izicelo:
Ishishini le-Oyile neGesi: I-PAC isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwe-oyile negesi, ingakumbi kulwelo lokomba (udaka). Isebenza njenge-viscosifier, iarhente yokulawula ukulahleka kolwelo, kunye ne-shale inhibitor, inceda ekuphuculeni imisebenzi yokomba kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo kakuhle.
Ulwakhiwo: Kushishino lolwakhiwo, iPAC iqeshiwe ekufakeni isamente kwizicelo zokwandisa iimpawu zodaka lwesamente. Iphucula ukumpompa, inciphisa ilahleko yolwelo, kwaye yongeza amandla ebhondi yesamente.
Amachiza: I-PAC ifumana izicelo kwimixube yoxubo njengesibophelelo kwimveliso yethebhulethi nanjenge-viscosity modifier kulwelo.
Ukutya neziselo: Kushishino lokutya neziselo, iPAC isetyenziswa njengesizinzisi, isityebi, nesithambiso kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, eziquka iisosi, iilokhwe, kunye neemveliso zobisi.
IiMveliso zoNonophelo loBuqu: I-PAC ibandakanywe kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezinje ngeeshampu, iiconditioner, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokujiya nokuzinzisa.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi: I-PAC isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi njenge-flocculant kunye ne-coagulant aid yokususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini.

4.Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo:
Ngelixa iPAC ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuphakamisa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zeselulosi ukuvelisa i-PAC ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagents kunye neenkqubo ezithatha amandla. Ukongeza, ukulahlwa kweemveliso eziqulathe iPAC kunokuba negalelo kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zolawulo lwenkunkuma azilandelwa. Ke ngoko, iinzame ziyaqhuba ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezizinzileyo zokudityaniswa kwePAC kunye nokukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa okanye ukonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kwiimveliso ezisekwe kwiPAC.

Imfuno ye-polyanionic cellulose kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeepropathi zayo eziguquguqukayo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Iinzame zophando zijolise ekomelezeni ngakumbi ukusebenza nozinzo lwePAC, ukuhlola iindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa, kunye nokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezilungele indalo. Ukongeza, kukho umdla okhulayo wokusetyenziswa kwePAC kumacandelo asakhulayo afana ne-biomedicine kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo. Lilonke, i-polyanionic cellulose ihlala iyipolymer exabisekileyo kwaye iyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zale mihla zemizi-mveliso, kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo ejolise ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngelixa inciphisa indawo yayo yokusingqongileyo.

i-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) yi-derivative ye-chemically modified derivative ye-cellulose eneempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba zixabiseke kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshishino. Ukusuka ekwandiseni iipropathi zolwelo ekombiweni kwe-oyile ukuya ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokwenziwa kwamayeza, iPAC idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumacandelo amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na imveliso yemichiza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iziphumo zokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yePAC kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo. Ngaphandle kwemingeni, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nolutsha luqhubeka nokwandisa amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose, ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka ezayo.