I-Cellulose ether, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-mortar. Njengohlobo lweselulosi etherified,i-cellulose etherinobudlelwane namanzi, kwaye le khompawundi yepolymer inamandla okufunxa amanzi kunye nokugcina amanzi, enokusombulula kakuhle ukopha kodaka, ixesha elifutshane lokusebenza, ukuncamathela, njl. Ukungoneli kweqhina lokuqina kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lokwakha lehlabathi kunye nokuqhubeka nzulu kophando lwezixhobo zokwakha, ukuthengiswa kodaka kuye kwaba yinto engenakuthintelwa. Ngenxa yeenzuzo ezininzi ezingenalo udaka lwemveli, ukusetyenziswa kodaka lwezorhwebo kuye kwaxhaphaka kwizixeko ezinkulu neziphakathi kwilizwe lam. Nangona kunjalo, udaka lwezorhwebo luseneengxaki ezininzi zobugcisa.
Udaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, olufana nodaka oluqiniswayo, izinto zokugawula i-samente, njl., ngenxa yobuninzi be-agent yokunciphisa amanzi esetyenzisiweyo, iya kubangela into embi kakhulu yokopha kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza okubanzi kodaka; Inobuntununtunu kakhulu, kwaye ithanda ukwehla kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi kwithuba elifutshane emva kokuxutywa, okuthetha ukuba ixesha lokusebenza lifutshane kakhulu; Ukongeza, udaka olubotshiweyo, ukuba udaka lunesakhono saneleyo sokugcina amanzi, isixa esikhulu sokufuma siya kufunxwa yi-matrix, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunqongophelweni kwamanzi odaka lwebhondi, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukungonelanga kwe-hydration, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ukuncipha kwamandla okubambisana.
Ukongeza, i-admixtures njengeendawo ezithatha indawo yesamente, njenge-fly ash, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (i-mineral powder), i-silica fume, njl., ngoku kubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Njengemveliso ephuma kwimizi-mveliso kunye nenkunkuma, ukuba umxube awunakusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ukuqokelelana kwawo kuya kuhlala kwaye kutshabalalise umhlaba omkhulu, kwaye kuya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo. Ukuba i-admixtures isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, inokuphucula iimpawu ezithile zekhonkrithi kunye nodaka, kwaye ixazulule iingxaki zobunjineli bekhonkrithi kunye nodaka kwizicelo ezithile. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-admixtures kunenzuzo kokusingqongileyo kunye neenzuzo zeshishini.
Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures kwi-mortar, kodwa kusekho ukungabikho kwengxoxo malunga nomphumo wokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwezi zibini.
Kweli phepha, i-admixtures ebalulekileyo kwi-mortar, i-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixture isetyenziswe kwi-mortar, kunye nomthetho wempembelelo ebanzi yamacandelo amabini kumdaka kwi-fluidity kunye namandla omdaka ushwankathelwa ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo. Ngokutshintsha uhlobo kunye nobungakanani be-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures kuvavanyo, impembelelo kwi-fluidity kunye namandla omdaka yabonwa (kweli phepha, inkqubo yokuvavanya i-gelling system ithatha inkqubo yokubini). Xa kuthelekiswa ne-HPMC, i-CMC ayifanelekanga ukutyeba kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kunyango lwezixhobo zesamente ezisekwe kwisamente. I-HPMC inokunciphisa kakhulu umbane we-slurry kwaye yandise ilahleko ekuhambeni kwexesha kwi-dosage ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-0.2%). Ukunciphisa amandla omzimba wodaka kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa-ukugoqa. Ulwelo olubanzi kunye neemfuno zamandla, umxholo we-HPMC kwi-O. 1% ufanelekile ngakumbi. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-admixtures, i-fly ash inefuthe elithile ekwandiseni i-fluidity ye-slurry, kwaye impembelelo ye-slag powder ayibonakali. Nangona umsi we-silica unokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukopha, ukumanzi kunokulahleka kakhulu xa idosi yi-3%. . Emva koqwalaselo olubanzi, kugqitywa ukuba xa uthuthu lwempukane lusetyenziswa kwisakhiwo okanye udaka olomeleziweyo kunye neemfuno zokuqina ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla okuqala, idosi akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, idosi ephezulu imalunga ne-10%, kwaye xa isetyenziselwa ukubopha. udaka, yongezwa kwi-20%. ‰ Kananjalo unokwanelisa iimfuno; ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuzinza komthamo ophantsi we powder yamaminerali kunye ne-silica fume, kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-10% kunye ne-3% ngokulandelanayo. Iimpembelelo ze-admixtures kunye ne-cellulose ethers azizange zihambelane kakhulu kwaye zineempembelelo ezizimeleyo.
Ukongeza, ngokubhekisele kwithiyori yamandla kaFeret kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures, eli phepha liphakamisa indlela entsha yokuqikelela amandla oxinzelelo lwezixhobo ezisekelwe kwisamente. Ngokuxubusha i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga kunye nokungahoywa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-admixtures eyahlukeneyo, le ndlela iphetha ngokuthi i-admixtures, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-aggregate kuneempembelelo ezininzi kwikhonkrithi. Umthetho wempembelelo (udaka) amandla unentsingiselo elungileyo yesikhokhelo.
Ngalo msebenzi ungasentla, eli phepha litsala izigqibo zethiyori kunye nezenzo ezinexabiso elithile lereferensi.
Amagama angundoqo: i-cellulose ether,ukuguquguquka kodaka, ukusebenza, umxube weeminerali, uqikelelo lwamandla
Isahluko 1 Intshayelelo
1.1udaka lwempahla
1.1.1Ukuqaliswa kodaka lwezorhwebo
Kwilizwe lam kwishishini lezinto zokwakha, ikhonkrithi iphumelele iqondo eliphezulu lokuthengisa, kunye nokuthengiswa kodaka kwakhona kuya phezulu nangaphezulu, ngakumbi kwiimbumba ezikhethekileyo ezahlukeneyo, abavelisi abanezakhono eziphezulu zobugcisa bayafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe udaka olwahlukeneyo. Izalathi zentsebenzo zifanelekile. Udaka lwezorhwebo lwahlulahlulwe lube ngamacandelo amabini: udaka oluxubeneyo olulungeleyo kunye nodaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo. Udaka olulungelelanisiweyo luthetha ukuba udaka luthuthelwa kwindawo yokwakha emva kokuba luxutywe namanzi ngumboneleli kwangaphambili ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi, ngelixa udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo lwenziwa ngumenzi wodaka ngokuxutywa okomileyo kunye nokupakisha izinto zesamente, aggregates kunye nezongezo ngokomlinganiselo othile. Yongeza umlinganiselo othile wamanzi kwindawo yokwakha kwaye uxube ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Udaka lwemveli lunobuthathaka obuninzi ekusebenziseni kunye nokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, ukupakishwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuxuba kwisiza akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwakhiwa kwempucuko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yeemeko zokwakha kwisiza kunye nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza umgangatho wodaka kunzima ukuqinisekiswa, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukufumana ukusebenza okuphezulu. udaka. Xa kuthelekiswa nodaka lwemveli, udaka lwezorhwebo luneenzuzo ezithile ezicacileyo. Okokuqala, umgangatho wayo kulula ukulawula kunye nokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu, iintlobo zayo zisulungekile, kwaye ijolise ngakumbi kwiimfuno zobunjineli. Udaka oluxutyiweyo lwaseYurophu lwaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yee-1950, kwaye ilizwe lam likwakhuthaza ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kodaka lwezorhwebo. I-Shanghai sele isebenzise udaka lwezorhwebo ngo-2004. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yelizwe lam lokuhlala ezidolophini, ubuncinane kwimarike yasezidolophini, kuya kuba yinto engenakuphepheka ukuba udaka lwezorhwebo oluneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo luya kuthatha indawo yodaka lwemveli.
1.1.2Iingxaki ezikhoyo kudaka lwezorhwebo
Nangona udaka lwezorhwebo luneenzuzo ezininzi kunodaka lwemveli, kusekho ubunzima obuninzi bobugcisa njengodaka. Udaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, olufana nodaka lokuqiniswa, izinto zokugalela kwisamente, njl.njl., zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kumandla kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwe-superplasticizers kukhulu, okuya kubangela ukopha okukhulu kwaye kuchaphazele udaka. Ukusebenza okubanzi; kwaye kwezinye iintsimbi zeplastiki, ngenxa yokuba zinovakalelo kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwamanzi, kulula ukuba nokuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngexesha elifutshane emva kokuxuba, kwaye ixesha lokusebenza lifutshane kakhulu: Ukongeza. , Kuba Ngokubhekiselele kwi-bonding mortar, i-matrix yokudibanisa idla ngokuba yomile. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakhiwa, ngenxa yokungonelanga kodaka ukugcina amanzi, umthamo omkhulu wamanzi uya kuxutywa yi-matrix, okubangelwa ukunqongophala kwamanzi asekuhlaleni kwi-bonding mortar kunye nokungonelanga kwe-hydration. Isenzeko sokuba amandla ayancipha kwaye amandla okubambelela ayancipha.
Ukuphendula le mibuzo ingasentla, i-additive ebalulekileyo, i-cellulose ether, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-mortar. Njengohlobo lweselulosi etherified, i-cellulose ether inobudlelwane bamanzi, kwaye le khompawundi yepolymer inokufunxeka kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nobuchule bokugcina amanzi, enokusombulula kakuhle ukopha kodaka, ixesha elifutshane lokusebenza, ukunamathela, njl. iingxaki.
Ukongeza, i-admixtures njengeendawo ezithatha indawo yesamente, njenge-fly ash, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (i-mineral powder), i-silica fume, njl., ngoku kubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Siyazi ukuba uninzi lwee-admixtures luyimveliso yeemveliso ezifana namandla ombane, intsimbi yokunyibilikisa, i-smelting ferrosilicon kunye nesilicon yoshishino. Ukuba azinakusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ukuqokelelwa kwe-admixtures kuya kuhlala kwaye kutshabalalise umhlaba omkhulu kwaye kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-admixtures isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ezinye iipropati zekhonkrithi kunye nodaka zinokuphuculwa, kwaye ezinye iingxaki zobunjineli ekusebenziseni ikhonkrithi kunye nodaka zingasombululwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-admixtures kunenzuzo kokusingqongileyo nakwishishini. ziluncedo.
1.2I-cellulose ethers
I-cellulose ether (i-cellulose ether) i-polymer compound ene-ether structure eveliswa yi-etherification ye-cellulose. Iringi nganye ye-glucosyl kwi-cellulose macromolecules iqulethe amaqela amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqela eliphambili le-hydroxyl kwi-athom ye-carbon yesithandathu, iqela le-hydroxyl yesibini kwi-athom ye-carbon yesibini neyesithathu, kunye ne-hydrogen kwiqela le-hydroxyl lithatyathelwa indawo liqela le-hydrocarbon ukuvelisa i-ether cellulose. izinto eziphuma kuyo. into. I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer ikhompawundi enganyibilikiyo okanye inyibilike, kodwa i-cellulose inokunyibilika emanzini, i-dilute isisombululo se-alkali kunye ne-solvent ye-organic emva kwe-etherification, kwaye ine-thermoplasticity ethile.
I-ether ye-cellulose ithatha i-cellulose yendalo njengento eluhlaza kwaye ilungiswe ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. Ihlelwa ngamacandelo amabini: ionic kunye ne-non-ionic kwifom ye-ionized. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhemikhali, i-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, amayeza, iiseramikhi kunye namanye amashishini. .
1.2.1Ukuhlelwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose zokwakhiwa
I-ether ye-cellulose yokwakha ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso eziveliswa yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ze-cellulose zinokufumaneka ngokususa i-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agents ezahlukeneyo.
1. Ngokweempawu ze-ionization zabaxhasi, i-cellulose ethers ingahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).
2. Ngokweentlobo ze-substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ethers enye (efana ne-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-mixed ethers (efana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Ngokutsho kwe-solubility eyahlukileyo, ihlulwe ibe yi-soluble yamanzi (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-solubility ye-organic solvent (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njl njl. -i-cellulose e-soluble Yahlulwe ngokohlobo olukhawulezayo kunye nohlobo lokulibaziseka lokuchithwa emva konyango lomphezulu.
1.2.2 Inkcazo yendlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether kumdaka
I-ether ye-cellulose iyingxube ephambili yokuphucula iimpawu zokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-dry-mixed mortar, kwaye iphinda ibe enye yezinto ezixutywayo eziphambili zokumisela ixabiso lezinto ezixutywe ngodaka.
1. Emva kokuba i-cellulose ether kwi-mortar ichithwe emanzini, umsebenzi oyingqayizivele wendawo uqinisekisa ukuba izinto ze-cementitious zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlakazeke ngokufanayo kwi-slurry system, kunye ne-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, "iyakwazi "i-encapsulate" iinqununu eziqinileyo, Ngaloo ndlela. , ifilimu yokuthambisa yenziwa kwindawo yangaphandle, kwaye ifilimu yokuthambisa ingenza umzimba wodaka ube ne-thixotropy elungileyo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo uzinzile kwimeko yokuma, kwaye akuyi kubakho iziganeko ezimbi ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi okanye i-stratification yezinto ezikhanyayo kunye nezinzima, okwenza inkqubo yodaka iqine ngakumbi; ngelixa ukwimeko yokwakha ephazamisekile, i-ether ye-cellulose iya kudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukucheba kwe-slurry. Isiphumo sokuchasana okuguquguqukayo kwenza ukuba udaka lube ne-fluidity elungileyo kunye nokugudiswa ngexesha lokwakhiwa ngexesha lokuxuba.
2. Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo sayo se-molecular, isisombululo se-cellulose ether sinokugcina amanzi kwaye singalahleki ngokulula emva kokuxutywa kumdaka, kwaye siya kukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elide, elongeza ixesha lokusebenza kodaka. kwaye inika udaka ukugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza.
1.2.3 Ii-etha ezininzi ze-cellulose zebakala lolwakhiwo ezibalulekileyo
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu ocociweyo uphathwe ngealkali, i-methyl chloride isetyenziswa njenge-etherifying agent ukwenza i-cellulose ether ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweempendulo. Idigri yokutshintshwa ngokubanzi ngu-1. Ukunyibilika kwe-2.0, iqondo lokutshintshela lihlukile kwaye ukunyibilika kuyahluka. yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Ilungiselelwe ngokuphendula nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherifying agent phambi kwe-acetone emva kokuba ikotoni ecocekileyo iphathwe nge-alkali. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi li-1.5 ukuya ku-2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma.
3. IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose luhlobo lweselulosi oluphuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-ether engeyiyo ionic cellulose exutywe ne-ether eyenziwe kwikotoni esulungekileyo emva konyango lwe-alkali, isebenzisa i-propylene oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride njengee-etherifying agents, kunye noluhlu lweempendulo. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi li-1.2 ukuya ku-2.0. Iipropati zayo ziyahluka ngokomlinganiselo we-methoxyl umxholo kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropyl.
4. I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
I-Ionic cellulose ether ilungiswa ukusuka kwimicu yendalo (ikotoni, njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, usebenzisa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherifying agent, kunye noluhlu lwezonyango zokusabela. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi ngu-0.4–d. 4. Ukusebenza kwayo kuchatshazelwa kakhulu liqondo lokutshintshwa.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwesithathu nolwesine ziintlobo ezimbini zeselulosi ezisetyenziswe kolu vavanyo.
1.2.4 Ubume boPhuhliso loShishino lwe-Cellulose Etere
Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, imakethi ye-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo ikhule kakhulu, kwaye intengiso kumazwe asakhasayo ikwinqanaba lokukhula, eliya kuba yeyona nto iqhuba ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwihlabathi kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, umthamo wemveliso wehlabathi jikelele we-cellulose ether udlula i-1 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-Europe ibalwa kwi-35% yokusetyenziswa kwehlabathi lonke, ilandelwa yi-Asia kunye noMntla Melika. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) yolona hlobo lomthengi oluphambili, i-akhawunti ye-56% yetotali, ilandelwa yi-methyl cellulose ether (MC / HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), i-akhawunti ye-56% iyonke. 25% kunye ne-12%. Ushishino lwe-cellulose ether lwangaphandle lukhuphisana kakhulu. Emva kokudityaniswa okuninzi, imveliso igxile kakhulu kwiinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu, ezifana neDow Chemical Company kunye neHercules Company eUnited States, iAkzo Nobel eNetherlands, iNoviant eFinland kunye neDAICEL eJapan, njl.
ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa i-cellulose ether enkulu kunye nomthengi we-cellulose ether, kunye nomndilili wokukhula ngonyaka ongaphezulu kwe-20%. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, kukho malunga nama-50 amashishini okuvelisa i-cellulose ether e-China. Umthamo wemveliso oyiliweyo weshishini le-cellulose ether lidlule iitoni ezingama-400,000, kwaye kukho amashishini amalunga nama-20 anomthamo ongaphezu kweetoni ezingama-10,000, ikakhulu abekwe eShandong, eHebei, eChongqing naseJiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngo-2011, amandla emveliso yeCMC yaseTshayina ayemalunga neetoni ezingama-300,000. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yomgangatho ophezulu we-cellulose ethers kwiyeza, ukutya, imichiza yemihla ngemihla kunye namanye amashishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yasekhaya yezinye iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC iyanda. Enkulu, umthamo we-MC / HPMC malunga neetoni ze-120,000, kwaye umthamo we-HEC malunga neetoni ezingama-20,000. I-PAC isekwinqanaba lokunyuswa kunye nesicelo eChina. Ngophuhliso lwamasimi amakhulu e-oyile engaselunxwemeni kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokwakha, ukutya, imichiza kunye namanye amashishini, isixa kunye nentsimi yePAC iyanda kwaye yanda unyaka nonyaka, kunye nomthamo wemveliso yeetoni ezingaphezu kwe-10,000.
1.3Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar
Ngokuphathelele uphando lwesicelo sobunjineli be-cellulose ether kushishino lokwakha, abaphengululi basekhaya nabangaphandle baqhube inani elikhulu lophando lovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela.
1.3.1Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwangaphandle malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kudaka
I-Laetitia Patural, u-Philippe Marchal kunye nabanye baseFransi babonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka, kwaye i-parameter yesakhiwo sisitshixo, kwaye ubunzima be-molecular buyisitshixo sokulawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuhambelana. Ngokunyuka kobunzima be-molecular, uxinzelelo lwesivuno luyancipha, ukunyuka kokunyuka, kunye nokusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwanda; ngokuchaseneyo, idigri ye-molar substitution (enxulumene nomxholo we-hydroxyethyl okanye i-hydroxypropyl) inefuthe elincinci ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka oxubekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-cellulose ethers enedigri ephantsi ye-molar yokutshintshwa iphucule ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Isigqibo esibalulekileyo malunga nendlela yokugcina amanzi kukuba iimpawu ze-rheological zodaka zibalulekile. Inokubonwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo ukuba udaka oluxutyiweyo olunomileyo olunomlinganiselo osisigxina wamanzi-samente kunye nomxholo we-admixture, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kunomlinganiselo ofanayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye ii-ether ze-cellulose, umkhwa awubonakali; ukongeza, kwi-starch ethers, kukho ipateni echaseneyo. I-viscosity yomxube omtsha ayiyona iparameter kuphela yokumisela ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
ULaetitia Patural, uPatrice Potion, et al., Ngoncedo lwe-pulsed field gradient kunye nobuchule be-MRI, bafumanisa ukuba ukufuduka komswakama kwi-interface yodaka kunye ne-unsaturated substrate kuchatshazelwa ukongezwa kwexabiso elincinci le-CE. Ukulahleka kwamanzi kungenxa yesenzo se-capillary kunokusasazwa kwamanzi. Ukufuduka kobumanzi ngesenzo se-capillary kulawulwa yi-substrate ye-micropore yoxinzelelo, elandelwa bubungakanani be-micropore kunye ne-Laplace theory interfacial tension, kunye ne-viscosity yamanzi. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimpawu ze-rheological ze-CE isisombululo samanzi zingundoqo ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ngqikelelo iyangqubana nemvumelwano ethile (ezinye izithinteli ezifana ne-molecular polyethylene oxide ephezulu kunye ne-starch ethers azisebenzi njenge-CE).
UJean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. wasebenzisa i-cellulose ether ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo, kwaye isisombululo sayo se-2% viscosity sasisuka kwi-5000 ukuya kwi-44500mpa. S ukusuka kwi-MC kunye ne-HEMC. Fumana:
1. Ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo we-CE, uhlobo lwe-CE lunempembelelo enkulu kwi-viscosity ye-adhesive mortar yeetayile. Oku kubangelwa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-CE kunye ne-disperible polymer powder kwi-adsorption yamasuntswana e-samente.
2. I-adsorption yokukhuphisana ye-CE kunye ne-rubber powder inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwixesha lokumisela kunye ne-spalling xa ixesha lokwakha liyi-20-30min.
3. Amandla ebhondi achaphazelekayo ngokudibanisa kwe-CE kunye ne-rubber powder. Xa ifilimu ye-CE ingenako ukuthintela ukuvela komswakama kwi-interface ye-tile kunye nodaka, ukunamathela phantsi kokuphilisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunciphisa.
4. Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-CE kunye ne-disperible polymer powder kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuyilwa umlinganiselo we-adhesive mortar kwiitiles.
I-LSchmitzC yaseJamani. J. UDkt. H (a) cker okhankanywe kwinqaku ukuba i-HPMC kunye ne-HEMC kwi-cellulose ether inendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwi-dry-mixed mortar. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni isalathisi sokugcinwa kwamanzi ephuculweyo ye-cellulose ether, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-Cellulose ethers eguquliweyo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula nokuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza zodaka kunye neempawu zodaka olomileyo kunye nolukhuni.
1.3.2Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwasekhaya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kumdaka
Xin Quanchang osuka Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology wafunda iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo iipolymer kwezinye iipropati bonding udaka, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa komdibaniso umgubo dispersible polymer kunye hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza udaka bonding, kodwa. kwakhona unako Inxalenye yeendleko iyancitshiswa; iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba xa umxholo we-latex powder owenziwe ngokutsha ulawulwa kwi-0.5%, kwaye umxholo we-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ulawulwa kwi-0.2%, udaka olulungisiweyo luxhathisa ukugoba. kwaye amandla okudibanisa avelele ngakumbi, kwaye abe nokuguquguquka okuhle kunye neplastiki.
Unjingalwazi uMa Baoguo ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji wabonisa ukuba i-ether ye-cellulose inesiphumo esicacileyo sokunciphisa, kwaye inokuchaphazela uhlobo lwesakhiwo seemveliso ze-hydration kunye nesakhiwo se-pore se-sement slurry; I-cellulose ether ibhengezwa kakhulu kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-samente ukwenza isiphumo esithile somqobo. Ithintela i-nucleation kunye nokukhula kweemveliso ze-hydration; kwelinye icala, i-cellulose ether ithintela ukufuduka kunye nokusasazwa kwee-ion ngenxa yesiphumo esicacileyo sokwandisa i-viscosity, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa ukuhanjiswa kwesamente kumlinganiselo othile; i-cellulose ether inozinzo lwealkali.
UJian Shouwei ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji ugqibe kwelokuba indima yeCE kudaka ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwimiba emithathu: ugcino lwamanzi olugqwesileyo, ifuthe lokungaguquguquki kodaka kunye nethixotropy, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwerheology. I-CE ayinikeli nje kuphela udaka ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza, kodwa kwakhona Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kobushushu besamente kwangoko kunye nokulibazisa inkqubo ye-hydration kinetic yesamente, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kodaka, kukho umahluko kwiindlela zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo. .
Udaka olulungisiweyo lwe-CE lusetyenziswa ngendlela yodaka olucekethekileyo kudaka lwemihla ngemihla oluxubeneyo (olufana nesibophelelo sezitena, i-putty, udaka olutyatyekiweyo, njl. njl.). Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo sihamba kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kodaka. Okwangoku, uphando oluphambili lujolise kwi-adhesive tile yobuso, kwaye kukho uphando oluncinci kwezinye iintlobo zodaka oluncinci lwe-CE olulungisiweyo.
U-Su Lei ovela kwiYunivesithi yase-Wuhan yeThekhnoloji efunyenwe ngohlalutyo lovavanyo lwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokumisela ixesha lodaka olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether. Ubungakanani bamanzi buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ixesha lokudibanisa lide; xa ubungakanani bamanzi bufikelela ku-O. Emva kwe-6%, utshintsho lwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi akubonakali, kwaye ixesha lokumisela liphantse liphindwe kabini; kunye nophando lovavanyo lwamandla alo oxinzelelo lubonisa ukuba xa umxholo we-cellulose ether ungaphantsi kwe-0.8%, umxholo we-cellulose ether ungaphantsi kwe-0.8%. Ukunyuka kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla oxinzelelo; kunye ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwebhondi kunye nebhodi yodaka lwesamente, O. Ngaphantsi kwe-7% yomxholo, ukwanda komxholo we-cellulose ether kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okudibanisa.
U-Lai Jianqing we-Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. uhlalutye kwaye wagqiba ukuba i-dosage efanelekileyo ye-cellulose ether xa kuqwalaselwa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nesalathisi sokuhambelana yi-0 ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweemvavanyo kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla kunye namandla ebhondi. Udaka lwe-EPS lokufakwa kwe-thermal. 2%; I-cellulose ether inefuthe elinamandla lokungenisa umoya, okuya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla, ngakumbi ukuhla kwamandla e-bond bond, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyisebenzise kunye ne-polymer powder.
U-Yuan Wei kunye noQin Min we-Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute baqhube uvavanyo kunye nophando lwesicelo se-cellulose ether kwikhonkrithi enegwebu. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC iphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi entsha yogwebu kwaye inciphisa izinga lokulahleka kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi yogwebu eqinile; I-HPMC inokunciphisa ilahleko yokudilika kwekhonkrithi entsha yogwebu kwaye inciphise ubuntununtunu bomxube kubushushu. ; I-HPMC iya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi yogwebu. Phantsi kweemeko zonyango lwendalo, umlinganiselo othile we-HPMC unokuphucula amandla omzekelo ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
U-Li Yuhai we-Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. ubonise ukuba uhlobo kunye nomthamo we-latex powder, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kunye nemeko yokunyanga kunempembelelo enkulu ekuchaseni impembelelo yodaka lokutyabeka. Impembelelo ye-cellulose ethers kumandla empembelelo nayo ayinanto xa kuthelekiswa nomxholo wepolymer kunye neemeko zokunyanga.
I-Yin Qingli ye-AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (i-Shanghai) Co., Ltd. isetyenzisile i-Bermocoll PADl, ibhodi ye-polystyrene eguqulwe ngokukhethekileyo edibanisa i-cellulose ether, yovavanyo, olulungele ngokukodwa udaka oludibeneyo lwe-EPS inkqubo yokugquma eludongeni lwangaphandle. I-Bermocoll PADl inokuphucula amandla okudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nebhodi ye-polystyrene ngaphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether. Nakwimeko yedosi ephantsi, ayinakuphucula kuphela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kodaka olutsha, kodwa inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo amandla okudibanisa antlandlolo kunye namandla okudibana kwamanzi phakathi kodaka kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene ngenxa yeankile eyodwa. iteknoloji. . Nangona kunjalo, ayinakuphucula ukuchasana kwempembelelo yodaka kunye nokusebenza kwebhondi kunye nebhodi ye-polystyrene. Ukuphucula ezi zakhiwo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-latex powder ephinda isetyenziswe.
U-Wang Peiming ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseTongji uhlalutye imbali yophuhliso lodaka lwezorhwebo kwaye yabonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder zinempembelelo engabonakaliyo kwiimpawu zokusebenza ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla okuguquguquka kunye nokunyanzeliswa, kunye ne-elastic modulus yodaka olomileyo lwe-powder yorhwebo.
UZhang Lin kunye nabanye beShantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baye bagqiba kwelokuba, kudaka lokudityaniswa kwebhodi yepolystyrene eyandisiweyo yokutyabeka udonga lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal (oko kukuthi inkqubo ye-Eqos), kucetyiswa ukuba esona sixa siphezulu. yomgubo werabha ibe yi-2.5% ngumda; i-viscosity ephantsi, i-ether ye-cellulose eguqulwe kakhulu iluncedo olukhulu ekuphuculeni i-axiliary tensile bond bond yodaka oluqinileyo.
UZhao Liqun weShanghai Institute of Building Research (iQela) Co., Ltd. wachaza kwinqaku ukuba i-cellulose ether inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kwaye inciphise kakhulu ingxinano enkulu kunye namandla oxinzelelo odaka, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokumisela. ixesha lodaka. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zedosi, i-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu iluncedo ekuphuculeni izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa amandla oxinzelelo ayancipha kakhulu kwaye ixesha lokumisela lide. Umgubo ojiyayo kunye ne-cellulose ether kuphelisa ukuqhekeka kweplastiki yodaka ngokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwidaka.
IYunivesithi yaseFuzhou uHuang Lipin et al wafunda idoping ye-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kunye ne-ethylene. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye ne-cross-sectional morphology yodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo lwe-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Kufunyaniswa ukuba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kunye nefuthe elibalaseleyo lokungenisa umoya, ngelixa iipropati zokunciphisa amanzi ze-latex powder kunye nokuphuculwa kweempawu zomatshini zodaka zibalaseleyo. Isiphumo sokuguqulwa; kwaye kukho uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwedosi phakathi kweepholima.
Ngothotho lweemvavanyo, u-Chen Qian kunye nabanye abavela eHubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. babonakalise ukuba ukwandisa ixesha elishukumisayo kunye nokunyusa isantya esishukumisayo kunokunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima ye-cellulose ether kudaka oluxutyiweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kodaka, kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokuvuselela. Isantya esifutshane kakhulu okanye esicotha kakhulu siya kwenza ukuba udaka lube nzima ukwakha; ukukhetha i-ether ye-cellulose efanelekileyo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutyiweyo.
U-Li Sihan ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseShenyang Jianzhu kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba i-mineral admixtures inokunciphisa i-shrinkage deformation eyomileyo yodaka kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zayo zomatshini; umlinganiselo wekalika kwisanti unefuthe kwiipropati zomatshini kunye nesantya sokunciphisa udaka; redispersible ipolymer powder inokuphucula udaka. Ukuchasana nokuqhekeka, ukuphucula ukubambelela, amandla okuguquguquka, ukudibanisa, ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye nokumelana nokugqoka, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza; i-cellulose ether ine-air-entraining effect, enokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka; ifayibha yomthi inokuphucula udaka Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa lula, ukusebenza, kunye nokusebenza okuchasene nokutyibilika, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa. Ngokudibanisa imixube eyahlukeneyo yokuguqulwa, kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, udaka olunganyangekiyo lwe-crack lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal yangaphandle kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kunokulungiswa.
Yang Lei of Henan University of Technology ixube HEMC kudaka waza wafumanisa ukuba inemisebenzi emibini yogcino lwamanzi kunye nokujiya, nto leyo ethintela ikhonkrithi efakwe emoyeni ukuba ifunxe ngokukhawuleza amanzi kudaka lokutyatyekwa, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba isamente kwindawo yodaka. i-mortar i-hydrated ngokupheleleyo, yenza i-mortar Inhlanganisela kunye ne-aerated concrete i-denser kwaye amandla ebhondi aphezulu; kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kodaka lokutyabeka kwikonkrithi efakwe umoya. Xa i-HEMC yongezwa kumdaka, amandla okuguquguquka komdaka ancipha kancinci, ngelixa amandla oxinzelelo ancipha kakhulu, kwaye i-fold-compression ratio curve ibonise ukunyuka okuphezulu, ebonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HEMC kunokuphucula ukuqina komdaka.
U-Li Yanling kunye nabanye abavela kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseHenan bafumanisa ukuba iipropati zemishini yodaka oluboshiweyo ziphuculwe xa kuthelekiswa nodaka oluqhelekileyo, ngakumbi amandla ebhondi yodaka, xa i-compound admixture yongezwa (umxholo we-cellulose ether wawuyi-0.15%). Ngamaxesha angama-2.33 kunodaka oluqhelekileyo.
UMa Baoguo ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji kunye nabanye bafunda iziphumo zeedosi ezahlukeneyo ze-styrene-acrylic emulsion, i-disperible polymer powder, kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi, amandla ebhondi kunye nokuqina kodaka oluncinci lokutyabeka. , yafumanisa ukuba xa umxholo we-styrene-acrylic emulsion wawuyi-4% ukuya kwi-6%, amandla e-bond bond of mortar afikelele kwixabiso elingcono kakhulu, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio yayincinci; umxholo we-cellulose ether wanda ukuya ku-O. Kwi-4%, amandla ebhondi yomdaka afikelela kwi-saturation, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio iyona nto incinci; xa umxholo we-rubber powder u-3%, amandla okubopha udaka yeyona nto ibhetele, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio iyancipha ngokudibanisa i-rubber powder. umkhwa.
U-Li Qiao kunye nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. yabonisa kwinqaku ukuba imisebenzi ye-cellulose etere kudaka lwesamente kukugcina amanzi, ukuqina, ukungena komoya, ukuncipha kunye nokuphucula amandla ebhondi, njl. imisebenzi iyahambelana Xa uvavanya kwaye ukhetha i-MC, izikhombisi ze-MC ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ziquka i-viscosity, i-degree of etherification substitution, i-degree of modification, ukuzinza kwemveliso, umxholo we-substance osebenzayo, ubungakanani bamasuntswana kunye neminye imiba. Xa ukhetha i-MC kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zodaka, iimfuno zokusebenza kwe-MC ngokwayo kufuneka zibekwe phambili ngokweemfuno zokwakha kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithile zodaka, kunye neentlobo ezifanelekileyo ze-MC kufuneka zikhethwe ngokudibeneyo kunye nokwakheka kunye neeparitha zesalathisi ze-MC.
I-Qiu Yongxia yaseBeijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. yafumanisa ukuba ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar landa; ngokugqwesa amasuntswana e-cellulose ether, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi; Iqondo eliphezulu lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-cellulose ether; ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kobushushu bodaka.
UZhang Bin weYunivesithi yaseTongji kunye nabanye babonisa kwinqaku ukuba iimpawu zokusebenza zodaka olulungisiweyo zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso lwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ethers, kungekhona ukuba i-cellulose ethers kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu yegama zinefuthe elicacileyo kwiimpawu zokusebenza, kuba ikwachatshazelwa bubungakanani bamasuntswana. , izinga lokuchithwa kunye nezinye izinto.
Zhou Xiao kunye nabanye abavela kwiZiko leNkcubeko Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute wafunda igalelo lezongezo ezimbini, i-polymer rubber powder kunye ne-ether cellulose, kwi-bond bond kwi-NHL (hydraulic lime) inkqubo yodaka, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba Ilula Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bepolymer irabha powder kunye ne-cellulose ether inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okubambisana kwe-NHL yodaka kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkcubeko yokuqinisa kunye nezinto zokukhusela; ukwenzela ukuthintela Unempembelelo kwi-permeability yamanzi kunye nokuphefumula kwe-NHL mortar ngokwayo kunye nokuhambelana kunye ne-masonry relics yenkcubeko. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kokuqala kokubambisana kwe-NHL yomdaka, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokongezwa kwepolymer irabha powder ingaphantsi kwe-0.5% ukuya kwi-1%, kunye nokongezwa kwe-cellulose ether Imali ilawulwa malunga ne-0.2%.
UDuan Pengxuan kunye nabanye abavela kwiBeijing Institute of Building Materials Science benza abavavanyi ababini abazenzelayo ngokwesiseko sokuseka imodeli yerheological yodaka olutsha, kwaye baqhuba uhlalutyo lwerheological lodaka oluqhelekileyo lokwakha, udaka lokutyabeka kunye nokutyabeka iimveliso zegypsum. I-denaturation yalinganiswa, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether zinexabiso elingcono lokuqala le-viscosity kunye nokusebenza kokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokunyuka kwexesha kunye nokunyuka kwesantya, okunokuthi kutyebise i-binder yohlobo olungcono lokudibanisa, i-thixotropy kunye nokumelana nokutyibilika.
U-Li Yanling weYunivesithi yaseHenan yeTekhnoloji kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar kunokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe inkqubela phambili ye-cement hydration. Nangona ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo lodaka, kusenyusa umlinganiselo we-flexural-compression ratio kunye nokuqina kwebhondi yodaka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
1.4Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Kwishishini lokwakha lanamhlanje, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi kunye nodaka kukhulu, kwaye imfuno yesamente iyanda. Ukuveliswa kwesamente kukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye noshishino oluphezulu longcoliseko. Ukonga isamente kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula iindleko nokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengenxalenye yendawo yesamente, i-mineral admixture ayinako ukunyusa kuphela ukusebenza kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi, kodwa iphinde igcine i-samente eninzi phantsi kwemeko yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwishishini lezinto zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kuye kwanda kakhulu. Iindidi ezininzi zesamente ziqulathe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso elithile lemixube. Phakathi kwabo, i-samente ye-Portland esetyenziswa kakhulu eqhelekileyo ifakwe kwi-5% kwimveliso. ~ 20% umxube. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amashishini ahlukeneyo odaka kunye nekhonkrithi yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kuninzi kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar, uphando lwexesha elide kunye nolubanzi luye lwenziwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
1.4.1Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwangaphandle kwi-admixture esetyenziswa kudaka
P. IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. yafumanisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuhambisa i-gel, i-gel ayidumbanga ngomthamo olinganayo, kwaye i-mineral admixture inokutshintsha ukubunjwa kwejeli ye-hydrated, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ukuvuvukala kwejeli kuhambelana ne-divalent cations kwi-gel. . Inani leekopi libonise unxulumano olubi.
Kevin J. waseUnited States. UFolliard noMakoto Ohta et al. wabonisa ukuba ukongezwa komsi we-silica kunye nothuthu lwerayisi kumdaka kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo amandla oxinzelelo, ngelixa ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunciphisa amandla, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokuqala.
U-Philippe Lawrence kunye noMartin Cyr waseFransi bafumanisa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mineral admixtures zinokuphucula amandla omdaka phantsi kwedosi efanelekileyo. Umahluko phakathi komxube weeminerali ohlukeneyo awubonakali kwinqanaba lokuqala le-hydration. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-hydration, ukongezwa kwamandla okongeziweyo kuchaphazeleka ngumsebenzi we-mineral admixture, kunye nokunyuka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-inert admixture ayikwazi nje ukuthathwa njengokuzalisa. isiphumo, kodwa kufuneka sibalelwe kwisiphumo somzimba se-nucleation ye-multiphase.
Bulgaria kaThixo ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba amacandelo ezisisiseko silica umsi kunye ne-calcium ephantsi fly uthuthu ngokusebenzisa iimpawu eziphathekayo kunye noomatshini bodaka lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi exutywe ne-admixtures esebenzayo ye-pozzolanic, enokuphucula amandla elitye lesamente. Umsi we-silica unempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-hydration yokuqala yezinto ze-cementitious, ngelixa i-fly ash component inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-hydration kamva.
1.4.2Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwasekhaya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar
Ngophando lovavanyo, uZhong Shiyun kunye no-Xiang Keqin weYunivesithi yaseTongji bafumanisa ukuba i-composite modified mortar ye-fineness ethile ye-fly ash kunye ne-polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), xa umlinganiselo we-poly-binder uqiniswe kwi-0.08, umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-folding ratio. udaka lwanda nge-Fineness kunye nomxholo we-fly ash wehla ngokunyuka kothuthu lwempukane. Kucetywayo ukuba ukongezwa kwe-fly ash kunokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka ngokunyusa umxholo wepolymer.
Wang Yinong of Wuhan Iron kunye Steel Civil Construction Company uye wafunda admixture udaka eliphezulu-ukusebenza, nto leyo enokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kodaka, ukunciphisa iqondo delamination, nokuphucula isakhono bonding. Ifanelekile kwi-masonry kunye ne-plastered of aerated concrete blocks. .
I-Chen Miaomiao kunye nabanye abavela kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseNanjing bafunda umphumo wokuxutywa kabini kothuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo wezimbiwa kudaka olomileyo ekusebenzeni kunye neempawu zoomatshini zodaka, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwemixube emibini akuphuculanga nje ukusebenza kunye neempawu zoomatshini. yomxube. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezomatshini zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko. Idosi efanelekileyo ekhuthazwayo kukutshintsha i-20% ye-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ngokulandelanayo, umlinganiselo wodaka kwisanti ngu-1: 3, kwaye umlinganiselo wamanzi kwizinto eziphathekayo ngu-0.16.
UZhuang Zihao waseSouth China University of Technology walungisa umlinganiselo wokubopha amanzi, i-bentonite elungisiweyo, i-cellulose ether kunye ne-rubber powder, kwaye wafunda iipropati zamandla omdaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa okomileyo kweengxube ezintathu zamaminerali, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba umxholo we-admixture ufikelele. Kwi-50%, i-porosity iyanda kakhulu kwaye amandla ayancipha, kwaye umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-admixtures ezintathu zeminerali yi-8% ye-limestone powder, i-30% ye-slag, kunye ne-4% ye-fly ash, enokufikelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. ireyithi, ixabiso elikhethiweyo lobunzulu.
U-Li Ying ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseQinghai uqhube uthotho lweemvavanyo zodaka oluxutywe ne-admixtures yamaminerali, kwaye wagqiba kwaye wahlalutya ukuba i-admixtures yamaminerali inokwandisa i-particle gradation ye-powders, kunye ne-micro-filling effect kunye ne-secondary hydration ye-admixtures inokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ukubumbana kodaka kwandiswa, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla awo.
UZhao Yujing waseShanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. wasebenzisa ithiyori yokuqina kokuqina kunye namandla okuphuka ukuze afunde iimpembelelo zemixube yeeminerali kwi-brittleness yekhonkrithi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umxube weeminerali unokuphucula kancinane ukuqina kwe-fracture kunye nokuphulwa kwamandla omdaka; kwimeko yohlobo olufanayo lwe-admixture, ukutshintshwa kwexabiso le-40% ye-mineral admixture iyona luncedo kakhulu kwi-fracture toughness and fracture energy.
UXu Guangsheng weYunivesithi yaseHenan wabonisa ukuba xa indawo ethile yendawo ye powder yamaminerali ingaphantsi kwe-E350m2 / l [g, umsebenzi uphantsi, amandla e-3d kuphela malunga ne-30%, kwaye amandla e-28d akhula kwi-0 ~ 90% ; ngelixa kwi-400m2 i-melon g, amandla e-3d Inokusondela kwi-50%, kwaye amandla angama-28d angaphezulu kwe-95%. Ukusuka kwimbono yemigaqo esisiseko ye-rheology, ngokutsho kuhlalutyo lovavanyo lwe-mortar fluidity kunye nesantya sokuhamba, izigqibo ezininzi zithathwa: isiqulatho sothuthu lokubhabha ngaphantsi kwe-20% inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo i-mortar fluidity kunye ne-flow velocity, kunye ne-mineral powder kwi-Xa i-dosage ingezantsi. I-25%, ukumanzi kodaka kunokunyuswa kodwa izinga lokuhamba liyehla.
Unjingalwazi uWang Dongmin weYunivesithi yaseChina yezeMigodi kunye neTekhnoloji kunye noProfesa Feng Lufeng weYunivesithi yaseShandong Jianzhu wachaza kwinqaku ukuba ikhonkrithi yinto enezigaba ezintathu ukusuka kumbono wezinto ezidibeneyo, ezizezi, i-cement paste, aggregate, i-cement paste kunye ne-aggregate. I-interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ekudibaneni. I-ITZ yindawo enobutyebi bamanzi, umlinganiselo we-samente wamanzi wendawo ukhulu kakhulu, i-porosity emva kwe-hydration inkulu, kwaye iya kubangela ukutyetyiswa kwe-calcium hydroxide. Le ndawo inokuthi ibangele iintanda zokuqala, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ibangele uxinzelelo. Ukugxilwa kwengqondo kumisela ubukhulu becala. Uphononongo lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-admixtures kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amanzi e-endocrine kwindawo yenguqu ye-interface, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bendawo yenguqu ye-interface, kunye nokuphucula amandla.
UZhang Jianxin weYunivesithi yaseChongqing kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ngokuguqulwa okupheleleyo kwe-methyl cellulose ether, i-polypropylene fiber, i-polymer powder edispersible, kunye ne-admixtures, udaka oluxutywe omileyo olunodaka olunokusebenza kakuhle lunokulungiswa. Udaka olutyatyekiweyo oluxubeneyo olunodaka lunokusebenza kakuhle, ukomelela kwebhondi ephezulu kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuqhekeka. Umgangatho wamagubu kunye neentanda yingxaki eqhelekileyo.
U-Ren Chuanyao weYunivesithi yaseZhejiang kunye nabanye bafunde umphumo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether kwiipropati ze-fly ash mortar, kwaye bahlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kobuninzi obumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongeza i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kwi-fly ash mortar kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kudaka, ukwandisa ixesha lokubopha udaka, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana okumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo odaka. Kukho unxulumano oluhle phakathi koxinano olumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo angama-28d. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yoxinaniso olumanzi olwaziwayo, amandla oxinzelelo angama-28d angabalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula efanelekileyo.
Unjingalwazi uPang Lufeng kunye noChang Qingshan weYunivesithi yaseShandong Jianzhu basebenzise indlela yoyilo efanayo ukufunda ifuthe lemixube emithathu yothuthu lwempukane, umgubo weminerali kunye nomsi wesilica kumandla ekhonkrithi, kwaye babeka phambili uqikelelo lwefomula enexabiso elithile elisebenzayo ngokuhlehla. uhlalutyo. , yaye kwaqinisekiswa nokuba nokwenzeka kwayo.
1.5Injongo kunye nokubaluleka kolu phononongo
Njengesingqinisiso esibalulekileyo sokugcina amanzi, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kokutya, udaka kunye nemveliso yekhonkrithi kunye namanye amashishini. Njengomxube obalulekileyo kwimibhobho eyahlukeneyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-cellulose ethers zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukopha kodaka oluphezulu, ukomeleza i-thixotropy kunye nokuguda kolwakhiwo lodaka, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye namandla ebhondi yodaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures ye-mineral iyanda, engasombululi kuphela ingxaki yokucubungula inani elikhulu lemveliso yemveliso, igcina umhlaba kwaye ikhusela indalo, kodwa inokuguqula inkunkuma ibe yimpahla kwaye idale inzuzo.
Kukho izifundo ezininzi kumacandelo amabini odaka ekhaya naphesheya, kodwa azikho izifundo ezininzi zovavanyo ezidibanisa ezi zimbini kunye. Injongo yeli phepha kukuxuba ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-mineral admixtures kwi-sement paste ngaxeshanye, udaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity kunye nodaka lweplastiki (ukuthatha i-bonding mortar njengomzekelo), ngovavanyo lokuhlola ubuninzi kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zomatshini, umthetho impembelelo iintlobo ezimbini zodaka xa amacandelo adityaniswe kunye kushwankathelwa, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela i-ether cellulose elizayo. Kwaye usetyenziso olongezelelweyo lwemixube yezimbiwa lubonelela ngereferensi ethile.
Ukongezelela, eli phepha liphakamisa indlela yokuqikelela amandla omdaka kunye nekhonkrithi esekelwe kwi-theory ye-FERET yamandla kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, enokubonelela ngokubaluleka okukhokelayo kuyilo lomxube kunye nokuqikelelwa kwamandla omdaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
1.6Umxholo wophando ophambili weli phepha
Imixholo yophando ephambili yeli phepha ibandakanya:
1. Ngokudibanisa ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures, ii-experiments kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye ne-high-fluidity mortar yenziwa, kwaye imithetho yempembelelo yashwankathelwa kwaye izizathu zahlaziywa.
2. Ngokudibanisa i-cellulose ethers kunye ne-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures kwi-high fluidity mortar kunye ne-bonding mortar, ukuhlola iziphumo zabo kumandla oxinzelelo, amandla e-flexural, i-compression-folding ratio kunye ne-bonding mortar yodaka oluphezulu kunye nodaka lweplastiki Umthetho wempembelelo kwi-tensile bond. amandla.
3. Idityaniswe nethiyori yamandla e-FERET kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, indlela yoqikelelo lwamandla e-multi-component cementitious material mortar kunye nekhonkrithi icetywayo.
Isahluko sesi-2 Uhlalutyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namacandelo azo ovavanyo
2.1 Izixhobo zovavanyo
2.1.1 Isamente (C)
Uvavanyo lusebenzise "Shanshui Dongyue" uphawu PO. 42.5 Isamente.
2.1.2 Umgubo weMinerali (KF)
I-95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder esuka eShandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Bhabha uthuthu (FA)
I-grade II fly ash eveliswa nguJinan Huangtai Power Plant ikhethiwe, i-fineness (i-sieve eseleyo ye-459m ye-square hole sieve) yi-13%, kunye nomlinganiselo wemfuno yamanzi yi-96%.
2.1.4 Umsi weSilica (sF)
I-silica fume ithatha i-silica fume ye-Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ukuxinwa kwayo yi-2.59 / cm3; indawo ethile yomphezulu yi-17500m2/kg, kwaye i-avareji yesayizi yesuntswana yi-O. 1～0.39m, isalathisi somsebenzi we-28d yi-108%, umlinganiselo wemfuno yamanzi yi-120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex powder (JF)
Umgubo werabha wamkela i-Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (uhlobo lokubopha) ukusuka kwiGomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Iselulosi ether (CE)
I-CMC ithatha ibakala lokugquma i-CMC ukusuka kwi-Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., kwaye i-HPMC yamkele iindidi ezimbini ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose evela kwi-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Eminye imixube
I-heavy calcium carbonate, i-fiber yomthi, i-repellent yamanzi, i-calcium fomati, njl.
2.1,8 isanti yequartz
Isanti yequartz eyenziwe ngomatshini ithatha iintlobo ezine zokulunga: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh kunye ne-70.140 H, ubuninzi be-2650 kg / rn3, kunye nokuvutha kwe-stack yi-1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder (PC)
I-polycarboxylate powder ye-Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) yi-1J1030, kwaye izinga lokunciphisa amanzi li-30%.
2.1.10 Isanti (S)
Isanti ephakathi yeDawen River eTai'an isetyenziswa.
2.1.11 Umlinganiselo orhabaxa (G)
Sebenzisa iJinan Ganggou ukuvelisa i-5" ~ 25 ilitye elityumkileyo.
2.2 Indlela yokuvavanya
2.2.1 Indlela yokuvavanya ulwelo oluludaka
Izixhobo zovavanyo: NJ. I-160 yodidi lomxube wodaka lwesamente, eveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Iindlela zovavanyo kunye neziphumo zibalwa ngokwendlela yokuvavanya ukunyibilika kwencala yesamente kwiSihlomelo A se "GB 50119.2003 IiNkcazelo zobuGcisa zokuSebenzisa iMixtures yeConcrete" okanye ((i-GB/T8077--2000 Indlela yoVavanyo yeHomogeneousness yeConcrete Admixtures). ).
2.2.2 Indlela yokuvavanya ukumanzi kodaka olumanzi oluphezulu
Izixhobo zovavanyo: JJ. Uhlobo lwe-5 lomxube wodaka lwesamente, oluveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-2000B umatshini wovavanyo loxinzelelo lodaka, oveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B umatshini wovavanyo lokugoba udaka, oveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Indlela yokufumanisa i-Mortar fluidity isekelwe kwi-"JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials" kunye ne "GB 50119-2003 IiNkcazo zezoBuchwephesha zokuSebenzisa i-Concrete Admixtures" iSihlomelo A, ubukhulu be-cone die esetyenzisiweyo, ukuphakama yi-60mm. , i-diameter yangaphakathi ye-port ephezulu yi-70mm, i-diameter yangaphakathi ye-port ephantsi yi-100mm, kwaye i-diameter yangaphandle ye-port engezantsi yi-120mm, kwaye ubunzima obubomileyo bomdaka akufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-2000g ngexesha ngalinye.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity ezimbini kufuneka zithathe ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lezalathiso ezimbini ezithe nkqo njengesiphumo sokugqibela.
2.2.3 Indlela yokuvavanya ukomelela kokuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo
Izixhobo zovavanyo eziphambili: WDL. Uhlobo lwe-5 umatshini wokuvavanya umhlaba jikelele, oveliswe yi-Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Indlela yovavanyo yamandla ebhondi yokuqina iya kuphunyezwa ngokubhekisele kwiCandelo le-10 le-(JGJ/T70.2009 Standard yeendlela zoVavanyo lweePropati eziSisiseko zeNgxowa-mali yokwakha.
Isahluko 3. Impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kwintlama ecocekileyo kunye nodaka lwemathiriyeli yesamente yebhinari yeengxubevange zezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo.
Impembelelo yoLwali
Esi sahluko siphonononga ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-mineral blends ngokuvavanya inani elikhulu le-slurries ecocekileyo ye-sement-based slurries kunye ne-mortars kunye ne-binary cementitious system slurries kunye ne-mortars kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo kunye ne-fluidity yabo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwexesha. Umthetho wempembelelo yokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwemathiriyeli kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, kunye neempembelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyashwankathelwa kwaye zihlalutywe.
3.1 Isishwankathelo seprothokholi yovavanyo
Ngokujonga impembelelo ye-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yesamente ecocekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli yesamente, ubukhulu becala sifunda ngeendlela ezimbini:
1. i-puree. Ineenzuzo ze-intuition, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye iyona nto ifanelekileyo ukufumanisa ukulungelelaniswa kwe-admixtures efana ne-cellulose ether kwi-gelling material, kwaye ukungafani kuyabonakala.
2. Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu. Ukufikelela kwimo yokuqukuqela okuphakamileyo kukwakwenzelwa lula umlinganiselo kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Apha, ukulungelelaniswa kombuso wokuhamba kwereferensi kulawulwa ikakhulu yi-superplasticizers ephezulu yokusebenza. Ukunciphisa impazamo yovavanyo, sisebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi se-polycarboxylate esinokuguquguquka okubanzi kwisamente, ebuthathaka kubushushu, kwaye ubushushu bovavanyo kufuneka bulawuleke ngokungqongqo.
3.2 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kumanzi kwipaste yesamente ecocekileyo
3.2.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi epaste yesamente ecocekileyo.
Ijolise kwimpembelelo ye-cellulose ether kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo, i-slurry ye-samente ecocekileyo yenkqubo ye-cementitious yecandelo elilodwa yayisetyenziselwa kuqala ukujonga impembelelo. Esona salathisi sisalathiso apha samkela olona phawu lucacileyo lolwelo.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zithathwa njengezichaphazela ukuhamba:
1. Iindidi ze-cellulose ethers
2. Umxholo we-ether ye-cellulose
3. Ixesha lokuphumla elithambileyo
Apha, silungise umxholo wePC wepowder kwi-0.2%. Amaqela amathathu kunye namaqela amane ovavanyo asetyenzisiweyo kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, i-dosage ye-0%, i-O. 10%, i-O. 2%, ethi Og, 0.39, 0.69 (inani le-samente kuvavanyo ngalunye yi-3009). , kwi-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, oko kukuthi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi epaste yesamente ecocekileyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-CMC
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nexesha elifanayo lokuma, ngokwemiqathango yokuqala yamanzi, kunye nokongezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancinci; i-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure yehle kakhulu kunye nedosi, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure yeqela elingenanto. I-20mm inkulu kuneyokuqala (oku kunokubangelwa ukubuyiswa kwe-PC powder): -IJ, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane kwi-0.1% ye-dosage, kwaye iphinda inyuke kwakhona kwi-0.2% idosi.
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nedosi efanayo, i-fluidity yeqela elingenanto yayiyeyona inkulu kwisiqingatha seyure, kwaye yehla ngeyure enye (oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokuba emva kweyure enye, amaqhekeza e-samente abonakala ngakumbi kunye nokunamathela, i-inter-particle structure yaqala ukwenziwa, kwaye i-slurry yabonakala ngakumbi. i-fluidity yamaqela e-C1 kunye ne-C2 yehla kancinci kwisiqingatha seyure, ebonisa ukuba ukuxutywa kwamanzi kwe-CMC kunempembelelo ethile kurhulumente; ngelixa kumxholo we-C2, kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwiyure enye, ebonisa ukuba umxholo Umphumo wesiphumo sokubuyiswa kwe-CMC siphezulu.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Kungabonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-CMC, isiganeko sokukrazula siqala ukubonakala, esibonisa ukuba i-CMC inefuthe elithile ekwandiseni i-viscosity ye-cement paste, kunye nempembelelo yokungenisa umoya ye-CMC ibangela ukuveliswa kwemveliso. amaqamza omoya.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukusuka kwigrafu yomgca wefuthe lexesha lokuma kwi-fluidity, kunokubonwa ukuba i-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure inkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala kunye neyure enye, kunye nokwanda komxholo we-HPMC, umkhwa ubuthathaka. Ngokubanzi, ilahleko ye-fluidity ayikho enkulu, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okucacileyo kwi-slurry, kwaye inesiphumo esithile sokunciphisa.
Inokubonwa kuqwalaselo lokuba ubumanzi bunovakalelo olugqithisileyo kumxholo we-HPMC. Kuluhlu lovavanyo, umxholo omkhulu we-HPMC, ubuncinci ubumanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzalisa ukungunda kwecone ye-fluidity ngokwayo phantsi komthamo ofanayo wamanzi. Inokubonwa ukuba emva kokongeza i-HPMC, ilahleko ye-fluidity ebangelwa lixesha ayinkulu kwi-slurry ecocekileyo.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Iqela elingenanto linento yokopha, kwaye inokubonwa ukusuka kutshintsho olubukhali lwe-fluidity kunye nedosi yokuba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi anamandla kakhulu kunye nesiphumo esikhulayo kune-CMC, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni isiganeko esophayo. Amaqamza amakhulu omoya akufuneki aqondwe njengesiphumo sokungena emoyeni. Enyanisweni, emva kokunyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuselela awukwazi ukubethelwa kwiibhola ezincinci zomoya ngenxa yokuba i-slurry i-viscous kakhulu.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukususela kumgca wegrafu yempembelelo yomxholo we-HPMC (150,000) kwi-fluidity, impembelelo yokuguqulwa komxholo kwi-fluidity ibonakala ngakumbi kune-100,000 HPMC, ebonisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kuya kunciphisa. ubumanzi.
Ngokubhekiselele kuqwalaselo, ngokwendlela yonke yokutshintsha kwe-fluidity kunye nexesha, isiphumo seyure yesiqingatha se-HPMC (150,000) siyabonakala, ngelixa isiphumo se--4, sibi kakhulu kuneso se-HPMC (100,000) .
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Kwakusopha kwiqela elingenanto. Isizathu sokukrwela ipleyiti yayikukuba umlinganiselo wamanzi-samente wodaka olusezantsi lwaba luncinci emva kokopha, kwaye udaka lwaluxinene kwaye kunzima ukulukhuhla kwipleyiti yeglasi. Ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni into yokopha. Ngokunyuka komxholo, inani elincinci lamaqamza amancinci avele kuqala kwaye kwavela amaqamza amakhulu. Amaqamza amancinci abangelwa ikakhulu ngunobangela othile. Ngokufanayo, amaqamza amakhulu akufuneki aqondwe njengesiphumo sokungena emoyeni. Enyanisweni, emva kokunyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuselela i-viscous kakhulu kwaye awukwazi ukuphuphuma kwi-slurry.
3.3 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kubuninzi be-slurry ecocekileyo ye-multi-component cementitious materials
Eli candelo ikakhulu liphonononga isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwekhompawundi yee-admixtures ezininzi kunye ne-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose (i-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) kwi-fluidity ye-pulp.
Ngokufanayo, amaqela amathathu kunye namaqela amane ovavanyo asetyenzisiweyo kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwi-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo we-0%, 0.10%, kunye ne-0.2%, oko kukuthi 0g, 0.3g, kunye ne-0.6g (idosi yesamente yovavanyo ngalunye yi-300g). Kwi-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, oko kukuthi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Umxholo wePC wepowder ulawulwa kwi-0.2%.
I-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder kwi-admixture ye-mineral ithathelwa indawo ngumlinganiselo ofanayo wendlela yokuxuba yangaphakathi, kwaye amanqanaba okuxuba aphakathi kwe-10%, i-20% kunye ne-30%, oko kukuthi, inani lokutshintshwa ngu-30g, 60g kunye ne-90g. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela impembelelo yomsebenzi ophezulu, i-shrinkage, kunye nelizwe, umxholo we-silica fume ulawulwa kwi-3%, 6%, kunye ne-9%, oko kukuthi, 9g, 18g, kunye ne-27g.
3.3.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether ekumanzini koludaka olusulungekileyo lwemathiriyeli yesamente yokubini.
(1) Iskimu sovavanyo lokumanzi kwemathiriyeli yesamente yokubini exutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube eyohlukeneyo yezimbiwa.
(2) Isicwangciso sovavanyo lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious materials exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo.
(3) Iskimu sovavanyo lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious materials exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000) kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo.
3.3.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi amacandelo amaninzi e-cementitious materials.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry exutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube yeminerali eyahlukeneyo.
Inokubonwa kule nto ukuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwelo lokuqala lwe-slurry, kwaye luthande ukwandisa ngokunyuka komxholo we-fly ash. Ngelo xesha, xa umxholo we-CMC ukhula, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane, kwaye ukuhla okuphezulu ku-20mm.
Kungabonwa ukuba umbane wokuqala we-slurry ecocekileyo unokunyuswa kwi-dosage ephantsi ye-powder yamaminerali, kwaye ukuphuculwa kwe-fluidity akubonakali xa idosi ingaphezulu kwe-20%. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani le-CMC kwi-O. Kwi-1%, i-fluidity iphezulu.
Inokubonwa kule nto ukuba umxholo we-silica fume ngokubanzi unefuthe elibi kwi-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry. Kwangaxeshanye, i-CMC iphinde yanciphisa kancinane ubumanzi.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure zolulwelo lwezixhobo ezinyulu zesamente ezixutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Kungabonwa ukuba ukuphuculwa kolwelo lothuthu lwempukane kwisiqingatha seyure lusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwidosi ephantsi, kodwa kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba isondele kumda wokuhamba kodaka olusulungekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-CMC isenokuncipha okuncinci kumanzi.
Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba ngakumbi impukane uthuthu kuyingenelo ukulawula ilahleko fluidity ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kuya kubonakala kule nto ukuba inani elipheleleyo le-powder yamaminerali alinayo impembelelo embi ecacileyo kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure, kwaye isiqhelo asinamandla. Ngelo xesha, umphumo womxholo we-CMC kwi-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure awubonakali, kodwa ukuphuculwa kwe-20% yeqela le-mineral powder replacement group kubonakala ngokucacileyo.
Ingabonwa ukuba impembelelo embi ye-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nenani le-silica fume kwisiqingatha seyure ibonakala ngakumbi kuneyokuqala, ngakumbi umphumo kwi-6% ukuya kwi-9% ibonakala ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhla komxholo we-CMC kubuninzi be-fluidity malunga ne-30mm, enkulu kunokuncipha komxholo we-CMC ukuya ekuqaleni.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusuka koku, kunokubonwa ukuba umphumo wempukane uthuthu kumanzi ucacile, kodwa ifunyenwe kuvavanyo ukuba uthuthu lwempukane alunasiphumo esicacileyo sokuphucula ukopha. Ukongezelela, umphumo wokunciphisa we-HPMC kwi-fluidity ibonakala kakhulu (ingakumbi kuluhlu lwe-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15% ye-dosage ephezulu, ukuhla okuphezulu kunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-50mm).
Kuyabonakala ukuba i-powder yamaminerali inefuthe elincinci kwi-fluidity, kwaye ayiphuculi kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukongeza, isiphumo sokunciphisa i-HPMC kwi-fluidity ifikelela kwi-60mm kuluhlu lwe-0.1% ~ 0.15% yedosi ephezulu.
Ukusuka koku, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuncitshiswa kolwelo lomsi we-silica kubonakala ngakumbi kuluhlu lwedosi enkulu, kwaye ukongeza, umsi we-silica unesiphumo esicacileyo sokuphucula ukopha kuvavanyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-HPMC inefuthe elicacileyo ekucuthekeni kolwelo (ingakumbi kuluhlu lwedosi ephezulu (0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15%) Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphembelela ulwelo, i-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC zidlala indima ephambili, kwaye enye I-admixture isebenza njengohlengahlengiso oluncinci oluncedisayo.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngokubanzi, umphumo we-admixtures ezintathu kwi-fluidity ifana nexabiso lokuqala. Xa umsi we-silica uphezulu kwi-9% kunye nomxholo we-HPMC ngu-O. Kwimeko ye-15%, into eyenzekayo yokuba idatha ayinakuqokelelwa ngenxa yesimo esibi se-slurry kwakunzima ukuzalisa i-cone mold. , ebonisa ukuba i-viscosity ye-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC inyuke kakhulu kwiidosi eziphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CMC, i-viscosity eyandayo isiphumo se-HPMC ibonakala kakhulu.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusukela koku, kunokubonwa ukuba i-HPMC (150,000) kunye ne-HPMC (100,000) ineempembelelo ezifanayo kwi-slurry, kodwa i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokuncipha okukhulu kancinci kwi-fluidity, kodwa ayibonakali, ekufuneka inxulumene nokupheliswa. ye-HPMC. Isantya sinobudlelwane obuthile. Phakathi kwezixube, umphumo we-fly ash content kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ngokusisiseko i-linear kwaye ilungile, kwaye i-30% yomxholo inokunyusa i-fluidity nge-20,-,30mm; Impembelelo ayibonakali, kwaye umphumo wayo wokuphucula ekuphumeni kwegazi ulinganiselwe; nakwinqanaba ledosi encinci engaphantsi kwe-10%, umsi we-silica unempembelelo ecacileyo ekunciphiseni ukopha, kwaye indawo yayo ethile iphantse ibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunesamente. ulandelelwano lobungakanani, isiphumo sokufakwa kwayo kwamanzi ekuhambeni sibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngelizwi, kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ubumanzi be-slurry, idosi ye-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC yeyona nto iphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye kulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi, kucace ngakumbi, enye Isiphumo semixube sisesekondari kwaye sidlala indima yohlengahlengiso oluncedisayo.
Inxalenye yesithathu ishwankathela impembelelo ye-HPMC (i-150,000) kunye ne-admixtures kwi-fluidity ye-pulp ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure, esifana ngokubanzi nomthetho wempembelelo yexabiso lokuqala. Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukwanda kwe-fly ash kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure kubonakala kancinci kunokonyuka kwe-fluidity yokuqala, impembelelo ye-slag powder ayibonakali, kunye nefuthe le-silica fume content kwi-fluidity. isabonakala kakhulu. Ukongeza, ngokubhekiselele kumxholo we-HPMC, kukho izinto ezininzi ezingenakuthululwa kumxholo ophezulu, obonisa ukuba i-O. 15% idosi inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekunyuseni kwe-viscosity kunye nokunciphisa umbane, kunye ne-fluidity kwisiqingatha. iyure, xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lokuqala, iqela le-slag's O. I-fluidity ye-05% HPMC yehla ngokucacileyo.
Ngokumalunga nokulahleka kolwelo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukudityaniswa komsi we-silica kunempembelelo enkulu kuyo, ngakumbi kuba umsi we-silica unokulunga okukhulu, umsebenzi ophezulu, ukusabela okukhawulezayo, kunye nobuchule obunamandla bokufunxa ukufuma, okukhokelela kubuntununtunu. ubumanzi ukuya kwixesha lokuma. Ukuya.
3.4 Yenza ulinge ngesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo ene-high-fluidity mortar
3.4.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo
Sebenzisa udaka olumanzi oluphezulu ukujonga ifuthe lalo ekusebenzeni. Esona salathisi sisalathiso apha luvavanyo lwe-fluidity yeyure yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zithathwa njengezichaphazela ukuhamba:
1 iintlobo ze-cellulose ethers,
2 Umthamo we-cellulose ether,
3 Ixesha lokuma kodaka
3.4.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nocazululo lwefuthe le-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lolwelo lodaka lwesamente oluxutywe neCMC
Isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nexesha elifanayo lokuma, ngokwemiqathango yokuqala yamanzi, kunye nokongezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancinane, kwaye xa umxholo ufikelele ku-O. Kwi-15%, kukho ukuhla okucacileyo; uluhlu oluhlayo lwe-fluidity kunye nokunyuka komxholo kwisiqingatha seyure kufana nexabiso lokuqala.
2. Uphawu:
Xa sithetha ngethiyori, xa kuthelekiswa nodaka olucocekileyo, ukudityaniswa kweeaggregates eludaka kwenza kube lula ukuba amaqamza omoya afakwe eludaka, yaye isiphumo sokuvalela kwee-aggregates kwimibhobho yokopha kuya kwenza kube lula ukugcina amaqamza omoya okanye ukopha. Kwi-slurry, ngoko ke, umxholo we-bubble yomoya kunye nobukhulu bodaka kufuneka ube ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kunoludaka olucocekileyo. Kwelinye icala, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokwanda komxholo we-CMC, ukuncipha kwamanzi kuyancipha, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-CMC inesiphumo esithile sokuqina kudaka, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwesiqingatha seyure lubonisa ukuba amaqamza aphuphuma phezu komhlaba. ukwanda kancinci. , ekwabonakalisa kwakhona ukuhambelana okunyukayo, kwaye xa ukuhambelana kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, iibhubhu ziya kuba nzima ukugqithiswa, kwaye akukho zibhubhu ezicacileyo ziya kubonakala phezu komhlaba.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente oluxutywe ne-HPMC (100,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Inokubonwa kumzobo ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CMC, i-HPMC inefuthe eliqinileyo lokujiya. Isiphumo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono. Ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%, uluhlu lweenguqu ze-fluidity lubonakala ngakumbi, kwaye ukusuka kwi-O. Emva kwe-1%, akukho tshintsho lokuqala okanye lwesiqingatha seyure kwi-fluidity enkulu kakhulu.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Inokubonwa kwitheyibhile kunye nomfanekiso ukuba akukho maqamza kumaqela amabini e-Mh2 kunye ne-Mh3, ebonisa ukuba i-viscosity yamaqela amabini sele ikhulu kakhulu, ikhusela ukuphuphuma kwamaqamza kwi-slurry.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente olusulungekileyo oluxutywe ne-HPMC (150,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela aliqela ngexesha elifanayo lokuma, umkhwa jikelele kukuba zombini i-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure iyancipha ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, kwaye ukuncipha kubonakala ngakumbi kunoko kwe-HPMC kunye ne-viscosity ye-100,000, ebonisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC yenza ukuba inyuke. Umphumo wokuqina uqiniswa, kodwa kwi-O. Isiphumo sedosi engaphantsi kwe-05% ayicacanga, i-fluidity inotshintsho olukhulu kuluhlu lwe-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%, kwaye i-trend iphinda ibe kuluhlu lwe-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15%. Yehlisa isantya, okanye uyeke ukutshintsha. Ukuthelekisa ixabiso lelahleko ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure (i-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure fluidity) ye-HPMC ene-viscosities ezimbini, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokunciphisa ixabiso lelahleko, ebonisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokumisela isiphumo sokubuyiswa. ngcono kune-viscosity ephantsi.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni ukopha, ii-HPMC ezimbini zinokumahluko omncinci ekusebenzeni, zombini ezinokuthi zigcine ngokufanelekileyo amanzi kunye nokuqina, ziphelise iziphumo ezibi zokuphuma kwegazi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zivumele amaqamza ukuba aphuphume ngokufanelekileyo.
3.5 Uvavanyo malunga nefuthe le-cellulose ether ekumanzini kwe-high fluidity mortar yeesistim ezahlukeneyo ze-cementitious material.
3.5.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ethers kwi-fluidity ye-high-fluidity mortars ye-cementitious material systems.
Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu lusasetyenziswa ukujonga impembelelo yalo kumanzi. Ezona zalathisi zesalathiso kukuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ukubhaqwa kolwelo lodaka.
(1) Iskimu sovavanyo lodaka olumanzi kunye nezixhobo zesamente ezidibeneyo ezixutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo yezimbiwa.
2
3
3.5.2 Isiphumo se-cellulose ether ekumanzini kodaka olunolwelo oluphezulu kwisistim yemathiriyeli yesamente yebhinari yeengxubevange zezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lolwelo lodaka lwesamente oluxubene neCMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala fluidity, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukongezwa impukane ash kunokuphucula kancinane ulwelo lodaka; xa umxholo we-mineral powder u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci; kunye ne-silica fume inempembelelo enkulu kumanzi, ngakumbi kuluhlu lwe-6% ~ 9% yokwahluka komxholo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokuphuma kwamanzi malunga ne-90mm.
Kumaqela amabini empukane uthuthu kunye nomgubo wamaminerali, i-CMC inciphisa umbane wodaka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngelixa kwiqela le-silica fume, O. Ukwanda komxholo we-CMC ngaphezu kwe-1% akusayi kuchaphazela kakhulu umbane wodaka.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neCMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure, kunokugqitywa ukuba umphumo womxholo we-admixture kunye ne-CMC ufana nowokuqala, kodwa umxholo we-CMC kwiqela le-mineral powder litshintsha ukusuka kwi-O. O. Utshintsho lwe-2% lukhulu, kwi-30mm.
Ngokumalunga nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-fly ash inefuthe lokunciphisa ilahleko, ngelixa i-powder yamaminerali kunye ne-silica fume iya kwandisa ixabiso lokulahlekelwa phantsi kwe-dosage ephezulu. I-9% yedosi ye-silica fume yenza ukuba uvavanyo lokungunda lungazaliswa lulodwa. , i-fluidity ayinakulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity test ye-binary cementitious mortar exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neHPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Kusenokuqukunjelwa ngemifuniselo yokuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula kancinane ubumanzi bodaka; xa umxholo we-mineral powder u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci; Idosi inovakalelo kakhulu, kwaye iqela le-HPMC elinedosi ephezulu kwi-9% ineendawo ezifileyo, kwaye ulwelo luyanyamalala.
Umxholo we-cellulose ether kunye ne-silica fume nazo zezona zinto zicacileyo ezichaphazela ubumanzi bodaka. Isiphumo se-HPMC sikhulu ngokucacileyo kuneso se-CMC. Eminye imixube inokuphucula ukulahleka kolwelo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious mortar exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neHPMC (viscosity 150,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Kusenokuqukunjelwa ngemifuniselo yokuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula kancinane ubumanzi bodaka; xa umxholo we-powder wamaminerali u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci: i-silica fume isasebenza kakhulu ekuxazululeni i-phenomenon yokuphuma kwegazi, ngelixa i-Fluidity iyimpembelelo embi kakhulu, kodwa ingaphantsi kwempembelelo yayo kwi-slurries ecocekileyo. .
Inani elikhulu lamabala afileyo abonakala phantsi komxholo ophezulu we-cellulose ether (ingakumbi kwitheyibhile ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure), ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuchithwa kodaka, kunye nomgubo wezimbiwa kunye nothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula ilahleko. Ukuqukuqela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
3.5 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
1. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba
1. I-CMC ineziphumo ezithile zokulibaziseka kunye nokungenisa umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthathaka, kunye nelahleko ethile ekuhambeni kwexesha.
2. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwesiphumo se-HPMC kucacile, kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kurhulumente, kwaye i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka komxholo. Inomphumo othile wokungenisa umoya, kwaye ukuqina kuyabonakala. I-15% iya kubangela amaqamza amakhulu kwi-slurry, ebopheleleke ukuba ibe yingozi kumandla. Ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC, ilahleko exhomekeke kwixesha le-slurry fluidity yanda kancinane, kodwa ayicacanga.
2. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-slurry fluidity ye-binary gelling system ye-admixtures yamaminerali axutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba:
1. Umthetho wempembelelo ye-ethers ye-cellulose emithathu kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ye-binary cementitious system ye-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures ineempawu ezifanayo kunye nomthetho wempembelelo ye-fluidity ye-sement slurry ecocekileyo. I-CMC inefuthe elincinane ekulawuleni ukopha, kwaye inefuthe elibuthathaka ekunciphiseni ulwelo; iintlobo ezimbini ze-HPMC zinokwandisa i-viscosity yodaka kunye nokunciphisa uketshezi ngokubonakalayo, kwaye enye ene-viscosity ephezulu inesiphumo esicacileyo.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, i-fly ash ineqondo elithile lokuphucula kwi-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-slurry ecocekileyo, kwaye umxholo we-30% unokunyuswa malunga ne-30mm; umphumo wepowder yamaminerali kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo ayinakho rhoqo ngokucacileyo; I-silicon Nangona umxholo wothuthu uphantsi, u-ultra-fineness ekhethekileyo, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-adsorption eyomeleleyo yenza ukuba kunciphise kakhulu umbane we-slurry, ngakumbi xa i-0.15% ye-HPMC yongezwa, kuya kubakho i-cone molds engenakuzaliswa. Isiganeko.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ayibonakali, kwaye i-silica fume inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo inani lokuphuma kwegazi.
4. Ngokubhekiselele kwisiqingatha seyure yokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity, ixabiso lokulahleka kwe-fly ash lincinci, kwaye ixabiso lelahleko leqela elibandakanya i-silica fume likhulu.
5. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lomxholo, izinto ezichaphazela ukuchithwa kwe-slurry, umxholo we-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zezona zinto ziphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwamanzi, ngokucacileyo. Impembelelo yepowder yamaminerali kunye ne-powder yamaminerali yinto yesibini, kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
3. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente oluxutywe nee-ether ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba
1. Emva kokongeza i-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, i-phenomenon ephumayo yapheliswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye umbane wodaka ngokubanzi wehla. Ukuqina okuthile, isiphumo sokugcina amanzi. I-CMC ineziphumo ezithile zokulibaziseka kunye nokungenisa umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthathaka, kunye nelahleko ethile ekuhambeni kwexesha.
2. Emva kokongeza i-CMC, ukulahlekelwa kwe-mortar fluidity ekuhambeni kwexesha kuyanda, okunokuthi ngenxa yokuba i-CMC i-ionic cellulose ether, ekulula ukwenza imvula kunye ne-Ca2 + kwi-samente.
3. Ukuthelekiswa kwee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose kubonisa ukuba i-CMC inefuthe elincinane kwi-fluidity, kwaye iindidi ezimbini ze-HPMC zinciphisa kakhulu umbane wodaka kumxholo we-1/1000, kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu. ngokucacileyo.
4. Iindidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya, eya kubangela ukuba amaqamza angaphezulu aphuphume, kodwa xa umxholo we-HPMC ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, amaqamza ahlala kwi-bubbles. ludaka kwaye alunakuphuphuma.
5. Isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-HPMC sicacile, esinempembelelo enkulu kwimeko yomxube, kwaye i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka komxholo, kwaye ukuqina kuyabonakala.
4. Thelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwe-multiple mineral admixture binary cementitious materials ezixutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose.
Njengoko kunokubonwa:
1. Umthetho wempembelelo yee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose kwi-fluidity ye-multi-component cementitious material mortar iyafana nomthetho wempembelelo kumanzi odaka olucocekileyo. I-CMC inefuthe elincinane ekulawuleni ukopha, kwaye inefuthe elibuthathaka ekunciphiseni ulwelo; iindidi ezimbini ze-HPMC zinokwandisa i-viscosity yodaka kwaye zinciphise ubuninzi ngokubonakalayo, kwaye enye ene-viscosity ephezulu inesiphumo esicacileyo.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, i-fly ash ineqondo elithile lokuphucula kwi-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-slurry ecocekileyo; impembelelo ye-slag powder kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo ayinakho rhoqo ngokucacileyo; nangona umxholo we-silica fume uphantsi, i-ultra-fineness ekhethekileyo, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-adsorption enamandla yenza ukuba ibe nefuthe elikhulu lokunciphisa kwi-fluidity ye-slurry. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-paste ecocekileyo, kufumaniseka ukuba umphumo we-admixtures udla ngokuba buthathaka.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ayibonakali, kwaye i-silica fume inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo inani lokuphuma kwegazi.
4. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ukuguquguquka kodaka, idosi ye-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zezona zinto ziphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye kulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi, kungaphezulu. ngokucacileyo, i-silica fume 9% Xa umxholo we-HPMC yi-0.15%, kulula ukubangela ukuba ukubunjwa kokugcwalisa kube nzima ukuzalisa, kwaye impembelelo yezinye i-admixtures yesibini kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
5. Kuya kubakho amaqamza phezu komphezulu wodaka kunye nolwelo olungaphezulu kwe-250mm, kodwa iqela elingenanto ngaphandle kwe-ether ye-cellulose ngokubanzi ayinamaqamza okanye inani elincinci kakhulu lamaqamza, ebonisa ukuba i-ether cellulose inomoya othile wokungenisa umoya. isiphumo kwaye yenza i-slurry viscous. Ukongeza, ngenxa ye-viscosity egqithisileyo yodaka olunodaka olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuba amaqamza omoya adada ngaphezulu ngenxa yesiphumo sobunzima bomzimba we-slurry, kodwa igcinwe eludaka, kwaye impembelelo yayo kumandla ayinakuba. ingahoywa.
Isahluko 4 Iimpembelelo zeCellulose Ethers kwiiPropati zeMechanical of Mortar
Isahluko esidlulileyo sifunde umphumo wokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity. Esi sahluko ikakhulu sihlalutya usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo lwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures eyahlukeneyo kwi-high fluidity mortar kunye nefuthe loxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kokuqina kokubambisana kodaka oludibeneyo kunye ne-cellulose ether kunye neeminerali. imixube ikwashwankathelwa kwaye ihlalutywe.
Ngokutsho kophando malunga nokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kwizinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ye-paste ecocekileyo kunye nodaka kwiSahluko 3, kwinkalo yokuvavanya amandla, umxholo we-cellulose ether ngu-0.1%.
4.1 Uvavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural yodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity
Amandla acinezelayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-admixtures yeminerali kunye ne-cellulose ethers kwi-high-fluidity infusion mortar yaphandwa.
4.1.1 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo kumandla oxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka kwesamente ecocekileyo esekwe kwisamente ephezulu emanzi
Umphumo weentlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kwi-compressive and flexural properties of pure cement-based high-fluid mortar kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kumxholo oqingqiweyo we-0.1% wenziwa apha.
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwamandla: Ngokubhekiselele kumandla e-flexural, i-CMC inempembelelo ethile yokomeleza, ngelixa i-HPMC inesiphumo esithile sokunciphisa; ngokubhekiselele kumandla oxinzelelo, ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunomthetho ofanayo kunye namandla okuguquguquka; i-viscosity ye-HPMC ichaphazela amandla amabini. Inempembelelo encinci: ngokwemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo, zonke ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150,000 inesiphumo esicacileyo.
(2) Iziphumo zokuthelekisa amandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe
Uhlalutyo lwamandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe: Ngokubhekiselele kumandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo, kukho umthetho ofanayo kumandla eentsuku ezintathu. Xa kuthelekiswa noxinzelelo lweentsuku ezintathu-uxinzelelo, kukho ukunyuka okuncinci kumandla oxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthelekiswa kwedatha yexesha elifanayo leminyaka kunokubona umphumo we-HPMC ekunciphiseni umlinganiselo woxinzelelo. ngokucacileyo.
(3) Iziphumo zokuthelekisa amandla eentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo
Uhlalutyo lwamandla eentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo: Ngokumalunga namandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo, kukho imithetho efanayo kumandla eentsuku ezintathu. Amandla e-flexural akhula ngokucothayo, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo ayanda ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Uthelekiso lwedatha yexesha elifanayo lobudala lubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inempembelelo ecacileyo ngakumbi ekuphuculeni umlinganiselo wokugoba.
Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwamandla eli candelo, kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuphuculwa kwe-brittleness yodaka kukhawulelwe yi-CMC, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa-ukugoba unyukile, okwenza udaka lube lukhuni ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, ekubeni isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi siqheleke ngakumbi kuneso se-HPMC, i-ether ye-cellulose esiyiqwalaselayo kuvavanyo lwamandla apha yi-HPMC yee-viscosities ezimbini. Nangona i-HPMC inefuthe elithile ekunciphiseni amandla (ingakumbi amandla okuqala), kunenzuzo ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-refraction, oluncedo kubunzima bodaka. Ukongeza, idityaniswe nezinto ezichaphazela ubumanzi kwiSahluko 3, kwisifundo sokudityaniswa kwe-admixtures kunye ne-CE Kuvavanyo lwesiphumo, siya kusebenzisa i-HPMC (100,000) njenge-CE ehambelanayo.
4.1.2 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye namandla athambileyo we-mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Ngokovavanyo lwe-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka oluxutywe kunye nemixube kwisahluko sangaphambili, kunokubonwa ukuba ukumanzi kwe-silica fume kuyancipha ngokucacileyo ngenxa yemfuno enkulu yamanzi, nangona inokuthi iphucule ingxinano kunye namandla umlinganiselo othile. , ngakumbi amandla oxinzelelo, kodwa kulula ukubangela ukuba umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-to-fold ratio ube mkhulu kakhulu, okwenza ukuba i-mortar brittleness ibe yinto ephawulekayo, kwaye kuvumelana ukuba i-silica fume yandisa ukucutheka kodaka. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-skeleton shrinkage ye-coarse aggregate, ixabiso le-shrinkage yodaka likhulu ngokumalunga nekhonkrithi. Udaka (ingakumbi udaka olukhethekileyo olufana nodaka olubophayo kunye nodaka lokutyabeka), owona monakalo mkhulu udla ngokushwabana. Kwiintanda ezibangelwa kukulahleka kwamanzi, amandla kaninzi ayingowona mba ubalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, i-silica fume yalahlwa njenge-admixture, kwaye kuphela i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlola umphumo wesiphumo sayo esidibeneyo kunye ne-cellulose ether kumandla.
4.1.2.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwamandla olucinezelayo kunye ne-flexural yodaka olumanzi oluphezulu
Kulo vavanyo, umlinganiselo womdaka kwi-4.1.1 usetyenzisiwe, kwaye umxholo we-cellulose ether wawulungiswe kwi-0.1% kwaye uthelekiswa neqela elingenanto. Inqanaba ledosi yovavanyo lwe-admixture yi-0%, 10%, 20% kunye ne-30%.
4.1.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural kunye nohlalutyo lodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity
Inokubonwa kwixabiso lovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo ukuba amandla oxinzelelo lwe-3d emva kokongeza i-HPMC imalunga ne-5/VIPa esezantsi kuneqela elingenanto. Ngokubanzi, ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixture eyongeziweyo, amandla oxinzelelo abonisa ukuhla komgangatho. . Ngokumalunga ne-admixtures, amandla eqela le-mineral powder ngaphandle kwe-HPMC iyona nto ibhetele, ngelixa amandla eqela le-fly ash lingaphantsi kancinane kuneqela le-mineral powder, ebonisa ukuba i-mineral powder ayisebenzi njengesamente, kwaye ukufakwa kwayo kuya kunciphisa kancinci amandla okuqala enkqubo. Uthuthu lwempukane olunemisebenzi ephantsi lunciphisa amandla ngokucacileyo. Isizathu sokuhlalutya kufuneka ukuba i-fly ash ithatha inxaxheba ikakhulu kwi-hydration yesibini ye-samente, kwaye ayinagalelo kakhulu kumandla okuqala omdaka.
Inokubonwa kwimilinganiselo yokuvavanya amandla okuguquguqukayo ukuba i-HPMC isenempembelelo embi kumandla we-flexural, kodwa xa umxholo we-admixture uphezulu, into yokunciphisa amandla e-flexural ayisabonakali. Isizathu sinokuba sisiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-HPMC. Izinga lokulahleka kwamanzi kumphezulu webhloko yovavanyo lodaka liyancipha, kwaye amanzi okuhambisa amanzi anele ngokwaneleyo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-admixtures, amandla okuguquguquka abonisa ukuhla kwenyuka kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-admixture, kwaye amandla aguquguqukayo eqela le-mineral powder liphinde libe lincinci kuneqela le-fly ash, ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-mineral powder. inkulu kunothuthu lwempukane.
Inokubonwa kwixabiso elibaliweyo le-compression-reduction ratio ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kuya kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka komdaka, kodwa ngokwenene ngeendleko zokunciphisa okukhulu kumandla oxinzelelo.
Ngokumalunga ne-admixtures, njengoko inani le-admixture linyuka, i-compression-fold ratio ivame ukunyuka, ebonisa ukuba i-admixture ayihambisani nokuguquguquka komdaka. Ukongeza, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba i-compression-fold ratio yodaka ngaphandle kwe-HPMC iyanda kunye nokongezwa kwe-admixture. Ukonyuka kukhulu kancinane, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inokuphucula i-embrittlement yodaka olubangelwa ukongezwa kwe-admixtures ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
Ingabonwa ukuba kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-7d, imiphumo emibi ye-admixtures ayibonakali. Amaxabiso amandla oxinzelelo aphantse afane kwinqanaba ngalinye ledosi ye-admixture, kwaye i-HPMC isenayo into engalunganga ecacileyo kumandla oxinzelelo. isiphumo.
Ingabonwa ukuba ngokwemiqathango yamandla e-flexural, i-admixture inefuthe elibi kwi-7d ukumelana ne-flexural ngokubanzi, kwaye kuphela iqela le-powders yamaminerali lenze ngcono, ngokusisiseko ligcinwe kwi-11-12MPa.
Ingabonwa ukuba i-admixture inefuthe elibi ngokubhekiselele kwi-indentation ratio. Ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixture, i-indentation ratio iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, oko kukuthi, i-mortar i-brittle. I-HPMC inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukonakala kodaka.
Kuyabonakala ukuba ukusuka kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-28d, i-admixture idlale isiphumo esiluncedo ngakumbi kumandla kamva, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo anyuswe yi-3-5MPa, eyona nto ibangelwa yimpembelelo yokuzaliswa kwe-micro-admixture. kunye ne-pozzolanic substance. Isiphumo sesibini se-hydration sezinto eziphathekayo, kwelinye icala, sinokusebenzisa kwaye sidle i-calcium hydroxide eveliswa yi-cement hydration (i-calcium hydroxide sisigaba esibuthathaka kumdaka, kwaye ukutyetyiswa kwayo kwi-interface transition zone kuyonakalisa amandla), Ukuvelisa ngaphezulu Iimveliso zokugalela amanzi, kwelinye icala, zikhuthaza iqondo lokugalelwa kwesamente kwaye zenze udaka lube xinene ngakumbi. I-HPMC isenesiphumo esibi kakhulu kumandla oxinzelelo, kwaye amandla abuthathaka anokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-10MPa. Ukuhlalutya izizathu, i-HPMC yazisa inani elithile lamaqamza omoya kwinkqubo yokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukubumbana komzimba wodaka. Esi sesinye isizathu. HPMC lula adsorbed kumphezulu amasuntswana eqinileyo ukwenza ifilimu, ukuthintela inkqubo hydration, kwaye ujongano transition zone buthathaka, nto leyo engabangeli amandla.
Ingabonwa ukuba ngokwemigaqo ye-28d yamandla e-flexural, idatha ine-dispersion enkulu kunamandla oxinzelelo, kodwa umphumo ombi we-HPMC usenokubonakala.
Ingabonwa ukuba, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa, i-HPMC inenzuzo ngokubanzi ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kodaka. Kwiqela elinye, ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixtures, i-compression-refraction ratio yanda. Uhlalutyo lwezizathu lubonisa ukuba i-admixture inokuphucuka okucacileyo kumandla oxinzelelo kamva, kodwa ukuphuculwa okuncinci kumandla okuguquka kamva, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-refraction. ukuphuculwa.
4.2 Iimvavanyo zamandla ezicinezelayo kunye ne-flexural zodaka oludibeneyo
Ukuze uhlolisise impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixture kwi-compressive and flexural force of bonded mortar, uvavanyo lugxininise umxholo we-cellulose ether HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) njenge-0.30% yobunzima obomileyo bomdaka. kwaye kuthelekiswa neqela elingenanto.
I-Admixtures (i-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder) isavavanywa kwi-0%, i-10%, i-20%, kunye ne-30%.
4.2.1 Isikimu sovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural yodaka oludityanisiweyo
4.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwempembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo lokuba i-HPMC ngokucacileyo ayithandeki ngokwemigaqo ye-28d yamandla oxinzelelo lwe-bonding mortar, eya kubangela ukuba amandla ehle malunga ne-5MPa, kodwa isalathisi esiphambili sokugweba umgangatho wodaka olubophezelayo ayisiyiyo. amandla oxinzelelo, ngoko kuyamkeleka; Xa umxholo wekhompawundi uyi-20%, amandla oxinzelelo afanelekile.
Ingabonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ngokwembono yamandla e-flexural, ukunciphisa amandla okubangelwa yi-HPMC akukhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba udaka oludityanisiweyo lunolwelo olulambathayo kunye neempawu zeplastiki ezicacileyo xa kuthelekiswa nodaka olunolwelo oluphezulu. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zokutyibilika kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ezinye zeziphumo ezibi zokungenisa igesi ukunciphisa ukubumbana kunye nokudibanisa buthathaka; i-admixtures ayinayo impembelelo ecacileyo kumandla aguquguqukayo, kwaye idatha yeqela le-fly ash iyaguquguquka kancinane.
Inokubonwa kwiimvavanyo ukuba, ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ngokubanzi, ukwanda komxholo we-admixture kwandisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ongathandekiyo kukuqina komdaka; I-HPMC inefuthe elihle, elinokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngo-O. 5 apha ngasentla, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba, ngokutsho "JG 149.2003 Ibhodi yePolystyrene eyandisiweyo yeBhodi ye-Thin Plaster yangaphandle ye-Wall Insulation System", akukho mfuneko inyanzelekileyo. kuba umlinganiselo wocinezelo-ukusongwa kwisalathiso sokubhaqa sodaka lokudityaniswa, kunye nomlinganiselo wokucinezela-ukusonga ubukhulu becala Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kodaka lokutyabeka, kwaye esi salathiso sisetyenziswa kuphela njengesalathiso sokuguquguquka kwebhondi. udaka.
4.3 UVavanyo lwaMandla oQhagamshelwano lwe-Bonding Mortar
Ukuze uphonononge umthetho wempembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixture kumandla ebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, bhekisa kwi "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" kunye ne "JG 149.2003 Eyandisiweyo yeBhodi yePolystyrene eNcinciweyo yokuPlastering yaNgaphandle kweendonga" System", siqhube uvavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi, sisebenzisa i-bonding mortar ratio kwiThebhile 4.2.1, kunye nokulungisa umxholo we-cellulose ether HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) ukuya kwi-0 yobunzima obomileyo bodaka .30% , kwaye xa kuthelekiswa neqela elingenanto.
I-Admixtures (i-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder) isavavanywa kwi-0%, i-10%, i-20%, kunye ne-30%.
4.3.1 Isikimu sovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
4.3.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
(1) Iziphumo ze-14d zovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi kunye nodaka lwesamente
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo lokuba amaqela adityaniswe ne-HPMC angcono kakhulu kuneqela elingenanto, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inenzuzo kumandla okudibanisa, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-HPMC sikhusela amanzi kwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nodaka. ibhloko yovavanyo lodaka lwesamente. Udaka oludityanisiweyo kwi-interface lunamanzi ngokupheleleyo, ngaloo ndlela lunyusa amandla ebhondi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-admixtures, amandla ebhondi aphakamileyo kwidosi ye-10%, kwaye nangona idigri ye-hydration kunye nesantya se-samente inokuphuculwa kwi-dosage ephezulu, iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba le-hydration ye-cementitious. izinto eziphathekayo, ngaloo ndlela kubangela ukuncamathelisa. ukunciphisa amandla amaqhina.
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ngokwexabiso lovavanyo lobungakanani bexesha lokusebenza, idatha ayicacanga, kwaye i-admixture inesiphumo esincinci, kodwa ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bokuqala, kukho ukuhla okuthile, kwaye ukuhla kwe-HPMC kuncinci kunelo qela elingenanto, ebonisa ukuba Kugqitywe ukuba umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-HPMC unenzuzo ekunciphiseni ukusabalalisa kwamanzi, ukwenzela ukuba ukuncipha kwamandla ebhondi yodaka kuncipha emva kwe-2.5h.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-14d bond amandla odaka lwebhondi kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene eyandisiweyo
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ixabiso lovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi phakathi kodaka oludityanisiweyo kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene icace ngakumbi. Ngokubanzi, kunokubonwa ukuba iqela elixutywe ne-HPMC lisebenza ngakumbi kuneqela elingenanto ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono. Ewe, ukufakwa kwee-admixtures kunciphisa ukuzinza kovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi.
4.4 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
1. Ngodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, kunye nokwanda kweminyaka, umlinganiselo we-compressive-fold ratio unokunyusa; ukudityaniswa kwe-HPMC kunesiphumo esicacileyo sokunciphisa amandla (ukuncipha kwamandla oxinzelelo kubonakala ngakumbi), okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umlinganiselo wokugoqa, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inoncedo olucacileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqina kodaka. . Ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ezintathu, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ingenza igalelo elincinci kumandla kwi-10%, ngelixa amandla ehla kwi-dosage ephezulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wokutyumza uyanda ngokunyuka kwe-admixtures yamaminerali; kumandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe, Imixube emibini inefuthe elincinane kumandla, kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo sokunciphisa amandla othuthu lwempukane isabonakala; ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ze-28, i-admixtures ezimbini ziye zafaka isandla kumandla, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla. Zombini zonyuswe kancinci, kodwa umyinge woxinzelelo-fold uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo.
2. Kwi-28d yoxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo, xa umxholo we-admixture u-20%, i-compressive and flexural power performance ingcono, kwaye i-admixture isakhokelela ekunyuseni okuncinci kwi-compressive-fold ratio, ebonisa i-Adverse yayo. impembelelo kukuqina kodaka; I-HPMC ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okubalulekileyo kwamandla, kodwa inokunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa-ukuphinda-phinda.
3. Ngokubhekiselele kukuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, i-HPMC inefuthe elithile elincomekayo kukuqina kwebhondi. Uhlalutyo lufanele lube kukuba umphumo walo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahleka komswakama wodaka kwaye uqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okwaneleyo; Ubudlelwane phakathi komxholo womxube abukho rhoqo, kwaye ukusebenza ngokubanzi kubhetele ngodaka lwesamente xa umxholo u-10%.
Isahluko sesi-5 iNdlela yokuQikelela amandla okuNxinzelela ngodaka kunye neNkonkrithi
Kwesi sahluko, indlela yokuqikelela amandla ezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ngokusekelwe kwi-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixture kunye ne-FERET ithiyori yamandla. Okokuqala sicinga ngodaka njengohlobo olukhethekileyo lwekhonkrithi ngaphandle kwee-aggregates ezirhabaxa.
Kuyaziwa ukuba amandla oxinzelelo luphawu olubalulekileyo lwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente (ikhonkrithi kunye nodaka) ezisetyenziswe njengezinto zokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezinempembelelo, akukho modeli yezibalo enokuthi iqikelele ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bayo. Oku kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile kuyilo, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi. Iimodeli ezikhoyo zamandla ekhonkrithi zineenzuzo zazo kunye nokungalunganga: ezinye ziqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi ngokusebenzisa i-porosity yekhonkrithi ukusuka kwindawo eqhelekileyo yokujonga i-porosity yezinto eziqinileyo; ezinye zijolise kwimpembelelo yobudlelwane bomlinganiselo wamanzi-binder kumandla. Eli phepha ikakhulu lidibanisa i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-pozzolanic admixture kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, kwaye lenza uphuculo oluthile ukwenza ukuba ichaneke ngakumbi ukuqikelela amandla oxinzelelo.
5.1 Ithiyori yaMandla kaFeret
Ngo-1892, uFeret waseka imodeli yokuqala yezibalo yokuqikelela amandla acinezelayo. Phantsi kwesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada enikiweyo, ifomula yokuqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi iyacetywa okokuqala.
Inzuzo yale fomula kukuba i-grout concentration, ehambelana namandla ekhonkrithi, inentsingiselo ecacileyo yomzimba. Ngelo xesha, impembelelo yomxholo womoya ithathelwa ingqalelo, kwaye ukuchaneka kwefomula kunokubonakaliswa ngokomzimba. Ingqiqo yale fomyula kukuba ichaza ulwazi lokuba kukho umda kumandla okhonkrithi onokufumaneka. Ukungalungi kukuba iyayihoya impembelelo ye-aggregate ye-particle size, i-particle shape kunye ne-aggregate type. Xa kuqikelelwa amandla ekhonkrithi kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo ngokuhlengahlengisa ixabiso le-K, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ahlukeneyo kunye nobudala bubonakaliswa njengeseti yokwahlukana ngemvelaphi yolungelelwaniso. Ijika alihambelani nemeko yangempela (ingakumbi xa ixesha lide). Ngokuqinisekileyo, le fomula ecetywayo nguFeret yenzelwe udaka lwe-10.20MPa. Ayinakukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokupheleleyo nokuphuculwa kokuqina koxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi kunye neempembelelo zokwanda kwamacandelo ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yekhonkrithi yodaka.
Kuthathwa apha ukuba amandla ekhonkrithi (ingakumbi kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo) ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumandla odaka lwesamente kwikhonkrithi, kunye namandla odaka lwesamente kuxhomekeke kubuninzi bentlama yesamente, oko kukuthi, ipesenti yevolumu. wemathiriyeli yesamente kwintlama.
Ithiyori inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nefuthe le-void ratio factor kumandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ithiyori ibekwe ngaphambili, impembelelo ye-admixture components kumandla ekhonkrithi ayizange iqwalaselwe. Ngenxa yoku, eli phepha liza kwazisa i-coefficient yempembelelo ye-admixture esekelwe kwi-coefficient yomsebenzi wokulungisa inxalenye. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngesiseko sale fomula, i-coefficient yempembelelo ye-porosity kumandla ekhonkrithi iyakhiwa kwakhona.
5.2 I-coefficient yomsebenzi
I-coefficient yomsebenzi, i-Kp, isetyenziselwa ukuchaza umphumo wezinto ze-pozzolanic kumandla oxinzelelo. Ngokucacileyo, kuxhomekeke kubume bezinto ze-pozzolanic ngokwazo, kodwa nakwiminyaka yekhonkrithi. Umgaqo-siseko wokumisela i-coefficient yomsebenzi kukuthelekisa amandla oxinzelelo lodaka oluqhelekileyo kunye namandla oxinzelelo lomnye udaka kunye ne-admixtures ye-pozzolanic kunye nokutshintshwa kwesamente ngomlinganiselo ofanayo womgangatho wesamente (ilizwe p luvavanyo lomlinganiso womsebenzi. Sebenzisa i-surrogate. iipesenti). Umlinganiselo wobu bunzima bumbini ubizwa ngokuba yi-coefficient yomsebenzi we-FO), apho u-t iyiminyaka yodaka ngexesha lovavanyo. Ukuba i-fO) ingaphantsi kwe-1, umsebenzi we-pozzolan ungaphantsi kwe-samente r. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba i-fO) inkulu kuno-1, i-pozzolan inomsebenzi ophezulu wokuphinda usebenze (oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa i-silica fume yongezwa).
Ngomsebenzi oqhelekileyo osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-28-day compressive force, ngokutsho ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder esetyenziswa kwisamente kunye nekhonkrithi) H90, i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-granulated blast furnace slag powder ikwi-samente eqhelekileyo yodaka Umlinganiselo wamandla. efunyenwe ngokutshintsha i-50% yesamente ngesiseko sovavanyo ngokutsho ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash esetyenziswe kwisamente kunye nekhonkrithi), i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-fly ash ifunyenwe emva kokutshintshwa kwe-30% yesamente ngesiseko sodaka oluqhelekileyo lwesamente; uvavanyo Ngokwe "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-silica fume ngumlinganiselo wamandla ofunyenwe ngokutshintshela i-10% yesamente ngesiseko sovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lodaka lwesamente.
Ngokubanzi, igranulated blast furnace slag powder Kp=0.95～1.10, fly ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Sicinga ukuba umphumo walo kumandla uzimele kwisamente. Oko kukuthi, indlela yokwenza i-pozzolanic reaction kufuneka ilawulwe ngokusebenza kwakhona kwe-pozzolan, kungekhona ngesantya se-lime precipitation ye-cement hydration.
5.3 Impembelelo ye-coefficient ye-admixture kumandla
5.4 Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumandla
5.5 Impembelelo ye-coefficient ye-aggregate composition kumandla
Ngokweembono zonjingalwazi PK Mehta kunye nePC Aitcin eUnited States, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla iipropati HPC ngaxeshanye, umlinganiselo umthamo wesamente ludaka ukuba aggregate kufuneka 35:65 [4810] Ngenxa yokuba. yeplastiki jikelele kunye fluidity Isixa esipheleleyo se-aggregate yekhonkrithi ayitshintshi kakhulu. Logama nje amandla esiseko semathiriyeli edibeneyo ngokwawo ehlangabezana neemfuno zenkcazo, impembelelo yesixa esipheleleyo se-aggregate kumandla ayihoywa, kwaye iqhezu elihlanganisiweyo lilonke linokumiselwa ngaphakathi kwe-60-70% ngokweemfuno zokuhla. .
Kukholelwa ukuba umlinganiselo we-coarse kunye ne-fine aggregates uya kuba nefuthe elithile kumandla ekhonkrithi. Njengoko sonke sisazi, elona candelo libuthathaka kwikhonkrithi yindawo yenguqu yojongano phakathi kweaggregate kunye nesamente kunye nezinye iipaste zesamente. Ngoko ke, ukungaphumeleli kokugqibela kwekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo kubangelwa umonakalo wokuqala wendawo yenguqu ye-interface phantsi koxinzelelo olubangelwa yizinto ezifana nomthwalo okanye utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa. kubangelwa ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweentanda. Ke ngoko, xa idigri ye-hydration ifana, ubukhulu bendawo yotshintsho yojongano, kokukhona kulula ukuqhekeka kokuqala kuya kuphuhla kube lude lokuqhekeka emva koxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Oko kukuthi, okukhona iiaggregates ezirhabaxa ezinemilo yejometri eqhelekileyo kunye nezikali ezikhulu kwindawo yenguqu yojongano, kokukhona uxinzelelo olukhulu olunokwenzeka lokuqhekeka kokuqala, kunye nokubonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo ukuba amandla ekhonkrithi ayanda ngokunyuka komdibaniso orhabaxa. umlinganiselo. kuncitshisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, le ngongoma ingasentla yeyokuba kufuneka ibe yintlabathi ephakathi enodaka oluncinci kakhulu.
Umlinganiselo wesanti nawo unempembelelo ethile ekuweni. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo wesanti unokumiselwa kwangaphambili ngeemfuno zokudilika, kwaye unokumiselwa ngaphakathi kwe-32% ukuya kwi-46% yekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.
Ubungakanani kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-admixtures kunye ne-mineral admixtures zichongwa ngumxube welingo. Kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo, inani le-mineral admixture kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-40%, ngelixa kwikhonkrithi ephezulu, i-silica fume akufanele idlule i-10%. Umthamo wesamente akufanele ube mkhulu kune-500kg/m3.
5.6 Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokuqikelela ukukhokela umzekelo wokubala wemixube
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zezi zilandelayo:
Isamente yi-E042.5 yesamente eveliswe yiLubi Cement Factory, kwisiXeko saseLaiwu, kwiPhondo laseShandong, kwaye ukuxinana kwayo yi-3.19/cm3;
I-fly ash yi-grade II ball ash eveliswa nguJinan Huangtai Power Plant, kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi wayo ngu-O. 828, ubuninzi bayo yi-2.59 / cm3;
I-silica fume eveliswa ngu-Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ine-coefficient yomsebenzi we-1.10 kunye nobuninzi be-2.59 / cm3;
Isanti yomlambo eyomileyo yaseTaian inoxinano lwe-2.6 g/cm3, ubuninzi bobuninzi be-1480kg/m3, kunye ne-fineness modulus ye-Mx=2.8;
UJinan Ganggou uvelisa i-5-'25mm ilitye elomileyo elomileyo elinobuninzi be-1500kg / m3 kunye nobuninzi malunga ne-2.7∥cm3;
I-agent yokunciphisa amanzi esetyenzisiweyo yi-self-made aliphatic ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi, kunye nesantya sokunciphisa amanzi kwi-20%; idosi ethile imiselwa ngokomfuniselo ngokweemfuno zokuthotywa. Ukulungiswa kovavanyo lwekhonkrithi yeC30, i-slump iyadingeka ukuba ibe mkhulu kune-90mm.
1. amandla okuqulunqa
2. umgangatho wesanti
3. Ukumiselwa kwemiba yempembelelo yoBunzulu ngabunye
4. Cela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
5. I-dosage ye-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ihlengahlengiswa ngokwemfuno ye-slump. Idosi yi-1%, kwaye i-Ma=4kg yongezwa kubunzima.
6. Ngale ndlela, umlinganiselo wokubala ufunyenwe
7. Emva kokuxutywa kwesilingo, kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokudilika. Umlinganiselo we-28d amandla oxinzelelo yi-39.32MPa, ehlangabezana neemfuno.
5.7 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
Kwimeko yokungahoyi ukusebenzisana kwe-admixtures I no-F, siye saxoxa nge-coefficient yomsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, kwaye safumana impembelelo yezinto ezininzi kumandla ekhonkrithi:
1 Concrete admixture ifuthe i-coefficient
2 Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
3 I-Coefficient yempembelelo ye-aggregate yokwakheka
4 Uthelekiso lokwenene. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuba indlela ye-28d yoqikelelo lwamandla ekhonkrithi ephuculwe ngumlinganiso womsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret iyavumelana kakuhle nemeko eyiyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukulungiswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
Isahluko 6 Isiphelo kunye neNkalo
6.1 Izigqibo eziphambili
Inxalenye yokuqala ithelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo oluludaka olucocekileyo kunye noludaka lwemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezixutywe neendidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers, kwaye ifumana le mithetho iphambili ilandelayo:
1. I-ether ye-cellulose ineempembelelo ezithile zokubuyiswa kunye ne-air-entraining. Phakathi kwabo, i-CMC inempembelelo yokugcina amanzi ebuthathaka kwidosi ephantsi, kwaye inelahleko ethile ngokuhamba kwexesha; ngelixa i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okubalulekileyo kunye nesiphumo sokuqina, esinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubuninzi be-pulp ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, kwaye Isiphumo sokutyeba se-HPMC esine-viscosity ephezulu yegama sibonakala kancinane.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, ulwelo lokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-fly ash kwi-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka luye lwaphuculwa kwinqanaba elithile. Umxholo we-30% wovavanyo olucocekileyo lwe-slurry unokunyuswa malunga ne-30mm; i-fluidity ye powder yamaminerali kwi-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nomdaka Akukho mgaqo ocacileyo wempembelelo; nangona umxholo we-silica umsi uphantsi, ukulunga kwayo okukodwa kwe-ultra-fineness, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo lokunciphisa ulwelo lwe-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, ngakumbi xa ixutywe ne-0.15 Xa% HPMC, kuya kubakho into yokuba i-cone iyafa ayinakuzaliswa. Xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-slurry ecocekileyo, kufunyenwe ukuba umphumo we-admixture kuvavanyo lomdaka udla ngokuba buthathaka. Ngokumalunga nokulawula ukopha, uthuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo wamaminerali azibonakali. Umsi we-silica unokunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokuphuma kwegazi, kodwa awuhambisani nokunciphisa umbane wodaka kunye nokulahleka kwexesha, kwaye kulula ukunciphisa ixesha lokusebenza.
3. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lotshintsho lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ukuguquguquka kwe-samente-based slurry, idosi ye-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zizinto eziphambili, zombini kulawulo lokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokulawulwa kwe-flow state, zicacile. Impembelelo ye-ash ash kunye ne-mineral powder iyisibini kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
4. Iindidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya, eya kubangela ukuba amaqamza aphuphume kumphezulu we-slurry ecocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo we-HPMC ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, iibhubhu azikwazi ukugcinwa kwi-slurry. phuphuma. Kuya kubakho amaqamza phezu kodaka kunye nolwelo olungaphezulu kwe-250ram, kodwa iqela elingenanto ngaphandle kwe-ether ye-cellulose ngokubanzi ayinamaqamza okanye inani elincinci kakhulu lamaqamza, ebonisa ukuba i-ether ye-cellulose inempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya kwaye yenza i-slurry. viscous. Ukongeza, ngenxa ye-viscosity egqithisileyo yodaka olunodaka olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuba amaqamza omoya adada ngaphezulu ngenxa yesiphumo sobunzima bomzimba we-slurry, kodwa igcinwe eludaka, kwaye impembelelo yayo kumandla ayinakuba. ingahoywa.
Icandelo II IiPropati zeMechanical zodaka
1. Ngodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, kunye nokunyuka kweminyaka yobudala, umlinganiselo wokutyumza unomgangatho ophezulu; ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa amandla (ukuncipha kwamandla oxinzelelo kubonakala ngakumbi), okukhokelela ekutyunjweni Ukuncipha komlinganiselo, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inoncedo olucacileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqina kodaka. Ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ezintathu, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ingenza igalelo elincinci kumandla kwi-10%, ngelixa amandla ehla kwi-dosage ephezulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wokutyumza uyanda ngokunyuka kwe-admixtures yamaminerali; kumandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe, Imixube emibini inefuthe elincinane kumandla, kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo sokunciphisa amandla othuthu lwempukane isabonakala; ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ze-28, i-admixtures ezimbini ziye zafaka isandla kumandla, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla. Zombini zonyuswe kancinci, kodwa umyinge woxinzelelo-fold uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo.
2. Kwi-28d ye-compressive and flexural strength of the bonded mortar, xa umxholo we-admixture u-20%, amandla okunyamezela kunye ne-flexural angcono, kwaye i-admixture isakhokelela ekunyuseni okuncinci kwi-compress-to-fold ratio, ebonisa i-compressive-fold-fold ratio. isiphumo kudaka. Imiphumo emibi yokuqina; I-HPMC ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla.
3. Ngokubhekiselele kukuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, i-HPMC inefuthe elithile elincomekayo kumandla ebhondi. Uhlalutyo lufanele lube kukuba umphumo walo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kumdaka kwaye uqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okwaneleyo. Amandla ebhondi anxulumene ne-admixture. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwedosi ayikho rhoqo, kwaye ukusebenza ngokubanzi kubhetele ngodaka lwesamente xa idosi yi-10%.
4. I-CMC ayifanelekanga kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-cementous, isiphumo sayo sokugcina amanzi asibonakali, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, yenza udaka lube lukhuni ngakumbi; ngelixa i-HPMC inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-compression-to-fold ratio kwaye iphucule ukuqina kodaka, kodwa kungenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kumandla oxinzelelo.
5. Iimfuno ze-fluidity ezibanzi kunye namandla, umxholo we-HPMC we-0.1% ufanelekile ngakumbi. Xa uthuthu lwempukane lusetyenziselwa udaka lwesakhiwo okanye olomeleziweyo olufuna ukuqina ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla okuqala, idosi akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, kwaye idosi ephezulu imalunga ne-10%. Iimfuno; ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuzinza komthamo we-mineral powder kunye ne-silica fume, kufuneka zilawulwe kwi-10% kunye ne-3% ngokulandelanayo. Iziphumo ze-admixtures kunye ne-cellulose ethers azihambelani kakhulu, kunye
ube nesiphumo esizimeleyo.
Inxalenye yesithathu Kwimeko yokungahoyi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-admixtures, ngokuxubusha i-coefficient ye-coefficient ye-mineral admixtures kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, umthetho wempembelelo yezinto ezininzi kumandla ekhonkrithi (udaka) ufunyenwe:
1. I-Coefficient yempembelelo yoMxube weMineral
2. Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
3. Impembelelo yempembelelo yokwakheka okudibeneyo
4. Uthelekiso lwangempela lubonisa ukuba indlela ye-28d yokuqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi ephuculwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret iyavumelana kakuhle nemeko yokwenyani, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukulungiswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
6.2 Iintsilelo kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka
Eli phepha liphonononga ubukhulu becala ubumanzi kunye neempawu zoomatshini bokuncamathelisa okucocekileyo kunye nodaka lwenkqubo yesamente yokubini. Impembelelo kunye nempembelelo yesenzo esidibeneyo sezinto ezininzi ze-cementitious kufuneka zifundwe ngakumbi. Kwindlela yokuvavanya, ukuhambelana kodaka kunye ne-stratification ingasetyenziswa. Umphumo we-cellulose ether kwi-consistency kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar kufundwa ngeqondo le-cellulose ether. Ukongeza, i-microstructure yodaka phantsi kwesenzo se-cellulose ether kunye ne-mineral admixture nayo kufuneka ifundwe.
I-Cellulose ether ngoku yenye yezinto ezidityanisiweyo zomxube wodaka olwahlukeneyo. Isiphumo saso esihle sokugcina amanzi sandisa ixesha lokusebenza kodaka, yenza udaka lube ne-thixotropy elungileyo, kwaye luphucule ukuqina kodaka. Ikulungele ukwakhiwa; kunye nokusetyenziswa kothuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo weminerali njengenkunkuma yoshishino eludaka nako kunokudala inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo
Isahluko 1 Intshayelelo
1.1 udaka lwempahla
1.1.1 Ukuqaliswa kodaka lwezorhwebo
Kwilizwe lam kwishishini lezinto zokwakha, ikhonkrithi iphumelele iqondo eliphezulu lokuthengisa, kunye nokuthengiswa kodaka kwakhona kuya phezulu nangaphezulu, ngakumbi kwiimbumba ezikhethekileyo ezahlukeneyo, abavelisi abanezakhono eziphezulu zobugcisa bayafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe udaka olwahlukeneyo. Izalathi zentsebenzo zifanelekile. Udaka lwezorhwebo lwahlulahlulwe lube ngamacandelo amabini: udaka oluxubeneyo olulungeleyo kunye nodaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo. Udaka olulungelelanisiweyo luthetha ukuba udaka luthuthelwa kwindawo yokwakha emva kokuba luxutywe namanzi ngumboneleli kwangaphambili ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi, ngelixa udaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo lwenziwa ngumenzi wodaka ngokuxutywa okomileyo kunye nokupakisha izinto zesamente, aggregates kunye nezongezo ngokomlinganiselo othile. Yongeza umlinganiselo othile wamanzi kwindawo yokwakha kwaye uxube ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Udaka lwemveli lunobuthathaka obuninzi ekusebenziseni kunye nokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, ukupakishwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuxuba kwisiza akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwakhiwa kwempucuko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yeemeko zokwakha kwisiza kunye nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza umgangatho wodaka kunzima ukuqinisekiswa, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukufumana ukusebenza okuphezulu. udaka. Xa kuthelekiswa nodaka lwemveli, udaka lwezorhwebo luneenzuzo ezithile ezicacileyo. Okokuqala, umgangatho wayo kulula ukulawula kunye nokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu, iintlobo zayo zisulungekile, kwaye ijolise ngakumbi kwiimfuno zobunjineli. Udaka oluxutyiweyo lwaseYurophu lwaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yee-1950, kwaye ilizwe lam likwakhuthaza ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kodaka lwezorhwebo. I-Shanghai sele isebenzise udaka lwezorhwebo ngo-2004. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yelizwe lam lokuhlala ezidolophini, ubuncinane kwimarike yasezidolophini, kuya kuba yinto engenakuphepheka ukuba udaka lwezorhwebo oluneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo luya kuthatha indawo yodaka lwemveli.
1.1.2Iingxaki ezikhoyo kudaka lwezorhwebo
Nangona udaka lwezorhwebo luneenzuzo ezininzi kunodaka lwemveli, kusekho ubunzima obuninzi bobugcisa njengodaka. Udaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, olufana nodaka lokuqiniswa, izinto zokugalela kwisamente, njl.njl., zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kumandla kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwe-superplasticizers kukhulu, okuya kubangela ukopha okukhulu kwaye kuchaphazele udaka. Ukusebenza okubanzi; kwaye kwezinye iintsimbi zeplastiki, ngenxa yokuba zinovakalelo kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwamanzi, kulula ukuba nokuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngexesha elifutshane emva kokuxuba, kwaye ixesha lokusebenza lifutshane kakhulu: Ukongeza. , Kuba Ngokubhekiselele kwi-bonding mortar, i-matrix yokudibanisa idla ngokuba yomile. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakhiwa, ngenxa yokungonelanga kodaka ukugcina amanzi, umthamo omkhulu wamanzi uya kuxutywa yi-matrix, okubangelwa ukunqongophala kwamanzi asekuhlaleni kwi-bonding mortar kunye nokungonelanga kwe-hydration. Isenzeko sokuba amandla ayancipha kwaye amandla okubambelela ayancipha.
Ukuphendula le mibuzo ingasentla, i-additive ebalulekileyo, i-cellulose ether, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-mortar. Njengohlobo lweselulosi etherified, i-cellulose ether inobudlelwane bamanzi, kwaye le khompawundi yepolymer inokufunxeka kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nobuchule bokugcina amanzi, enokusombulula kakuhle ukopha kodaka, ixesha elifutshane lokusebenza, ukunamathela, njl. iingxaki.
Ukongeza, i-admixtures njengeendawo ezithatha indawo yesamente, njenge-fly ash, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (i-mineral powder), i-silica fume, njl., ngoku kubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Siyazi ukuba uninzi lwee-admixtures luyimveliso yeemveliso ezifana namandla ombane, intsimbi yokunyibilikisa, i-smelting ferrosilicon kunye nesilicon yoshishino. Ukuba azinakusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ukuqokelelwa kwe-admixtures kuya kuhlala kwaye kutshabalalise umhlaba omkhulu kwaye kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-admixtures isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ezinye iipropati zekhonkrithi kunye nodaka zinokuphuculwa, kwaye ezinye iingxaki zobunjineli ekusebenziseni ikhonkrithi kunye nodaka zingasombululwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-admixtures kunenzuzo kokusingqongileyo nakwishishini. ziluncedo.
1.2I-cellulose ethers
I-cellulose ether (i-cellulose ether) i-polymer compound ene-ether structure eveliswa yi-etherification ye-cellulose. Iringi nganye ye-glucosyl kwi-cellulose macromolecules iqulethe amaqela amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqela eliphambili le-hydroxyl kwi-athom ye-carbon yesithandathu, iqela le-hydroxyl yesibini kwi-athom ye-carbon yesibini neyesithathu, kunye ne-hydrogen kwiqela le-hydroxyl lithatyathelwa indawo liqela le-hydrocarbon ukuvelisa i-ether cellulose. izinto eziphuma kuyo. into. I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer ikhompawundi enganyibilikiyo okanye inyibilike, kodwa i-cellulose inokunyibilika emanzini, i-dilute isisombululo se-alkali kunye ne-solvent ye-organic emva kwe-etherification, kwaye ine-thermoplasticity ethile.
I-ether ye-cellulose ithatha i-cellulose yendalo njengento eluhlaza kwaye ilungiswe ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. Ihlelwa ngamacandelo amabini: ionic kunye ne-non-ionic kwifom ye-ionized. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhemikhali, i-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, amayeza, iiseramikhi kunye namanye amashishini. .
1.2.1Ukuhlelwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose zokwakhiwa
I-ether ye-cellulose yokwakha ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso eziveliswa yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ze-cellulose zinokufumaneka ngokususa i-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agents ezahlukeneyo.
1. Ngokweempawu ze-ionization zabaxhasi, i-cellulose ethers ingahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).
2. Ngokweentlobo ze-substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ethers enye (efana ne-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-mixed ethers (efana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Ngokutsho kwe-solubility eyahlukileyo, ihlulwe ibe yi-soluble yamanzi (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-solubility ye-organic solvent (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njl njl. -i-cellulose e-soluble Yahlulwe ngokohlobo olukhawulezayo kunye nohlobo lokulibaziseka lokuchithwa emva konyango lomphezulu.
1.2.2 Inkcazo yendlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether kumdaka
I-ether ye-cellulose iyingxube ephambili yokuphucula iimpawu zokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-dry-mixed mortar, kwaye iphinda ibe enye yezinto ezixutywayo eziphambili zokumisela ixabiso lezinto ezixutywe ngodaka.
1. Emva kokuba i-cellulose ether kwi-mortar ichithwe emanzini, umsebenzi oyingqayizivele wendawo uqinisekisa ukuba izinto ze-cementitious zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlakazeke ngokufanayo kwi-slurry system, kunye ne-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, "iyakwazi "i-encapsulate" iinqununu eziqinileyo, Ngaloo ndlela. , ifilimu yokuthambisa yenziwa kwindawo yangaphandle, kwaye ifilimu yokuthambisa ingenza umzimba wodaka ube ne-thixotropy elungileyo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo uzinzile kwimeko yokuma, kwaye akuyi kubakho iziganeko ezimbi ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi okanye i-stratification yezinto ezikhanyayo kunye nezinzima, okwenza inkqubo yodaka iqine ngakumbi; ngelixa ukwimeko yokwakha ephazamisekile, i-ether ye-cellulose iya kudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukucheba kwe-slurry. Isiphumo sokuchasana okuguquguqukayo kwenza ukuba udaka lube ne-fluidity elungileyo kunye nokugudiswa ngexesha lokwakhiwa ngexesha lokuxuba.
2. Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo sayo se-molecular, isisombululo se-cellulose ether sinokugcina amanzi kwaye singalahleki ngokulula emva kokuxutywa kumdaka, kwaye siya kukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elide, elongeza ixesha lokusebenza kodaka. kwaye inika udaka ukugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza.
1.2.3 Ii-etha ezininzi ze-cellulose zebakala lolwakhiwo ezibalulekileyo
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu ocociweyo uphathwe ngealkali, i-methyl chloride isetyenziswa njenge-etherifying agent ukwenza i-cellulose ether ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweempendulo. Idigri yokutshintshwa ngokubanzi ngu-1. Ukunyibilika kwe-2.0, iqondo lokutshintshela lihlukile kwaye ukunyibilika kuyahluka. yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Ilungiselelwe ngokuphendula nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherifying agent phambi kwe-acetone emva kokuba ikotoni ecocekileyo iphathwe nge-alkali. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi li-1.5 ukuya ku-2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma.
3. IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose luhlobo lweselulosi oluphuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-ether engeyiyo ionic cellulose exutywe ne-ether eyenziwe kwikotoni esulungekileyo emva konyango lwe-alkali, isebenzisa i-propylene oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride njengee-etherifying agents, kunye noluhlu lweempendulo. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi li-1.2 ukuya ku-2.0. Iipropati zayo ziyahluka ngokomlinganiselo we-methoxyl umxholo kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropyl.
4. I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
I-Ionic cellulose ether ilungiswa ukusuka kwimicu yendalo (ikotoni, njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, usebenzisa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherifying agent, kunye noluhlu lwezonyango zokusabela. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi ngu-0.4–d. 4. Ukusebenza kwayo kuchatshazelwa kakhulu liqondo lokutshintshwa.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwesithathu nolwesine ziintlobo ezimbini zeselulosi ezisetyenziswe kolu vavanyo.
1.2.4 Ubume boPhuhliso loShishino lwe-Cellulose Etere
Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, imakethi ye-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo ikhule kakhulu, kwaye intengiso kumazwe asakhasayo ikwinqanaba lokukhula, eliya kuba yeyona nto iqhuba ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwihlabathi kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, umthamo wemveliso wehlabathi jikelele we-cellulose ether udlula i-1 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-Europe ibalwa kwi-35% yokusetyenziswa kwehlabathi lonke, ilandelwa yi-Asia kunye noMntla Melika. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) yolona hlobo lomthengi oluphambili, i-akhawunti ye-56% yetotali, ilandelwa yi-methyl cellulose ether (MC / HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), i-akhawunti ye-56% iyonke. 25% kunye ne-12%. Ushishino lwe-cellulose ether lwangaphandle lukhuphisana kakhulu. Emva kokudityaniswa okuninzi, imveliso igxile kakhulu kwiinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu, ezifana neDow Chemical Company kunye neHercules Company eUnited States, iAkzo Nobel eNetherlands, iNoviant eFinland kunye neDAICEL eJapan, njl.
ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa i-cellulose ether enkulu kunye nomthengi we-cellulose ether, kunye nomndilili wokukhula ngonyaka ongaphezulu kwe-20%. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, kukho malunga nama-50 amashishini okuvelisa i-cellulose ether e-China. Umthamo wemveliso oyiliweyo weshishini le-cellulose ether lidlule iitoni ezingama-400,000, kwaye kukho amashishini amalunga nama-20 anomthamo ongaphezu kweetoni ezingama-10,000, ikakhulu abekwe eShandong, eHebei, eChongqing naseJiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngo-2011, amandla emveliso yeCMC yaseTshayina ayemalunga neetoni ezingama-300,000. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yomgangatho ophezulu we-cellulose ethers kwiyeza, ukutya, imichiza yemihla ngemihla kunye namanye amashishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yasekhaya yezinye iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC iyanda. Enkulu, umthamo we-MC / HPMC malunga neetoni ze-120,000, kwaye umthamo we-HEC malunga neetoni ezingama-20,000. I-PAC isekwinqanaba lokunyuswa kunye nesicelo eChina. Ngophuhliso lwamasimi amakhulu e-oyile engaselunxwemeni kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokwakha, ukutya, imichiza kunye namanye amashishini, isixa kunye nentsimi yePAC iyanda kwaye yanda unyaka nonyaka, kunye nomthamo wemveliso yeetoni ezingaphezu kwe-10,000.
1.3Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar
Ngokuphathelele uphando lwesicelo sobunjineli be-cellulose ether kushishino lokwakha, abaphengululi basekhaya nabangaphandle baqhube inani elikhulu lophando lovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela.
1.3.1Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwangaphandle malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kudaka
I-Laetitia Patural, u-Philippe Marchal kunye nabanye baseFransi babonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka, kwaye i-parameter yesakhiwo sisitshixo, kwaye ubunzima be-molecular buyisitshixo sokulawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuhambelana. Ngokunyuka kobunzima be-molecular, uxinzelelo lwesivuno luyancipha, ukunyuka kokunyuka, kunye nokusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwanda; ngokuchaseneyo, idigri ye-molar substitution (enxulumene nomxholo we-hydroxyethyl okanye i-hydroxypropyl) inefuthe elincinci ekugcinweni kwamanzi omdaka oxubekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-cellulose ethers enedigri ephantsi ye-molar yokutshintshwa iphucule ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Isigqibo esibalulekileyo malunga nendlela yokugcina amanzi kukuba iimpawu ze-rheological zodaka zibalulekile. Inokubonwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo ukuba udaka oluxutyiweyo olunomileyo olunomlinganiselo osisigxina wamanzi-samente kunye nomxholo we-admixture, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kunomlinganiselo ofanayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye ii-ether ze-cellulose, umkhwa awubonakali; ukongeza, kwi-starch ethers, kukho ipateni echaseneyo. I-viscosity yomxube omtsha ayiyona iparameter kuphela yokumisela ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
ULaetitia Patural, uPatrice Potion, et al., Ngoncedo lwe-pulsed field gradient kunye nobuchule be-MRI, bafumanisa ukuba ukufuduka komswakama kwi-interface yodaka kunye ne-unsaturated substrate kuchatshazelwa ukongezwa kwexabiso elincinci le-CE. Ukulahleka kwamanzi kungenxa yesenzo se-capillary kunokusasazwa kwamanzi. Ukufuduka kobumanzi ngesenzo se-capillary kulawulwa yi-substrate ye-micropore yoxinzelelo, elandelwa bubungakanani be-micropore kunye ne-Laplace theory interfacial tension, kunye ne-viscosity yamanzi. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimpawu ze-rheological ze-CE isisombululo samanzi zingundoqo ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ngqikelelo iyangqubana nemvumelwano ethile (ezinye izithinteli ezifana ne-molecular polyethylene oxide ephezulu kunye ne-starch ethers azisebenzi njenge-CE).
UJean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. wasebenzisa i-cellulose ether ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo, kwaye isisombululo sayo se-2% viscosity sasisuka kwi-5000 ukuya kwi-44500mpa. S ukusuka kwi-MC kunye ne-HEMC. Fumana:
1. Ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo we-CE, uhlobo lwe-CE lunempembelelo enkulu kwi-viscosity ye-adhesive mortar yeetayile. Oku kubangelwa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-CE kunye ne-disperible polymer powder kwi-adsorption yamasuntswana e-samente.
2. I-adsorption yokukhuphisana ye-CE kunye ne-rubber powder inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwixesha lokumisela kunye ne-spalling xa ixesha lokwakha liyi-20-30min.
3. Amandla ebhondi achaphazelekayo ngokudibanisa kwe-CE kunye ne-rubber powder. Xa ifilimu ye-CE ingenako ukuthintela ukuvela komswakama kwi-interface ye-tile kunye nodaka, ukunamathela phantsi kokuphilisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunciphisa.
4. Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-CE kunye ne-disperible polymer powder kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuyilwa umlinganiselo we-adhesive mortar kwiitiles.
I-LSchmitzC yaseJamani. J. UDkt. H (a) cker okhankanywe kwinqaku ukuba i-HPMC kunye ne-HEMC kwi-cellulose ether inendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwi-dry-mixed mortar. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni isalathisi sokugcinwa kwamanzi ephuculweyo ye-cellulose ether, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-Cellulose ethers eguquliweyo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula nokuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza zodaka kunye neempawu zodaka olomileyo kunye nolukhuni.
1.3.2Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwasekhaya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kumdaka
Xin Quanchang osuka Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology wafunda iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo iipolymer kwezinye iipropati bonding udaka, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa komdibaniso umgubo dispersible polymer kunye hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ayikwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza udaka bonding, kodwa. kwakhona unako Inxalenye yeendleko iyancitshiswa; iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba xa umxholo we-latex powder owenziwe ngokutsha ulawulwa kwi-0.5%, kwaye umxholo we-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ulawulwa kwi-0.2%, udaka olulungisiweyo luxhathisa ukugoba. kwaye amandla okudibanisa avelele ngakumbi, kwaye abe nokuguquguquka okuhle kunye neplastiki.
Unjingalwazi uMa Baoguo ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji wabonisa ukuba i-ether ye-cellulose inesiphumo esicacileyo sokunciphisa, kwaye inokuchaphazela uhlobo lwesakhiwo seemveliso ze-hydration kunye nesakhiwo se-pore se-sement slurry; I-cellulose ether ibhengezwa kakhulu kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-samente ukwenza isiphumo esithile somqobo. Ithintela i-nucleation kunye nokukhula kweemveliso ze-hydration; kwelinye icala, i-cellulose ether ithintela ukufuduka kunye nokusasazwa kwee-ion ngenxa yesiphumo esicacileyo sokwandisa i-viscosity, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa ukuhanjiswa kwesamente kumlinganiselo othile; i-cellulose ether inozinzo lwealkali.
UJian Shouwei ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji ugqibe kwelokuba indima yeCE kudaka ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwimiba emithathu: ugcino lwamanzi olugqwesileyo, ifuthe lokungaguquguquki kodaka kunye nethixotropy, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwerheology. I-CE ayinikeli nje kuphela udaka ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza, kodwa kwakhona Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kobushushu besamente kwangoko kunye nokulibazisa inkqubo ye-hydration kinetic yesamente, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kodaka, kukho umahluko kwiindlela zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo. .
Udaka olulungisiweyo lwe-CE lusetyenziswa ngendlela yodaka olucekethekileyo kudaka lwemihla ngemihla oluxubeneyo (olufana nesibophelelo sezitena, i-putty, udaka olutyatyekiweyo, njl. njl.). Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo sihamba kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kodaka. Okwangoku, uphando oluphambili lujolise kwi-adhesive tile yobuso, kwaye kukho uphando oluncinci kwezinye iintlobo zodaka oluncinci lwe-CE olulungisiweyo.
U-Su Lei ovela kwiYunivesithi yase-Wuhan yeThekhnoloji efunyenwe ngohlalutyo lovavanyo lwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokumisela ixesha lodaka olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether. Ubungakanani bamanzi buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ixesha lokudibanisa lide; xa ubungakanani bamanzi bufikelela ku-O. Emva kwe-6%, utshintsho lwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi akubonakali, kwaye ixesha lokumisela liphantse liphindwe kabini; kunye nophando lovavanyo lwamandla alo oxinzelelo lubonisa ukuba xa umxholo we-cellulose ether ungaphantsi kwe-0.8%, umxholo we-cellulose ether ungaphantsi kwe-0.8%. Ukunyuka kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla oxinzelelo; kunye ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwebhondi kunye nebhodi yodaka lwesamente, O. Ngaphantsi kwe-7% yomxholo, ukwanda komxholo we-cellulose ether kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okudibanisa.
U-Lai Jianqing we-Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. uhlalutye kwaye wagqiba ukuba i-dosage efanelekileyo ye-cellulose ether xa kuqwalaselwa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nesalathisi sokuhambelana yi-0 ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweemvavanyo kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla kunye namandla ebhondi. Udaka lwe-EPS lokufakwa kwe-thermal. 2%; I-cellulose ether inefuthe elinamandla lokungenisa umoya, okuya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla, ngakumbi ukuhla kwamandla e-bond bond, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyisebenzise kunye ne-polymer powder.
U-Yuan Wei kunye noQin Min we-Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute baqhube uvavanyo kunye nophando lwesicelo se-cellulose ether kwikhonkrithi enegwebu. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-HPMC iphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi entsha yogwebu kwaye inciphisa izinga lokulahleka kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi yogwebu eqinile; I-HPMC inokunciphisa ilahleko yokudilika kwekhonkrithi entsha yogwebu kwaye inciphise ubuntununtunu bomxube kubushushu. ; I-HPMC iya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi yogwebu. Phantsi kweemeko zonyango lwendalo, umlinganiselo othile we-HPMC unokuphucula amandla omzekelo ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
U-Li Yuhai we-Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. ubonise ukuba uhlobo kunye nomthamo we-latex powder, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kunye nemeko yokunyanga kunempembelelo enkulu ekuchaseni impembelelo yodaka lokutyabeka. Impembelelo ye-cellulose ethers kumandla empembelelo nayo ayinanto xa kuthelekiswa nomxholo wepolymer kunye neemeko zokunyanga.
I-Yin Qingli ye-AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (i-Shanghai) Co., Ltd. isetyenzisile i-Bermocoll PADl, ibhodi ye-polystyrene eguqulwe ngokukhethekileyo edibanisa i-cellulose ether, yovavanyo, olulungele ngokukodwa udaka oludibeneyo lwe-EPS inkqubo yokugquma eludongeni lwangaphandle. I-Bermocoll PADl inokuphucula amandla okudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nebhodi ye-polystyrene ngaphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether. Nakwimeko yedosi ephantsi, ayinakuphucula kuphela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kodaka olutsha, kodwa inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo amandla okudibanisa antlandlolo kunye namandla okudibana kwamanzi phakathi kodaka kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene ngenxa yeankile eyodwa. iteknoloji. . Nangona kunjalo, ayinakuphucula ukuchasana kwempembelelo yodaka kunye nokusebenza kwebhondi kunye nebhodi ye-polystyrene. Ukuphucula ezi zakhiwo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-latex powder ephinda isetyenziswe.
U-Wang Peiming ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseTongji uhlalutye imbali yophuhliso lodaka lwezorhwebo kwaye yabonisa ukuba i-cellulose ether kunye ne-latex powder zinempembelelo engabonakaliyo kwiimpawu zokusebenza ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla okuguquguquka kunye nokunyanzeliswa, kunye ne-elastic modulus yodaka olomileyo lwe-powder yorhwebo.
UZhang Lin kunye nabanye beShantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baye bagqiba kwelokuba, kudaka lokudityaniswa kwebhodi yepolystyrene eyandisiweyo yokutyabeka udonga lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal (oko kukuthi inkqubo ye-Eqos), kucetyiswa ukuba esona sixa siphezulu. yomgubo werabha ibe yi-2.5% ngumda; i-viscosity ephantsi, i-ether ye-cellulose eguqulwe kakhulu iluncedo olukhulu ekuphuculeni i-axiliary tensile bond bond yodaka oluqinileyo.
UZhao Liqun weShanghai Institute of Building Research (iQela) Co., Ltd. wachaza kwinqaku ukuba i-cellulose ether inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kwaye inciphise kakhulu ingxinano enkulu kunye namandla oxinzelelo odaka, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokumisela. ixesha lodaka. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zedosi, i-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu iluncedo ekuphuculeni izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa amandla oxinzelelo ayancipha kakhulu kwaye ixesha lokumisela lide. Umgubo ojiyayo kunye ne-cellulose ether kuphelisa ukuqhekeka kweplastiki yodaka ngokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwidaka.
IYunivesithi yaseFuzhou uHuang Lipin et al wafunda idoping ye-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kunye ne-ethylene. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye ne-cross-sectional morphology yodaka lwesamente olulungisiweyo lwe-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Kufunyaniswa ukuba i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kunye nefuthe elibalaseleyo lokungenisa umoya, ngelixa iipropati zokunciphisa amanzi ze-latex powder kunye nokuphuculwa kweempawu zomatshini zodaka zibalaseleyo. Isiphumo sokuguqulwa; kwaye kukho uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwedosi phakathi kweepholima.
Ngothotho lweemvavanyo, u-Chen Qian kunye nabanye abavela eHubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. babonakalise ukuba ukwandisa ixesha elishukumisayo kunye nokunyusa isantya esishukumisayo kunokunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima ye-cellulose ether kudaka oluxutyiweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kodaka, kunye nokuphucula ixesha lokuvuselela. Isantya esifutshane kakhulu okanye esicotha kakhulu siya kwenza ukuba udaka lube nzima ukwakha; ukukhetha i-ether ye-cellulose efanelekileyo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutyiweyo.
U-Li Sihan ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseShenyang Jianzhu kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba i-mineral admixtures inokunciphisa i-shrinkage deformation eyomileyo yodaka kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zayo zomatshini; umlinganiselo wekalika kwisanti unefuthe kwiipropati zomatshini kunye nesantya sokunciphisa udaka; redispersible ipolymer powder inokuphucula udaka. Ukuchasana nokuqhekeka, ukuphucula ukubambelela, amandla okuguquguquka, ukudibanisa, ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye nokumelana nokugqoka, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza; i-cellulose ether ine-air-entraining effect, enokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka; ifayibha yomthi inokuphucula udaka Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa lula, ukusebenza, kunye nokusebenza okuchasene nokutyibilika, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa. Ngokudibanisa imixube eyahlukeneyo yokuguqulwa, kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, udaka olunganyangekiyo lwe-crack lwenkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal yangaphandle kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kunokulungiswa.
Yang Lei of Henan University of Technology ixube HEMC kudaka waza wafumanisa ukuba inemisebenzi emibini yogcino lwamanzi kunye nokujiya, nto leyo ethintela ikhonkrithi efakwe emoyeni ukuba ifunxe ngokukhawuleza amanzi kudaka lokutyatyekwa, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba isamente kwindawo yodaka. i-mortar i-hydrated ngokupheleleyo, yenza i-mortar Inhlanganisela kunye ne-aerated concrete i-denser kwaye amandla ebhondi aphezulu; kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kodaka lokutyabeka kwikonkrithi efakwe umoya. Xa i-HEMC yongezwa kumdaka, amandla okuguquguquka komdaka ancipha kancinci, ngelixa amandla oxinzelelo ancipha kakhulu, kwaye i-fold-compression ratio curve ibonise ukunyuka okuphezulu, ebonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HEMC kunokuphucula ukuqina komdaka.
U-Li Yanling kunye nabanye abavela kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseHenan bafumanisa ukuba iipropati zemishini yodaka oluboshiweyo ziphuculwe xa kuthelekiswa nodaka oluqhelekileyo, ngakumbi amandla ebhondi yodaka, xa i-compound admixture yongezwa (umxholo we-cellulose ether wawuyi-0.15%). Ngamaxesha angama-2.33 kunodaka oluqhelekileyo.
UMa Baoguo ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan yeTekhnoloji kunye nabanye bafunda iziphumo zeedosi ezahlukeneyo ze-styrene-acrylic emulsion, i-disperible polymer powder, kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi, amandla ebhondi kunye nokuqina kodaka oluncinci lokutyabeka. , yafumanisa ukuba xa umxholo we-styrene-acrylic emulsion wawuyi-4% ukuya kwi-6%, amandla e-bond bond of mortar afikelele kwixabiso elingcono kakhulu, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio yayincinci; umxholo we-cellulose ether wanda ukuya ku-O. Kwi-4%, amandla ebhondi yomdaka afikelela kwi-saturation, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio iyona nto incinci; xa umxholo we-rubber powder u-3%, amandla okubopha udaka yeyona nto ibhetele, kwaye i-compression-folding ratio iyancipha ngokudibanisa i-rubber powder. umkhwa.
U-Li Qiao kunye nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. yabonisa kwinqaku ukuba imisebenzi ye-cellulose etere kudaka lwesamente kukugcina amanzi, ukuqina, ukungena komoya, ukuncipha kunye nokuphucula amandla ebhondi, njl. imisebenzi iyahambelana Xa uvavanya kwaye ukhetha i-MC, izikhombisi ze-MC ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ziquka i-viscosity, i-degree of etherification substitution, i-degree of modification, ukuzinza kwemveliso, umxholo we-substance osebenzayo, ubungakanani bamasuntswana kunye neminye imiba. Xa ukhetha i-MC kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zodaka, iimfuno zokusebenza kwe-MC ngokwayo kufuneka zibekwe phambili ngokweemfuno zokwakha kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithile zodaka, kunye neentlobo ezifanelekileyo ze-MC kufuneka zikhethwe ngokudibeneyo kunye nokwakheka kunye neeparitha zesalathisi ze-MC.
I-Qiu Yongxia yaseBeijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. yafumanisa ukuba ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar landa; ngokugqwesa amasuntswana e-cellulose ether, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi; Iqondo eliphezulu lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-cellulose ether; ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kobushushu bodaka.
UZhang Bin weYunivesithi yaseTongji kunye nabanye babonisa kwinqaku ukuba iimpawu zokusebenza zodaka olulungisiweyo zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso lwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ethers, kungekhona ukuba i-cellulose ethers kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu yegama zinefuthe elicacileyo kwiimpawu zokusebenza, kuba ikwachatshazelwa bubungakanani bamasuntswana. , izinga lokuchithwa kunye nezinye izinto.
Zhou Xiao kunye nabanye abavela kwiZiko leNkcubeko Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute wafunda igalelo lezongezo ezimbini, i-polymer rubber powder kunye ne-ether cellulose, kwi-bond bond kwi-NHL (hydraulic lime) inkqubo yodaka, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba Ilula Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bepolymer irabha powder kunye ne-cellulose ether inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okubambisana kwe-NHL yodaka kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkcubeko yokuqinisa kunye nezinto zokukhusela; ukwenzela ukuthintela Unempembelelo kwi-permeability yamanzi kunye nokuphefumula kwe-NHL mortar ngokwayo kunye nokuhambelana kunye ne-masonry relics yenkcubeko. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kokuqala kokubambisana kwe-NHL yomdaka, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokongezwa kwepolymer irabha powder ingaphantsi kwe-0.5% ukuya kwi-1%, kunye nokongezwa kwe-cellulose ether Imali ilawulwa malunga ne-0.2%.
UDuan Pengxuan kunye nabanye abavela kwiBeijing Institute of Building Materials Science benza abavavanyi ababini abazenzelayo ngokwesiseko sokuseka imodeli yerheological yodaka olutsha, kwaye baqhuba uhlalutyo lwerheological lodaka oluqhelekileyo lokwakha, udaka lokutyabeka kunye nokutyabeka iimveliso zegypsum. I-denaturation yalinganiswa, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether zinexabiso elingcono lokuqala le-viscosity kunye nokusebenza kokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokunyuka kwexesha kunye nokunyuka kwesantya, okunokuthi kutyebise i-binder yohlobo olungcono lokudibanisa, i-thixotropy kunye nokumelana nokutyibilika.
U-Li Yanling weYunivesithi yaseHenan yeTekhnoloji kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar kunokuphucula kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe inkqubela phambili ye-cement hydration. Nangona ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo lodaka, kusenyusa umlinganiselo we-flexural-compression ratio kunye nokuqina kwebhondi yodaka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
1.4Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
Kwishishini lokwakha lanamhlanje, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi kunye nodaka kukhulu, kwaye imfuno yesamente iyanda. Ukuveliswa kwesamente kukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye noshishino oluphezulu longcoliseko. Ukonga isamente kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula iindleko nokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengenxalenye yendawo yesamente, i-mineral admixture ayinako ukunyusa kuphela ukusebenza kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi, kodwa iphinde igcine i-samente eninzi phantsi kwemeko yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwishishini lezinto zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kuye kwanda kakhulu. Iindidi ezininzi zesamente ziqulathe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso elithile lemixube. Phakathi kwabo, i-samente ye-Portland esetyenziswa kakhulu eqhelekileyo ifakwe kwi-5% kwimveliso. ~ 20% umxube. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amashishini ahlukeneyo odaka kunye nekhonkrithi yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kuninzi kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar, uphando lwexesha elide kunye nolubanzi luye lwenziwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
1.4.1Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwangaphandle kwi-admixture esetyenziswa kudaka
P. IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. yafumanisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuhambisa i-gel, i-gel ayidumbanga ngomthamo olinganayo, kwaye i-mineral admixture inokutshintsha ukubunjwa kwejeli ye-hydrated, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ukuvuvukala kwejeli kuhambelana ne-divalent cations kwi-gel. . Inani leekopi libonise unxulumano olubi.
Kevin J. waseUnited States. UFolliard noMakoto Ohta et al. wabonisa ukuba ukongezwa komsi we-silica kunye nothuthu lwerayisi kumdaka kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo amandla oxinzelelo, ngelixa ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunciphisa amandla, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokuqala.
U-Philippe Lawrence kunye noMartin Cyr waseFransi bafumanisa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mineral admixtures zinokuphucula amandla omdaka phantsi kwedosi efanelekileyo. Umahluko phakathi komxube weeminerali ohlukeneyo awubonakali kwinqanaba lokuqala le-hydration. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-hydration, ukongezwa kwamandla okongeziweyo kuchaphazeleka ngumsebenzi we-mineral admixture, kunye nokunyuka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-inert admixture ayikwazi nje ukuthathwa njengokuzalisa. isiphumo, kodwa kufuneka sibalelwe kwisiphumo somzimba se-nucleation ye-multiphase.
Bulgaria kaThixo ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba amacandelo ezisisiseko silica umsi kunye ne-calcium ephantsi fly uthuthu ngokusebenzisa iimpawu eziphathekayo kunye noomatshini bodaka lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi exutywe ne-admixtures esebenzayo ye-pozzolanic, enokuphucula amandla elitye lesamente. Umsi we-silica unempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-hydration yokuqala yezinto ze-cementitious, ngelixa i-fly ash component inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-hydration kamva.
1.4.2Intshayelelo emfutshane yophando lwasekhaya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwi-mortar
Ngophando lovavanyo, uZhong Shiyun kunye no-Xiang Keqin weYunivesithi yaseTongji bafumanisa ukuba i-composite modified mortar ye-fineness ethile ye-fly ash kunye ne-polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), xa umlinganiselo we-poly-binder uqiniswe kwi-0.08, umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-folding ratio. udaka lwanda nge-Fineness kunye nomxholo we-fly ash wehla ngokunyuka kothuthu lwempukane. Kucetywayo ukuba ukongezwa kwe-fly ash kunokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yeendleko eziphezulu zokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka ngokunyusa umxholo wepolymer.
Wang Yinong of Wuhan Iron kunye Steel Civil Construction Company uye wafunda admixture udaka eliphezulu-ukusebenza, nto leyo enokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kodaka, ukunciphisa iqondo delamination, nokuphucula isakhono bonding. Ifanelekile kwi-masonry kunye ne-plastered of aerated concrete blocks. .
I-Chen Miaomiao kunye nabanye abavela kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseNanjing bafunda umphumo wokuxutywa kabini kothuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo wezimbiwa kudaka olomileyo ekusebenzeni kunye neempawu zoomatshini zodaka, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kwemixube emibini akuphuculanga nje ukusebenza kunye neempawu zoomatshini. yomxube. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezomatshini zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko. Idosi efanelekileyo ekhuthazwayo kukutshintsha i-20% ye-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ngokulandelanayo, umlinganiselo wodaka kwisanti ngu-1: 3, kwaye umlinganiselo wamanzi kwizinto eziphathekayo ngu-0.16.
UZhuang Zihao waseSouth China University of Technology walungisa umlinganiselo wokubopha amanzi, i-bentonite elungisiweyo, i-cellulose ether kunye ne-rubber powder, kwaye wafunda iipropati zamandla omdaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa okomileyo kweengxube ezintathu zamaminerali, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba umxholo we-admixture ufikelele. Kwi-50%, i-porosity iyanda kakhulu kwaye amandla ayancipha, kwaye umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-admixtures ezintathu zeminerali yi-8% ye-limestone powder, i-30% ye-slag, kunye ne-4% ye-fly ash, enokufikelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. ireyithi, ixabiso elikhethiweyo lobunzulu.
U-Li Ying ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseQinghai uqhube uthotho lweemvavanyo zodaka oluxutywe ne-admixtures yamaminerali, kwaye wagqiba kwaye wahlalutya ukuba i-admixtures yamaminerali inokwandisa i-particle gradation ye-powders, kunye ne-micro-filling effect kunye ne-secondary hydration ye-admixtures inokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ukubumbana kodaka kwandiswa, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla awo.
UZhao Yujing waseShanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. wasebenzisa ithiyori yokuqina kokuqina kunye namandla okuphuka ukuze afunde iimpembelelo zemixube yeeminerali kwi-brittleness yekhonkrithi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba umxube weeminerali unokuphucula kancinane ukuqina kwe-fracture kunye nokuphulwa kwamandla omdaka; kwimeko yohlobo olufanayo lwe-admixture, ukutshintshwa kwexabiso le-40% ye-mineral admixture iyona luncedo kakhulu kwi-fracture toughness and fracture energy.
UXu Guangsheng weYunivesithi yaseHenan wabonisa ukuba xa indawo ethile yendawo ye powder yamaminerali ingaphantsi kwe-E350m2 / l [g, umsebenzi uphantsi, amandla e-3d kuphela malunga ne-30%, kwaye amandla e-28d akhula kwi-0 ~ 90% ; ngelixa kwi-400m2 i-melon g, amandla e-3d Inokusondela kwi-50%, kwaye amandla angama-28d angaphezulu kwe-95%. Ukusuka kwimbono yemigaqo esisiseko ye-rheology, ngokutsho kuhlalutyo lovavanyo lwe-mortar fluidity kunye nesantya sokuhamba, izigqibo ezininzi zithathwa: isiqulatho sothuthu lokubhabha ngaphantsi kwe-20% inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo i-mortar fluidity kunye ne-flow velocity, kunye ne-mineral powder kwi-Xa i-dosage ingezantsi. I-25%, ukumanzi kodaka kunokunyuswa kodwa izinga lokuhamba liyehla.
Unjingalwazi uWang Dongmin weYunivesithi yaseChina yezeMigodi kunye neTekhnoloji kunye noProfesa Feng Lufeng weYunivesithi yaseShandong Jianzhu wachaza kwinqaku ukuba ikhonkrithi yinto enezigaba ezintathu ukusuka kumbono wezinto ezidibeneyo, ezizezi, i-cement paste, aggregate, i-cement paste kunye ne-aggregate. I-interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ekudibaneni. I-ITZ yindawo enobutyebi bamanzi, umlinganiselo we-samente wamanzi wendawo ukhulu kakhulu, i-porosity emva kwe-hydration inkulu, kwaye iya kubangela ukutyetyiswa kwe-calcium hydroxide. Le ndawo inokuthi ibangele iintanda zokuqala, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ibangele uxinzelelo. Ukugxilwa kwengqondo kumisela ubukhulu becala. Uphononongo lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-admixtures kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amanzi e-endocrine kwindawo yenguqu ye-interface, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bendawo yenguqu ye-interface, kunye nokuphucula amandla.
UZhang Jianxin weYunivesithi yaseChongqing kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ngokuguqulwa okupheleleyo kwe-methyl cellulose ether, i-polypropylene fiber, i-polymer powder edispersible, kunye ne-admixtures, udaka oluxutywe omileyo olunodaka olunokusebenza kakuhle lunokulungiswa. Udaka olutyatyekiweyo oluxubeneyo olunodaka lunokusebenza kakuhle, ukomelela kwebhondi ephezulu kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuqhekeka. Umgangatho wamagubu kunye neentanda yingxaki eqhelekileyo.
U-Ren Chuanyao weYunivesithi yaseZhejiang kunye nabanye bafunde umphumo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether kwiipropati ze-fly ash mortar, kwaye bahlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kobuninzi obumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongeza i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kwi-fly ash mortar kunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kudaka, ukwandisa ixesha lokubopha udaka, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana okumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo odaka. Kukho unxulumano oluhle phakathi koxinano olumanzi kunye namandla oxinzelelo angama-28d. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yoxinaniso olumanzi olwaziwayo, amandla oxinzelelo angama-28d angabalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula efanelekileyo.
Unjingalwazi uPang Lufeng kunye noChang Qingshan weYunivesithi yaseShandong Jianzhu basebenzise indlela yoyilo efanayo ukufunda ifuthe lemixube emithathu yothuthu lwempukane, umgubo weminerali kunye nomsi wesilica kumandla ekhonkrithi, kwaye babeka phambili uqikelelo lwefomula enexabiso elithile elisebenzayo ngokuhlehla. uhlalutyo. , yaye kwaqinisekiswa nokuba nokwenzeka kwayo.
Injongo kunye nokubaluleka kolu phononongo
Njengesingqinisiso esibalulekileyo sokugcina amanzi, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kokutya, udaka kunye nemveliso yekhonkrithi kunye namanye amashishini. Njengomxube obalulekileyo kwimibhobho eyahlukeneyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-cellulose ethers zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukopha kodaka oluphezulu, ukomeleza i-thixotropy kunye nokuguda kolwakhiwo lodaka, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye namandla ebhondi yodaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures ye-mineral iyanda, engasombululi kuphela ingxaki yokucubungula inani elikhulu lemveliso yemveliso, igcina umhlaba kwaye ikhusela indalo, kodwa inokuguqula inkunkuma ibe yimpahla kwaye idale inzuzo.
Kukho izifundo ezininzi kumacandelo amabini odaka ekhaya naphesheya, kodwa azikho izifundo ezininzi zovavanyo ezidibanisa ezi zimbini kunye. Injongo yeli phepha kukuxuba ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-mineral admixtures kwi-sement paste ngaxeshanye, udaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity kunye nodaka lweplastiki (ukuthatha i-bonding mortar njengomzekelo), ngovavanyo lokuhlola ubuninzi kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zomatshini, umthetho impembelelo iintlobo ezimbini zodaka xa amacandelo adityaniswe kunye kushwankathelwa, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela i-ether cellulose elizayo. Kwaye usetyenziso olongezelelweyo lwemixube yezimbiwa lubonelela ngereferensi ethile.
Ukongezelela, eli phepha liphakamisa indlela yokuqikelela amandla omdaka kunye nekhonkrithi esekelwe kwi-theory ye-FERET yamandla kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, enokubonelela ngokubaluleka okukhokelayo kuyilo lomxube kunye nokuqikelelwa kwamandla omdaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
1.6Umxholo wophando ophambili weli phepha
Imixholo yophando ephambili yeli phepha ibandakanya:
1. Ngokudibanisa ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures, ii-experiments kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye ne-high-fluidity mortar yenziwa, kwaye imithetho yempembelelo yashwankathelwa kwaye izizathu zahlaziywa.
2. Ngokudibanisa i-cellulose ethers kunye ne-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures kwi-high fluidity mortar kunye ne-bonding mortar, ukuhlola iziphumo zabo kumandla oxinzelelo, amandla e-flexural, i-compression-folding ratio kunye ne-bonding mortar yodaka oluphezulu kunye nodaka lweplastiki Umthetho wempembelelo kwi-tensile bond. amandla.
3. Idityaniswe nethiyori yamandla e-FERET kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, indlela yoqikelelo lwamandla e-multi-component cementitious material mortar kunye nekhonkrithi icetywayo.
Isahluko sesi-2 Uhlalutyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namacandelo azo ovavanyo
2.1 Izixhobo zovavanyo
2.1.1 Isamente (C)
Uvavanyo lusebenzise "Shanshui Dongyue" brand PO. 42.5 Isamente.
2.1.2 Umgubo weMinerali (KF)
I-95 grade granulated blast furnace slag powder esuka eShandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Bhabha uthuthu (FA)
I-grade II fly ash eveliswa nguJinan Huangtai Power Plant ikhethiwe, i-fineness (i-sieve eseleyo ye-459m ye-square hole sieve) yi-13%, kunye nomlinganiselo wemfuno yamanzi yi-96%.
2.1.4 Umsi weSilica (sF)
I-silica fume ithatha i-silica fume ye-Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ukuxinwa kwayo yi-2.59 / cm3; indawo ethile yomhlaba yi-17500m2/kg, kwaye ubungakanani besuntswana eliphakathi yi-O. 1～I-0.39m, isalathisi somsebenzi we-28d yi-108%, umlinganiselo wemfuno yamanzi yi-120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex powder (JF)
Umgubo werabha wamkela i-Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (uhlobo lokubopha) ukusuka kwiGomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Iselulosi ether (CE)
I-CMC ithatha ibakala lokugquma i-CMC ukusuka kwi-Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., kwaye i-HPMC yamkele iindidi ezimbini ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose evela kwi-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Eminye imixube
I-heavy calcium carbonate, i-fiber yomthi, i-repellent yamanzi, i-calcium fomati, njl.
2.1,8 isanti yequartz
Isanti yequartz eyenziwe ngomatshini ithatha iintlobo ezine zokulunga: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh kunye ne-70.140 H, ubuninzi be-2650 kg / rn3, kunye nokuvutha kwe-stack yi-1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder (PC)
I-polycarboxylate powder ye-Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) yi-1J1030, kwaye izinga lokunciphisa amanzi li-30%.
2.1.10 Isanti (S)
Isanti ephakathi yeDawen River eTai'an isetyenziswa.
2.1.11 Umlinganiselo orhabaxa (G)
Sebenzisa iJinan Ganggou ukuvelisa i-5 ″ ~ 25 ilitye elityumkileyo.
2.2 Indlela yokuvavanya
2.2.1 Indlela yokuvavanya ulwelo oluludaka
Izixhobo zovavanyo: NJ. I-160 yodidi lomxube wodaka lwesamente, eveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Iindlela zovavanyo kunye neziphumo zibalwa ngokwendlela yokuvavanya ukunyibilika kwencala yesamente kwiSihlomelo A se "GB 50119.2003 IiNkcazelo zobuGcisa zokuSetyenziswa kweMixube yeConcrete" okanye ((i-GB/T8077-2000 Indlela yoVavanyo ye-Homogeneousness ye-Concrete Admixtures) .
2.2.2 Indlela yokuvavanya ukumanzi kodaka olumanzi oluphezulu
Izixhobo zovavanyo: JJ. Uhlobo lwe-5 lomxube wodaka lwesamente, oluveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-2000B umatshini wovavanyo loxinzelelo lodaka, oveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B umatshini wovavanyo lokugoba udaka, oveliswe nguWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Indlela yokufumanisa ukuguguleka kodaka isekwe kwi-“JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials” kunye ne “GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures” Isihlomelo A, ubungakanani bokufa kwekowuni esetyenzisiweyo, ukuphakama yi-60mm, ububanzi bangaphakathi bezibuko eliphezulu yi-70mm. , i-diameter yangaphakathi ye-port ephantsi yi-100mm, kwaye ububanzi bangaphandle be-port esezantsi yi-120mm, kwaye ubunzima obubomileyo bomdaka abufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-2000g ngexesha ngalinye.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity ezimbini kufuneka zithathe ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lezalathiso ezimbini ezithe nkqo njengesiphumo sokugqibela.
2.2.3 Indlela yokuvavanya ukomelela kokuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo
Izixhobo zovavanyo eziphambili: WDL. Uhlobo lwe-5 umatshini wokuvavanya umhlaba jikelele, oveliswe yi-Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Indlela yovavanyo yamandla ebhondi yokuqina iya kuphunyezwa ngokubhekisele kwiCandelo le-10 le-(JGJ/T70.2009 Standard yeendlela zoVavanyo lweePropati eziSisiseko zeNgxowa-mali yokwakha.
Isahluko 3. Impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kwintlama ecocekileyo kunye nodaka lwemathiriyeli yesamente yebhinari yeengxubevange zezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo.
Impembelelo yoLwali
Esi sahluko siphonononga ii-ethers ezininzi ze-cellulose kunye ne-mineral blends ngokuvavanya inani elikhulu le-slurries ecocekileyo ye-sement-based slurries kunye ne-mortars kunye ne-binary cementitious system slurries kunye ne-mortars kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo kunye ne-fluidity yabo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwexesha. Umthetho wempembelelo yokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwemathiriyeli kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, kunye neempembelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyashwankathelwa kwaye zihlalutywe.
3.1 Isishwankathelo seprothokholi yovavanyo
Ngokujonga impembelelo ye-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yesamente ecocekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli yesamente, ubukhulu becala sifunda ngeendlela ezimbini:
1. i-puree. Ineenzuzo ze-intuition, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye iyona nto ifanelekileyo ukufumanisa ukulungelelaniswa kwe-admixtures efana ne-cellulose ether kwi-gelling material, kwaye ukungafani kuyabonakala.
2. Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu. Ukufikelela kwimo yokuqukuqela okuphakamileyo kukwakwenzelwa lula umlinganiselo kunye nokuqwalaselwa. Apha, ukulungelelaniswa kombuso wokuhamba kwereferensi kulawulwa ikakhulu yi-superplasticizers ephezulu yokusebenza. Ukunciphisa impazamo yovavanyo, sisebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi se-polycarboxylate esinokuguquguquka okubanzi kwisamente, ebuthathaka kubushushu, kwaye ubushushu bovavanyo kufuneka bulawuleke ngokungqongqo.
3.2 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kumanzi kwipaste yesamente ecocekileyo
3.2.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi epaste yesamente ecocekileyo.
Ijolise kwimpembelelo ye-cellulose ether kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo, i-slurry ye-samente ecocekileyo yenkqubo ye-cementitious yecandelo elilodwa yayisetyenziselwa kuqala ukujonga impembelelo. Esona salathisi sisalathiso apha samkela olona phawu lucacileyo lolwelo.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zithathwa njengezichaphazela ukuhamba:
1. Iindidi ze-cellulose ethers
2. Umxholo we-ether ye-cellulose
3. Ixesha lokuphumla elithambileyo
Apha, silungise umxholo wePC wepowder kwi-0.2%. Amaqela amathathu kunye namaqela amane ovavanyo asetyenzisiweyo kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, i-dosage ye-0%, i-O. 10%, i-O. 2%, ethi Og, 0.39, 0.69 (inani le-samente kuvavanyo ngalunye yi-3009). , kwi-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, oko kukuthi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi epaste yesamente ecocekileyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-CMC
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nexesha elifanayo lokuma, ngokwemiqathango yokuqala yamanzi, kunye nokongezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancinci; i-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure yehle kakhulu kunye nedosi, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure yeqela elingenanto. I-20mm inkulu kuneyokuqala (oku kunokubangelwa ukubuyiswa kwe-PC powder): -IJ, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane kwi-0.1% ye-dosage, kwaye iphinda inyuke kwakhona kwi-0.2% idosi.
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nedosi efanayo, i-fluidity yeqela elingenanto yayiyeyona inkulu kwisiqingatha seyure, kwaye yehla ngeyure enye (oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokuba emva kweyure enye, amaqhekeza e-samente abonakala ngakumbi kunye nokunamathela, i-inter-particle structure yaqala ukwenziwa, kwaye i-slurry yabonakala ngakumbi. i-fluidity yamaqela e-C1 kunye ne-C2 yehla kancinci kwisiqingatha seyure, ebonisa ukuba ukuxutywa kwamanzi kwe-CMC kunempembelelo ethile kurhulumente; ngelixa kumxholo we-C2, kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwiyure enye, ebonisa ukuba umxholo Umphumo wesiphumo sokubuyiswa kwe-CMC siphezulu.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Kungabonwa ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-CMC, isiganeko sokukrazula siqala ukubonakala, esibonisa ukuba i-CMC inefuthe elithile ekwandiseni i-viscosity ye-cement paste, kunye nempembelelo yokungenisa umoya ye-CMC ibangela ukuveliswa kwemveliso. amaqamza omoya.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukusuka kwigrafu yomgca wefuthe lexesha lokuma kwi-fluidity, kunokubonwa ukuba i-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure inkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala kunye neyure enye, kunye nokwanda komxholo we-HPMC, umkhwa ubuthathaka. Ngokubanzi, ilahleko ye-fluidity ayikho enkulu, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okucacileyo kwi-slurry, kwaye inesiphumo esithile sokunciphisa.
Inokubonwa kuqwalaselo lokuba ubumanzi bunovakalelo olugqithisileyo kumxholo we-HPMC. Kuluhlu lovavanyo, umxholo omkhulu we-HPMC, ubuncinci ubumanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzalisa ukungunda kwecone ye-fluidity ngokwayo phantsi komthamo ofanayo wamanzi. Inokubonwa ukuba emva kokongeza i-HPMC, ilahleko ye-fluidity ebangelwa lixesha ayinkulu kwi-slurry ecocekileyo.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Iqela elingenanto linento yokopha, kwaye inokubonwa ukusuka kutshintsho olubukhali lwe-fluidity kunye nedosi yokuba i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi anamandla kakhulu kunye nesiphumo esikhulayo kune-CMC, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni isiganeko esophayo. Amaqamza amakhulu omoya akufuneki aqondwe njengesiphumo sokungena emoyeni. Enyanisweni, emva kokunyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuselela awukwazi ukubethelwa kwiibhola ezincinci zomoya ngenxa yokuba i-slurry i-viscous kakhulu.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukususela kumgca wegrafu yempembelelo yomxholo we-HPMC (150,000) kwi-fluidity, impembelelo yokuguqulwa komxholo kwi-fluidity ibonakala ngakumbi kune-100,000 HPMC, ebonisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kuya kunciphisa. ubumanzi.
Ngokubhekiselele kuqwalaselo, ngokwendlela yonke yokutshintsha kwe-fluidity kunye nexesha, isiphumo seyure yesiqingatha se-HPMC (150,000) siyabonakala, ngelixa isiphumo se--4, sibi kakhulu kuneso se-HPMC (100,000) .
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Kwakusopha kwiqela elingenanto. Isizathu sokukrwela ipleyiti yayikukuba umlinganiselo wamanzi-samente wodaka olusezantsi lwaba luncinci emva kokopha, kwaye udaka lwaluxinene kwaye kunzima ukulukhuhla kwipleyiti yeglasi. Ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni into yokopha. Ngokunyuka komxholo, inani elincinci lamaqamza amancinci avele kuqala kwaye kwavela amaqamza amakhulu. Amaqamza amancinci abangelwa ikakhulu ngunobangela othile. Ngokufanayo, amaqamza amakhulu akufuneki aqondwe njengesiphumo sokungena emoyeni. Enyanisweni, emva kokunyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutywe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuselela i-viscous kakhulu kwaye awukwazi ukuphuphuma kwi-slurry.
3.3 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo ye-cellulose ether kubuninzi be-slurry ecocekileyo ye-multi-component cementitious materials
Eli candelo ikakhulu liphonononga isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwekhompawundi yee-admixtures ezininzi kunye ne-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose (i-carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) kwi-fluidity ye-pulp.
Ngokufanayo, amaqela amathathu kunye namaqela amane ovavanyo asetyenzisiweyo kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kwi-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo we-0%, 0.10%, kunye ne-0.2%, oko kukuthi 0g, 0.3g, kunye ne-0.6g (idosi yesamente yovavanyo ngalunye yi-300g). Kwi-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, oko kukuthi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Umxholo wePC wepowder ulawulwa kwi-0.2%.
I-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder kwi-admixture ye-mineral ithathelwa indawo ngumlinganiselo ofanayo wendlela yokuxuba yangaphakathi, kwaye amanqanaba okuxuba aphakathi kwe-10%, i-20% kunye ne-30%, oko kukuthi, inani lokutshintshwa ngu-30g, 60g kunye ne-90g. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela impembelelo yomsebenzi ophezulu, i-shrinkage, kunye nelizwe, umxholo we-silica fume ulawulwa kwi-3%, 6%, kunye ne-9%, oko kukuthi, 9g, 18g, kunye ne-27g.
3.3.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether ekumanzini koludaka olusulungekileyo lwemathiriyeli yesamente yokubini.
(1) Iskimu sovavanyo lokumanzi kwemathiriyeli yesamente yokubini exutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo..
(2) Isicwangciso sovavanyo lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious materials exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kunye ne-admixtures yezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo..
(3) Iskimu sovavanyo lokunyibilika kwezinto ezimbiweyo zesamente ezixutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo yezimbiwa..
3.3.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi amacandelo amaninzi e-cementitious materials.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry exutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube yeminerali eyahlukeneyo..
Inokubonwa kule nto ukuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwelo lokuqala lwe-slurry, kwaye luthande ukwandisa ngokunyuka komxholo we-fly ash. Ngelo xesha, xa umxholo we-CMC ukhula, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane, kwaye ukuhla okuphezulu ku-20mm.
Kungabonwa ukuba umbane wokuqala we-slurry ecocekileyo unokunyuswa kwi-dosage ephantsi ye-powder yamaminerali, kwaye ukuphuculwa kwe-fluidity akubonakali xa idosi ingaphezulu kwe-20%. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani le-CMC kwi-O. Kwi-1%, i-fluidity iphezulu.
Inokubonwa kule nto ukuba umxholo we-silica fume ngokubanzi unefuthe elibi kwi-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry. Kwangaxeshanye, i-CMC iphinde yanciphisa kancinane ubumanzi.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure solulwelo lwemathiriyeli enyulu yesamente exutywe ne-CMC kunye nengxubevange yeeminerali..
Kungabonwa ukuba ukuphuculwa kolwelo lothuthu lwempukane kwisiqingatha seyure lusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwidosi ephantsi, kodwa kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba isondele kumda wokuhamba kodaka olusulungekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-CMC isenokuncipha okuncinci kumanzi.
Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba ngakumbi impukane uthuthu kuyingenelo ukulawula ilahleko fluidity ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kuya kubonakala kule nto ukuba inani elipheleleyo le-powder yamaminerali alinayo impembelelo embi ecacileyo kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure, kwaye isiqhelo asinamandla. Ngelo xesha, umphumo womxholo we-CMC kwi-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure awubonakali, kodwa ukuphuculwa kwe-20% yeqela le-mineral powder replacement group kubonakala ngokucacileyo.
Ingabonwa ukuba impembelelo embi ye-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nenani le-silica fume kwisiqingatha seyure ibonakala ngakumbi kuneyokuqala, ngakumbi umphumo kwi-6% ukuya kwi-9% ibonakala ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhla komxholo we-CMC kubuninzi be-fluidity malunga ne-30mm, enkulu kunokuncipha komxholo we-CMC ukuya ekuqaleni.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusuka koku, kunokubonwa ukuba umphumo wempukane uthuthu kumanzi ucacile, kodwa ifunyenwe kuvavanyo ukuba uthuthu lwempukane alunasiphumo esicacileyo sokuphucula ukopha. Ukongezelela, umphumo wokunciphisa we-HPMC kwi-fluidity ibonakala kakhulu (ingakumbi kuluhlu lwe-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15% ye-dosage ephezulu, ukuhla okuphezulu kunokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-50mm).
Kuyabonakala ukuba i-powder yamaminerali inefuthe elincinci kwi-fluidity, kwaye ayiphuculi kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukongezelela, umphumo wokunciphisa we-HPMC kwi-fluidity ifikelela kwi-60mm kuluhlu lwe-0.1%.～I-0.15% yedosi ephezulu.
Ukusuka koku, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuncitshiswa kolwelo lomsi we-silica kubonakala ngakumbi kuluhlu lwedosi enkulu, kwaye ukongeza, umsi we-silica unesiphumo esicacileyo sokuphucula ukopha kuvavanyo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-HPMC inefuthe elicacileyo ekucuthekeni kolwelo (ingakumbi kuluhlu lwedosi ephezulu (0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15%) Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphembelela ulwelo, i-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC zidlala indima ephambili, kwaye enye I-admixture isebenza njengohlengahlengiso oluncinci oluncedisayo.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngokubanzi, umphumo we-admixtures ezintathu kwi-fluidity ifana nexabiso lokuqala. Xa umsi we-silica uphezulu kwi-9% kunye nomxholo we-HPMC ngu-O. Kwimeko ye-15%, into eyenzekayo yokuba idatha ayinakuqokelelwa ngenxa yesimo esibi se-slurry kwakunzima ukuzalisa i-cone mold. , ebonisa ukuba i-viscosity ye-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC inyuke kakhulu kwiidosi eziphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CMC, i-viscosity eyandayo isiphumo se-HPMC ibonakala kakhulu.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious slurry ecocekileyo exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusukela koku, kunokubonwa ukuba i-HPMC (150,000) kunye ne-HPMC (100,000) ineempembelelo ezifanayo kwi-slurry, kodwa i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokuncipha okukhulu kancinci kwi-fluidity, kodwa ayibonakali, ekufuneka inxulumene nokupheliswa. ye-HPMC. Isantya sinobudlelwane obuthile. Phakathi kwezixube, umphumo we-fly ash content kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ngokusisiseko i-linear kwaye ilungile, kwaye i-30% yomxholo inokunyusa i-fluidity nge-20,-,30mm; Impembelelo ayibonakali, kwaye umphumo wayo wokuphucula ekuphumeni kwegazi ulinganiselwe; nakwinqanaba ledosi encinci engaphantsi kwe-10%, umsi we-silica unempembelelo ecacileyo ekunciphiseni ukopha, kwaye indawo yayo ethile iphantse ibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunesamente. ulandelelwano lobungakanani, isiphumo sokufakwa kwayo kwamanzi ekuhambeni sibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngelizwi, kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ubumanzi be-slurry, idosi ye-silica fume kunye ne-HPMC yeyona nto iphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye kulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi, kucace ngakumbi, enye Isiphumo semixube sisesekondari kwaye sidlala indima yohlengahlengiso oluncedisayo.
Inxalenye yesithathu ishwankathela impembelelo ye-HPMC (i-150,000) kunye ne-admixtures kwi-fluidity ye-pulp ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure, esifana ngokubanzi nomthetho wempembelelo yexabiso lokuqala. Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukwanda kwe-fly ash kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kwisiqingatha seyure kubonakala kancinci kunokonyuka kwe-fluidity yokuqala, impembelelo ye-slag powder ayibonakali, kunye nefuthe le-silica fume content kwi-fluidity. isabonakala kakhulu. Ukongeza, ngokubhekiselele kumxholo we-HPMC, kukho izinto ezininzi ezingenakuthululwa kumxholo ophezulu, obonisa ukuba i-O. 15% idosi inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekunyuseni kwe-viscosity kunye nokunciphisa umbane, kunye ne-fluidity kwisiqingatha. iyure, xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lokuqala, iqela le-slag's O. I-fluidity ye-05% HPMC yehla ngokucacileyo.
Ngokumalunga nokulahleka kolwelo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukudityaniswa komsi we-silica kunempembelelo enkulu kuyo, ngakumbi kuba umsi we-silica unokulunga okukhulu, umsebenzi ophezulu, ukusabela okukhawulezayo, kunye nobuchule obunamandla bokufunxa ukufuma, okukhokelela kubuntununtunu. ubumanzi ukuya kwixesha lokuma. Ukuya.
3.4 Yenza ulinge ngesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo ene-high-fluidity mortar
3.4.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo
Sebenzisa udaka olumanzi oluphezulu ukujonga ifuthe lalo ekusebenzeni. Esona salathisi sisalathiso apha luvavanyo lwe-fluidity yeyure yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zithathwa njengezichaphazela ukuhamba:
1 iintlobo ze-cellulose ethers,
2 Umthamo we-cellulose ether,
3 Ixesha lokuma kodaka
3.4.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nocazululo lwefuthe le-cellulose ether kumanzi odaka olusekwe kwisamente ecocekileyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lolwelo lodaka lwesamente oluxutywe neCMC
Isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kunye nexesha elifanayo lokuma, ngokwemiqathango yokuqala yamanzi, kunye nokongezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancinane, kwaye xa umxholo ufikelele ku-O. Kwi-15%, kukho ukuhla okucacileyo; uluhlu oluhlayo lwe-fluidity kunye nokunyuka komxholo kwisiqingatha seyure kufana nexabiso lokuqala.
2. Uphawu:
Xa sithetha ngethiyori, xa kuthelekiswa nodaka olucocekileyo, ukudityaniswa kweeaggregates eludaka kwenza kube lula ukuba amaqamza omoya afakwe eludaka, yaye isiphumo sokuvalela kwee-aggregates kwimibhobho yokopha kuya kwenza kube lula ukugcina amaqamza omoya okanye ukopha. Kwi-slurry, ngoko ke, umxholo we-bubble yomoya kunye nobukhulu bodaka kufuneka ube ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kunoludaka olucocekileyo. Kwelinye icala, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokwanda komxholo we-CMC, ukuncipha kwamanzi kuyancipha, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-CMC inesiphumo esithile sokuqina kudaka, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwesiqingatha seyure lubonisa ukuba amaqamza aphuphuma phezu komhlaba. ukwanda kancinci. , ekwabonakalisa kwakhona ukuhambelana okunyukayo, kwaye xa ukuhambelana kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, iibhubhu ziya kuba nzima ukugqithiswa, kwaye akukho zibhubhu ezicacileyo ziya kubonakala phezu komhlaba.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente oluxutywe ne-HPMC (100,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Inokubonwa kumzobo ukuba ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CMC, i-HPMC inefuthe eliqinileyo lokujiya. Isiphumo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono. Ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%, uluhlu lweenguqu ze-fluidity lubonakala ngakumbi, kwaye ukusuka kwi-O. Emva kwe-1%, akukho tshintsho lokuqala okanye lwesiqingatha seyure kwi-fluidity enkulu kakhulu.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Inokubonwa kwitheyibhile kunye nomfanekiso ukuba akukho maqamza kumaqela amabini e-Mh2 kunye ne-Mh3, ebonisa ukuba i-viscosity yamaqela amabini sele ikhulu kakhulu, ikhusela ukuphuphuma kwamaqamza kwi-slurry.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente olusulungekileyo oluxutywe ne-HPMC (150,000)
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo:
1. Isalathisi sokushukuma:
Ukuthelekisa amaqela aliqela ngexesha elifanayo lokuma, umkhwa jikelele kukuba zombini i-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure iyancipha ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, kwaye ukuncipha kubonakala ngakumbi kunoko kwe-HPMC kunye ne-viscosity ye-100,000, ebonisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC yenza ukuba inyuke. Umphumo wokuqina uqiniswa, kodwa kwi-O. Isiphumo sedosi engaphantsi kwe-05% ayicacanga, i-fluidity inotshintsho olukhulu kuluhlu lwe-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%, kwaye i-trend iphinda ibe kuluhlu lwe-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.15%. Yehlisa isantya, okanye uyeke ukutshintsha. Ukuthelekisa ixabiso lelahleko ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure (i-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure fluidity) ye-HPMC ene-viscosities ezimbini, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokunciphisa ixabiso lelahleko, ebonisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokumisela isiphumo sokubuyiswa. ngcono kune-viscosity ephantsi.
2. Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yesiganeko:
Ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni ukopha, ii-HPMC ezimbini zinokumahluko omncinci ekusebenzeni, zombini ezinokuthi zigcine ngokufanelekileyo amanzi kunye nokuqina, ziphelise iziphumo ezibi zokuphuma kwegazi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zivumele amaqamza ukuba aphuphume ngokufanelekileyo.
3.5 Uvavanyo malunga nefuthe le-cellulose ether ekumanzini kwe-high fluidity mortar yeesistim ezahlukeneyo ze-cementitious material.
3.5.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwesiphumo se-cellulose ethers kwi-fluidity ye-high-fluidity mortars ye-cementitious material systems.
Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu lusasetyenziswa ukujonga impembelelo yalo kumanzi. Ezona zalathisi zesalathiso kukuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ukubhaqwa kolwelo lodaka.
(1) Iskimu sovavanyo lodaka olumanzi kunye nezixhobo zesamente ezidibeneyo ezixutywe ne-CMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo yezimbiwa.
2
3
3.5.2 Isiphumo se-cellulose ether ekumanzini kodaka olunolwelo oluphezulu kwisistim yemathiriyeli yesamente yebhinari yeengxubevange zezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo.
(1) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lolwelo lodaka lwesamente oluxubene neCMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala fluidity, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukongezwa impukane ash kunokuphucula kancinane ulwelo lodaka; xa umxholo we-mineral powder u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci; kunye ne-silica fume inempembelelo enkulu kumanzi, ngakumbi kuluhlu lwe-6% ~ 9% yokwahluka komxholo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokuphuma kwamanzi malunga ne-90mm.
Kumaqela amabini empukane uthuthu kunye nomgubo wamaminerali, i-CMC inciphisa umbane wodaka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngelixa kwiqela le-silica fume, O. Ukwanda komxholo we-CMC ngaphezu kwe-1% akusayi kuchaphazela kakhulu umbane wodaka.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neCMC kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Ukususela kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-fluidity kwisiqingatha seyure, kunokugqitywa ukuba umphumo womxholo we-admixture kunye ne-CMC ufana nowokuqala, kodwa umxholo we-CMC kwiqela le-mineral powder litshintsha ukusuka kwi-O. O. Utshintsho lwe-2% lukhulu, kwi-30mm.
Ngokumalunga nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-fly ash inefuthe lokunciphisa ilahleko, ngelixa i-powder yamaminerali kunye ne-silica fume iya kwandisa ixabiso lokulahlekelwa phantsi kwe-dosage ephezulu. I-9% yedosi ye-silica fume yenza ukuba uvavanyo lokungunda lungazaliswa lulodwa. , i-fluidity ayinakulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity test ye-binary cementitious mortar exutywe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neHPMC (viscosity 100,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Kusenokuqukunjelwa ngemifuniselo yokuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula kancinane ubumanzi bodaka; xa umxholo we-mineral powder u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci; Idosi inovakalelo kakhulu, kwaye iqela le-HPMC elinedosi ephezulu kwi-9% ineendawo ezifileyo, kwaye ulwelo luyanyamalala.
Umxholo we-cellulose ether kunye ne-silica fume nazo zezona zinto zicacileyo ezichaphazela ubumanzi bodaka. Isiphumo se-HPMC sikhulu ngokucacileyo kuneso se-CMC. Eminye imixube inokuphucula ukulahleka kolwelo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
(3) Iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala lwe-fluidity ye-binary cementitious mortar exutywe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity ye-150,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesiqingatha seyure sodaka lwesamente oluxubene neHPMC (viscosity 150,000) kunye nemixube eyahlukeneyo.
Kusenokuqukunjelwa ngemifuniselo yokuba ukongezwa kothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula kancinane ubumanzi bodaka; xa umxholo we-powder wamaminerali u-10%, umbane womdaka unokuphuculwa kancinci: i-silica fume isasebenza kakhulu ekuxazululeni i-phenomenon yokuphuma kwegazi, ngelixa i-Fluidity iyimpembelelo embi kakhulu, kodwa ingaphantsi kwempembelelo yayo kwi-slurries ecocekileyo. .
Inani elikhulu lamabala afileyo abonakala phantsi komxholo ophezulu we-cellulose ether (ingakumbi kwitheyibhile ye-fluidity yesiqingatha seyure), ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuchithwa kodaka, kunye nomgubo wezimbiwa kunye nothuthu lwempukane kunokuphucula ilahleko. Ukuqukuqela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
3.5 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
1. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwentlama yesamente ecocekileyo exutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba
1. I-CMC ineziphumo ezithile zokulibaziseka kunye nokungenisa umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthathaka, kunye nelahleko ethile ekuhambeni kwexesha.
2. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwesiphumo se-HPMC kucacile, kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kurhulumente, kwaye i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka komxholo. Inomphumo othile wokungenisa umoya, kwaye ukuqina kuyabonakala. I-15% iya kubangela amaqamza amakhulu kwi-slurry, ebopheleleke ukuba ibe yingozi kumandla. Ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC, ilahleko exhomekeke kwixesha le-slurry fluidity yanda kancinane, kodwa ayicacanga.
2. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-slurry fluidity ye-binary gelling system ye-admixtures yamaminerali axutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba:
1. Umthetho wempembelelo ye-ethers ye-cellulose emithathu kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ye-binary cementitious system ye-admixtures ye-mineral admixtures ineempawu ezifanayo kunye nomthetho wempembelelo ye-fluidity ye-sement slurry ecocekileyo. I-CMC inefuthe elincinane ekulawuleni ukopha, kwaye inefuthe elibuthathaka ekunciphiseni ulwelo; iintlobo ezimbini ze-HPMC zinokwandisa i-viscosity yodaka kunye nokunciphisa uketshezi ngokubonakalayo, kwaye enye ene-viscosity ephezulu inesiphumo esicacileyo.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, i-fly ash ineqondo elithile lokuphucula kwi-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-slurry ecocekileyo, kwaye umxholo we-30% unokunyuswa malunga ne-30mm; umphumo wepowder yamaminerali kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo ayinakho rhoqo ngokucacileyo; I-silicon Nangona umxholo wothuthu uphantsi, u-ultra-fineness ekhethekileyo, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-adsorption eyomeleleyo yenza ukuba kunciphise kakhulu umbane we-slurry, ngakumbi xa i-0.15% ye-HPMC yongezwa, kuya kubakho i-cone molds engenakuzaliswa. Isiganeko.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ayibonakali, kwaye i-silica fume inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo inani lokuphuma kwegazi.
4. Ngokubhekiselele kwisiqingatha seyure yokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity, ixabiso lokulahleka kwe-fly ash lincinci, kwaye ixabiso lelahleko leqela elibandakanya i-silica fume likhulu.
5. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lomxholo, izinto ezichaphazela ukuchithwa kwe-slurry, umxholo we-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zezona zinto ziphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwamanzi, ngokucacileyo. Impembelelo yepowder yamaminerali kunye ne-powder yamaminerali yinto yesibini, kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
3. Ukuthelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity yodaka lwesamente oluxutywe nee-ether ezintathu ze-cellulose, kunokubonwa ukuba
1. Emva kokongeza i-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose, i-phenomenon ephumayo yapheliswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye umbane wodaka ngokubanzi wehla. Ukuqina okuthile, isiphumo sokugcina amanzi. I-CMC ineziphumo ezithile zokulibaziseka kunye nokungenisa umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthathaka, kunye nelahleko ethile ekuhambeni kwexesha.
2. Emva kokongeza i-CMC, ukulahlekelwa kwe-mortar fluidity ekuhambeni kwexesha kuyanda, okunokuthi ngenxa yokuba i-CMC i-ionic cellulose ether, ekulula ukwenza imvula kunye ne-Ca2 + kwi-samente.
3. Ukuthelekiswa kwee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose kubonisa ukuba i-CMC inefuthe elincinane kwi-fluidity, kwaye iindidi ezimbini ze-HPMC zinciphisa kakhulu umbane wodaka kumxholo we-1/1000, kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu. ngokucacileyo.
4. Iindidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya, eya kubangela ukuba amaqamza angaphezulu aphuphume, kodwa xa umxholo we-HPMC ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, amaqamza ahlala kwi-bubbles. ludaka kwaye alunakuphuphuma.
5. Isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-HPMC sicacile, esinempembelelo enkulu kwimeko yomxube, kwaye i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka komxholo, kwaye ukuqina kuyabonakala.
4. Thelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo lwe-fluidity lwe-multiple mineral admixture binary cementitious materials ezixutywe nee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose.
Njengoko kunokubonwa:
1. Umthetho wempembelelo yee-ethers ezintathu ze-cellulose kwi-fluidity ye-multi-component cementitious material mortar iyafana nomthetho wempembelelo kumanzi odaka olucocekileyo. I-CMC inefuthe elincinane ekulawuleni ukopha, kwaye inefuthe elibuthathaka ekunciphiseni ulwelo; iindidi ezimbini ze-HPMC zinokwandisa i-viscosity yodaka kwaye zinciphise ubuninzi ngokubonakalayo, kwaye enye ene-viscosity ephezulu inesiphumo esicacileyo.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, i-fly ash ineqondo elithile lokuphucula kwi-fluidity yokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-slurry ecocekileyo; impembelelo ye-slag powder kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo ayinakho rhoqo ngokucacileyo; nangona umxholo we-silica fume uphantsi, i-ultra-fineness ekhethekileyo, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-adsorption enamandla yenza ukuba ibe nefuthe elikhulu lokunciphisa kwi-fluidity ye-slurry. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-paste ecocekileyo, kufumaniseka ukuba umphumo we-admixtures udla ngokuba buthathaka.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ayibonakali, kwaye i-silica fume inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo inani lokuphuma kwegazi.
4. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ukuguquguquka kodaka, idosi ye-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zezona zinto ziphambili, nokuba kukulawula ukopha okanye kulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi, kungaphezulu. ngokucacileyo, i-silica fume 9% Xa umxholo we-HPMC yi-0.15%, kulula ukubangela ukuba ukubunjwa kokugcwalisa kube nzima ukuzalisa, kwaye impembelelo yezinye i-admixtures yesibini kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
5. Kuya kubakho amaqamza phezu komphezulu wodaka kunye nolwelo olungaphezulu kwe-250mm, kodwa iqela elingenanto ngaphandle kwe-ether ye-cellulose ngokubanzi ayinamaqamza okanye inani elincinci kakhulu lamaqamza, ebonisa ukuba i-ether cellulose inomoya othile wokungenisa umoya. isiphumo kwaye yenza i-slurry viscous. Ukongeza, ngenxa ye-viscosity egqithisileyo yodaka olunodaka olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuba amaqamza omoya adada ngaphezulu ngenxa yesiphumo sobunzima bomzimba we-slurry, kodwa igcinwe eludaka, kwaye impembelelo yayo kumandla ayinakuba. ingahoywa.
Isahluko 4 Iimpembelelo zeCellulose Ethers kwiiPropati zeMechanical of Mortar
Isahluko esidlulileyo sifunde umphumo wokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures yamaminerali ahlukeneyo kwi-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity. Esi sahluko ikakhulu sihlalutya usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo lwe-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixtures eyahlukeneyo kwi-high fluidity mortar kunye nefuthe loxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kokuqina kokubambisana kodaka oludibeneyo kunye ne-cellulose ether kunye neeminerali. imixube ikwashwankathelwa kwaye ihlalutywe.
Ngokutsho kophando malunga nokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kwizinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ye-paste ecocekileyo kunye nodaka kwiSahluko 3, kwinkalo yokuvavanya amandla, umxholo we-cellulose ether ngu-0.1%.
4.1 Uvavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural yodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity
Amandla acinezelayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-admixtures yeminerali kunye ne-cellulose ethers kwi-high-fluidity infusion mortar yaphandwa.
4.1.1 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo kumandla oxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka kwesamente ecocekileyo esekwe kwisamente ephezulu emanzi
Umphumo weentlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kwi-compressive and flexural properties of pure cement-based high-fluid mortar kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kumxholo oqingqiweyo we-0.1% wenziwa apha.
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwamandla: Ngokubhekiselele kumandla e-flexural, i-CMC inempembelelo ethile yokomeleza, ngelixa i-HPMC inesiphumo esithile sokunciphisa; ngokubhekiselele kumandla oxinzelelo, ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunomthetho ofanayo kunye namandla okuguquguquka; i-viscosity ye-HPMC ichaphazela amandla amabini. Inempembelelo encinci: ngokwemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo, zonke ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150,000 inesiphumo esicacileyo.
(2) Iziphumo zokuthelekisa amandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe
Uhlalutyo lwamandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe: Ngokubhekiselele kumandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo, kukho umthetho ofanayo kumandla eentsuku ezintathu. Xa kuthelekiswa noxinzelelo lweentsuku ezintathu-uxinzelelo, kukho ukunyuka okuncinci kumandla oxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthelekiswa kwedatha yexesha elifanayo leminyaka kunokubona umphumo we-HPMC ekunciphiseni umlinganiselo woxinzelelo. ngokucacileyo.
(3) Iziphumo zokuthelekisa amandla eentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo
Uhlalutyo lwamandla eentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo: Ngokumalunga namandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla oxinzelelo, kukho imithetho efanayo kumandla eentsuku ezintathu. Amandla e-flexural akhula ngokucothayo, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo ayanda ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Uthelekiso lwedatha yexesha elifanayo lobudala lubonisa ukuba i-HPMC inempembelelo ecacileyo ngakumbi ekuphuculeni umlinganiselo wokugoba.
Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwamandla eli candelo, kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuphuculwa kwe-brittleness yodaka kukhawulelwe yi-CMC, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa-ukugoba unyukile, okwenza udaka lube lukhuni ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, ekubeni isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi siqheleke ngakumbi kuneso se-HPMC, i-ether ye-cellulose esiyiqwalaselayo kuvavanyo lwamandla apha yi-HPMC yee-viscosities ezimbini. Nangona i-HPMC inefuthe elithile ekunciphiseni amandla (ingakumbi amandla okuqala), kunenzuzo ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-refraction, oluncedo kubunzima bodaka. Ukongeza, idityaniswe nezinto ezichaphazela ubumanzi kwiSahluko 3, kwisifundo sokudityaniswa kwe-admixtures kunye ne-CE Kuvavanyo lwesiphumo, siya kusebenzisa i-HPMC (100,000) njenge-CE ehambelanayo.
4.1.2 Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye namandla athambileyo we-mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Ngokovavanyo lwe-fluidity ye-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka oluxutywe kunye nemixube kwisahluko sangaphambili, kunokubonwa ukuba ukumanzi kwe-silica fume kuyancipha ngokucacileyo ngenxa yemfuno enkulu yamanzi, nangona inokuthi iphucule ingxinano kunye namandla umlinganiselo othile. , ngakumbi amandla oxinzelelo, kodwa kulula ukubangela ukuba umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-to-fold ratio ube mkhulu kakhulu, okwenza ukuba i-mortar brittleness ibe yinto ephawulekayo, kwaye kuvumelana ukuba i-silica fume yandisa ukucutheka kodaka. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-skeleton shrinkage ye-coarse aggregate, ixabiso le-shrinkage yodaka likhulu ngokumalunga nekhonkrithi. Udaka (ingakumbi udaka olukhethekileyo olufana nodaka olubophayo kunye nodaka lokutyabeka), owona monakalo mkhulu udla ngokushwabana. Kwiintanda ezibangelwa kukulahleka kwamanzi, amandla kaninzi ayingowona mba ubalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, i-silica fume yalahlwa njenge-admixture, kwaye kuphela i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlola umphumo wesiphumo sayo esidibeneyo kunye ne-cellulose ether kumandla.
4.1.2.1 Iskimu sovavanyo lwamandla olucinezelayo kunye ne-flexural yodaka olumanzi oluphezulu
Kulo vavanyo, umlinganiselo womdaka kwi-4.1.1 usetyenzisiwe, kwaye umxholo we-cellulose ether wawulungiswe kwi-0.1% kwaye uthelekiswa neqela elingenanto. Inqanaba ledosi yovavanyo lwe-admixture yi-0%, 10%, 20% kunye ne-30%.
4.1.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural kunye nohlalutyo lodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity
Inokubonwa kwixabiso lovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo ukuba amandla oxinzelelo lwe-3d emva kokongeza i-HPMC imalunga ne-5/VIPa esezantsi kuneqela elingenanto. Ngokubanzi, ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixture eyongeziweyo, amandla oxinzelelo abonisa ukuhla komgangatho. . Ngokumalunga ne-admixtures, amandla eqela le-mineral powder ngaphandle kwe-HPMC iyona nto ibhetele, ngelixa amandla eqela le-fly ash lingaphantsi kancinane kuneqela le-mineral powder, ebonisa ukuba i-mineral powder ayisebenzi njengesamente, kwaye ukufakwa kwayo kuya kunciphisa kancinci amandla okuqala enkqubo. Uthuthu lwempukane olunemisebenzi ephantsi lunciphisa amandla ngokucacileyo. Isizathu sokuhlalutya kufuneka ukuba i-fly ash ithatha inxaxheba ikakhulu kwi-hydration yesibini ye-samente, kwaye ayinagalelo kakhulu kumandla okuqala omdaka.
Inokubonwa kwimilinganiselo yokuvavanya amandla okuguquguqukayo ukuba i-HPMC isenempembelelo embi kumandla we-flexural, kodwa xa umxholo we-admixture uphezulu, into yokunciphisa amandla e-flexural ayisabonakali. Isizathu sinokuba sisiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-HPMC. Izinga lokulahleka kwamanzi kumphezulu webhloko yovavanyo lodaka liyancipha, kwaye amanzi okuhambisa amanzi anele ngokwaneleyo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-admixtures, amandla okuguquguquka abonisa ukuhla kwenyuka kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-admixture, kwaye amandla aguquguqukayo eqela le-mineral powder liphinde libe lincinci kuneqela le-fly ash, ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-mineral powder. inkulu kunothuthu lwempukane.
Inokubonwa kwixabiso elibaliweyo le-compression-reduction ratio ukuba ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kuya kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka komdaka, kodwa ngokwenene ngeendleko zokunciphisa okukhulu kumandla oxinzelelo.
Ngokumalunga ne-admixtures, njengoko inani le-admixture linyuka, i-compression-fold ratio ivame ukunyuka, ebonisa ukuba i-admixture ayihambisani nokuguquguquka komdaka. Ukongeza, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba i-compression-fold ratio yodaka ngaphandle kwe-HPMC iyanda kunye nokongezwa kwe-admixture. Ukonyuka kukhulu kancinane, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inokuphucula i-embrittlement yodaka olubangelwa ukongezwa kwe-admixtures ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
Ingabonwa ukuba kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-7d, imiphumo emibi ye-admixtures ayibonakali. Amaxabiso amandla oxinzelelo aphantse afane kwinqanaba ngalinye ledosi ye-admixture, kwaye i-HPMC isenayo into engalunganga ecacileyo kumandla oxinzelelo. isiphumo.
Ingabonwa ukuba ngokwemiqathango yamandla e-flexural, i-admixture inefuthe elibi kwi-7d ukumelana ne-flexural ngokubanzi, kwaye kuphela iqela le-powders yamaminerali lenze ngcono, ngokusisiseko ligcinwe kwi-11-12MPa.
Ingabonwa ukuba i-admixture inefuthe elibi ngokubhekiselele kwi-indentation ratio. Ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixture, i-indentation ratio iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, oko kukuthi, i-mortar i-brittle. I-HPMC inokunciphisa ngokucacileyo umlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukonakala kodaka.
Kuyabonakala ukuba ukusuka kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-28d, i-admixture idlale isiphumo esiluncedo ngakumbi kumandla kamva, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo anyuswe yi-3-5MPa, eyona nto ibangelwa yimpembelelo yokuzaliswa kwe-micro-admixture. kunye ne-pozzolanic substance. Isiphumo sesibini se-hydration sezinto eziphathekayo, kwelinye icala, sinokusebenzisa kwaye sidle i-calcium hydroxide eveliswa yi-cement hydration (i-calcium hydroxide sisigaba esibuthathaka kumdaka, kwaye ukutyetyiswa kwayo kwi-interface transition zone kuyonakalisa amandla), Ukuvelisa ngaphezulu Iimveliso zokugalela amanzi, kwelinye icala, zikhuthaza iqondo lokugalelwa kwesamente kwaye zenze udaka lube xinene ngakumbi. I-HPMC isenesiphumo esibi kakhulu kumandla oxinzelelo, kwaye amandla abuthathaka anokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-10MPa. Ukuhlalutya izizathu, i-HPMC yazisa inani elithile lamaqamza omoya kwinkqubo yokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukubumbana komzimba wodaka. Esi sesinye isizathu. HPMC lula adsorbed kumphezulu amasuntswana eqinileyo ukwenza ifilimu, ukuthintela inkqubo hydration, kwaye ujongano transition zone buthathaka, nto leyo engabangeli amandla.
Ingabonwa ukuba ngokwemigaqo ye-28d yamandla e-flexural, idatha ine-dispersion enkulu kunamandla oxinzelelo, kodwa umphumo ombi we-HPMC usenokubonakala.
Ingabonwa ukuba, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa, i-HPMC inenzuzo ngokubanzi ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kodaka. Kwiqela elinye, ngokunyuka kwenani le-admixtures, i-compression-refraction ratio yanda. Uhlalutyo lwezizathu lubonisa ukuba i-admixture inokuphucuka okucacileyo kumandla oxinzelelo kamva, kodwa ukuphuculwa okuncinci kumandla okuguquka kamva, okukhokelela kumlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwe-compression-refraction. ukuphuculwa.
4.2 Iimvavanyo zamandla ezicinezelayo kunye ne-flexural zodaka oludibeneyo
Ukuze uhlolisise impembelelo ye-cellulose ether kunye ne-admixture kwi-compressive and flexural force of bonded mortar, uvavanyo lugxininise umxholo we-cellulose ether HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) njenge-0.30% yobunzima obomileyo bomdaka. kwaye kuthelekiswa neqela elingenanto.
I-Admixtures (i-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder) isavavanywa kwi-0%, i-10%, i-20%, kunye ne-30%.
4.2.1 Isikimu sovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye ne-flexural yodaka oludityanisiweyo
4.2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwempembelelo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo lokuba i-HPMC ngokucacileyo ayithandeki ngokwemigaqo ye-28d yamandla oxinzelelo lwe-bonding mortar, eya kubangela ukuba amandla ehle malunga ne-5MPa, kodwa isalathisi esiphambili sokugweba umgangatho wodaka olubophezelayo ayisiyiyo. amandla oxinzelelo, ngoko kuyamkeleka; Xa umxholo wekhompawundi uyi-20%, amandla oxinzelelo afanelekile.
Ingabonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ngokwembono yamandla e-flexural, ukunciphisa amandla okubangelwa yi-HPMC akukhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba udaka oludityanisiweyo lunolwelo olulambathayo kunye neempawu zeplastiki ezicacileyo xa kuthelekiswa nodaka olunolwelo oluphezulu. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zokutyibilika kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ezinye zeziphumo ezibi zokungenisa igesi ukunciphisa ukubumbana kunye nokudibanisa buthathaka; i-admixtures ayinayo impembelelo ecacileyo kumandla aguquguqukayo, kwaye idatha yeqela le-fly ash iyaguquguquka kancinane.
Inokubonwa kwiimvavanyo ukuba, ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ngokubanzi, ukwanda komxholo we-admixture kwandisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ongathandekiyo kukuqina komdaka; I-HPMC inefuthe elihle, elinokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngo-O. 5 apha ngasentla, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba, ngokutsho kwe "JG 149.2003 Ibhodi ye-Polystyrene eyandisiweyo yeBhodi ye-Thin Plaster yangaphandle ye-Wall Insulation System", akukho mfuneko efunekayo. kuba umlinganiselo wocinezelo-ukusongwa kwisalathiso sokubhaqa sodaka lokudityaniswa, kunye nomlinganiselo wokucinezela-ukusonga ubukhulu becala Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kodaka lokutyabeka, kwaye esi salathiso sisetyenziswa kuphela njengesalathiso sokuguquguquka kwebhondi. udaka.
4.3 UVavanyo lwaMandla oQhagamshelwano lwe-Bonding Mortar
Ukuze uphonononge umthetho wempembelelo ye-composite ye-ether ye-cellulose kunye ne-admixture kumandla ebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, bhekisa kwi-"JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" kunye ne "JG 149.2003 Ibhodi eyandisiweyo yePolystyrene eNcinciweyo yokuPlastering yaNgaphandle kweendonga" Inkqubo”, siye saqhuba uvavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi, sisebenzisa i-bonding mortar ratio kwiThebhile 4.2.1, kunye nokulungisa umxholo we-cellulose ether HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) ukuya kwi-0 yobunzima obomileyo bodaka .30% , kwaye xa kuthelekiswa neqela elingenanto.
I-Admixtures (i-fly ash kunye ne-slag powder) isavavanywa kwi-0%, i-10%, i-20%, kunye ne-30%.
4.3.1 Isikimu sovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
4.3.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
(1) Iziphumo ze-14d zovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi kunye nodaka lwesamente
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo lokuba amaqela adityaniswe ne-HPMC angcono kakhulu kuneqela elingenanto, ebonisa ukuba i-HPMC inenzuzo kumandla okudibanisa, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-HPMC sikhusela amanzi kwindawo yokudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nodaka. ibhloko yovavanyo lodaka lwesamente. Udaka oludityanisiweyo kwi-interface lunamanzi ngokupheleleyo, ngaloo ndlela lunyusa amandla ebhondi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-admixtures, amandla ebhondi aphakamileyo kwidosi ye-10%, kwaye nangona idigri ye-hydration kunye nesantya se-samente inokuphuculwa kwi-dosage ephezulu, iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba le-hydration ye-cementitious. izinto eziphathekayo, ngaloo ndlela kubangela ukuncamathelisa. ukunciphisa amandla amaqhina.
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ngokwexabiso lovavanyo lobungakanani bexesha lokusebenza, idatha ayicacanga, kwaye i-admixture inesiphumo esincinci, kodwa ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bokuqala, kukho ukuhla okuthile, kwaye ukuhla kwe-HPMC kuncinci kunelo qela elingenanto, ebonisa ukuba Kugqitywe ukuba umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-HPMC unenzuzo ekunciphiseni ukusabalalisa kwamanzi, ukwenzela ukuba ukuncipha kwamandla ebhondi yodaka kuncipha emva kwe-2.5h.
(2) Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-14d bond amandla odaka lwebhondi kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene eyandisiweyo
Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba ixabiso lovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi phakathi kodaka oludityanisiweyo kunye nebhodi yepolystyrene icace ngakumbi. Ngokubanzi, kunokubonwa ukuba iqela elixutywe ne-HPMC lisebenza ngakumbi kuneqela elingenanto ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono. Ewe, ukufakwa kwee-admixtures kunciphisa ukuzinza kovavanyo lwamandla ebhondi.
4.4 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
1. Ngodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, kunye nokwanda kweminyaka, umlinganiselo we-compressive-fold ratio unokunyusa; ukudityaniswa kwe-HPMC kunesiphumo esicacileyo sokunciphisa amandla (ukuncipha kwamandla oxinzelelo kubonakala ngakumbi), okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umlinganiselo wokugoqa, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inoncedo olucacileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqina kodaka. . Ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ezintathu, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ingenza igalelo elincinci kumandla kwi-10%, ngelixa amandla ehla kwi-dosage ephezulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wokutyumza uyanda ngokunyuka kwe-admixtures yamaminerali; kumandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe, Imixube emibini inefuthe elincinane kumandla, kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo sokunciphisa amandla othuthu lwempukane isabonakala; ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ze-28, i-admixtures ezimbini ziye zafaka isandla kumandla, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla. Zombini zonyuswe kancinci, kodwa umyinge woxinzelelo-fold uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo.
2. Kwi-28d yoxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwe-flexural yodaka oludibeneyo, xa umxholo we-admixture u-20%, i-compressive and flexural power performance ingcono, kwaye i-admixture isakhokelela ekunyuseni okuncinci kwi-compressive-fold ratio, ebonisa i-Adverse yayo. impembelelo kukuqina kodaka; I-HPMC ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okubalulekileyo kwamandla, kodwa inokunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa-ukuphinda-phinda.
3. Ngokubhekiselele kukuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, i-HPMC inefuthe elithile elincomekayo kukuqina kwebhondi. Uhlalutyo lufanele lube kukuba umphumo walo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahleka komswakama wodaka kwaye uqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okwaneleyo; Ubudlelwane phakathi komxholo womxube abukho rhoqo, kwaye ukusebenza ngokubanzi kubhetele ngodaka lwesamente xa umxholo u-10%.
Isahluko sesi-5 iNdlela yokuQikelela amandla okuNxinzelela ngodaka kunye neNkonkrithi
Kwesi sahluko, indlela yokuqikelela amandla ezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente ngokusekelwe kwi-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixture kunye ne-FERET ithiyori yamandla. Okokuqala sicinga ngodaka njengohlobo olukhethekileyo lwekhonkrithi ngaphandle kwee-aggregates ezirhabaxa.
Kuyaziwa ukuba amandla oxinzelelo luphawu olubalulekileyo lwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente (ikhonkrithi kunye nodaka) ezisetyenziswe njengezinto zokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezinempembelelo, akukho modeli yezibalo enokuthi iqikelele ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bayo. Oku kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile kuyilo, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi. Iimodeli ezikhoyo zamandla ekhonkrithi zineenzuzo zazo kunye nokungalunganga: ezinye ziqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi ngokusebenzisa i-porosity yekhonkrithi ukusuka kwindawo eqhelekileyo yokujonga i-porosity yezinto eziqinileyo; ezinye zijolise kwimpembelelo yobudlelwane bomlinganiselo wamanzi-binder kumandla. Eli phepha ikakhulu lidibanisa i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-pozzolanic admixture kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, kwaye lenza uphuculo oluthile ukwenza ukuba ichaneke ngakumbi ukuqikelela amandla oxinzelelo.
5.1 Ithiyori yaMandla kaFeret
Ngo-1892, uFeret waseka imodeli yokuqala yezibalo yokuqikelela amandla acinezelayo. Phantsi kwesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada enikiweyo, ifomula yokuqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi iyacetywa okokuqala.
Inzuzo yale fomula kukuba i-grout concentration, ehambelana namandla ekhonkrithi, inentsingiselo ecacileyo yomzimba. Ngelo xesha, impembelelo yomxholo womoya ithathelwa ingqalelo, kwaye ukuchaneka kwefomula kunokubonakaliswa ngokomzimba. Ingqiqo yale fomyula kukuba ichaza ulwazi lokuba kukho umda kumandla okhonkrithi onokufumaneka. Ukungalungi kukuba iyayihoya impembelelo ye-aggregate ye-particle size, i-particle shape kunye ne-aggregate type. Xa kuqikelelwa amandla ekhonkrithi kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo ngokuhlengahlengisa ixabiso le-K, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ahlukeneyo kunye nobudala bubonakaliswa njengeseti yokwahlukana ngemvelaphi yolungelelwaniso. Ijika alihambelani nemeko yangempela (ingakumbi xa ixesha lide). Ngokuqinisekileyo, le fomula ecetywayo nguFeret yenzelwe udaka lwe-10.20MPa. Ayinakukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokupheleleyo nokuphuculwa kokuqina koxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi kunye neempembelelo zokwanda kwamacandelo ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yekhonkrithi yodaka.
Kuthathwa apha ukuba amandla ekhonkrithi (ingakumbi kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo) ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumandla odaka lwesamente kwikhonkrithi, kunye namandla odaka lwesamente kuxhomekeke kubuninzi bentlama yesamente, oko kukuthi, ipesenti yevolumu. wemathiriyeli yesamente kwintlama.
Ithiyori inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nefuthe le-void ratio factor kumandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ithiyori ibekwe ngaphambili, impembelelo ye-admixture components kumandla ekhonkrithi ayizange iqwalaselwe. Ngenxa yoku, eli phepha liza kwazisa i-coefficient yempembelelo ye-admixture esekelwe kwi-coefficient yomsebenzi wokulungisa inxalenye. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngesiseko sale fomula, i-coefficient yempembelelo ye-porosity kumandla ekhonkrithi iyakhiwa kwakhona.
5.2 I-coefficient yomsebenzi
I-coefficient yomsebenzi, i-Kp, isetyenziselwa ukuchaza umphumo wezinto ze-pozzolanic kumandla oxinzelelo. Ngokucacileyo, kuxhomekeke kubume bezinto ze-pozzolanic ngokwazo, kodwa nakwiminyaka yekhonkrithi. Umgaqo-siseko wokumisela i-coefficient yomsebenzi kukuthelekisa amandla oxinzelelo lodaka oluqhelekileyo kunye namandla oxinzelelo lomnye udaka kunye ne-admixtures ye-pozzolanic kunye nokutshintshwa kwesamente ngomlinganiselo ofanayo womgangatho wesamente (ilizwe p luvavanyo lomlinganiso womsebenzi. Sebenzisa i-surrogate. iipesenti). Umlinganiselo wobu bunzima bumbini ubizwa ngokuba yi-coefficient yomsebenzi we-FO), apho u-t iyiminyaka yodaka ngexesha lovavanyo. Ukuba i-fO) ingaphantsi kwe-1, umsebenzi we-pozzolan ungaphantsi kwe-samente r. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba i-fO) inkulu kuno-1, i-pozzolan inomsebenzi ophezulu wokuphinda usebenze (oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa i-silica fume yongezwa).
Ngomsebenzi oqhelekileyo osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-28-day compressive force, ngokutsho ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder esetyenziswa kwisamente kunye nekhonkrithi) H90, i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-granulated blast furnace slag powder ikwi-samente eqhelekileyo yodaka Umlinganiselo wamandla. efunyenwe ngokutshintsha i-50% yesamente ngesiseko sovavanyo ngokutsho ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash esetyenziswe kwisamente kunye nekhonkrithi), i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-fly ash ifunyenwe emva kokutshintshwa kwe-30% yesamente ngesiseko sodaka oluqhelekileyo lwesamente; uvavanyo Ngokwe "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-silica fume ngumlinganiselo wamandla ofunyenwe ngokutshintshela i-10% yesamente ngesiseko sovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-cement mortar.
Ngokubanzi, igranulated blast furnace slag powder Kp=0.95～1.10, bhabha uthuthu Kp=0.7-1.05, umsi wesilika Kp=1.00～1.15. Sicinga ukuba umphumo walo kumandla uzimele kwisamente. Oko kukuthi, indlela yokwenza i-pozzolanic reaction kufuneka ilawulwe ngokusebenza kwakhona kwe-pozzolan, kungekhona ngesantya se-lime precipitation ye-cement hydration.
5.3 Impembelelo ye-coefficient ye-admixture kumandla
5.4 Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumandla
5.5 Impembelelo ye-coefficient ye-aggregate composition kumandla
Ngokweembono zonjingalwazi PK Mehta kunye nePC Aitcin eUnited States, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla iipropati HPC ngaxeshanye, umlinganiselo umthamo wesamente ludaka ukuba aggregate kufuneka 35:65 [4810] Ngenxa yokuba. yeplastiki jikelele kunye fluidity Isixa esipheleleyo se-aggregate yekhonkrithi ayitshintshi kakhulu. Logama nje amandla esiseko semathiriyeli edibeneyo ngokwawo ehlangabezana neemfuno zenkcazo, impembelelo yesixa esipheleleyo se-aggregate kumandla ayihoywa, kwaye iqhezu elihlanganisiweyo lilonke linokumiselwa ngaphakathi kwe-60-70% ngokweemfuno zokuhla. .
Kukholelwa ukuba umlinganiselo we-coarse kunye ne-fine aggregates uya kuba nefuthe elithile kumandla ekhonkrithi. Njengoko sonke sisazi, elona candelo libuthathaka kwikhonkrithi yindawo yenguqu yojongano phakathi kweaggregate kunye nesamente kunye nezinye iipaste zesamente. Ngoko ke, ukungaphumeleli kokugqibela kwekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo kubangelwa umonakalo wokuqala wendawo yenguqu ye-interface phantsi koxinzelelo olubangelwa yizinto ezifana nomthwalo okanye utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa. kubangelwa ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweentanda. Ke ngoko, xa idigri ye-hydration ifana, ubukhulu bendawo yotshintsho yojongano, kokukhona kulula ukuqhekeka kokuqala kuya kuphuhla kube lude lokuqhekeka emva koxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Oko kukuthi, okukhona iiaggregates ezirhabaxa ezinemilo yejometri eqhelekileyo kunye nezikali ezikhulu kwindawo yenguqu yojongano, kokukhona uxinzelelo olukhulu olunokwenzeka lokuqhekeka kokuqala, kunye nokubonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo ukuba amandla ekhonkrithi ayanda ngokunyuka komdibaniso orhabaxa. umlinganiselo. kuncitshisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, le ngongoma ingasentla yeyokuba kufuneka ibe yintlabathi ephakathi enodaka oluncinci kakhulu.
Umlinganiselo wesanti nawo unempembelelo ethile ekuweni. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo wesanti unokumiselwa kwangaphambili ngeemfuno zokudilika, kwaye unokumiselwa ngaphakathi kwe-32% ukuya kwi-46% yekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.
Ubungakanani kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-admixtures kunye ne-mineral admixtures zichongwa ngumxube welingo. Kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo, inani le-mineral admixture kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-40%, ngelixa kwikhonkrithi ephezulu, i-silica fume akufanele idlule i-10%. Umthamo wesamente akufanele ube mkhulu kune-500kg/m3.
5.6 Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokuqikelela ukukhokela umzekelo wokubala wemixube
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zezi zilandelayo:
Isamente yi-E042.5 yesamente eveliswe yiLubi Cement Factory, kwisiXeko saseLaiwu, kwiPhondo laseShandong, kwaye ukuxinana kwayo yi-3.19/cm3;
I-fly ash yi-grade II ball ash eveliswa nguJinan Huangtai Power Plant, kunye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi wayo ngu-O. 828, ubuninzi bayo yi-2.59 / cm3;
I-silica fume eveliswa ngu-Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ine-coefficient yomsebenzi we-1.10 kunye nobuninzi be-2.59 / cm3;
Isanti yomlambo eyomileyo yaseTaian inoxinano lwe-2.6 g/cm3, ubuninzi bobuninzi be-1480kg/m3, kunye ne-fineness modulus ye-Mx=2.8;
UJinan Ganggou uvelisa i-5-'25mm ilitye elomileyo elomileyo elinobuninzi be-1500kg / m3 kunye nobuninzi malunga ne-2.7∥cm3;
I-agent yokunciphisa amanzi esetyenzisiweyo yi-self-made aliphatic ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi, kunye nesantya sokunciphisa amanzi kwi-20%; idosi ethile imiselwa ngokomfuniselo ngokweemfuno zokuthotywa. Ukulungiswa kovavanyo lwekhonkrithi yeC30, i-slump iyadingeka ukuba ibe mkhulu kune-90mm.
1. amandla okuqulunqa
2. umgangatho wesanti
3. Ukumiselwa kwemiba yempembelelo yoBunzulu ngabunye
4. Cela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
5. I-dosage ye-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ihlengahlengiswa ngokwemfuno ye-slump. Idosi yi-1%, kwaye i-Ma=4kg yongezwa kubunzima.
6. Ngale ndlela, umlinganiselo wokubala ufunyenwe
7. Emva kokuxutywa kwesilingo, kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokudilika. Umlinganiselo we-28d amandla oxinzelelo yi-39.32MPa, ehlangabezana neemfuno.
5.7 IsiShwankathelo seSahluko
Kwimeko yokungahoyi ukusebenzisana kwe-admixtures I no-F, siye saxoxa nge-coefficient yomsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, kwaye safumana impembelelo yezinto ezininzi kumandla ekhonkrithi:
1 Concrete admixture ifuthe i-coefficient
2 Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
3 I-Coefficient yempembelelo ye-aggregate yokwakheka
4 Uthelekiso lokwenene. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuba indlela ye-28d yoqikelelo lwamandla ekhonkrithi ephuculwe ngumlinganiso womsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret iyavumelana kakuhle nemeko eyiyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukulungiswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
Isahluko 6 Isiphelo kunye neNkalo
6.1 Izigqibo eziphambili
Inxalenye yokuqala ithelekisa ngokubanzi uvavanyo oluludaka olucocekileyo kunye noludaka lwemixube yeeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezixutywe neendidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers, kwaye ifumana le mithetho iphambili ilandelayo:
1. I-ether ye-cellulose ineempembelelo ezithile zokubuyiswa kunye ne-air-entraining. Phakathi kwabo, i-CMC inempembelelo yokugcina amanzi ebuthathaka kwidosi ephantsi, kwaye inelahleko ethile ngokuhamba kwexesha; ngelixa i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okubalulekileyo kunye nesiphumo sokuqina, esinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ubuninzi be-pulp ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, kwaye Isiphumo sokutyeba se-HPMC esine-viscosity ephezulu yegama sibonakala kancinane.
2. Phakathi kwemixube, ulwelo lokuqala kunye nesiqingatha seyure ye-fly ash kwi-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka luye lwaphuculwa kwinqanaba elithile. Umxholo we-30% wovavanyo olucocekileyo lwe-slurry unokunyuswa malunga ne-30mm; i-fluidity ye powder yamaminerali kwi-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nomdaka Akukho mgaqo ocacileyo wempembelelo; nangona umxholo we-silica umsi uphantsi, ukulunga kwayo okukodwa kwe-ultra-fineness, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo lokunciphisa ulwelo lwe-slurry ecocekileyo kunye nodaka, ngakumbi xa ixutywe ne-0.15 Xa% HPMC, kuya kubakho into yokuba i-cone iyafa ayinakuzaliswa. Xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-slurry ecocekileyo, kufunyenwe ukuba umphumo we-admixture kuvavanyo lomdaka udla ngokuba buthathaka. Ngokumalunga nokulawula ukopha, uthuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo wamaminerali azibonakali. Umsi we-silica unokunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wokuphuma kwegazi, kodwa awuhambisani nokunciphisa umbane wodaka kunye nokulahleka kwexesha, kwaye kulula ukunciphisa ixesha lokusebenza.
3. Kuluhlu oluhlukeneyo lotshintsho lwedosi, izinto ezichaphazela ukuguquguquka kwe-samente-based slurry, idosi ye-HPMC kunye ne-silica fume zizinto eziphambili, zombini kulawulo lokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokulawulwa kwe-flow state, zicacile. Impembelelo ye-ash ash kunye ne-mineral powder iyisibini kwaye idlala indima yokulungelelanisa.
4. Iindidi ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers zinempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya, eya kubangela ukuba amaqamza aphuphume kumphezulu we-slurry ecocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo we-HPMC ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, iibhubhu azikwazi ukugcinwa kwi-slurry. phuphuma. Kuya kubakho amaqamza phezu kodaka kunye nolwelo olungaphezulu kwe-250ram, kodwa iqela elingenanto ngaphandle kwe-ether ye-cellulose ngokubanzi ayinamaqamza okanye inani elincinci kakhulu lamaqamza, ebonisa ukuba i-ether ye-cellulose inempembelelo ethile yokungenisa umoya kwaye yenza i-slurry. viscous. Ukongeza, ngenxa ye-viscosity egqithisileyo yodaka olunodaka olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuba amaqamza omoya adada ngaphezulu ngenxa yesiphumo sobunzima bomzimba we-slurry, kodwa igcinwe eludaka, kwaye impembelelo yayo kumandla ayinakuba. ingahoywa.
Icandelo II IiPropati zeMechanical zodaka
1. Ngodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity, kunye nokunyuka kweminyaka yobudala, umlinganiselo wokutyumza unomgangatho ophezulu; ukongezwa kwe-HPMC kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa amandla (ukuncipha kwamandla oxinzelelo kubonakala ngakumbi), okukhokelela ekutyunjweni Ukuncipha komlinganiselo, oko kukuthi, i-HPMC inoncedo olucacileyo ekuphuculeni ukuqina kodaka. Ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ezintathu, i-fly ash kunye ne-mineral powder ingenza igalelo elincinci kumandla kwi-10%, ngelixa amandla ehla kwi-dosage ephezulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wokutyumza uyanda ngokunyuka kwe-admixtures yamaminerali; kumandla eentsuku ezisixhenxe, Imixube emibini inefuthe elincinane kumandla, kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo sokunciphisa amandla othuthu lwempukane isabonakala; ngokubhekiselele kumandla eentsuku ze-28, i-admixtures ezimbini ziye zafaka isandla kumandla, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla. Zombini zonyuswe kancinci, kodwa umyinge woxinzelelo-fold uyanda ngokunyuka komxholo.
2. Kwi-28d ye-compressive and flexural strength of the bonded mortar, xa umxholo we-admixture u-20%, amandla okunyamezela kunye ne-flexural angcono, kwaye i-admixture isakhokelela ekunyuseni okuncinci kwi-compress-to-fold ratio, ebonisa i-compressive-fold-fold ratio. isiphumo kudaka. Imiphumo emibi yokuqina; I-HPMC ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla.
3. Ngokubhekiselele kukuqina kwebhondi yodaka oludityanisiweyo, i-HPMC inefuthe elithile elincomekayo kumandla ebhondi. Uhlalutyo lufanele lube kukuba umphumo walo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kumdaka kwaye uqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okwaneleyo. Amandla ebhondi anxulumene ne-admixture. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwedosi ayikho rhoqo, kwaye ukusebenza ngokubanzi kubhetele ngodaka lwesamente xa idosi yi-10%.
4. I-CMC ayifanelekanga kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-cementous, isiphumo sayo sokugcina amanzi asibonakali, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, yenza udaka lube lukhuni ngakumbi; ngelixa i-HPMC inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-compression-to-fold ratio kwaye iphucule ukuqina kodaka, kodwa kungenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kumandla oxinzelelo.
5. Iimfuno ze-fluidity ezibanzi kunye namandla, umxholo we-HPMC we-0.1% ufanelekile ngakumbi. Xa uthuthu lwempukane lusetyenziselwa udaka lwesakhiwo okanye olomeleziweyo olufuna ukuqina ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla okuqala, idosi akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, kwaye idosi ephezulu imalunga ne-10%. Iimfuno; ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuzinza komthamo we-mineral powder kunye ne-silica fume, kufuneka zilawulwe kwi-10% kunye ne-3% ngokulandelanayo. Iziphumo ze-admixtures kunye ne-cellulose ethers azihambelani kakhulu, kunye
ube nesiphumo esizimeleyo.
Inxalenye yesithathu Kwimeko yokungahoyi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-admixtures, ngokuxubusha i-coefficient ye-coefficient ye-mineral admixtures kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, umthetho wempembelelo yezinto ezininzi kumandla ekhonkrithi (udaka) ufunyenwe:
1. I-Coefficient yempembelelo yoMxube weMineral
2. Impembelelo yomlinganiso wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi
3. Impembelelo yempembelelo yokwakheka okudibeneyo
4. Uthelekiso lwangempela lubonisa ukuba indlela ye-28d yokuqikelela amandla ekhonkrithi ephuculwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kunye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret iyavumelana kakuhle nemeko yokwenyani, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukulungiswa kodaka kunye nekhonkrithi.
6.2 Iintsilelo kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka
Eli phepha liphonononga ubukhulu becala ubumanzi kunye neempawu zoomatshini bokuncamathelisa okucocekileyo kunye nodaka lwenkqubo yesamente yokubini. Impembelelo kunye nempembelelo yesenzo esidibeneyo sezinto ezininzi ze-cementitious kufuneka zifundwe ngakumbi. Kwindlela yokuvavanya, ukuhambelana kodaka kunye ne-stratification ingasetyenziswa. Umphumo we-cellulose ether kwi-consistency kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar kufundwa ngeqondo le-cellulose ether. Ukongeza, i-microstructure yodaka phantsi kwesenzo se-cellulose ether kunye ne-mineral admixture nayo kufuneka ifundwe.
I-Cellulose ether ngoku yenye yezinto ezidityanisiweyo zomxube wodaka olwahlukeneyo. Isiphumo saso esihle sokugcina amanzi sandisa ixesha lokusebenza kodaka, yenza udaka lube ne-thixotropy elungileyo, kwaye luphucule ukuqina kodaka. Ikulungele ukwakhiwa; kunye nokusetyenziswa kothuthu lwempukane kunye nomgubo weminerali njengenkunkuma yoshishino eludaka nako kunokudala inzuzo enkulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-29-2022