Ukuvelisa i-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi kunye nokuphendula kweekhemikhali. I-CMC yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini ephuma kwi-cellulose, i-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeseli zezityalo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye namalaphu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukuzinzisa, kunye neempawu zokubopha. Nasi isikhokelo esineenkcukacha malunga nendlela yokuvelisa i-carboxymethylcellulose:
Intshayelelo yeCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC):
I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) iphuma kwi-cellulose, i-polysaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zesityalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-CMC kubandakanya ukuguqula i-cellulose ngokusabela kweekhemikhali ukwazisa amaqela e-carboxymethyl kumqolo we-cellulose. Olu hlengahlengiso lunika ukunyibilika kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezinqwenelekayo kwipolymer.
Iimpahla ezingekasilwa:
Iselulosi: Eyona mathiriyeli ekrwada yeCMC yiselulosi. I-Cellulose inokufunyanwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yendalo efana ne-pulp yomthi, iilitha zomqhaphu, okanye iintsalela zezolimo.
I-Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Ikwaziwa njenge-caustic soda, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kwizigaba zokuqala ze-CMC yokuvelisa unyango lwe-cellulose alkali.
I-Chloroacetic Acid (ClCH2COOH): I-Chloroacetic acid yeyona ndawo isetyenziswayo ukwazisa amaqela e-carboxymethyl kwi-cellulose backbone.
I-Etherification Catalyst: Ii-Catalysts ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide okanye i-sodium carbonate zisetyenziselwa ukuququzelela ukusabela kwe-etherification phakathi kwe-cellulose kunye ne-chloroacetic acid.
Izinyibilikisi: Izinyibilikisi ezifana ne-isopropanol okanye i-ethanol zingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa ii-reactants kunye nokunceda kwinkqubo yokusabela.
Inkqubo yeMveliso:
Ukuveliswa kwe-carboxymethylcellulose kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi abalulekileyo:
1. Unyango lweAlkali lweSelulosi:
I-Cellulose iphathwa nge-alkali eyomeleleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kwakhona ngokuguqula amanye amaqela ayo e-hydroxyl kwi-alkali cellulose. Olu nyango ludla ngokuqhutyelwa kwinqanawa yereactor kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo. I-alkali cellulose eyenziweyo iyahlanjwa kwaye ingathathi hlangothi ukususa i-alkali engaphezulu.
2. Etherification:
Emva konyango lwe-alkali, i-cellulose iphendulwa nge-chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) phambi kwe-etherification catalyst. Le ndlela yokusabela yazisa amaqela e-carboxymethyl kwi-cellulose backbone, ekhokelela ekwenziweni kwe-carboxymethylcellulose. Ukusabela kwe-etherification ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo zobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye ne-pH ukuphumeza iqondo elinqwenelekayo lokuthatha indawo (DS) kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli ye-CMC.
3. Ukuhlamba kunye nokuCoca:
Ukulandela i-etherification reaction, imveliso ye-CMC ekrwada ihlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kususwe ii-reagents ezingaphendulwanga, iimveliso eziphumayo, kunye nokungcola. Ukuhlamba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amanzi okanye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezilandelwa yi-filtration okanye i-centrifugation. Amanyathelo okucoca asenokubandakanya unyango ngeeasidi okanye iziseko zokulungelelanisa i-pH kunye nokususa izinto ezishiyekileyo.
4. Ukomisa:
I-CMC ehlambulukileyo yomiswa ukuze isuse ukufuma kwaye ifumane imveliso yokugqibela ngomgubo okanye ifom yegranular. Ukomisa ngokwesiqhelo kusenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinje ngokumisa isitshizi, ukomisa ngevacuum, okanye ukomisa umoya phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo ukuthintela ukuthotywa okanye ukudityaniswa kwepolymer.
Ulawulo lwemeko:
Amanyathelo olawulo lomgangatho ayimfuneko kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso ye-CMC ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana, ukucoceka, kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo zemveliso yokugqibela. Iimpawu eziphambili zomgangatho ziquka:
I-Degree of substitution (DS): I-avareji yenani lamaqela e-carboxymethyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose kwikhonkco le-cellulose.
Ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bemolekyuli: Ukumiselwa ngobuchule obufana nemilinganiselo ye-viscosity okanye i-gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Ukucoceka: Kuvavanywa ngeendlela zokuhlalutya ezifana ne-infrared spectroscopy (IR) okanye i-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ukufumanisa ukungcola.
I-Viscosity: Ipropati ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi, ezilinganiswe ngokusebenzisa i-viscometers ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCarboxymethylcellulose:
ICarboxymethylcellulose ifumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:
Ishishini lokuTya: Njengesityebi, isizinzisi, kunye ne-emulsifier kwiimveliso ezifana neesosi, izinxibo, i-ayisikrimu, kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo.
Pharmaceuticals: Kuqulunqo lwamachiza njengesibophelelo, i-disintegrant, kunye ne-viscosity modifier kwiipilisi, ukunqunyanyiswa, kunye ne-topical formulations.
Izithambiso: Kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezifana neekhrimu, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye neshampu njengesixhobo sokujiya kunye nesilungisi serheology.
Iimpahla: Kushicilelo lwelaphu, ukulinganisa, kunye neenkqubo zokugqiba ukuphucula iimpawu zelaphu kunye nokusebenza.
Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko:
Imveliso ye-CMC ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo ezithatha amandla ngamandla, ezinokuthi zibe neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iinzame zokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeCMC. Ukuphunyezwa kwezona ndlela zilungileyo zokunyanga inkunkuma, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nempilo yasemsebenzini kunye nokhuseleko kunokuncedisa ukuthomalalisa ezi nkxalabo.
Ukuveliswa kwe-carboxymethylcellulose kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi ukusuka kwi-cellulose extraction ukuya kunyango lwe-alkali, i-etherification, ukuhlanjululwa, kunye nokomisa. Amanyathelo olawulo lomgangatho abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukungaguquguquki kunye nokusulungeka kwemveliso yokugqibela, efumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ingqwalasela yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko yimiba ebalulekileyo yemveliso yeCMC, igxininisa imfuneko yokwenziwa kwezinto ezizinzileyo nezinoxanduva.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-27-2024