Zingaphi izinto ezongezelelwayo kumdibaniso owomileyo?

I-1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nempahla yokuthambisa

Uhlobo oluphambili lwezinto ezigcina amanzi agcina amanzi yi-ether yeseli. I-Teluplose Ether ingumntu osebenza kakuhle kakhulu onokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kodaka ngesixa esincinci esongeneyo. Iguqulwa kwi-selly-insulase yamanzi kwifibbhile enyibilikiswe ngamanzi ngokusabela. Yenziwe nge-ether ecacileyo kwaye ineyunithi esisisiseko se-anhhyddroglucose. Inepropathi eyahlukileyo ngohlobo kunye nenani lamaqela abeka endaweni yendawo yokufaka endaweni yoko. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-thi cokener ukulungisa ukungangqinelani kodaka; Ukugcinwa kwawo amanzi kunokuhlengahlengisa kakuhle imfuno yodaka, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhulula amanzi ngexesha elithile, elinokuthi liqinisekise ukuba i-slickry kunye ne-rati-abrest ibukekile. Kwangelo xesha, i-Selese-I-Seler Inokuba ihlengahlengisa iipropathi ze-suheological yodaka, ukonyusa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza. I-ether ilandelayo ye-ether inokuthi isetyenziswe njengezongezo zekhemikhali kudaka oluxubileyo: i-①na-carboxymethyl sellyulose; I-②itelose; ③methyl SellUlose; I-④hydroxy seluplose ether; ⑤hydroxypropyl Methyl Sellulose; ⑥starch ester, njlnjl. ②inccall The Bethemation; ③Thears akukho lula ukopha kwaye zahlukile; Ukunganyangeki kokuqhekeka kakhulu; U-Corers kulula ukwakha kwii-matirs ezinqabileyo. Ukongeza kwezi ndawo zingasentla, ii-seluplose ezahlukeneyo zikwanazo neempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo. I-Cai Wei isuka kwiYunivesithi yaseChongqong ishwankathelwe ngendlela yokuphucula i-methyl selete ekwenzeni udaka. Wayekholelwa ukuba emva kokongeza i-MC (i-methyl seluplose i-ether) i-Arhente yokugcina amanzi kudaka, kuya kwenziwa amaqamli amaninzi. Isebenza njengebhola ekhatywayo, ephucula ukusebenza kodaka olusandul 'ukuxuba, kwaye amaqam emoyeni asagcinwa kwisiko elilukhuni, esenza i-pores ezimeleyo kwaye evimba iipores ezizimeleyo. Iarhente yokugcina amanzi i-MC inokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-riard entsha ibe ngumgangatho omkhulu, ongenakuthintela nje udaka ekwenzini nasekuthinteleni amanzi ngokukhawuleza Inqanaba lokuqala, ukuze isamente lingangcono, ukuze amandla ebhonde aphuculwe. Ukufakwa kwearhente ye-MC yamanzi kuya kuphucula ukuntywila kodaka. Le yiarhente yokugcina amanzi amdaka ngamanzi anokuzaliswa ziipores, ukuze i-pores ye-porences elulalweni iya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ke ukulahleka kwamanzi kuya kuncitshiswa kodaka olomileyo. Ixabiso. I-Telulose Ether ixutywe ngokobumbano olwenziweyo, ngakumbi xa isetyenziswa njenge-tile. Ukuba i-seluplose i-ether ixutywe kwi-tile ye-tile, umthamo wokugcinwa kwamanzi e-tile ye-tile inokuthi iphuculwe kakhulu. I-seluplose ether ithintela ukuphulukana namanzi ngokukhawuleza kwisamente kwizitena okanye izitena, ukuze isamente saneleyo sokuqinisa ngokupheleleyo, siphucula amandla oluleko. Ukongeza, i-Selersese Itery ikwaphucula iprintation ye-mastic, yenza ukwakhiwa kube lula, kunyuse indawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-mastic kunye nesitephu somzimba, nokuba i-mastic ye-mastic, nokuba Ukuxinana komhlaba kuphezulu. Iithayile zigxunyekwe kwindawo ethe nkqo ngaphandle kokutyibilika kwe-mastic. I-Telupelose Ether inokulibazisa kwakhona ukusekwa kwesikhumba sesamente, isandisa ixesha elivulekileyo, kwaye sandisa inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwesamente.

I-2. Ifayibha ye-organic

Iintsinga ezazisetyenziswa kudaka zinokwahlulahlulwa zibe ziintsinga zentsimbi, iintsinga ze-inorganic kunye neentsinga zezinto eziphilayo ngokweempawu zabo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukongeza iintsinga kudaka kunokuba kukuphucula kakhulu umsebenzi wayo wokuqhekeka kunye nokulwa. Iintsinga ze-organic zihlala zongezwa kubukhoboka obuxubeneyo ukuphucula ukungafezeki kunye nokunganyangwa kodaka. I-fiber esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo: i-fiber fiber (PP), i-Polyamide (i-Polyid) (PA) iFireberle, i-Polyvintylonitl Bully, i-Polyvingl fiber, i-Polyetster fiber, i-Polyteeter fiber, i-Polyeesene fiber i Okwangoku isetyenziswe kakhulu. Yi-crystalline polymer enezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe nge-Propyling monomer eProphenene phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Inengxaki yokunganyangeki yekhemikhali, ukuveliswa okuhle, ubunzima bokukhanya, i-finkinkige encinci, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-fiber ye-polyproplene ayichasanga kwi-acid kunye ne-alkali, kwaye ayisabelanga kakuhle kwizixhobo ezisekwe kwizamente, ifumene phesheya kwikhaya kunye nelinye ilizwe. Isiphumo sokuchasana neentsinga ezixutywe nodaka kukhwaziwe ikakhulu zizigaba ezimbini: inye inqanaba lobudenge seplastiki; Elinye linqanaba lomzimba elilukhuni. Kwinqanaba leplastiki yodaka, iiribenga ezisasazwa ngokulinganayo zibonisa ubume benethiwekhi ezintathu, ezidlala indima ekuxhaseni i-Aggregate entle, ithintele ukuhlawulwa kwendawo efanelekileyo yokuhlanganisa, kwaye inciphise ukwahlulahlula. I-disgregarest sesona sizathu siphambili sokuqhekeka kobungululi, kwaye ukongezwa kweentsinga kunciphisa ukwahlula-hlula kodaka kunye nokunciphisa ithuba lokuqhekeza umhlaba. Ngenxa yokuxhonywa kwamanzi kwinqanaba leplastiki, i-shrinkage yodaka iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo olunamanye, kwaye ukongezwa kweentsinga kungathwala olu xinzelelo lweefowuni. Kwinqanaba elinzima lodaka, ngenxa yobukho bomhlaba owomisayo, i-carcbonization shrinkage, kunye neqondo lobushushu i-shrinkige, uxinzelelo luya kwenziwa ngaphakathi kodaka. ulwandiso lwe-roacccck. U-Yunwa nabanye baqukumbela kuhlalutyo lovavanyo lwe-racker placki ongezelelekileyo kwi-fiber ye-polyproplene enokunciphisa ukuvela kweplastiki yeplastiki kwaye iphucule ukunganyangeki kodaka. Xa umxholo wevolumu ye-fiber ye-polyproplene kwi-firrs yi-0.05% kunye ne-0.10%, imifuno inokuncitshiswa nge-65% ne-75%, ngokulandelelana. I-Huang Chengya nabanye ukusuka esikolweni seZinto zeZixhobo, iDyunivesithi yase-China eMzantsi, ikwaqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwentsebenzo ye-fiberproplene ye-fiberproplene ye-fiberproplene esongeza udaka lwe-polyproplene onzuzo kunye nolinganiso yodaka lokuthamba. Isixa esifanelekileyo se-fiber kwisamente yesamente simalunga ne-0.9KG / M3, ukuba isixa esigqithayo i-fiber of faces esikhundleni sesamente asiyi kuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye ayisiyoqoqosho. Ukongeza iintsinga kodaka kunokuphucula ukungafezeki kodaka. Xa i-qumerix inyibilika, ngenxa yendima yemivalo entle edlalwa zii-fibers, amandla aphethwe ngokufanelekileyo. Nokuba kukho amancinci amancinci emva kokudibana, phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle, ukwandiswa kwezicholo kuya kuthintelwa kwinkqubo yenethiwekhi yefayibha. , Kunzima ukukhula ukuba ibe yimingxunya emikhulu, ngoko kunzima ukwenza indlela ye-bit, ngaloo ndlela ukuphucula ukungafezeki kodaka.

3. Iarhente yokwandiswa

Iarhente yokwandiswa yenye into ebalulekileyo ye-anti-rack kunye nendawo yokulwa i-fayili yodaka lomileyo. Ezona arhente zokwandanda okwandisiweyo zeAea, uea, CEA njalo njalo. Iarhente yokwandiswa kwe-Ameas ineengenelo zamandla amakhulu, idosi encinci, amandla aphezulu, i-shrinkige eyomileyo, kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-alkali. I-calcium i-calcimiate ye-calcimines ca kwiClider ye-Alumina kwi-Aaumina kwi-Aia ye-Aia I-UEA ivelisa i-Ettriritiite ukuba ivelise ukwanda, ngelixa i-CEA ikakhulu ivelisa i-calcium hydroxide. Iarhente yokwandiswa kwe-Alea yiCalcinate Abengulercial Arhente yokwandiswa, nto leyo eyandiswayo eyenziwe ngokugaya i-co-grating yendlela ethile yeCelder ephezulu, i-Anunite yendalo kunye neGypsum. Ukwanda kwenziwe emva kongezwa kwe-Aea ye-Aea ikakhulu: Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesamente yesamente, i-calcium ye-calcorate caplor ye-Aluminia kwi-Aluminiy ye-Caso4 kunye ne-HARMRT Ukwenza i-calcium sulcinalor hydrate (etriritite) kwaye yandise, isixa solwandiso sikhulu. Ijeli evelisiweyo ye-Ettringom kunye ne-Hydroxide ye-Hydroxide yenza isigaba sokwandiswa kunye nenqanaba lokuqiniswa kwenqanaba elifanelekileyo, elingakuqinisekisiweyo kuphela ukusebenza kwaKwandiso kodwa kukuqinisekisa amandla. Kumanqanaba aphakathi kunye nokufika kade, i-teriririete nayo ivelisa i-Ettririte phantsi komceli we-lime gypsum ukuvelisa ukwanda okuncinci, nto leyo ephucula ubume bendawo yesamente. Emva kokuba i-Aaea yongezwa kodaka, isixa esikhulu se-Ettrierite esiveliswe kumanqanaba okutsha kunye naphakathi kuya kwandisa ivolumu yodaka, yenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi senza i-porer, senze i-macropores, nciphisa iyonke Ukuphathwa gadalala, kwaye ukuphucula kakhulu ukungafezeki. Xa udaka lukwimeko eyomileyo kamva, ukwanda kumanqanaba okuqala naphakathi kwenqanaba kunokuphelisa yonke okanye inxenye ye-shrinkage kamva, ukuze isithinteli sexesha siphuculwe. I-UeA Assendanders zenziwa ukusuka kwi-Inorganic Eactores efana ne-sulpitates, i-Aluminii, potassium Sulfoamonimate kunye neCalcium istfate. Xa uea ixutywe kwisamente kwisixa esifanelekileyo, inokufezekisa imisebenzi ye-shrinking eshayisayo, ukunganyangeki kunye nokuvuza. Emva kokuba u-UEA yongezwa kwisamente eqhelekileyo kwaye ixutywe, iya kusabela nge-calcisum, i-hydrate ukuya kwi-CA (O) 2, eya kuthi ivelise i-calfoanumic acid. Calcium (C2A·3CaSO4·32H2O) is ettringite, which makes the cement mortar moderately expand, and the expansion rate of cement mortar is proportional to the content of UEA, making the mortar dense, with high crack resistance and impermeability. I-Lin Dian Dian Ceting Station I-CEA yokwamkelwa kwe-CEA yenziwa nge-limestone, idongwe (okanye i-aloumina ye-alumina), kunye nomgubo wesinyithi, olwalusisiseko kwi-1350-16 ° C, emva koko lenze iarhente yokwamkela i-CEA. Iiarhente zokwanda kokwandiswa kwe-CEA zinemithombo emibini yokwandiswa: I-CAO Hydration ye-CA (O) 2; I-C3A kwaye ivuliwe i-al2a3 ukuya kwi-Ettrierite kwi-Gypsum kunye ne-CA (Oh) 2.

I-4. Iplasitiki

Umlingani wodaka yindawo yokungena egumbini lokungabinamkhethe Ingawunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lomphezulu wesisombululo, kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu le-bibble evaliweyo kunye ne-TINI encinci (ngokubanzi i-0.25-2.5mm ubukhulu) ngexesha lokuxuba kwamanzi. Umgama phakathi kweentsholongwane mncinci kwaye uzinzo kulungile, olunokuphucula kakhulu ukuphuculwa kodaka. ; Inokusasaza amasuntswana e-cement, ukukhuthaza ukuphendula okumangalisayo, ukuphucula amandla okudaka, ukungafezeki kunye nokuchasana nokusetyenziswa kwesamente; Inophawu oluhle, ukunamathela okuqinileyo kodaka kudityaniswa nayo, kwaye kunokuthintela iingxaki zokwakha eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngokubetha (ukungcungcutheka), kunye nepapashi yamanzi eludongeni; inokuphucula indawo yokwakha, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomsebenzi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi; Sisibonelelo esibalulekileyo sezoqoqosho kunye nentlalo esinokuphucula umgangatho weprojekthi kwaye sinciphise iimveliso ezinobuhlobo bendalo kunye nokusindisa amandla aneendleko zokwakha eziphantsi. I-Lignosulfosulfoulfoulfonate sisiqingatha seplastiki esisetyenziswayo ngodaka lomgubo, nto leyo yinkunkuma kwimikhono yephepha, kunye nedosi ngokubanzi yi-0.2% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.3%. Iiplastiki zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizibuko ezifuna iipropathi ezifanelekileyo zokuziqulatha, ezinje ngokuzimela ii-cuashions, isifa esiphezulu okanye isifa esifakelweyo. Ukongeza iiplasitizeli kumngxunya wokufana kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka, phucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ulwalamano kunye nokuntywila kodaka oluxulutyweyo, kunye nokuncitshiswa okukhulu kunye nokuqinisekisa Umgangatho we-mandry. Ingagcina i-50% ye-Lime isuti yokuqhekeza i-Plating, kwaye udaka akukho lula ukopha okanye ukwahlula; Udaka lunoburhalarhume obufanelekileyo; I-famiter engaphezulu ayinayo into ethunzini, kwaye inesichasi esihle, ukuxhathisa iqabaka kunye nokuchasana kwemozulu.

I-5. I-Hydrophobic Adritication

I-hydrophobic onsultitives okanye amanzi aphinda-phinda ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angenise udaka ngelixa ugcina udaka luvulekile ukuvumela ukwahluka komphunga wamanzi. I-hydrophobic yongezwa kweemveliso zodaka ezixubileyo kufuneka zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: i-①it kufuneka ibe yimveliso yomgubo; ②hafa izinto ezintle zokudibanisa; ③make udaka njenge-hydrophobic yonke kwaye ugcine impembelelo yexesha elide; I-徽bond kumandla omhlaba ayinampembelelo imbi; ⑤ Ubuhlobo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Iiarhente ze-hydrophobic okwangoku zisetyenziswa ziityuwa zentsimbi ze-acid, ezinjenge-calcium stearate; ISilane. Nangona kunjalo, i-calcium stearate ayisiyo i-sogative ye-hydrophobic efanelekileyo yodaka oluxubeneyo, ngakumbi ukubekwa kwezinto zokwakha ngoomatshini, kuba kunzima ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza nangokungafaniyo nodaka lokwenza. I-hydrophobic yongezelelo isetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwindawo yokufakelwa i-fastral yenkqubo yokufakelwa kobushushu, i-Tile, isibhakabhaka sokuhombisa, kunye nokufakelwa kwamanzi kwi-quarter engaphandle.

I-6. Ezinye izongezo

I-COUGUST isetyenziselwa ukuhlengahlengisa imeko kunye nezinto ezikhulayo zodaka. I-Calcium ye-calcium kunye ne-lithium carcedonate isetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Imithwalo eqhelekileyo yi-1% ye-calcium ye-calcium kunye ne-0.2% i-lithium ye-carbonate. Njengabemi abafundwayo, abahlali basetyenziselwa ukuhlengahlengisa imeko kunye neempawu ezikhulisa udaka. I-Tartaric Acid, i-cicric acid kunye neetyuwa zazo, kwaye i-gluconate isetyenziswe ngempumelelo. Idosi eqhelekileyo yi-0.05% ~ 0.2%. I-Defoamer ye-Defoamer inciphisa umxholo womoya wodaka olutsha. Iidikodi eziphothiweyo zisekwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo eekhemikhali ezifana ne-hydrocarbons, i-polylethylene glycols okanye i-polysiloxaxanes akhutshiwe kwinkxaso ye-inorganic. I-starch Ether inokunyusa kakhulu ukungangqinelani kodaka, kwaye ke yonyusa kancinci imfuno yamanzi kunye nexabiso lokuvelisa, kwaye linciphise inqanaba elixubileyo lomxube otsha. Oku kuvumela udaka ukuba luthathwe kwaye i-tile inamathela ukubambelela kwiithayile ezinzima ezingenamsebenzi.