1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nezinto ezityebisayo
Olona hlobo luphambili lwezinto ezityebisayo ezigcina amanzi yi-cellulose ether. I-ether ye-cellulose yi-admixture ephezulu-esebenzayo enokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza okuthe ngqo kodaka kunye nenani elincinci lokongezwa. Iguqulwa isuke kwi-cellulose enganyibilikiyo emanzini ibe yifayibha enyibilikayo emanzini ngokusabela kwe-etherification. Yenziwe nge-ether ecacileyo kwaye ineyunithi esisiseko ye-anhydroglucose. Ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ngokohlobo kunye nenani lamaqela athatha indawo endaweni yawo. Ingasetyenziselwa njenge-thickener ukulungelelanisa ukuhambelana kodaka; ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi Iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kakuhle imfuno yamanzi yodaka, kwaye inokukhulula ngokuthe ngcembe amanzi ngexesha elithile, elinokuqinisekisa kakuhle ukuba i-slurry kunye ne-substrate efunxa amanzi ibophelelwe ngcono. Ngelo xesha, i-cellulose ether inokulungelelanisa iimpawu ze-rheological zodaka, ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza. Ezi khompawundi ze-cellulose ether zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa njengezongezo zekhemikhali kudaka oluxutywe owomileyo: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④IHydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose; ⑥istatshi ester, njl. Udibaniso olukhankanywe ngasentla ezahlukeneyo zeselulosi etha kuphucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutywe owomileyo: ①Ukwandisa ukusebenza; ②Ukwandisa ukunamathela; ③Udaka alulula ukopha nokwahlula; Ukumelana nokuqhekeka okugqwesileyo; ⑥ Udaka kulula ukwakha kumaleko amancinci. Ukongeza kwiipropati ezingentla, ii-ethers ze-cellulose ezahlukeneyo nazo zineempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo. UCai Wei osuka kwiYunivesithi yaseChongqing ushwankathele indlela yokuphucula imethyl cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kodaka. Wayekholelwa ukuba emva kokufaka i-MC (i-methyl cellulose ether) egcina amanzi kwidaka, amaqamza amancinci amaninzi aya kwenziwa. Isebenza njengebhola yebhola, ephucula ukusebenza kodaka oluxutywe ngokutsha, kwaye amaqamza omoya asagcinwe kumzimba wodaka olukhuni, enze iipores ezizimeleyo kwaye avale i-capillary pores. I-arhente yokugcina amanzi ye-MC inokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olusandul 'ukuxutywa ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, elingenako ukuthintela kuphela udaka ekopheni kunye nokwahlula, kodwa nokuthintela amanzi ukuba aphume ngokukhawuleza okanye afunnwe yi-substrate ngokukhawuleza. inqanaba lokuqala lokunyanga, ukwenzela ukuba i-samente ibe ne-hydrated engcono, ukwenzela ukuba ibhondi Amandla aphuculwe. Ukufakwa kwe-MC i-arhente yokugcina amanzi kuya kuphucula ukucutheka kodaka. Le yi-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ecocekileyo enokuthi izaliswe kwi-pores, ukwenzela ukuba i-pores edibeneyo kwi-mortar iya kuncitshiswa, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwe-evaporation yamanzi kuya kuncitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe i-shrinkage eyomileyo yodaka. ixabiso. I-ether ye-cellulose ixutywa ngokubanzi kwi-dry-mix adhesive mortar, ngakumbi xa isetyenziswe njenge-adhesive tile. Ukuba i-cellulose ether ixutywe kwi-adhesive tile, umthamo wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-tile mastic unokuphuculwa kakhulu. I-ether ye-cellulose inqanda ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi kwi-samente ukuya kwi-substrate okanye izitena, ukwenzela ukuba i-samente inamanzi okwaneleyo ukuqinisa ngokupheleleyo, ukwandisa ixesha lokulungiswa, kunye nokuphucula amandla okudibanisa. Ukongeza, i-cellulose ether iphucula iplastiki ye-mastic, yenza ulwakhiwo lube lula, yandise indawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-mastic kunye nomzimba wezitena, kwaye inciphisa ukutyibilika kunye nokuncipha kwe-mastic, nokuba ubunzima kwiyunithi nganye bukhulu kwaye ukuxinana komphezulu kuphezulu. Iithayile zincanyathiselwe kumphezulu othe nkqo ngaphandle kokutyibilika kwemastic. I-ether ye-cellulose inokulibazisa ukubunjwa kwesikhumba se-samente, ukwandisa ixesha elivulekileyo, kunye nokunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-samente.
2. I-Organic fiber
Iintsinga ezisetyenziselwa udaka zinokohlulwa zibe yimicu yesinyithi, imicu ye-inorganic kunye ne-organic fibers ngokweempawu zazo. Ukongeza imicu kumdaka kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokuchasana nokuqhekeka kunye ne-anti-seepage. Iintsinga ze-Organic zihlala zongezwa kudaka oluxubeneyo oluxubeneyo ukuphucula ukunganyanzeki kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka. Iifiber eziphilayo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi: i-polypropylene fiber (PP), i-polyamide (nylon) (PA) ifayibha, i-polyvinyl alcohol (vinylon) (PVA) ifayibha, i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-polyethylene fiber, i-polyester fiber, njl. Phakathi kwabo, i-polypropylene fiber ngoku eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. I-crystalline polymer kunye nesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo se-polymerized yi-propylene monomer phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Inokumelana nokukhula kweekhemikhali, ukuqhubekeka kakuhle, ubunzima obulula, ukushwabana okuncinci kwe-creep, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Kwaye ezinye iimpawu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-polypropylene fiber iyamelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali ngezinto ezisekelwe kwisamente, ifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Impembelelo yokuchasana nokuqhekeka kwemicu exutywe nodaka ihlulwe kakhulu ibe ngamanqanaba amabini: esinye sisigaba sodaka lweplastiki; elinye linqanaba lodaka oluqinileyo. Kwinqanaba leplastiki lomdaka, iifayili ezisasazwa ngokulinganayo zibonelela ngesakhiwo senethiwekhi esine-dimensional-dimensional, edlala indima ekuxhaseni i-fine aggregate, inqanda ukuhlaliswa kwe-fine aggregate, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhlukana. Ukwahlula kusona sizathu siphambili sokuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka, kwaye ukongezwa kweefibers kunciphisa ukuhlukana kodaka kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka. Ngenxa yokuphuphuma kwamanzi kwinqanaba leplastiki, ukucutheka kodaka kuya kuvelisa uxinzelelo, kwaye ukongezwa kweefiber kunokuthwala olu xinzelelo. Kwinqanaba lokuqina lomdaka, ngenxa yobukho bokomisa ukuncipha, i-carbonization shrinkage, kunye nokuncipha kweqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo luya kuveliswa ngaphakathi kodaka. microcrack extension. U-Yuan Zhenyu kunye nabanye baqukumbela ngohlalutyo lovavanyo lokumelana nokuqhekeka kwepleyiti yodaka ukuba ukongeza ifayibha ye-polypropylene eludaka kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kweentanda zokuqhekeka kweplastiki kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka kodaka. Xa umthamo we-polypropylene fiber kwi-mortar ngu-0.05% kunye ne-0.10%, ii-cracks zingancitshiswa ngo-65% kunye ne-75% ngokulandelanayo. U-Huang Chengya kunye nabanye abavela kwiSikolo seMathiriyeli, iYunivesithi yaseMzantsi China yeThekhnoloji, iphinde iqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lokusebenza komatshini we-polypropylene fiber sement-based composite materials eyongeza inani elincinci le-polypropylene fiber kwi-cement mortar inokuphucula amandla okuguquguquka kunye noxinzelelo. yodaka lwesamente. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo befiber kwi-cement mortar malunga ne-0.9kg / m3, ukuba inani lidlula le mali, ukomeleza kunye nokuqina kwefuthe lefiber kwi-samente yodaka akuyi kuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye akukho qoqosho. Ukongeza imicu eludongeni kunokuphucula ukunganyibiliki kodaka. Xa i-matrix ye-samente iyancipha, ngenxa yendima yentsimbi yentsimbi edlalwa yimicu, amandla asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kukho i-micro-cracks emva kwe-coagulation, phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukwandiswa kweentanda kuya kuthintelwa yinkqubo yenethiwekhi yefiber. , Kunzima ukuphuhlisa kwiintanda ezinkulu, ngoko kunzima ukwenza i-seapage path, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukungahambi kakuhle kodaka.
3. I-arhente yokwandisa
I-ejenti yokwandisa enye i-anti-crack ebalulekileyo kunye ne-anti-seepage icandelo kwi-dry-mix mortar. Ezona arhente zokwandiswa zisetyenziswa kakhulu yiAEA, UEA, CEA njalo njalo. I-arhente yokwandisa i-AEA ineenzuzo zamandla amakhulu, i-dosage encinci, i-post-high-high, i-shrinkage eyomileyo, kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-alkali. I-calcium aluminate minerals CA kwi-high-alumina clinker kwi-AEA component kuqala isabela nge-CaSO4 kunye ne-Ca (OH) 2 ukuze i-hydrate ukuze yenze i-calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) kunye nokwandisa. I-UEA ikwavelisa i-ettringite ukwenza ukwanda, ngelixa i-CEA ikakhulu ivelisa i-calcium hydroxide. I-arhente yokwandisa i-AEA yi-agent ye-calcium aluminate yokwandisa, eyi-admixture yokwandisa eyenziwa ngokudibanisa inxalenye ethile ye-high-alumina clinker, i-alunite yendalo kunye ne-gypsum. Ukwandiswa okwenziwe emva kokongezwa kwe-AEA kubangelwa ikakhulu kwimiba emibini: kwinqanaba lokuqala le-cement hydration, i-calcium aluminate mineral CA kwi-high alumina clinker kwi-AEA component isabela kuqala nge-CaSO4 kunye ne-Ca (OH) 2, kunye ne-hydrates. ukwenza i-calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) kunye nokwandisa, inani lokwandiswa likhulu. Ijeli ye-ettringite eyenziwe kunye ne-hydrated ye-aluminium hydroxide yenza isigaba sokwandiswa kunye nesigaba se-gel sihambelana ngokufanelekileyo, esingaqinisekisi nje ukusebenza kokwandisa kodwa siqinisekisa amandla. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi kunye nasemva, i-ettringite iphinda ivelise i-ettringite phantsi kwe-excitation ye-lime gypsum ukuvelisa i-micro-expansion, ephucula i-microstructure ye-sement aggregate interface. Emva kokuba i-AEA yongezwa kumdaka, inani elikhulu le-ettringite eliveliswe kwinqanaba lokuqala neliphakathi liya kwandisa umthamo wodaka, lenze isakhiwo sangaphakathi sidibanise ngakumbi, siphucule isakhiwo se-pore sodaka, sinciphise i-macropores, sinciphise inani elipheleleyo. porosity, kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukunganyameki. Xa udaka lukwimeko eyomileyo kwisigaba samva, ukwandiswa kwamanqanaba okuqala kunye naphakathi kunokunciphisa yonke into okanye inxalenye ye-shrinkage kwisigaba samva, ukwenzela ukuba ukuxhathisa ukuqhekeka kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-sepage kuphuculwe. Izandisi ze-UEA zenziwe ngeekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo ezifana nesulfates, ialumina, ipotassium sulfoaluminate kunye necalcium sulfate. Xa i-UEA ixutywe kwisamente kwisixa esifanelekileyo, inokufezekisa imisebenzi yokuhlawula ukucutheka, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuchasana nokuvuza. Emva kokuba i-UEA yongezwa kwi-samente eqhelekileyo kwaye ixutywe, iya kusabela nge-calcium silicate kunye ne-hydrate ukwenza i-Ca (OH) i-2, eya kuvelisa i-sulfoaluminic acid. I-Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) yi-ettringite, eyenza udaka lwesamente lwandiswe ngokuphakathi, kwaye izinga lokwandiswa kodaka lwesamente lilingana nomxholo we-UEA, okwenza udaka lube lukhuni, lunokumelana nokuqhekeka okuphezulu kunye nokungangeni. U-Lin Wentian wasebenzisa udaka lwesamente oluxutywe ne-UEA kudonga lwangaphandle, kwaye wafumana isiphumo esihle sokuchasa ukuvuza. I-Clinker yokwandisa i-CEA yenziwe nge-limestone, udongwe (okanye udongwe oluphezulu lwe-alumina), kunye nomgubo wentsimbi, owenziwe nge-calcined kwi-1350-1400 ° C, kwaye emva koko umhlaba wenze i-arhente yokwandisa i-CEA. I-CEA ye-expansion agents inemithombo emibini yokwandisa: i-CaO hydration ukwenza i-Ca (OH) i-2; I-C3A kwaye isebenze i-Al2O3 ukwenza i-ettringite kwi-medium ye-gypsum kunye ne-Ca (OH)2.
4. Iplastiki
Iplastiki yodaka ngumgubo oxubene nodaka oluxubene nodaka oludityaniswe ziipolymers eziphilayo kunye nemixube yeekhemikhali ezingaphiliyo, kwaye iyimathiriyeli esebenzayo yeanionic. Inokunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhatshazwa kwesisombululo, kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu leebhubhu ezivaliweyo kunye ezincinci (ngokubanzi 0.25-2.5mm ububanzi) ngexesha lokuxuba udaka ngamanzi. Umgama phakathi kwe-microbubbles encinci kwaye uzinzo lulungile, olunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. ; Iyakwazi ukusasaza amasuntswana e-samente, ikhuthaze ukusabela kwe-cement hydration, iphucule amandla omdaka, ukunganyangeki kunye nokumelana ne-freeze-thaw, kunye nokunciphisa inxalenye yokusetyenziswa kwesamente; ine-viscosity enhle, i-adhesion eqinile yodaka oluxutywe kunye nayo, kwaye ingaba kakuhle Ukuthintela iingxaki zokwakha eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-shelling (i-hollowing), i-crack, kunye ne-sepage yamanzi eludongeni; inokuphucula imeko-bume yolwakhiwo, inciphise amandla omsebenzi, kwaye ikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwempucuko; yinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho nentlalo enokuphucula umgangatho weprojekthi kunye nokunciphisa imveliso ehambelana nokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokonga amandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokwakha. I-Lignosulfonate yi-plasticizer edla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo, eyinkunkuma evela kwii-mills zephepha, kwaye umthamo wayo jikelele yi-0.2% ukuya kwi-0.3%. IiPlastiki zihlala zisetyenziselwa udaka olufuna iipropathi ezilungileyo zokuzilinganisa, ezinje ngee-cushions zokuzilinganisa, udaka lwangaphezulu okanye udaka lokulinganisa. Ukongeza iiplasticizers kudaka lwemasonry kunokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka, kuphuculwe ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ulwelo kunye nokudityaniswa kodaka, kwaye ukoyise iintsilelo zodaka oluxutywe ngesamente olunjengomlotha oqhumayo, ukucutheka okukhulu kunye namandla aphantsi, ukuze kuqinisekwe. Umgangatho wobume. Ingagcina i-50% ye-lime paste kudaka lokutyabeka, kwaye udaka alulula ukopha okanye ukwahlula; udaka lunokunamathela kakuhle kwi-substrate; Umaleko womphezulu awunayo i-salting-out phenomenon, kwaye unokumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle, ukumelana neqabaka kunye nokumelana nemozulu.
5. Hydrophobic additive
Izongezo ze-Hydrophobic okanye izinto ezigxotha amanzi zithintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwidaka ngelixa zikwagcina udaka luvulekile ukuvumela ukusasazwa komphunga wamanzi. Izongezo ze-Hydrophobic kwiimveliso zodaka oluxutyiweyo kufuneka zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ① Kufuneka ibe yimveliso yomgubo; ②Yiba neepropati ezilungileyo zokuxuba; ③Yenza udaka njenge-hydrophobic yonke kwaye ugcine isiphumo sexesha elide; ④Ibhondi kumphezulu Amandla akanalo ifuthe elibi elicacileyo; ⑤ nobubele kokusingqongileyo. Ii-agent ze-Hydrophobic ngoku ezisetyenziswayo zi-fatty acid metal salts, ezifana ne-calcium stearate; silane. Nangona kunjalo, i-calcium stearate ayilona i-additive hydrophobic efanelekileyo kwi-dry-mixed mortar, ngokukodwa kwi-plastering materials for building mechanical, kuba kunzima ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokudibanisa kunye nodaka lwesamente. Izongezo ze-Hydrophobic zidla ngokusetyenziswa ekutyatyekeni kodaka ukwenzela ukutyatyekwa okucekethekileyo kwangaphandle kweenkqubo zokugquma ubushushu, iigrouts zeethayile, iithayile ezihonjisiweyo ezinemibala, kunye nodaka lokutyabeka olungangeni manzi kwiindonga zangaphandle.
6. Ezinye izongezo
I-coagulant isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ukubeka kunye neempawu ezilukhuni zodaka. I-calcium formate kunye ne-lithium carbonate zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukulayishwa okuqhelekileyo yi-1% ye-calcium formate kunye ne-0.2% ye-lithium carbonate. Njengee-accelerators, iiretarders zikwasetyenziselwa ukunyenyisa ukusetwa kunye nokuqina kweempawu zodaka. I-asidi ye-tartaric, i-citric acid kunye neetyuwa zazo, kunye ne-gluconate zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo. Idosi eqhelekileyo yi-0.05% ~ 0.2%. I-defoamer yomgubo inciphisa umxholo womoya wodaka olutsha. I-defoamers yomgubo isekelwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo amachiza afana ne-hydrocarbons, i-polyethylene glycols okanye i-polysiloxanes adsorbed kwiinkxaso ze-inorganic. Isitashi se-ether sinokonyusa ngokubonakalayo ukuhambelana kodaka, kwaye ngaloo ndlela yandise kancinane imfuno yamanzi kunye nexabiso lesivuno, kunye nokunciphisa iqondo lokuhla lodaka olusanda kuxutywa. Oku kuvumela ukuba udaka lwenziwe lube lukhulu kwaye i-adhesive ye-tile ibambelele kwiithayile ezinzima kunye ne-sagging encinci.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-06-2023