Cellulose ether, ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri. Nubwoko bwa selile ya selile,selile etherIfitanye isano n'amazi, kandi iyi polymer compound ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza amazi nubushobozi bwo gufata amazi, bushobora gukemura neza amaraso ya minisiteri, igihe gito cyo gukora, gukomera, nibindi. Imbaraga zipfundo zidahagije nibindi bibazo byinshi.
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryinganda zubaka kwisi no gukomeza kwagura ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byubaka, ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri bwabaye inzira idasubirwaho. Bitewe nibyiza byinshi minisiteri gakondo idafite, ikoreshwa rya minisiteri yubucuruzi ryabaye rusange mumijyi minini nini nini yo mu gihugu cyanjye. Nyamara, minisiteri yubucuruzi iracyafite ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki.
Amashanyarazi menshi, nka minisiteri ishimangira, ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima, nibindi, kubera ubwinshi bwamazi agabanya amazi yakoreshejwe, bizatera ikibazo gikomeye cyo kuva amaraso kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yuzuye ya minisiteri; Irumva cyane, kandi ikunda kugabanuka cyane mubikorwa bitewe no gutakaza amazi mugihe gito nyuma yo kuvanga, bivuze ko igihe cyo gukora ari gito cyane; hiyongereyeho, kuri minisiteri ihujwe, niba minisiteri ifite ubushobozi budahagije bwo gufata amazi, ubwinshi bwamazi azakirwa na matrix, bikaviramo kubura igice cyamazi ya minisiteri ihuza, bityo rero amazi adahagije, bigatuma imbaraga zigabanuka kandi kugabanuka kwingufu zifatika.
Byongeye kandi, ibivanze nkibisimbuza igice cya sima, nka ivu ryisazi, ifu ya granile itanura ifu ya slag (ifu yubutaka), umwotsi wa silika, nibindi, ubu nibyingenzi. Nk’ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda n’imyanda, niba ibivanze bidashobora gukoreshwa neza, kwegeranya kwayo bizatwara kandi bisenye ubutaka bwinshi, kandi bizatera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije. Niba ibivanze bikoreshejwe neza, birashobora kunoza ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya beto na minisiteri, kandi bigakemura ibibazo byubwubatsi bwa beto na minisiteri mubikorwa bimwe. Kubwibyo, kwaguka kwinshi kwingirakamaro ni byiza kubidukikije ninyungu zinganda.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakorewe mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo ku ngaruka za selulose ether hamwe n’imvange kuri minisiteri, ariko haracyari ikibazo cyo kuganira ku ngaruka zo gukoresha byombi.
Muri iyi nyandiko, ibivanze byingenzi muri minisiteri, selile ether hamwe no kuvanga bikoreshwa muri minisiteri, kandi amategeko agenga ingaruka zuzuye mubice bibiri bigize minisiteri kumazi n'imbaraga za minisiteri byegeranijwe mubushakashatsi. Muguhindura ubwoko nubunini bwa selile ether hamwe nibindi bivangwa mugupimisha, hagaragaye ingaruka kumazi n'imbaraga za minisiteri (muriyi mpapuro, sisitemu yo gupima ikizamini ikoresha sisitemu ya binary). Ugereranije na HPMC, CMC ntabwo ikwiriye kubyimbye no gufata amazi yo gufata ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima. HPMC irashobora kugabanya cyane umuvuduko wamazi no kongera igihombo mugihe gito (munsi ya 0.2%). Mugabanye imbaraga z'umubiri wa minisiteri kandi ugabanye kwikuramo inshuro. Amazi yuzuye nibisabwa imbaraga, ibikubiye muri HPMC muri O. 1% birakwiriye. Kubijyanye no kuvanga, ivu ryisazi rigira ingaruka runaka mukwongera umuvuduko wamazi, kandi ingaruka yifu ya slag ntabwo igaragara. Nubwo umwotsi wa silika ushobora kugabanya neza kuva amaraso, amazi ashobora gutakara cyane mugihe dosiye ari 3%. . Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza, hanzuwe ko mugihe ivu ryisazi rikoreshwa mumyubakire cyangwa yongerewe imbaraga hamwe nibisabwa gukomera byihuse nimbaraga zambere, dosiye ntigomba kuba ndende cyane, dosiye ntarengwa ni 10%, kandi mugihe ikoreshwa muguhuza minisiteri, yongewe kuri 20%. ‰ irashobora kandi ahanini kuzuza ibisabwa; urebye ibintu nkubunini buke bwimyunyu ngugu na silika fume, bigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 10% na 3%. Ingaruka zivanze na selile ya selile ntabwo byari bifitanye isano kandi byagize ingaruka zigenga.
Byongeye kandi, hifashishijwe imbaraga za Feret hamwe nubushobozi bwibikorwa bivangwa, iyi mpapuro itanga uburyo bushya bwo guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima. Muganira kubijyanye na coefficient yibikorwa byimyunyu ngugu hamwe nimbaraga za Feret ukurikije imbaraga zingana no kwirengagiza imikoranire hagati yimvange zitandukanye, ubu buryo bwanzuye ko ibivanze, ikoreshwa ryamazi hamwe nibigize byose bigira ingaruka nyinshi kuri beto. Amategeko agenga imbaraga (mortar) afite imbaraga nziza zo kuyobora.
Binyuze mu mirimo yavuzwe haruguru, iyi mpapuro ikuramo imyanzuro ihamye kandi ifatika hamwe nagaciro kamwe.
Ijambo ryibanze: selulose ether,amazi ya minisiteri, gukora, kuvanga amabuye y'agaciro, guhanura imbaraga
Igice cya 1 Intangiriro
1.1ibicuruzwa
1.1.1Kwinjiza minisiteri yubucuruzi
Mu gihugu cy’inganda zubaka ibikoresho, beto yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubucuruzi, kandi n’ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri nabwo buragenda bwiyongera, cyane cyane kuri minisiteri zitandukanye zidasanzwe, inganda zifite ubushobozi buhanitse busabwa kugira ngo minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byujuje ibisabwa. Ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: minisiteri yiteguye kuvangwa na minisiteri yumye. Amabuye avanze yiteguye bivuze ko minisiteri ijyanwa ahazubakwa nyuma yo kuvangwa n’amazi nuwabitanze hakiri kare hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’umushinga, mu gihe minisiteri ivanze yumye ikorwa n’uruganda rwa minisiteri mu kuvanga byumye no gupakira ibikoresho bya sima, igiteranyo ninyongera ukurikije igipimo runaka. Ongeramo umubare munini wamazi ahazubakwa hanyuma ubivange mbere yo gukoresha.
Gakondo ya minisiteri ifite intege nke nyinshi mukoresha no gukora. Kurugero, gutondekanya ibikoresho fatizo no kuvanga ahantu ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byubatswe byubatswe no kurengera ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, kubera imiterere yubwubatsi hamwe nizindi mpamvu, biroroshye gukora ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri bigoye kubyemeza, kandi ntibishoboka kubona imikorere ihanitse. minisiteri. Ugereranije na gakondo ya minisiteri, minisiteri yubucuruzi ifite ibyiza bigaragara. Mbere ya byose, ubuziranenge bwayo bworoshye kugenzura no kwemeza, imikorere yayo irarenze, ubwoko bwayo bunonosoye, kandi nibyiza cyane kubisabwa mubuhanga. Iburayi byumye bivanze n’iburayi byakozwe mu myaka ya za 1950, kandi igihugu cyanjye nacyo gishyigikira cyane ikoreshwa rya minisiteri y’ubucuruzi. Shanghai yamaze gukoresha minisiteri y’ubucuruzi mu 2004. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu gihugu cy’imijyi, byibuze ku isoko ry’imijyi, byanze bikunze ko minisiteri y’ubucuruzi ifite inyungu zitandukanye zizasimbuza minisiteri gakondo.
1.1.2Ibibazo biriho muri minisiteri yubucuruzi
Nubwo minisiteri yubucuruzi ifite ibyiza byinshi kurenza minisiteri gakondo, haracyari ingorane nyinshi za tekiniki nka minisiteri. Amashanyarazi menshi, nka minisiteri yongerera imbaraga, ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima, nibindi, bifite byinshi bisabwa cyane kumbaraga no mumikorere yakazi, kubwibyo gukoresha superplasticizers ni nini, bizatera amaraso menshi kandi bigira ingaruka kuri minisiteri. Imikorere yuzuye; no kuri minisiteri imwe ya pulasitike, kubera ko yunvikana cyane no kubura amazi, biroroshye kugira igabanuka rikabije ryimikorere bitewe no gutakaza amazi mugihe gito nyuma yo kuvanga, kandi igihe cyo gukora ni gito cyane: Byongeye , Kuri Kubijyanye no guhuza minisiteri, matrix yo guhuza akenshi iba yumye. Mugihe cyubwubatsi, kubera ubushobozi budahagije bwa minisiteri yo kugumana amazi, amazi menshi azakirwa na matrise, bikaviramo kubura amazi yaho ya minisiteri ihuza hamwe n’amazi adahagije. Ikintu imbaraga zigabanuka kandi imbaraga zifatika zigabanuka.
Mu gusubiza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, inyongera yingenzi, selile ether, ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri. Nubwoko bwa selile ya selile, ether ya selile ifitanye isano namazi, kandi iyi compound polymer ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza amazi nubushobozi bwo gufata amazi, bushobora gukemura neza amaraso ya minisiteri, igihe gito cyo gukora, gukomera, nibindi. ibibazo.
Byongeye kandi, ibivanze nkibisimbuza igice cya sima, nka ivu ryisazi, ifu ya granile itanura ifu ya slag (ifu yubutaka), umwotsi wa silika, nibindi, ubu nibyingenzi. Turabizi ko ibyinshi bivangwa nibicuruzwa byinganda nkingufu zamashanyarazi, gushonga ibyuma, gushonga ferrosilicon na silicon yinganda. Niba bidashobora gukoreshwa neza, kwegeranya ibivanze bizatwara kandi bisenye ubutaka bwinshi kandi byangiza bikomeye. kwanduza ibidukikije. Kurundi ruhande, niba ibivanze bikoreshejwe neza, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya beto na minisiteri birashobora kunozwa, kandi ibibazo bimwe byubwubatsi mugukoresha beto na minisiteri birashobora gukemurwa neza. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwagutse bwimvange ni ingirakamaro kubidukikije n'inganda. ni ingirakamaro.
1.2Ether
Cellulose ether (selulose ether) ni polymer igizwe na ether imiterere ikorwa na etherification ya selile. Buri mpeta ya glucosyl muri macromolecules ya selile irimo amatsinda atatu ya hydroxyl, itsinda ryibanze rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya karubone ya gatandatu, itsinda rya kabiri rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya kabiri na gatatu ya karubone, na hydrogène mu itsinda rya hydroxyl isimburwa nitsinda rya hydrocarubone kugirango itange selile ya selile. inkomoko. ikintu. Cellulose ni polyhydroxy polymer ivanze idashobora gushonga cyangwa gushonga, ariko selile irashobora gushonga mumazi, ikanagura umuti wa alkali hamwe na solge organic nyuma ya etherification, kandi ifite thermoplastique runaka.
Ether ya selile ifata selile isanzwe nkibikoresho fatizo kandi byateguwe no guhindura imiti. Yashyizwe mu byiciro bibiri: ionic na non-ionic muburyo bwa ionized. Ikoreshwa cyane mu miti, peteroli, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ububumbyi n’inganda. .
1.2.1Itondekanya rya selile ya selile yo kubaka
Cellulose ether yo kubaka nijambo rusange ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa byakozwe nigisubizo cya alkali selulose hamwe na etherifying agent mubihe bimwe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa selile ethers irashobora kuboneka mugusimbuza alkali selile hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya etherifying.
1. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionisation yibisimburwa, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ionic (nka carboxymethyl selulose) na non-ionic (nka methyl selulose).
2. Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ether imwe (nka methyl selulose) na ethers ivanze (nka hydroxypropyl methyl selulose).
3. Ukurikije ibisubizo bitandukanye, bigabanijemo gushonga amazi (nka hydroxyethyl selulose) hamwe no gukama ibinyabuzima (nka Ethyl selulose), nibindi. -Seluble selulose Igabanyijemo ubwoko bwihuse kandi bwatinze guseswa nyuma yo kuvura hejuru.
1.2.2 Ibisobanuro byuburyo bwibikorwa bya selulose ether muri minisiteri
Cellulose ether ni urufunguzo rwingenzi rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze yumye, kandi nayo ni imwe mu mvange zingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ikiguzi cyibikoresho bya minisiteri yumye.
1. Nyuma ya selile ya selulose muri minisiteri imaze gushonga mumazi, igikorwa kidasanzwe cyubutaka cyemeza ko ibikoresho bya simaitima bigenda neza kandi bigakwirakwizwa muburyo bumwe, kandi ether ya selile, nka colloide ikingira, irashobora "gukingira" ibice bikomeye, Gutyo , firime isiga amavuta ikorwa hejuru yinyuma, kandi firime yo gusiga irashobora gutuma umubiri wa minisiteri ugira thixotropy nziza. Nukuvuga ko ingano ihagaze neza muburyo buhagaze, kandi ntihazabaho ibihe bibi nko kuva amaraso cyangwa gutondekanya urumuri nibintu biremereye, bigatuma sisitemu ya minisiteri ihagarara neza; mugihe mubyubatswe byubwubatsi, selile ether izagira uruhare mukugabanya kogosha. Ingaruka zo guhangana nimpinduka zituma minisiteri igira amazi meza kandi yoroshye mugihe cyo kubaka mugihe cyo kuvanga.
2. kandi igaha minisiteri gufata neza amazi no gukora.
1.2.3 Ibyiciro byinshi byingenzi byubwubatsi bwa selile ethers
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali, methyl chloride ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya etherifyinga kugirango ikore selile ya selile ikoresheje reaction. Impamyabumenyi rusange yo gusimbuza ni 1. Gushonga 2.0, urwego rwo gusimburana ruratandukanye kandi gukemura nabyo biratandukanye. Biri muri selireose itari ionic.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Itegurwa no kubyitwaramo na okiside ya Ethylene nkigikoresho cya etherifingi imbere ya acetone nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.5 kugeza 2.0. Ifite hydrophilicity ikomeye kandi byoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni selile ya selile itanga umusaruro nogukoresha byiyongera vuba mumyaka yashize. Ni selile idafite ionic ivanze na ether ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride nka etherifying, kandi binyuze mubisubizo. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.2 kugeza 2.0. Imiterere yacyo iratandukanye ukurikije igipimo cyibintu bya vitxyl hamwe na hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic selulose ether itegurwa kuva fibre karemano (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje sodium monochloroacetate nkumuti wa etherifying, kandi binyuze muburyo bwo kuvura. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 0.4 - d. 4. Imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo gusimburwa.
Muri byo, ubwoko bwa gatatu n'urwa kane ni ubwoko bubiri bwa selile ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi.
1.2.4 Iterambere ryiterambere rya Cellulose Ether Inganda
Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, isoko rya selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere ryarakuze cyane, kandi isoko mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere riracyari mubyiciro byiterambere, bizaba imbaraga nyamukuru ziterambere ryiterambere rya selile ya selireose ku isi mugihe kizaza. Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi rusange bw’umusaruro wa selulose ether urenga toni miliyoni, aho Uburayi bungana na 35% by’ibikoreshwa ku isi, bikurikirwa na Aziya na Amerika ya Ruguru. Carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC) nubwoko nyamukuru bwabaguzi, bingana na 56% yumubare wose, ugakurikirwa na methyl selulose ether (MC / HPMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC), bingana na 56% byuzuye. 25% na 12%. Inganda za selile zo mu mahanga zirarushanwa cyane. Nyuma yo kwishyira hamwe kwinshi, ibisohoka byibanda cyane mubigo byinshi binini, nka Dow Chemical Company na Hercules Company muri Amerika, Akzo Nobel mu Buholandi, Noviant muri Finlande na DAICEL mu Buyapani, nibindi.
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora kandi kigakoresha ikoreshwa rya selile ya selile, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kw’umwaka urenga 20%. Dukurikije imibare ibanza, mu Bushinwa hari inganda zigera kuri 50 za selile. Ubushobozi bwateganijwe bwo gukora inganda za selulose ether bwarenze toni 400.000, kandi hariho inganda zigera kuri 20 zifite ubushobozi bwa toni zirenga 10,000, cyane cyane i Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai n'ahandi. Muri 2011, Ubushinwa CMC bwabyaye umusaruro hafi toni 300.000. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukenewe kuri ethers nziza ya selile nziza muri farumasi, ibiryo, imiti ya buri munsi nizindi nganda mumyaka yashize, ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu kubindi bicuruzwa bya selile bitari CMC biriyongera. Kinini, ubushobozi bwa MC / HPMC ni toni 120.000, naho ubushobozi bwa HEC ni toni 20.000. PAC iracyari murwego rwo kuzamura no gusaba mubushinwa. Hamwe no guteza imbere imirima minini ya peteroli yo mu nyanja no guteza imbere ibikoresho byubaka, ibiribwa, imiti n’inganda n’inganda, ingano n’umurima wa PAC biriyongera kandi bigenda byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwa toni zirenga 10,000.
1.3Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Kubyerekeranye nubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa selulose ether mubikorwa byubwubatsi, intiti zo murugo n’amahanga zakoze umubare munini wubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi hamwe nisesengura ryuburyo.
1.3.1Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bw’amahanga ku ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal n'abandi mu Bufaransa bagaragaje ko ether ya selile igira uruhare runini mu kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, kandi ibipimo by'imiterere ni urufunguzo, kandi uburemere bwa molekile ni urufunguzo rwo kugenzura amazi no guhoraho. Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'uburemere bwa molekile, guhangayikishwa n'umusaruro bigabanuka, guhora kwiyongera, no gufata neza amazi; muburyo bunyuranye, impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza amara (ijyanye nibiri muri hydroxyethyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl) ntacyo ihindura ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri ivanze. Nyamara, selile ya selile ifite dogere nkeya yo gusimbuza yatumye amazi agumana.
Umwanzuro wingenzi kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gufata amazi ni uko imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri ari ingenzi. Birashobora kugaragara mubisubizo byikizamini ko kuri minisiteri yumye-ivanze hamwe nigipimo cyamazi-sima ihamye hamwe nibirimo bivangwa, imikorere yo gufata amazi muri rusange ifite gahunda ihoraho nkuko ihoraho. Nyamara, kuri selile zimwe na zimwe, inzira ntabwo igaragara; mubyongeyeho, kuri krahisi ethers, hariho uburyo butandukanye. Ubukonje bwuruvange rushya ntabwo aribintu byonyine byerekana kugumana amazi.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, nabandi, babifashijwemo na pulsed field gradient hamwe na tekinike ya MRI, basanze kwimuka kwamazi kuri interineti ya minisiteri na substrate idahagije bigira ingaruka ku kongeramo umubare muto wa CE. Gutakaza amazi biterwa nigikorwa cya capillary aho gukwirakwiza amazi. Kwimuka kwubushuhe kubikorwa bya capillary bigengwa nigitutu cya micropore ya substrate, nayo igenwa nubunini bwa micropore hamwe na Laplace teorie intera intera interineti, hamwe nubwiza bwamazi. Ibi byerekana ko imiterere ya rheologiya yumuti wamazi ari urufunguzo rwo gufata amazi. Nyamara, iyi hypothesis ivuguruza bimwe mubyumvikanyweho (izindi tackifiers nka oxydeire ya polyethylene oxyde na ethers ya krahisi ntabwo ikora neza nka CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin n'abandi. yakoresheje selulose ether ikoresheje ubushakashatsi, kandi ibisubizo byayo 2% byavuye kuri 5000 kugeza 44500mpa. S kuva kuri MC na HEMC. Shakisha:
1. Ku mubare uteganijwe wa CE, ubwoko bwa CE bugira uruhare runini mubwiza bwa minisiteri ifata amabati. Ibi biterwa no guhatana hagati ya CE nifu ya polymer itatanye kugirango adsorption yibice bya sima.
2. Kurushanwa kwa adsorption ya CE hamwe nifu ya reberi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mugihe cyo kugena no kugabanuka mugihe igihe cyo kubaka ari 20-30min.
3. Imbaraga zubusabane ziterwa no guhuza CE hamwe nifu ya rubber. Iyo firime ya CE idashobora gukumira ihindagurika ryamazi imbere ya tile na minisiteri, gufatira munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru biragabanuka.
4. Guhuza no gukorana kwa CE hamwe nifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe hateguwe igipimo cya minisiteri ifata amabati.
LSchmitzC yo mu Budage. J. Dr. H (a) cker wavuze mu ngingo ko HPMC na HEMC muri selile ya selile bifite uruhare runini mu gufata amazi muri minisiteri ivanze. Usibye kwemeza igipimo cyiza cyo gufata amazi ya selile ya selile, birasabwa gukoresha ethers ya Cellulose yahinduwe ikoreshwa mugutezimbere no kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri hamwe nubutaka bwa minisiteri yumye kandi ikomeye.
1.3.2Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwo murugo kubyerekeye ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Xin Quanchang wo muri kaminuza ya Xi'an y’Ubwubatsi n’ikoranabuhanga yize ku ngaruka za polymers zitandukanye ku bintu bimwe na bimwe byo guhuza amabuye ya minisiteri, maze asanga gukoresha hamwe ifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa hamwe na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether idashobora gusa kunoza imikorere y’imisemburo, irashobora kandi Igice c'igiciro kiragabanuka; ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko iyo ibirimo ifu ya redxersible latex igenzurwa kuri 0.5%, naho ibiri muri hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether bigenzurwa kuri 0.2%, minisiteri yateguwe irwanya kunama. n'imbaraga zo guhuza biragaragara cyane, kandi bifite imiterere ihindagurika na plastike.
Porofeseri Ma Baoguo wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yerekanye ko ether ya selile ifite ingaruka zigaragara zo kudindiza, kandi ko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi ndetse n’imiterere y’imyanda ya sima; selulose ether yamamaye cyane hejuru yubutaka bwa sima kugirango bigire ingaruka zimwe. Irabuza nucleation no gukura kwibicuruzwa bitanga amazi; kurundi ruhande, selile ether ibuza kwimuka no gukwirakwizwa kwa ion bitewe ningaruka zayo zigaragara ziyongera, bityo bikadindiza hydrata ya sima kurwego runaka; selulose ether ifite alkali ituje.
Jian Shouwei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yanzuye avuga ko uruhare rwa CE muri minisiteri rugaragarira cyane cyane mu bintu bitatu: ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata amazi, ingaruka ku miterere ya minisiteri na thixotropy, no guhindura imvugo. CE ntabwo itanga minisiteri yimikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo inagabanya kugabanya ubushyuhe bwambere bwa hydrata ya sima no gutinza inzira ya hydration kinetic ya sima, byanze bikunze, ishingiye kumikoreshereze itandukanye ya minisiteri, hariho kandi itandukaniro muburyo bwo gusuzuma imikorere .
CE yahinduwe na minisiteri ikoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yoroheje muri minisiteri yumye ya buri munsi (nk'amatafari y'amatafari, putty, pompe ya pompe yoroheje, nibindi). Iyi miterere idasanzwe isanzwe iherekezwa no gutakaza amazi byihuse ya minisiteri. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibanze ku gufatira mu maso, kandi nta bushakashatsi buke ku bundi bwoko bwa minisiteri yoroheje ya CE yahinduwe.
Su Lei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yabonye binyuze mu isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi ku kigero cyo gufata amazi, gutakaza amazi no kugena igihe cya minisiteri yahinduwe na selile ya ether. Umubare w'amazi ugabanuka gahoro gahoro, kandi igihe cyo guterana ni kirekire; iyo umubare w'amazi ugeze kuri O. Nyuma ya 6%, ihinduka ryikiguzi cyo gufata amazi no gutakaza amazi ntibikigaragara, kandi igihe cyo kugena cyikubye kabiri; nubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwimbaraga zayo zo kwikuramo bwerekana ko iyo ibirimo selile ya selile iri munsi ya 0.8%, ibiri muri selile ya selile biri munsi ya 0.8%. Kwiyongera bizagabanya cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo; naho kubijyanye nimikorere yo guhuza hamwe na sima ya minisiteri ya sima, O. Munsi ya 7% yibirimo, kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya ether birashobora kuzamura neza imbaraga zubusabane.
Lai Jianqing wo muri Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd yasesenguye asoza avuga ko urugero rwiza rwa selile ya ether iyo urebye igipimo cyo gufata amazi hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho ari 0 binyuze mu bizamini byerekeranye n’igipimo cyo gufata amazi, imbaraga n’ingufu za bond EPS ya minisiteri yumuriro. 2%; selulose ether ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo guhumeka ikirere, bizatera kugabanuka kwingufu, cyane cyane kugabanuka kwingufu zingirakamaro, bityo rero birasabwa kuyikoresha hamwe nifu ya polymer idasubirwaho.
Yuan Wei na Qin Min bo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibikoresho byo mu Bushinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na selile ether muri beto ifuro. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko HPMC itezimbere imikorere yo gufata amazi ya beto nshya kandi ikagabanya igihombo cy’amazi ya beto ikomye; HPMC irashobora kugabanya igihombo cya beto nshya kandi ikagabanya ubukana bwimvange kubushyuhe. ; HPMC izagabanya cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo beto. Mubihe bisanzwe byo gukira, umubare runaka wa HPMC urashobora kuzamura imbaraga zicyitegererezo kurwego runaka.
Li Yuhai wo muri Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. yerekanye ko ubwoko n’ingano yifu ya latex, ubwoko bwa selile ya selile ndetse n’ibidukikije bikiza bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kurwanya ingaruka ziterwa na pompe. Ingaruka za selile ya selile kumbaraga zingaruka nazo ntizihagije ugereranije nibirimo polymer nibihe byo gukiza.
Yin Qingli wo muri AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co, Ltd yakoresheje Bermocoll PADl, ikibaho cyihariye cya polystirene gihuza selulose ether, kugirango igerageze, ikaba ikwiriye cyane cyane guhuza minisiteri ya EPS yo hanze. Bermocoll PADl irashobora kunoza imbaraga zo guhuza ikibaho cya minisiteri na polystirene hiyongereyeho imirimo yose ya selile. Ndetse no mugihe cya dosiye nkeya, ntishobora kunoza gusa gufata neza amazi no gukora mumabuye mashya, ariko kandi irashobora kunoza cyane imbaraga zambere zo guhuza hamwe nimbaraga zidashobora guhuza amazi hagati ya minisiteri nubuyobozi bwa polystirene kubera inanga idasanzwe. ikoranabuhanga. . Ariko, ntishobora kunoza ingaruka ziterwa na minisiteri hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza ikibaho cya polystirene. Kunoza iyi miterere, ifu ya redispersible latex igomba gukoreshwa.
Wang Peiming wo muri kaminuza ya Tongji yasesenguye amateka y’iterambere rya minisiteri y’ubucuruzi maze agaragaza ko ifu ya selulose ether na puderi ya latex bigira ingaruka zitari nke ku bipimo ngenderwaho nko gufata amazi, imbaraga za flexural na compressive, hamwe na moderi ya elastike y’ubutaka bwumye.
Zhang Lin n'abandi bo muri Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. banzuye ko, muri minisiteri yo guhuza ikibaho cyagutse cya polystirene yagutse yoroheje yometse ku rukuta rwo hanze hanze ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe (ni ukuvuga sisitemu ya Eqos), birasabwa ko amafaranga meza ifu ya rubber iba 2,5% niyo ntarengwa; ubukonje buke, selile yahinduwe cyane ether nubufasha bukomeye mugutezimbere imfashanyo yingirakamaro yingirakamaro ya minisiteri ikomeye.
Zhao Liqun wo muri Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. yerekanye muri iyo ngingo ko ether ya selulose ishobora guteza imbere cyane amazi ya minisiteri, kandi ikanagabanya cyane ubwinshi bwimbaraga nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, kandi bikongerera igihe igihe cya minisiteri. Mugihe kimwe, urugero rwa selulose ether hamwe nubwiza bwinshi ningirakamaro mugutezimbere igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri, ariko imbaraga zo kwikuramo zigabanuka cyane kandi igihe cyo kugena ni kirekire. Ifu yuzuye hamwe na selile ya ether ikuraho igabanuka rya plastike kumeneka ya minisiteri mugutezimbere amazi ya minisiteri.
Kaminuza ya Fuzhou Huang Lipin nabandi bize doping ya hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether na Ethylene. Imiterere yumubiri hamwe na morphologie yambukiranya ya sima yahinduwe ya vinyl acetate copolymer latex ifu. Byagaragaye ko ether ya selulose ifite amazi meza cyane, irwanya iyinjizwa ryamazi ningaruka zidasanzwe zo guhumeka ikirere, mugihe ibintu bigabanya amazi yifu ya latex hamwe no kunoza imiterere yubukorikori bwa minisiteri bigaragara cyane. Ingaruka zo guhindura; kandi hari dosiye ikwiye hagati ya polymers.
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, Chen Qian hamwe n’abandi bo muri Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. bagaragaje ko kongera igihe cyo gukurura no kongera umuvuduko ukabije bishobora gutanga uruhare runini ku ruhare rwa selile ya ether muri minisiteri ivanze, bitezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri, no kunoza igihe cyo gukurura. Umuvuduko muto cyane cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi bizatuma minisiteri igora kubaka; guhitamo selile nziza ya ether irashobora kandi kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze.
Li Sihan wo muri kaminuza ya Shenyang Jianzhu n'abandi basanze imvange y’amabuye y'agaciro ishobora kugabanya ihinduka ryumye rya minisiteri no kunoza imiterere y’ubukanishi; ikigereranyo cya lime n'umucanga kigira ingaruka kumiterere yubukanishi no kugabanuka kwa minisiteri; ifu ya polymer isubirwamo irashobora kunoza minisiteri. Kurwanya kumeneka, kunoza gukomera, imbaraga zoroshye, guhuriza hamwe, kurwanya ingaruka no kwambara, kunoza gufata neza no gukora; selulose ether ifite ingaruka zo guhumeka ikirere, zishobora kunoza amazi ya minisiteri; fibre yimbaho irashobora kunoza minisiteri Gutezimbere ubworoherane bwo gukoresha, gukora, no kurwanya kunyerera, no kwihutisha kubaka. Mugushyiramo ibintu bitandukanye kugirango bihindurwe, kandi binyuze mubipimo bifatika, minisiteri idashobora gukomeretsa ya rukuta yo hanze yububiko bwa sisitemu yumuriro hamwe nibikorwa byiza birashobora gutegurwa.
Yang Lei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan yavanze HEMC muri minisiteri maze asanga ifite imirimo ibiri yo gufata amazi no kubyimba, ibyo bikaba bibuza beto iterwa n’umwuka guhita yinjira mu mazi ya pompe, kandi ikemeza ko sima iri muri minisiteri yuzuye neza, ikora minisiteri Ihuriro hamwe na beto ihumeka irakomeye kandi imbaraga zububiko ziri hejuru; irashobora kugabanya cyane gusibanganya minisiteri ya pompe ya beto ihumeka. Iyo HEMC yongerewe kuri minisiteri, imbaraga za flexural ya minisiteri yagabanutseho gato, mugihe imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa zagabanutse cyane, kandi igabanywa ryikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka ryerekanaga inzira yo kuzamuka, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa HEMC bishobora kunoza ubukana bwa minisiteri.
Li Yanling n'abandi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan basanze imiterere yubukanishi bwa minisiteri ihujwe yatejwe imbere ugereranije na minisiteri isanzwe, cyane cyane imbaraga z’imigozi ya minisiteri, igihe hiyongereyeho ibivanze (ibikubiye muri selile ya selile yari 0.15%). Ni inshuro 2,33 zubwa minisiteri isanzwe.
Ma Baoguo wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan hamwe n’abandi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziterwa na dosiye zitandukanye za emulioni ya styrene-acrylic, ifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa, hamwe na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ku gukoresha amazi, imbaraga z’ubucuti no gukomera kwa minisiteri yoroheje. , wasanze iyo ibikubiye muri emulioni ya styrene-acrylic byari 4% kugeza kuri 6%, imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri zageze ku gaciro keza, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka cyari gito; ibikubiye muri selulose ether yiyongereye kuri O. Kuri 4%, imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri zigera ku kwiyuzuzamo, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka ni gito; iyo ibirimo ifu ya reberi ari 3%, imbaraga zo guhuza za minisiteri ninziza, kandi igipimo cyo guhunika-kugabanuka kigabanuka hiyongereyeho ifu ya rubber. icyerekezo.
Li Qiao n'abandi bo muri Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. bagaragaje muri iyi ngingo ko imikorere ya selulose ether muri sima ya sima ari ukubika amazi, kubyimba, kwinjiza ikirere, kudindiza no kuzamura imbaraga z’ubucuti, n'ibindi. Imikorere ijyanye Mugihe cyo gusuzuma no gutoranya MC, ibipimo bya MC bigomba kwitabwaho birimo viscosity, urwego rwo gusimbuza etherification, urwego rwo guhindura, ibicuruzwa bihamye, ibintu bifatika, ingano yibice nibindi bintu. Mugihe uhisemo MC mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya minisiteri, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ya MC ubwayo igomba gushyirwa imbere ukurikije ubwubatsi no gukoresha ibisabwa mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri, kandi ubwoko bwa MC bukwiye bugomba gutoranywa buhujwe nibigize ibipimo fatizo bya MC.
Qiu Yongxia wo muri Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. yasanze hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye rya ether selile, igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri cyiyongereye; ibyiza bya selile ya ether nziza, gufata neza amazi; Umubare munini wo gufata amazi ya selile ether; kugumana amazi ya selile ether bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwa minisiteri.
Zhang Bin wo muri kaminuza ya Tongji n'abandi bagaragaje muri iyo ngingo ko ibiranga imirimo ya minisiteri yahinduwe bifitanye isano rya bugufi no guteza imbere ubwiza bw’imitsi ya selile, ntabwo bivuze ko ether ya selile ifite ububobere buke bw'izina ifite ingaruka zigaragara ku mikorere, kuko ari zo nacyo cyatewe nubunini buke. , igipimo cyo guseswa nibindi bintu.
Zhou Xiao n'abandi bo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’umuco ndangamurage ndangamuco, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku murage ndangamuco w’Ubushinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi ku ruhare rw’inyongeramusaruro ebyiri, ifu ya polymer rubber na selulose ether, mu mbaraga z’ubucuti muri sisitemu ya minisiteri ya NHL (hydraulic lime), basanga ko byoroshye Bitewe no kugabanuka gukabije kwamazi ya hydraulic, ntishobora kubyara imbaraga zihagije hamwe namabuye yimbere. Umubare ukwiye wifu ya polymer reberi na selulose ether irashobora kuzamura neza imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri ya NHL kandi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa gushimangira umuco n’ibikoresho byo kurinda; mu rwego rwo gukumira Ifite ingaruka ku mazi yinjira no guhumeka ya minisiteri ya NHL ubwayo no guhuza ibisigisigi by’umuco wububiko. Muri icyo gihe, urebye imikorere yambere yo guhuza ibikorwa bya NHL mortar, umubare mwiza wongeyeho ifu ya polymer rubber iri munsi ya 0.5% kugeza kuri 1%, hamwe no kongeramo ether ya selile Amafaranga agenzurwa hafi 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan n'abandi bo mu kigo cya Beijing Institute of Material Material Science bakoze ibizamini bibiri bikozwe na rheologiya bashingiye ku gushyiraho imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri nshya, banakora isesengura rishingiye ku miterere y’ubutaka busanzwe bwa masonry, guhomesha minisiteri no guhomesha ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu. Ipima ryarapimwe, kandi byagaragaye ko hydroxyethyl selulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether bifite agaciro keza ka viscosity yambere hamwe nigabanuka ryubwiza bwigihe hamwe nubwiyongere bwihuse, ibyo bikaba bishobora gukungahaza binder kubwoko bwiza bwo guhuza, thixotropy hamwe no kurwanya kunyerera.
Li Yanling wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan hamwe n’abandi basanze ko kongeramo ether ya selile muri minisiteri bishobora guteza imbere cyane imikorere y’amazi ya minisiteri, bityo bigatuma iterambere rya sima rigenda neza. Nubwo kongeramo ether ya selile bigabanya imbaraga zingirakamaro nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, iracyongera igipimo cya flexural-compression hamwe nimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri kurwego runaka.
1.4Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ryimvange ya minisiteri murugo no mumahanga
Muri iki gihe inganda zubaka, umusaruro nogukoresha beto na minisiteri ni nini, kandi na sima nayo iriyongera. Umusaruro wa sima ningufu zikoreshwa cyane ninganda zangiza cyane. Kuzigama sima ningirakamaro cyane kugenzura ibiciro no kurengera ibidukikije. Nkigice gisimbuza igice cya sima, kuvanga amabuye y'agaciro ntibishobora gusa kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri na beto, ariko kandi birashobora no kuzigama sima nyinshi muburyo bwo gukoresha neza.
Mu nganda zubaka ibikoresho, ikoreshwa ryimvange ryagutse cyane. Ubwoko bwinshi bwa sima burimo byinshi cyangwa bike muburyo runaka bwimvange. Muri byo, sima isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane ya Portland yongeweho 5% mubikorwa. ~ 20%. Mubikorwa byo gukora inganda zinyuranye za minisiteri na beto, ikoreshwa ryimvange ni ryinshi.
Kugirango ushyire mubikorwa bya minisiteri, ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire kandi bunini bwakozwe mubihugu ndetse no mumahanga.
1.4.1Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwamahanga kubuvanganzo bukoreshwa kuri minisiteri
P. Kaminuza ya Californiya. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang n'abandi. basanze mugikorwa cya hydration yibikoresho bya gell, gel itabyimbye mubunini bungana, kandi imyunyu ngugu irashobora guhindura imiterere ya gel hydrated, ugasanga kubyimba kwa gele bifitanye isano na cations zingana muri gel . Umubare wa kopi werekanye isano ikomeye.
Kevin J. wo muri Amerika. Folliard na Makoto Ohta n'abandi. yerekanye ko kongeramo umwotsi wa silika hamwe n ivu ryumuceri kuri minisiteri bishobora kuzamura imbaraga zo kwikuramo, mugihe kongeramo ivu ryisazi bigabanya imbaraga, cyane cyane mugihe cyambere.
Philippe Lawrence na Martin Cyr bo mu Bufaransa basanze imyunyu ngugu itandukanye ishobora kuzamura imbaraga za minisiteri munsi ya dosiye ikwiye. Itandukaniro riri hagati yimyunyu ngugu itandukanye ntabwo igaragara mugihe cyambere cya hydration. Mugihe cyanyuma cya hydration, kwiyongera kwingufu byatewe nigikorwa cyo kuvanga amabuye y'agaciro, kandi kwiyongera kwimbaraga guterwa no kuvanga inert ntibishobora gufatwa nkibyuzuye. Ingaruka, ariko igomba kwitirirwa ingaruka zifatika za nuclease nyinshi.
ValIly0 yo muri Bulugariya Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev n'abandi basanze ibice by'ibanze ari umwotsi wa silika hamwe na karisiyumu nkeya ya kivu ivu binyuze mu miterere na mashini ya sima ya beto na beto ivanze n’imikorere ya pozzolanike ikora, ishobora kuzamura imbaraga z’amabuye ya sima. Umwotsi wa Silica ugira ingaruka zikomeye kumazi hakiri kare y'ibikoresho bya sima, mugihe ivu ryisazi rifite ingaruka zikomeye kumazi nyuma.
1.4.2Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwo murugo kubijyanye no gukoresha imvange kuri minisiteri
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, Zhong Shiyun na Xiang Keqin bo muri kaminuza ya Tongji basanze ko minisiteri yahinduwe ya minisiteri y’ubwiza bw’isazi y’isazi na emulioni ya polyacrylate (PAE), igihe igipimo cya poly-binder cyari gishyizwe kuri 0.08, igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro. mortar yiyongereye hamwe nubwiza nibirimo ivu ryisazi bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwivu. Birasabwa ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyigiciro kinini cyo kuzamura imiterere ya minisiteri hongerwa gusa ibiri muri polymer.
Wang Yinong wo muri Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company yize ibijyanye n’imisemburo ikora cyane, ishobora kuzamura imikorere ya minisiteri, kugabanya urugero rwo gusibanganya, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhuza. Irakwiriye kubakwa no guhomesha ibyuma bya beto. .
Chen Miaomiao n'abandi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Nanjing bakoze ubushakashatsi ku kamaro ko kuvanga kabiri ivu n’ifu y’amabuye muri minisiteri yumye ku mikorere y’imikorere n’imashini ya minisiteri, basanga ko kongeramo imvange ebyiri bitazamura imikorere gusa n’imikorere y’ubukanishi Bya Kuvanga. Imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi irashobora kandi kugabanya neza igiciro. Igipimo cyiza gisabwa ni ugusimbuza 20% by ivu ryifu nifu ya minerval, ikigereranyo cya minisiteri numucanga ni 1: 3, naho igipimo cyamazi nibikoresho ni 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga y’Ubushinwa yashyizeho igipimo cy’amazi, ahindura bentonite, selile ether na powder ya rubber, maze yiga ku miterere y’imbaraga za minisiteri, kubika amazi no kugabanuka kwumye kw’imyunyu ngugu itatu, maze asanga ibivanze byageze Kuri 50%, ububobere bwiyongera cyane kandi imbaraga ziragabanuka, kandi igipimo cyiza cyibintu bitatu bivangwa namabuye y'agaciro ni 8% by'ifu ya hekeste, 30% slag, na 4% by'ivu biguruka, bishobora kugumana amazi. igipimo, agaciro gakunzwe k'imbaraga.
Li Ying wo muri kaminuza ya Qinghai yakoze ibizamini bya minisiteri ivanze n’imyunyu ngugu, asoza anasesengura ko imyunyu ngugu ishobora guhuza icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ifu, kandi ingaruka zuzuza mikoro hamwe n’amazi ya kabiri y’ibishobora kuvangwa bishobora kugera ku rugero runaka, ubwitonzi bwa minisiteri bwiyongereye, bityo byongera imbaraga.
Zhao Yujing wo muri Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. yakoresheje igitekerezo cyo gukomera kuvunika n’ingufu zavunitse kugira ngo yige ku ruhare rw’imyunyu ngugu ku bucukuzi bwa beto. Ikizamini cyerekana ko kuvanga imyunyu ngugu bishobora guteza imbere gato gukomera kuvunika ningufu zavunitse za minisiteri; mugihe cyubwoko bumwe bwo kuvanga, amafaranga yo gusimbuza 40% yimyunyu ngugu ningirakamaro cyane kumeneka gukomera ningufu zavunitse.
Xu Guangsheng wo muri kaminuza ya Henan yerekanye ko iyo ubuso bwihariye bw’ifu y’amabuye ari munsi ya E350m2 / l [g, ibikorwa ni bike, imbaraga za 3d ni nka 30% gusa, naho imbaraga za 28d zikura kugeza kuri 0 ~ 90% ; mugihe kuri 400m2 melon g, imbaraga za 3d Irashobora kuba hafi 50%, naho 28d imbaraga ziri hejuru ya 95%. Dufatiye ku mahame remezo ya rheologiya, ukurikije isesengura ryubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mazi ya minisiteri n’umuvuduko w’imigezi, hafashwe imyanzuro myinshi: ibivu by ivu biri munsi ya 20% birashobora kuzamura neza umuvuduko wa minisiteri n’umuvuduko w’amazi, hamwe nifu ya minerval mugihe iyo dosiye iri munsi 25%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kwiyongera ariko umuvuduko wo kugabanuka uragabanuka.
Porofeseri Wang Dongmin wo muri kaminuza y’Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’ikoranabuhanga n’Ubushinwa na Porofeseri Feng Lufeng wo muri kaminuza ya Shandong Jianzhu bagaragaje muri iyo ngingo ko beto ari ibikoresho by’ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ibikoresho bikomatanyije, aribyo paste ya sima, igiteranyo, paste ya sima hamwe na hamwe. Intera yinzibacyuho ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ihuriro. ITZ ni agace gakungahaye ku mazi, igipimo cy’amazi-sima cyaho ni kinini cyane, ububobere nyuma yo kuvomera ni bunini, kandi bizatera ubutunzi bwa hydroxide ya calcium. Aka gace gashobora gutera ibice byambere, kandi birashoboka cyane gutera impagarara. Kwishyira hamwe ahanini bigena ubukana. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko kongeramo ibivanze bishobora guteza imbere neza amazi ya endocrine muri zone yinzibacyuho, kugabanya umubyimba wa zone yinzibacyuho, no kongera imbaraga.
Zhang Jianxin wo muri kaminuza ya Chongqing n'abandi basanze mu guhindura mu buryo bwuzuye methyl selulose ether, fibre polypropilene, ifu ya polymer isubirwamo, hamwe n’ibindi bivangwa na minisiteri yumye ivanze neza kandi ikora neza. Kuvangavanze byumye-bidashobora kwangirika bifite plaque ifite akazi keza, imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe no guhangana neza. Ubwiza bwingoma nibisambo nikibazo gisanzwe.
Ren Chuanyao wo muri kaminuza ya Zhejiang n'abandi bigaga ku ngaruka za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ku miterere y’isazi y’isazi, anasesengura isano iri hagati y’ubucucike bw’amazi n'imbaraga zo kwikuramo. Byagaragaye ko kongeramo hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether mumashanyarazi yisazi bishobora kuzamura imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri, bikongerera igihe cyo guhuza minisiteri, kandi bikagabanya ubwinshi bwamazi nimbaraga zo kwikuramo za minisiteri. Hariho isano ryiza hagati yubucucike butose nimbaraga za 28d zo kwikuramo. Ukurikije imiterere izwi yubushuhe, 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo zirashobora kubarwa ukoresheje formula ikwiye.
Porofeseri Pang Lufeng na Chang Qingshan bo muri kaminuza ya Shandong Jianzhu bakoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo gushushanya kugira ngo bige ku ngaruka eshatu zivanze n'ivu ry'isazi, ifu y'amabuye y'agaciro na silika fume ku mbaraga za beto, maze bashyira ahagaragara formulaire yo guhanura ifite agaciro gakomeye binyuze mu gusubira inyuma. isesengura. , kandi birashoboka ko byagenzuwe.
1.5Intego n'akamaro k'ubu bushakashatsi
Nibyingenzi byingenzi bigumana amazi, selile ether ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibiryo, minisiteri na beto nizindi nganda. Nkuruvange rwingenzi muri minisiteri zitandukanye, ether zitandukanye za selile zirashobora kugabanya cyane kuva amaraso ya minisiteri yamazi menshi, kuzamura thixotropy no kubaka ubwubatsi bwa minisiteri, no kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi nimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri.
Ikoreshwa ry’imyunyu ngugu iragenda ikwirakwira cyane, ibyo ntibikemura gusa ikibazo cyo gutunganya umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda, bikiza ubutaka kandi bikarengera ibidukikije, ariko kandi bishobora guhindura imyanda ubutunzi kandi bikabyara inyungu.
Habayeho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kubigize ibice bibiri bya minisiteri mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ariko ntabushakashatsi bwinshi bwubushakashatsi buhuza byombi hamwe. Intego yuru rupapuro ni ukuvanga ethers nyinshi ya selile na minerval ivanze muri paste ya sima icyarimwe, minisiteri nini ya minisiteri na minisiteri ya plastike (ifata urugero rwa minisiteri), binyuze mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwamazi nibintu bitandukanye bya mashini, amategeko yingirakamaro yubwoko bubiri bwa minisiteri mugihe ibice byongeweho hamwe byegeranijwe muri make, bizagira ingaruka kuri selile ya ether. Kandi ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro atanga ibisobanuro runaka.
Byongeye kandi, iyi mpapuro itanga uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga za minisiteri na beto hashingiwe ku nyigisho ya FERET hamwe na coefficente yibikorwa bya minerval minerval, bishobora gutanga akamaro kanini kayobora muburyo bwo kuvanga ibipimo no guhanura imbaraga za minisiteri na beto.
1.6Ibyingenzi byubushakashatsi biri muriyi nyandiko
Ibyingenzi byubushakashatsi biri muriyi mpapuro birimo:
1. Mu guhuriza hamwe ethers nyinshi ya selile hamwe n’ibintu bitandukanye bivangwa n’amabuye y'agaciro, hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku mazi y’amazi meza asukuye hamwe na minisiteri y’amazi menshi, kandi amategeko y’ingaruka yaravuzwe mu ncamake n'impamvu zirasesengurwa.
2. Mugushyiramo ethers ya selile hamwe nibindi binyabuzima byongewe kumyunyu ngugu mwinshi hamwe na minisiteri ihuza, shakisha ingaruka zabyo kumbaraga zogukomeretsa, imbaraga zoroheje, igipimo cyo kwikuramo no guhuza minisiteri ya minisiteri nini ya minisiteri na minisiteri ya plastike Itegeko ryingaruka kumubano ukabije. imbaraga.
3. Hamwe na théorie yimbaraga za FERET hamwe na coefficente yibikorwa yimyunyu ngugu, uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga kubintu byinshi bya simaitima yibikoresho bya beto na beto birasabwa.
Igice cya 2 Isesengura ryibikoresho fatizo nibigize ibizamini
2.1 Ibikoresho by'ibizamini
2.1.1 Isima (C)
Ikizamini cyakoresheje ikirango cya "Shanshui Dongyue". 42.5 Isima.
2.1.2 Ifu yamabuye y'agaciro (KF)
Hatoranijwe amadolari 95 yo gutanura itanura rya fagitire ya Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Furuka ivu (FA)
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy'isazi yo mu kirere cyakozwe na Jinan Huangtai Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwaratoranijwe, ubwiza (hasigaye icyuma gisigaye cya 459m cyumwobo) ni 13%, naho igipimo cy’amazi ni 96%.
2.1.4 Umwotsi wa Silica (sF)
Fume ya Silica ifata silika ya silika ya Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ubwinshi bwayo ni 2.59 / cm3; ubuso bwihariye ni 17500m2 / kg, naho impuzandengo yikigereranyo ni O. 1 ～ 0.39m, igipimo cyibikorwa 28d ni 108%, igipimo cy’amazi ni 120%.
2.1.5 Ifu ya redxersible powderx (JF)
Ifu ya reberi ifata ifu ya Max redispersible latex 6070N (ubwoko bwa bonding) muri Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Ether ya selile (CE)
CMC yakiriye icyiciro cya CMC muri Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., HPMC ifata ubwoko bubiri bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yo muri Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Ibindi bivangwa
Kalisiyumu ikabije ya karubone, fibre yimbaho, irwanya amazi, calcium ikora, nibindi.
2.1,8 umucanga
Imashini yakozwe na mashini ya quartz ifata ubwoko bune bwiza: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh na 70.140 H, ubucucike ni 2650 kg / rn3, naho gutwika stack ni 1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Ifu ya Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC)
Ifu ya polycarboxylate ya Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ni 1J1030, naho kugabanya amazi ni 30%.
2.1.10 Umusenyi (S)
Umusenyi wo hagati wumugezi wa Dawen muri Tai'an urakoreshwa.
2.1.11 Igiteranyo cyuzuye (G)
Koresha Jinan Ganggou kubyara amabuye 5 "~ 25.
2.2 Uburyo bwo kugerageza
2.2.1 Uburyo bwikizamini cyo gutembera neza
Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha: NJ. Ubwoko 160 bwa sima ivanze, byakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Uburyo bwikizamini nibisubizo bibarwa ukurikije uburyo bwikizamini cyo gutembera kwa paste ya sima kumugereka A wa "GB 50119.2003 Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yo gukoresha imiti ya beto" cyangwa ((GB / T8077--2000 Uburyo bwikizamini cyo guhuza ibitsina bya beto) ).
2.2.2 Uburyo bwo kwipimisha kumazi ya minisiteri yo hejuru
Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha: JJ. Ubwoko bwa 5 bwa sima ivanze, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Imashini yipimisha TYE-2000B ya minisiteri, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B imashini yipimisha minisiteri, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Uburyo bwa Mortar fluidity detection bushingiye kuri "JC. T 986-2005 Ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima" na "GB 50119-2003 Ibisobanuro bya tekinike yo gukoresha imiti ya beto" Umugereka A, ubunini bwa cone bupfa gukoreshwa, uburebure ni 60mm , diameter y'imbere y'icyambu cyo hejuru ni 70mm, diameter y'imbere y'icyambu cyo hasi ni 100mm, naho diameter yo hanze y'icyambu cyo hasi ni 120mm, kandi uburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 2000g buri gihe.
Ikizamini cyibisubizo byamazi abiri agomba gufata impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyerekezo ebyiri zihagaritse nkibisubizo byanyuma.
2.2.3 Uburyo bwo kugerageza imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri
Ibikoresho by'ibizamini by'ingenzi: WDL. Andika imashini ya elegitoroniki 5 yo kwipimisha, yakozwe na Tianjin Gangyuan Uruganda rwibikoresho.
Uburyo bwikizamini cyingufu zingirakamaro zizashyirwa mubikorwa hashingiwe ku gice cya 10 cya (JGJ / T70.2009 Igipimo cyuburyo bwikizamini kubintu byibanze byubaka Mortars.
Igice cya 3. Ingaruka ya selulose ether kuri paste yuzuye na minisiteri yububiko bwa simaitima yibintu bitandukanye bivangwa namabuye y'agaciro.
Ingaruka y'amazi
Iki gice kirasesengura ethers nyinshi ya selile na minerval mugupima umubare munini wurwego rwinshi rwa sima rushingiye kuri sima na minisiteri hamwe na binary cimentitike ya sisitemu na minisiteri hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu itandukanye hamwe n'amazi yabyo hamwe no gutakaza igihe. Itegeko ryingaruka zo gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi kumazi meza ya minisiteri na minisiteri, hamwe ningaruka zibintu bitandukanye byegeranijwe kandi birasesengurwa.
3.1 Urucacagu rwa protocole yubushakashatsi
Urebye ingaruka za selulose ether kumikorere yimikorere ya sisitemu ya sima na sisitemu zitandukanye za sima, twiga muburyo bubiri:
1. pure. Ifite ibyiza byo gushishoza, imikorere yoroshye nukuri kwukuri, kandi irakwiriye cyane kugirango hamenyekane imihindagurikire yimvange nka selulose ether kubintu bya gell, kandi itandukaniro riragaragara.
2. Amashanyarazi menshi. Kugera kumurongo muremure nabyo ni kubworohereza gupima no kwitegereza. Hano, ihinduka ryibisobanuro byerekana ibintu bigenzurwa cyane cyane na superplasticizers ikora cyane. Kugirango tugabanye ikosa ryikizamini, dukoresha kugabanya amazi ya polyakarubisile hamwe noguhuza kwinshi na sima, itumva ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwikizamini bugomba kugenzurwa cyane.
3.2 Ingaruka yikizamini cya selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
3.2.1 Gahunda yikizamini ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ingaruka za selile ya selile ku mazi meza ya sima, isima ya sima isukuye ya sisitemu imwe yibikoresho bya simaitima yakoreshejwe bwa mbere kugirango harebwe ingaruka. Indangagaciro nyamukuru yerekana hano ifata ibintu byimbitse.
Ibintu bikurikira bifatwa nkigikorwa cyo kugenda:
1. Ubwoko bwa selile ethers
2. Ibirimo bya selile
3. Igihe gito cyo kuruhuka
Hano, twakosoye PC yibigize ifu kuri 0.2%. Amatsinda atatu hamwe nitsinda enye ryibizamini byakoreshejwe muburyo butatu bwa selile ya selile (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kuri sodium carboxymethyl selulose CMC, igipimo cya 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, aribyo Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ingano ya sima muri buri kizamini ni 3009). , kuri hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether, dosiye ni 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, aribyo 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini no gusesengura ingaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
(1) Ikizamini cya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na CMC
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, mubijyanye no gutembera kwambere, hiyongereyeho CMC, amazi yambere yagabanutseho gato; igice cy'isaha y'amazi yagabanutse cyane hamwe na dosiye, cyane cyane bitewe nigice cyamasaha yamazi yitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Ninini ya 20mm kurenza iyambere (ibi birashobora guterwa no kudindiza ifu ya PC): -IJ, amazi agabanuka gato kuri dosiye ya 0.1%, kandi yongera kwiyongera kuri 0.2%.
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe na dosiye imwe, ubwinshi bwitsinda ryitsinda ryabaye rinini mu gice cyisaha, kandi ryaragabanutse mu isaha imwe (ibi birashobora guterwa nuko nyuma yisaha imwe, uduce twa sima twagaragaye cyane kandi twinshi, imiterere-yimiterere yabanje gushingwa, kandi gusebanya byagaragaye cyane; umuvuduko w'amatsinda ya C1 na C2 wagabanutseho gato mu gice cy'isaha, byerekana ko kwinjiza amazi kwa CMC byagize ingaruka runaka kuri leta; mugihe kubiri muri C2, habaye kwiyongera kwinshi mumasaha imwe, byerekana ko ibikubiye mubikorwa byingaruka zo kudindiza kwa CMC byiganje.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe niyongerekana ryibirimo muri CMC, ibintu byo gushushanya bitangira kugaragara, byerekana ko CMC igira ingaruka runaka mukwongera ububobere bwa paste ya sima, kandi ingaruka ziterwa na CMC zitera ibisekuruza bya ikirere.
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Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Uhereye ku gishushanyo cyerekana ingaruka zigihe cyo guhagarara kumazi, birashobora kugaragara ko amazi yatemba mugice cyisaha ari manini ugereranije niyambere nisaha imwe, kandi hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo muri HPMC, inzira iracika intege. Muri rusange, gutakaza amazi ntabwo ari binini, byerekana ko HPMC ifite amazi agaragara kubutaka, kandi bifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza.
Birashobora kugaragara mubireba ko amazi atemba cyane kubiri muri HPMC. Mubipimo byubushakashatsi, uko ibirimo HPMC binini, niko bigenda bitemba. Biragoye cyane kuzuza amazi ya cone yonyine munsi y'amazi angana. Birashobora kugaragara ko nyuma yo kongeramo HPMC, igihombo cyamazi yatewe nigihe ntago ari kinini kubusa.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Itsinda ryambaye ubusa rifite amaraso, kandi birashobora kugaragara uhereye kumihindagurikire ikabije y’amazi hamwe na dosiye ko HPMC ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gufata amazi no kubyibuha cyane kuruta CMC, kandi ikagira uruhare runini mugukuraho ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso. Imyuka minini yo mu kirere ntigomba kumvikana nkingaruka zo kwinjiza umwuka. Mubyukuri, nyuma yubukonje bwiyongereye, umwuka wivanze mugihe cyo gukurura ibintu ntushobora gukubitwa mubyuka bito byumwuka kuko ibishishwa ari byiza cyane.
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Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ingaruka zibiri muri HPMC (150.000) kumazi, ingaruka zo guhindura ibintu kumazi ziragaragara cyane kuruta 100.000 HPMC, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwijimye rya HPMC bizagabanuka amazi.
Ku bijyanye no kwitegereza, ukurikije icyerekezo rusange cy’imihindagurikire y’amazi hamwe nigihe, ingaruka zokugabanya igice cyamasaha ya HPMC (150.000) ziragaragara, mugihe ingaruka -4, ari mbi kurusha HPMC (100.000) .
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Habayeho kuva amaraso mu itsinda ryambaye ubusa. Impamvu yo gushushanya isahani ni ukubera ko igipimo cyamazi-sima yikibabi cyo hasi cyabaye gito nyuma yo kuva amaraso, kandi ibishishwa byari byinshi kandi bigoye kuvana mubisahani. Kwiyongera kwa HPMC byagize uruhare runini mugukuraho ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, umubare muto wibibyimba bito byabanje kugaragara hanyuma ibinini binini bigaragara. Ibibyimba bito biterwa ahanini nimpamvu runaka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibibyimba binini ntibigomba kumvikana nkingaruka zo kwinjiza umwuka. Mubyukuri, nyuma yubukonje bwiyongereye, umwuka uvanze mugihe cyo gukurura ni byiza cyane kandi ntibishobora gutemba bivuye kumurongo.
3.3 Ikizamini cya selile ya ether ya selile kumazi yubusa bwibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima.
Iki gice kiragaragaza cyane cyane ingaruka ziterwa no gukoresha imiti myinshi hamwe na ether eshatu za selile (carboxymethyl selulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC) kumazi ya pulp.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amatsinda atatu n'amatsinda ane y'ibizamini yakoreshejwe kubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kuri sodium carboxymethyl selulose CMC, igipimo cya 0%, 0,10%, na 0.2%, aribyo 0g, 0.3g, na 0,6g (dosiye ya sima kuri buri kizamini ni 300g). Kuri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ibipimo ni 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, aribyo 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. PC yibigize ifu igenzurwa kuri 0.2%.
Ifu yisazi nifu ya slag muvanga minerval isimburwa nuburyo bumwe bwo kuvanga imbere, naho urwego rwo kuvanga ni 10%, 20% na 30%, ni ukuvuga amafaranga yo gusimburwa ni 30g, 60g na 90g. Nyamara, urebye ingaruka zibikorwa byo hejuru, kugabanuka, na leta, ibirimo umwotsi wa silika bigenzurwa kuri 3%, 6%, na 9%, ni ukuvuga 9g, 18g, na 27g.
3.3.
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3.3.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini no gusesengura ingaruka za selulose ether kumazi yibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima
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Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kongera neza amazi yambere ya slurry, kandi bikunda kwaguka hamwe no kwiyongera kwivu ryisazi. Muri icyo gihe, iyo ibiri muri CMC byiyongereye, amazi agabanuka gato, kandi kugabanuka ntarengwa ni 20mm.
Birashobora kugaragara ko amazi yambere ya slurry yera ashobora kwiyongera kumupanga muke wifu yifu, kandi iterambere ryamazi ntikigaragara mugihe dosiye iri hejuru ya 20%. Mugihe kimwe, ingano ya CMC muri O. Kuri 1%, amazi ni menshi.
Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko ibirimo umwotsi wa silika muri rusange bigira ingaruka zitari nziza kumazi yambere ya slurry. Muri icyo gihe, CMC nayo yagabanije gato amazi.
Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binary cimentité yuzuye ivanze na CMC hamwe nubutare butandukanye.
Birashobora kugaragara ko iterambere ryamazi yisazi yisazi mugihe cyigice cyisaha bigira ingaruka nziza kumupanga muke, ariko birashobora nanone kubera ko biri hafi yimipaka yimyanda yuzuye. Mugihe kimwe, CMC iracyafite kugabanuka gake mumazi.
Byongeye kandi, ugereranije amazi yambere nigice cyamazi, ushobora gusanga ivu ryinshi ryisazi rifite akamaro mukurwanya igihombo cyamazi mugihe.
Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko ingano yifu ya minerval idafite ingaruka mbi zigaragara kumazi ya shitingi yera mugihe cyigice cyisaha, kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo bikomeye. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka z'ibintu bya CMC ku mazi mu gice cy'isaha ntizigaragara, ariko iterambere ry’itsinda risimbuza ifu ya minerval 20% riragaragara.
Birashobora kugaragara ko ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubusembwa bwuzuye hamwe nubunini bwa silika fume mugice cyisaha iragaragara cyane kuruta iyambere, cyane cyane ingaruka ziri hagati ya 6% na 9% ziragaragara cyane. Muri icyo gihe, igabanuka ryibintu bya CMC kumazi ni nka 30mm, ibyo bikaba birenze kugabanuka kwibintu bya CMC kubitangira.
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Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko ingaruka zivu zisazi kumazi zigaragara cyane, ariko dusanga mubizamini ko ivu ryisazi nta ngaruka zigaragara zitera kumaraso. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya ingaruka za HPMC kumazi biragaragara cyane (cyane cyane murwego rwa 0.1% kugeza 0.15% bya dosiye nyinshi, kugabanuka kwinshi kurashobora kugera kuri 50mm).
Birashobora kugaragara ko ifu ya minerval igira ingaruka nke mumazi, kandi ntitezimbere cyane kuva amaraso. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya ingaruka za HPMC kumazi bigera kuri 60mm murwego rwa 0.1% ～ 0.15% ya dosiye nyinshi.
Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi ya silika bigaragara cyane murwego runini, kandi byongeye kandi, umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka zigaragara kumaraso mu kizamini. Muri icyo gihe, HPMC igira ingaruka zigaragara mukugabanya umuvuduko wamazi (cyane cyane murwego rwa dosiye nyinshi (0.1% kugeza 0.15%). Kubireba ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi, umwotsi wa silika na HPMC bigira uruhare runini, kandi ibindi Kwiyunga bikora nkumufasha muto uhindura.
Birashobora kugaragara ko, muri rusange, ingaruka zivanze eshatu kumazi asa nagaciro kambere. Iyo umwotsi wa silika uri murwego rwo hejuru rwa 9% naho HPMC ikaba O. Ku bijyanye na 15%, ibintu byerekana ko amakuru adashobora gukusanywa kubera imiterere mibi ya slurry byari bigoye kuzuza ifu ya cone , byerekana ko ububobere bwa silika fume na HPMC bwiyongereye cyane kuri dosiye nyinshi. Ugereranije na CMC, ingaruka zo kwiyongera kwa HPMC ziragaragara cyane.
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Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko HPMC (150.000) na HPMC (100.000) bigira ingaruka zisa kuri slurry, ariko HPMC ifite ubukonje bwinshi ifite igabanuka ritoya ryamazi, ariko ntibigaragara, bigomba kuba bifitanye isano no guseswa. ya HPMC. Umuvuduko ufite isano runaka. Mubivanze, ingaruka yibisazi byisazi kumazi ya slurry ahanini ni umurongo kandi mwiza, kandi 30% yibirimo birashobora kongera amazi kuri 20, -, 30mm; Ingaruka ntabwo igaragara, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kunoza amaraso ni nke; ndetse no ku rugero ruto ruri munsi ya 10%, umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka zigaragara cyane mukugabanya amaraso, kandi ubuso bwacyo bwihariye bukubye inshuro ebyiri kurenza sima. Itondekanya ry'ubunini, ingaruka zo kwinjiza amazi kumazi ni ingenzi cyane.
Mu ijambo, muburyo butandukanye bwa dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya slurry, dosiye ya silika fume na HPMC nikintu cyambere, cyaba kugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, ni biragaragara cyane, izindi Ingaruka zivanga ni izakabiri kandi zigira uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
Igice cya gatatu cyerekana muri make ingaruka za HPMC (150.000) hamwe nuruvange rwamazi yimyunyu ngugu mugihe cyigice cyisaha, ubusanzwe bisa n amategeko agenga agaciro kambere. Birashobora kugaragara ko kwiyongera kw'ivu ry'isazi kumazi ya slurry isukuye mugihe cyigice cyisaha bigaragara cyane ugereranije no kwiyongera kwamazi yambere, ingaruka yifu ya slag iracyagaragara, kandi ningaruka yibintu bya silika ya silika kumazi. biracyagaragara cyane. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ibikubiye muri HPMC, hari ibintu byinshi bidashobora gusukwa kubintu byinshi, byerekana ko dosiye ya O. 15% igira ingaruka zikomeye mukwiyongera kwijimye no kugabanya amazi, naho kubijyanye na fluidite kuri kimwe cya kabiri isaha, ugereranije nagaciro kambere, itsinda rya slag ya O. Amazi ya 05% HPMC yagabanutse kuburyo bugaragara.
Kubyerekeranye no gutakaza amazi mugihe, kwinjiza umwotsi wa silika bigira ingaruka nini kuri yo, cyane cyane ko umwotsi wa silika ufite ubwiza bunini, ibikorwa byinshi, reaction yihuse, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukuramo ubuhehere, bikaviramo kumva neza gutembera kumwanya uhagaze. Kuri.
3.4 Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima isukuye-yuzuye ya minisiteri.
3.4.
Koresha amazi menshi ya minisiteri kugirango urebe ingaruka zayo kumikorere. Icyerekezo nyamukuru cyerekana hano ni intangiriro nigice cyamasaha yikizamini cya minisiteri.
Ibintu bikurikira bifatwa nkigikorwa cyo kugenda:
Ubwoko 1 bwa selile ethers,
2 Ingano ya selile ether,
3 Mortar umwanya uhagaze
3.4.2.
(1) Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya fluide ya sima isukuye ivanze na CMC
Incamake nisesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, mubijyanye no gutembera kwambere, hiyongereyeho CMC, amazi yambere yagabanutseho gato, kandi mugihe ibirimo bigeze kuri O. Kuri 15%, habaho kugabanuka kugaragara; kugabanuka kurwego rwamazi hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo mugice cyisaha bisa nagaciro kambere.
2. Ikimenyetso:
Mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, ugereranije no gutembera neza, kwinjiza agregate muri minisiteri byorohereza ibyuka bihumeka kwinjirira mu kayunguruzo, kandi ingaruka zo guhagarika igiteranyo ku maraso ava mu maraso nazo zizorohereza ibyuka bihumeka cyangwa kuva amaraso. Muri slurry rero, ibyuka byumwuka nubunini bwa minisiteri bigomba kuba binini kandi binini kuruta ubwiza. Ku rundi ruhande, birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwibiri muri CMC, amazi aragabanuka, byerekana ko CMC igira ingaruka zikomeye kuri minisiteri, kandi ikizamini cy’amazi y’isaha cyerekana ko ibibyimba byuzuye hejuru kwiyongera gato. .
(2) Ibizamini bya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na HPMC (100.000)
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku gishushanyo ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa HPMC, amazi aragabanuka cyane. Ugereranije na CMC, HPMC ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kubyimba. Ingaruka no gufata amazi nibyiza. Kuva kuri 0.05% kugeza 0.1%, intera ihinduka ryamazi iragaragara cyane, kandi kuva O. Nyuma ya 1%, ntabwo ihinduka ryambere cyangwa igice cyamasaha yo guhinduka ari kinini cyane.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Birashobora kugaragara kumeza no gushushanya ko mubyukuri nta bisebe biri mumatsinda abiri ya Mh2 na Mh3, byerekana ko ubwiza bwamatsinda yombi bumaze kuba bunini, bikabuza gutembera kwinshi mubituba.
(3) Ibizamini bya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na HPMC (150.000)
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda menshi hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, icyerekezo rusange nuko amazi yambere yambere nigice cyamasaha agabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo muri HPMC, kandi kugabanuka kugaragara cyane kuruta ibya HPMC hamwe nubwiza bwa 100.000, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa viscosity ya HPMC bituma yiyongera. Ingaruka yo kubyimba irashimangirwa, ariko muri O. Ingaruka ya dosiye iri munsi ya 05% ntabwo igaragara, amazi afite impinduka nini ugereranije na 0.05% kugeza 0.1%, kandi icyerekezo cyongeye kuba murwego rwa 0.1% kugeza 0.15%. Genda gahoro, cyangwa uhagarike guhinduka. Ugereranije igice cyamasaha yo gutakaza agaciro (gutembera kwambere nigice cyisaha cyamazi) ya HPMC hamwe nubucucike bubiri, urashobora gusanga HPMC ifite ubukonje bwinshi ishobora kugabanya igihombo, byerekana ko kubika amazi no gushiraho ingaruka mbi zo kudindiza ari byiza kuruta ubwiza buke.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya amaraso, HPMCs zombi zifite itandukaniro rito mubikorwa, byombi birashobora kugumana neza amazi no kubyimba, gukuraho ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kuva amaraso, kandi icyarimwe bigatuma ibibyimba bitemba neza.
3.5 Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya minisiteri nini ya sisitemu zitandukanye.
3.5.1 Gahunda yikizamini ku ngaruka za selile ya selile ku mazi ya minisiteri nini ya sisitemu zitandukanye.
Amashanyarazi menshi aracyakoreshwa kugirango yitegereze ingaruka zayo. Ibipimo nyamukuru byerekana ni intangiriro nigice cyamasaha ya minisiteri yo gutahura.
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3.5.2.
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Duhereye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'amazi ya mbere, dushobora kwemeza ko kongeramo ivu ry'isazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; iyo ibirimo ifu yubutaka ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato; umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka nyinshi kumazi, cyane cyane mubipimo bya 6% ~ 9% bihindagurika, bigatuma igabanuka ryamazi agera kuri 90mm.
Mu matsinda abiri y ivu nifu yifu, CMC igabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri kurwego runaka, mugihe mumatsinda ya silika fume, O. Ubwiyongere bwibintu bya CMC hejuru ya 1% ntibikigira ingaruka zikomeye kumazi ya minisiteri.
Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na CMC hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Duhereye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'amazi mu gice cy'isaha, dushobora kwanzura ko ingaruka z'ibigize imvange na CMC bisa n'ibya mbere, ariko ibikubiye muri CMC mu itsinda ry'ifu ya minerval bihinduka kuva O. 1% kugeza O. Impinduka ya 2% nini, kuri 30mm.
Kubijyanye no gutakaza amazi mugihe, ivu ryisazi rigira ingaruka zo kugabanya igihombo, mugihe ifu yumutuku hamwe numwotsi wa silika bizongera agaciro k'igihombo munsi ya dosiye nyinshi. 9% ya dosiye ya silika nayo itera ibizamini byo kutuzura wenyine. , amazi ntashobora gupimwa neza.
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Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Birashobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; iyo ibirimo ifu yubutaka ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato; Igipimo cyoroshye cyane, kandi itsinda rya HPMC rifite dosiye nyinshi kuri 9% rifite ibibanza byapfuye, kandi amazi yabuze.
Ibiri muri selulose ether na silika fume nabyo nibintu bigaragara cyane bigira ingaruka kumazi ya minisiteri. Ingaruka ya HPMC biragaragara ko iruta iya CMC. Ibindi bivanze birashobora kunoza igihombo cyamazi mugihe.
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Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na HPMC (viscosity 150.000) hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Birashobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; mugihe ibirimo ifu ya minerval ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato: umwotsi wa silika uracyafite akamaro kanini mugukemura ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso, mugihe Fluidity ningaruka zikomeye, ariko ntigikora neza kuruta ingaruka zayo mumasuku asukuye .
Umubare munini wibibanza byapfuye byagaragaye munsi yibintu byinshi bya selile ya selulose (cyane cyane kumeza yamasaha yigice cyamazi), byerekana ko HPMC igira uruhare runini mukugabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri, nifu ya minerval hamwe n ivu ryisazi bishobora kunoza igihombo y'amazi mugihe runaka.
3.5 Umutwe Incamake
1. Kugereranya byimazeyo ikizamini cya fluidity ya sima ya sima ivanze na ether eshatu za selile, urashobora kubona ko
1. CMC ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no guhumeka ikirere, gufata amazi make, no gutakaza bimwe mugihe.
2. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya HPMC iragaragara, kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye kuri leta, kandi amazi agenda agabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo. Ifite ingaruka runaka yo kwinjiza umwuka, kandi kubyimbye biragaragara. 15% bizatera ibibyimba binini muri slurry, byanze bikunze byangiza imbaraga. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye rya HPMC, gutakaza igihe biterwa no gutemba kwamazi byiyongereyeho gato, ariko ntibigaragara.
2.
1. CMC ntigira ingaruka nke mugucunga amaraso, kandi igira ingaruka nke mukugabanya amazi; ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC burashobora kongera ubwiza bwikigina no kugabanya amazi neza, kandi nubwinshi bwubwiza bwinshi bugira ingaruka zigaragara.
2. Mubivanze, ivu ryisazi rifite urwego runaka rwo gutera imbere kumazi yambere nigice cyisaha cyamazi meza, kandi ibirimo 30% birashobora kwiyongera kuri 30mm; Ingaruka yifu ya minerval kumazi ya slurry isukuye ntigisanzwe; silicon Nubwo ibirimo ivu ari bike, idasanzwe ya ultra-finine, reaction yihuse, hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma bigabanya cyane amazi ya slurry, cyane cyane iyo 0.15% HPMC yongeyeho, hazabaho ibishishwa bya cone bidashobora kuzuzwa. Ikintu.
3. Mu kugenzura amaraso, isazi yisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara, kandi umwotsi wa silika urashobora kugabanya umubare wamaraso.
4. Kubijyanye no gutakaza igice cyamasaha yo gutakaza amazi, igihombo cyo gutakaza ivu ryisazi ni gito, kandi agaciro k'igihombo cyitsinda ririmo umwotsi wa silika ni kinini.
5.Mu buryo butandukanye bwibirimo, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya slurry, ibirimo HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, byaba kugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura uko ibintu bitemba, ni ugereranije. Ingaruka yifu yifu nifu yifu ni iyakabiri, kandi igira uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
3. Kugereranya byimazeyo ikizamini cyamazi ya sima ya sima ivanze na ether eshatu za selile, urashobora kubona ko
1. Nyuma yo kongeramo ethers eshatu za selile, ibintu byo kuva amaraso byavanyweho neza, kandi amazi ya minisiteri yagabanutse muri rusange. Kubyimba bimwe, ingaruka zo gufata amazi. CMC ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no guhumeka ikirere, gufata amazi make, no gutakaza bimwe mugihe.
2. Nyuma yo kongeramo CMC, gutakaza amazi ya minisiteri mugihe cyiyongera, bishobora kuba biterwa nuko CMC ari ionic selulose ether, byoroshye gukora imvura hamwe na Ca2 + muri sima.
3. Kugereranya ether eshatu za selile yerekana ko CMC itagira ingaruka nke kumazi, kandi ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC bugabanya cyane amazi ya minisiteri yibiri muri 1/1000, naho iyifite ububobere buke ni bwinshi cyane biragaragara.
4. guhubuka kandi ntishobora kurengerwa.
5. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya HPMC iragaragara, igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yuruvange, kandi amazi agabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, kandi kubyimbye biragaragara.
4. Gereranya muri rusange ikizamini cyamazi yimyunyu-ngugu myinshi ya binary cementité ivanze na selile eshatu za selile.
Nkuko bigaragara:
1. CMC ntigira ingaruka nke mugucunga amaraso, kandi igira ingaruka nke mukugabanya amazi; ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC burashobora kongera ubwiza bwa minisiteri no kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, naho iyifite ububobere buke ifite ingaruka zigaragara.
2.Mu bivangavanze, ivu ryisazi rifite urwego runaka rwo gutera imbere kumazi ya mbere nigice cyamazi yisukuye; Ingaruka yifu ya slag kumazi ya flux isukuye ntisanzwe igaragara; nubwo ibirimo umwotsi wa silika ari muke, idasanzwe idasanzwe-nziza, reaction yihuse hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanuka kumazi ya slurry. Ariko, ugereranije nibisubizo byikizamini cya paste yuzuye, usanga ingaruka zivanze zikunda gucika intege.
3. Mu kugenzura amaraso, isazi yisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara, kandi umwotsi wa silika urashobora kugabanya umubare wamaraso.
4. Muburyo butandukanye bwurwego rwa dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya minisiteri, dosiye ya HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, niba ari ukugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, nibyinshi ikigaragara, fume ya silika 9% Iyo ibiri muri HPMC ari 0.15%, biroroshye gutera ifumbire yuzuye kuzuza bigoye kuzuza, kandi ingaruka zindi zivanze ni izakabiri kandi zifite uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
5. Hazabaho ibibyimba hejuru ya minisiteri ifite amazi arenga 250mm, ariko itsinda ryambaye ubusa ridafite selile ya selile muri rusange ntirigira ibibyimba cyangwa umubare muto cyane wibibyimba, byerekana ko ether ya selile ifite umwuka runaka winjiza umwuka. Ingaruka kandi ituma ubunebwe bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubukonje bukabije bwa minisiteri ifite amazi mabi, biragoye ko imyuka yo mu kirere ireremba bitewe ningaruka zo kwikorera uburemere bwa slurry, ariko ikagumana muri minisiteri, kandi ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga ntizishobora. birengagijwe.
Igice cya 4 Ingaruka za Ethers ya Cellulose kumiterere ya Mortarike ya Mortar
Igice cyabanjirije cyize ku ngaruka zo gukoresha ikoreshwa rya selile ether hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu itandukanye ku mazi y’amazi meza kandi yuzuye ya minisiteri. Iki gice kirasesengura cyane cyane ikoreshwa rya selile ya ether hamwe nibindi bitandukanye bivangwa na minisiteri ndende kandi ningaruka zimbaraga zo guhonyora no guhinduranya imbaraga za minisiteri ihuza, hamwe nisano iri hagati yimbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri ihuza na selireose ether na minerval. ibivanze nabyo byavuzwe muri make kandi birasesengurwa.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mikorere ikora ya selulose ether ku bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima ya paste na minisiteri mu gice cya 3, mu rwego rwo gupima imbaraga, ibikubiye muri selile ya selile ni 0.1%.
4.1 Kwipimisha imbaraga no guhindagurika imbaraga za minisiteri yo hejuru
Hakozwe iperereza ku mbaraga zo guhonyora no guhuza imbaraga z’imyunyu ngugu na selile ya selile muri minisiteri y’amazi menshi.
4.1
Ingaruka zubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile kubintu byo kwikuramo no guhindagurika byimiterere ya sima isukuye ishingiye kumasemburo maremare kumyaka itandukanye kubintu byagenwe bya 0.1% byakorewe hano.
Isesengura ryimbaraga zambere: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika, CMC igira ingaruka zikomeye, mugihe HPMC ifite ingaruka zigabanya; mubijyanye nimbaraga zo guhonyora, kwinjiza selulose ether bifite amategeko asa nimbaraga zoroshye; ubwiza bwa HPMC bugira ingaruka kumbaraga zombi. Nta ngaruka nini: ukurikije igipimo cyumuvuduko wikubye, ether zose uko ari eshatu za selile zirashobora kugabanya neza igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo no kongera ubworoherane bwa minisiteri. Muri byo, HPMC ifite viscosity ya 150.000 ifite ingaruka zigaragara cyane.
(2) Ibisubizo by'iminsi irindwi yo kugereranya ibisubizo
Isesengura ryiminsi irindwi: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika nimbaraga zo kwikuramo, hariho amategeko asa nimbaraga ziminsi itatu. Ugereranije niminsi itatu yikubye-igitutu, hariho kwiyongera gake mumbaraga zogukomera. Ariko, kugereranya amakuru yigihe kimwe birashobora kubona ingaruka za HPMC mukugabanya igipimo cyikubye. ugereranije.
(3) Iminsi makumyabiri n'umunani imbaraga zo kugereranya ibisubizo
Isesengura ryiminsi makumyabiri n'umunani: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika nimbaraga zo kwikuramo, hariho amategeko asa nimbaraga ziminsi itatu. Imbaraga zihindagurika ziyongera buhoro, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo ziracyiyongera kurwego runaka. Kugereranya amakuru mugihe cyimyaka imwe yerekana ko HPMC igira ingaruka zigaragara mugutezimbere igipimo cyo kwikuramo.
Ukurikije ikizamini cyimbaraga ziki gice, usanga ko iterambere ryubugingo bwa minisiteri rigarukira kuri CMC, kandi rimwe na rimwe igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro ziyongera, bigatuma minisiteri irushaho gucika. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ari rusange muri rusange kuruta iya HPMC, selile ya selile twasuzumye kugirango igerageze imbaraga hano ni HPMC yibibabi bibiri. Nubwo HPMC igira ingaruka runaka mukugabanya imbaraga (cyane cyane kubububasha bwambere), nibyiza kugabanya igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka, bifitiye akamaro ubukana bwa minisiteri. Byongeye kandi, ufatanije nibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi mugice cya 3, mukwiga guhuza ibivangwa hamwe na CE Mugupima ingaruka, tuzakoresha HPMC (100.000) nka CE ihuye na CE.
4.1
Ukurikije ikizamini cy’amazi meza ya slurry na minisiteri ivanze n’ibivanze mu gice kibanziriza iki, birashobora kugaragara ko amazi y’umwotsi wa silika bigaragara ko yangiritse bitewe n’amazi menshi akenewe, nubwo bishobora guteza imbere ubwinshi nimbaraga kuri urugero runaka. . Muri icyo gihe, kubera kubura skeleton igabanuka ryikusanyirizo rito, igabanuka ryagaciro rya minisiteri ni nini ugereranije na beto. Kuri minisiteri (cyane cyane minisiteri idasanzwe nko guhuza minisiteri no guhomesha minisiteri), ingaruka mbi cyane ni ukugabanuka. Kubice byatewe no gutakaza amazi, imbaraga ntabwo arikintu gikomeye cyane. Kubwibyo, umwotsi wa silika wajugunywe nkuwivanze, kandi ivu ryisazi nifu yifu byonyine byakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka ziterwa na selile na ether ya selile.
4.1.2
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hakoreshejwe igipimo cya minisiteri muri 4.1.1, kandi ibiri muri selile ya selile yashyizwe kuri 0.1% kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Urwego rwa dosiye yikizamini ni 0%, 10%, 20% na 30%.
4.1.2.2
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubigeragezo byimbaraga zo kugerageza ko imbaraga za 3d zo kwikuramo nyuma yo kongeramo HPMC ari nka 5 / VIPa munsi ugereranije niyitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Muri rusange, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga ryongeweho, imbaraga zo kwikuramo zerekana kugabanuka. . Kubijyanye no kuvanga, imbaraga zitsinda ryifu ya minerval idafite HPMC ninziza, mugihe imbaraga zitsinda ryivu ryisazi riri munsi gato ugereranije nitsinda ryifu ya minerval, byerekana ko ifu yubutare idakora nka sima, no kuyishyiramo bizagabanya gato imbaraga za kare za sisitemu. Isazi yisazi hamwe nibikorwa bibi bigabanya imbaraga cyane. Impamvu yisesengura igomba kuba nuko ivu ryisazi rigira uruhare runini mumazi ya kabiri ya sima, kandi ntirigire uruhare runini mumbaraga za minisiteri.
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubigeragezo byimbaraga zipima ko HPMC igifite ingaruka mbi kumbaraga zinyuranye, ariko mugihe ibikubiye mubyongeweho ari byinshi, ibintu byo kugabanya imbaraga zumubiri ntibikigaragara. Impamvu irashobora kuba ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC. Igipimo cyo gutakaza amazi hejuru yikibanza cyo gupima minisiteri kigenda gahoro, kandi amazi yo kuhira arahagije.
Kubyerekeranye nuruvange, imbaraga za flexural zerekana inzira igenda igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bivangwa, kandi imbaraga za flexural zitsinda ryifu ya minerval nazo nini cyane ugereranije nitsinda ryivu ryisazi, byerekana ko ibikorwa byifu ya minerval ari iruta iry'isazi.
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku giciro cyabazwe cyo kugereranya-kugabanya ko kwiyongera kwa HPMC bizagabanya neza igipimo cyo kwikuramo no kunoza imiterere ya minisiteri, ariko mubyukuri biterwa no kugabanuka gukabije kwingufu zo kwikuramo.
Kubyerekeranye nuruvange, uko ubwinshi bwimvange bwiyongera, igipimo cyo kwikuramo-inshuro gikunda kwiyongera, byerekana ko kuvanga bitajyanye nubworoherane bwa minisiteri. Mubyongeyeho, urashobora kuboneka ko igipimo cyo guhunika-inshuro ya minisiteri idafite HPMC yiyongera hiyongereyeho imvange. Ubwiyongere ni bunini gato, ni ukuvuga, HPMC irashobora kunoza kwinjiza minisiteri yatewe no kongeramo imvange kurwego runaka.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kubwimbaraga zo kwikuramo 7d, ingaruka mbi zivanze ntizigaragara. Imbaraga zo guhonyora indangagaciro zirasa hafi kuri buri rwego rwimvange, kandi HPMC iracyafite imbogamizi zigaragara kumbaraga zo kwikuramo. Ingaruka.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kubijyanye nimbaraga zoguhindagurika, kuvanga bigira ingaruka mbi kuri 7d flexural resistance muri rusange, kandi itsinda ryifu ya minerval yonyine ryakoze neza, ahanini rikomeza kuri 11-12MPa.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kuvanga bigira ingaruka mbi mubijyanye nigipimo cyerekana. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga, igipimo cya indentation kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, ni ukuvuga ko minisiteri yoroheje. HPMC irashobora kugabanya igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro kandi igateza imbere uburinganire bwa minisiteri.
Birashobora kugaragara ko guhera 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo, kuvanga byagize ingaruka zigaragara zingirakamaro kumbaraga zanyuma, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo ziyongereyeho 3-5MPa, biterwa ahanini ningaruka zuzuza mikorobe zivanze nibintu bya pozzolanic. Ingaruka ya kabiri ya hydrata yibikoresho, kuruhande rumwe, irashobora gukoresha no gukoresha hydroxide ya calcium ikorwa na hydrata ya sima (calcium hydroxide nicyiciro cyoroshye muri minisiteri, kandi kuyikungahaza muri zone yinzibacyuho byangiza imbaraga), kubyara ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi byamazi, kurundi ruhande, biteza imbere hydrata ya sima kandi bigatuma minisiteri iba myinshi. HPMC iracyafite ingaruka mbi zingirakamaro ku mbaraga zo guhonyora, kandi imbaraga zigabanuka zirashobora kugera kuri 10MPa. Kugira ngo usesengure impamvu, HPMC itangiza umubare munini wimyuka ihumeka mugikorwa cyo kuvanga minisiteri, igabanya ubukana bwumubiri wa minisiteri. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu. HPMC yorohewe cyane hejuru yubutaka bukomeye kugirango ikore firime, ibuza inzira ya hydrata, kandi zone yinzibacyuho irakomeye, ntabwo ifasha imbaraga.
Birashobora kugaragara ko ukurikije imbaraga za 28d flexural strength, data ifite dispersion nini kuruta imbaraga zo kwikuramo, ariko ingaruka mbi za HPMC ziracyagaragara.
Birashobora kugaragara ko, duhereye ku kigereranyo cyo kugabanuka-kugabanuka, HPMC muri rusange ni ingirakamaro kugabanya igipimo cyo kugabanya-kugabanya no kunoza ubukana bwa minisiteri. Mu itsinda rimwe, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga, igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka cyiyongera. Isesengura ryimpamvu ryerekana ko ibivanze bifite iterambere rigaragara mumbaraga zogukomeretsa nyuma, ariko iterambere rike mumbaraga zahindutse nyuma, bikavamo igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka. gutera imbere.
4.2 Kwipimisha imbaraga no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe
Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka za ether ya selulose no kuvanga imbaraga zogukomeretsa no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ibikubiye muri selile ya selile HPMC (viscosity 100,000) nka 0,30% byuburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri. kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa.
Ibivangwa (ifu yisazi nifu ya slag) biracyageragezwa kuri 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.2.1 Gukomeretsa no guhuza imbaraga gahunda yo gupima minisiteri
4.2.2
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko bigaragara ko HPMC itameze neza ukurikije imbaraga za 28d zo kwikomeretsa za minisiteri ihuza, izatera imbaraga kugabanuka nka 5MPa, ariko ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri ntago ari imbaraga zo guhonyora, bityo biremewe; Iyo ibice bigize ibice ari 20%, imbaraga zo kwikuramo ni nziza.
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko ukurikije imbaraga zoroshye, kugabanya imbaraga zatewe na HPMC ntabwo ari nini. Birashoboka ko umubumbe uhuza ufite amazi mabi hamwe nibiranga plastike ugereranije na minisiteri yuzuye. Ingaruka nziza zo kunyerera no gufata amazi bikuraho neza zimwe mu ngaruka mbi zo kwinjiza gaze kugirango igabanye guhuza no kugabanuka kwimbere; ibivanze nta ngaruka zigaragara bigira ku mbaraga zoroshye, kandi amakuru yitsinda ryivu ihindagurika gato.
Birashobora kugaragara mubushakashatsi bwerekana ko, kubijyanye nigipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, muri rusange, kwiyongera kwibintu byongeweho byongera igipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba bidakwiriye gukomera kwa minisiteri; HPMC ifite ingaruka nziza, ishobora kugabanya igipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko wa O. 5 hejuru, twakagombye kwerekana ko, dukurikije "JG 149.2003 Ikwirakwizwa rya Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", muri rusange nta cyangombwa gisabwa ku kigereranyo cyo guhunika-kugabanura mubipimo byerekana ibimenyetso bya minisiteri ihuza, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ubukana bwa minisiteri yo guhomeka, kandi iki cyerekezo gikoreshwa gusa nk'icyerekezo cyo guhuza n'imiterere. minisiteri.
4.3 Guhuza Imbaraga Ikizamini cya Bonding Mortar
Kugirango ushakishe amategeko agenga ikoreshwa rya selile ya ether hamwe no kuvanga imbaraga zingirakamaro za minisiteri ihujwe, reba "JG / T3049.1998 Putty yo kubaka imbere" na "JG 149.2003 Yaguye Ubuyobozi bwa Polystirene Yagutse Yubatswe hanze yinkuta". Sisitemu ", twakoze ikizamini cyingufu zububiko bwa minisiteri yo guhuza, dukoresheje igipimo cya minisiteri ihuza imbonerahamwe ya 4.2.1, no gutunganya ibikubiye muri selile ya ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kugeza kuri 0 yuburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri .30% , kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa.
Ibivangwa (ifu yisazi nifu ya slag) biracyageragezwa kuri 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.3.1 Gahunda yo kugerageza imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri
4.3.2 Ibisubizo byikizamini nisesengura ryimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri
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Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko amatsinda yongeweho na HPMC arusha cyane itsinda ryambaye ubusa, byerekana ko HPMC ifitiye akamaro imbaraga zo guhuza, cyane cyane ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC zirinda amazi kumurongo uhuza hagati ya minisiteri na ikizamini cya sima. Guhuza minisiteri kuri interineti byuzuye neza, bityo bikongerera imbaraga imbaraga.
Kubijyanye no kuvanga, imbaraga zubusabane ziri hejuru cyane kuri dosiye ya 10%, kandi nubwo impamyabumenyi ya hydrata numuvuduko wa sima bishobora kunozwa kumupanga mwinshi, bizatuma igabanuka ryurwego rusange rwamazi ya sima ibikoresho, bityo bigatera gukomera. kugabanuka kwingufu.
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko kubijyanye nigiciro cyikizamini cyigihe cyibikorwa byimbaraga, amakuru arasobanutse neza, kandi kuvanga nta ngaruka nini bifite, ariko muri rusange, ugereranije nimbaraga zumwimerere, habaho kugabanuka runaka, kandi kugabanuka kwa HPMC ni ntoya kurenza iy'itsinda ryambaye ubusa, byerekana ko Hanzuwe ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC ari ingirakamaro mu kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi, ku buryo kugabanuka kwingufu za minisiteri bigabanuka nyuma ya 2.5h.
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Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko agaciro k'igeragezwa k'imbaraga zubusabane hagati ya minisiteri ihuza hamwe na polystirene ikozwe neza. Muri rusange, birashobora kugaragara ko itsinda rivanze na HPMC rikora neza kuruta itsinda ryambaye ubusa kubera gufata neza amazi. Nibyiza, kwinjizamo imvange bigabanya ituze ryikizamini cyimbaraga.
4.4 Umutwe Incamake
1. Kubintu byinshi byamazi ya minisiteri, hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyaka, igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro zigira icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka; kwishyiriraho HPMC bifite ingaruka zigaragara zo kugabanya imbaraga (kugabanuka kwingufu zo kwikuramo biragaragara cyane), ibyo bikaba binaganisha ku kugabanuka kwikigereranyo cyo kwikuramo, bivuze ko HPMC ifite ubufasha bugaragara mukuzamura ubukana bwa minisiteri. . Kubijyanye nimbaraga ziminsi itatu, isazi yifu nifu ya minerval birashobora gutanga umusanzu muke kumbaraga kuri 10%, mugihe imbaraga zigabanuka kumupanga mwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo guhonyora cyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyunyu ngugu; mumbaraga ziminsi irindwi, Ibivanze byombi nta ngaruka nini bigira ku mbaraga, ariko ingaruka rusange yo kugabanya imbaraga zivu zisazi ziracyagaragara; ukurikije imbaraga ziminsi 28, ibivanze byombi byagize uruhare mumbaraga, guhonyora no guhinduka. Byombi byariyongereyeho gato, ariko igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo cyiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo.
2. Kuri 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe, mugihe ibiyivanze ari 20%, imbaraga zo guhonyora no guhuza imbaraga nibyiza, kandi kuvanga biracyatuma habaho kwiyongera gake mubipimo byikubye inshuro, byerekana Ingaruka zabyo. Ingaruka ku gukomera kwa minisiteri; HPMC itera kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu, ariko irashobora kugabanya cyane igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro.
3. Kubireba imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri ihujwe, HPMC igira ingaruka nziza kumbaraga zubumwe. Isesengura rigomba kuba uko ingaruka zayo zo gufata amazi zigabanya gutakaza ubuhehere bwa minisiteri kandi bigatuma amazi menshi ahagije; Isano iri hagati yibirimo bivanze ntabwo isanzwe, kandi imikorere rusange ni nziza hamwe na sima ya sima mugihe ibirimo ari 10%.
Igice cya 5 Uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo Mortar na beto
Muri iki gice, harasabwa uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga zibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima bishingiye kubikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa hamwe na FERET imbaraga. Turabanza gutekereza kuri minisiteri nkubwoko bwihariye bwa beto idafite igiteranyo cyuzuye.
Birazwi neza ko imbaraga zo guhonyora ari ikimenyetso cyingenzi kubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima (beto na minisiteri) bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka. Ariko, kubera ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka, nta moderi yimibare ishobora guhanura neza ubukana bwayo. Ibi bitera kubangamira igishushanyo mbonera, gukora no gukoresha minisiteri na beto. Ingero zisanzwe zingufu zifatika zifite inyungu zazo nibibi: bamwe bahanura imbaraga za beto binyuze mubyiza bya beto duhereye kubitekerezo rusange byerekana ububi bwibikoresho bikomeye; bamwe bibanda ku ngaruka zumubano wamazi uhuza imbaraga. Uru rupapuro ruhuza cyane cyane coefficente yibikorwa ya pozzolanic ivanze nimbaraga za Feret, kandi ikagira ibyo ihindura kugirango irusheho kuba ukuri guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo.
5.1 Igitekerezo cyimbaraga za Feret
Muri 1892, Feret yashyizeho icyitegererezo cyambere cyimibare yo guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo. Hishimikijwe ibikoresho fatizo byatanzwe, formula yo guhanura imbaraga zifatika zisabwa kunshuro yambere.
Ibyiza by'iyi formula ni uko kwibanda kwa grout, bifitanye isano n'imbaraga zifatika, bifite ibisobanuro bifatika byumubiri. Muri icyo gihe, harebwa ingaruka ziterwa nibirere, kandi ukuri kwa formula kurashobora kugaragara kumubiri. Impamvu yiyi formula ni uko igaragaza amakuru ko hari imipaka yimbaraga zifatika zishobora kuboneka. Ingaruka ni uko yirengagiza ingaruka zingana zingana, imiterere yingingo nubwoko rusange. Iyo uhanuye imbaraga za beto kumyaka itandukanye muguhindura K agaciro, isano iri hagati yimbaraga zitandukanye nimyaka bigaragazwa nkurutonde rwo gutandukana binyuze mumihuzabikorwa. Gukata ntibihuye nibintu bifatika (cyane cyane iyo imyaka ari ndende). Birumvikana ko iyi formulaire yatanzwe na Feret yagenewe minisiteri ya 10.20MPa. Ntishobora guhuza neza nogutezimbere imbaraga zifatika zo guhonyora hamwe ningaruka zo kongera ibice bitewe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya beto.
Hano harebwa ko imbaraga za beto (cyane cyane kuri beto zisanzwe) ahanini ziterwa nimbaraga za minisiteri ya sima muri beto, kandi imbaraga za minima ya sima ziterwa nubucucike bwa paste ya sima, ni ukuvuga ijanisha ryijwi y'ibikoresho bya simaitima muri paste.
Igitekerezo gifitanye isano rya hafi ningaruka ziterwa nubusa ku mbaraga. Ariko, kubera ko igitekerezo cyashyizwe ahagaragara mbere, ntabwo harebwa uruhare rwibigize uruvange ku mbaraga zifatika. Urebye ibi, iyi mpapuro izamenyekanisha coeffisente yingirakamaro ishingiye kubikorwa byo gukosora igice. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe kuri iyi formulaire, coefficient de coiffe de positif ku mbaraga zifatika irubakwa.
5.2 Coefficient y'ibikorwa
Coefficient yibikorwa, Kp, ikoreshwa mugusobanura ingaruka zibikoresho bya pozzolanic ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo. Biragaragara, biterwa na miterere yibikoresho bya pozzolanic ubwayo, ariko kandi no kumyaka ya beto. Ihame ryo kumenya coefficient yibikorwa ni ukugereranya imbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri isanzwe nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa zindi minisiteri hamwe n’imvange ya pozzolanic no gusimbuza sima nubwiza bungana bwa sima (igihugu p nikizamini cya coefficient yibikorwa. Koresha surrogate ijanisha). Ikigereranyo cyizi mbaraga zombi cyitwa ibikorwa coefficient fO), aho t ni imyaka ya minisiteri mugihe cyo kwipimisha. Niba fO) iri munsi ya 1, ibikorwa bya pozzolan ntabwo biri munsi ya sima r. Ibinyuranye, niba fO) irenze 1, pozzolan ifite reaction nyinshi (ibi bikunze kubaho iyo fume ya silika yongeyeho).
Kubikorwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa byiminsi 28 yo kwikomeretsa, ukurikije ((GBT18046.2008 Ifu ya granulated blast itanura slag ifu ikoreshwa muri sima na beto) H90, coefficente yibikorwa bya feri yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi iri mubutaka bwa sima. byabonetse mugusimbuza sima 50% hashingiwe ku kizamini ukurikije ((GBT1596.2005 Ivu ryisazi rikoreshwa muri sima na beto), coefficente yibikorwa by ivu ryisazi iboneka nyuma yo gusimbuza sima 30% hashingiwe kubutaka busanzwe bwa sima; ikizamini Dukurikije "GB.T27690.2011 Fume ya Silica ya Mortar na beto", coefficente yibikorwa bya fume ya silika ni igipimo cyimbaraga zabonetse mugusimbuza sima 10% hashingiwe kubizamini bisanzwe bya sima.
Mubisanzwe, ifu yamenetse yamashanyarazi Kp = 0,95 ～ 1.10, isazi yisazi Kp = 0.7-1.05, fume ya silika Kp = 1.00 ～ 1.15. Dufata ko ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga zidashingiye kuri sima. Nukuvuga ko uburyo bwa reaction ya pozzolanic bugomba kugenzurwa nubushake bwa pozzolan, ntabwo bigengwa nigipimo cyimvura ya sima hydrata.
5.3 Ingaruka ya coefficient yo guhuza imbaraga
5.4 Ingaruka coefficient yo gukoresha amazi kumbaraga
5.5 Ingaruka ya coefficente yibintu byose hamwe
Dukurikije ibitekerezo by’abarimu PK Mehta na PC Aitcin muri Amerika, kugira ngo bagere ku mikorere myiza n’imbaraga za HPC icyarimwe, igipimo cy’imisemburo ya sima hamwe na hamwe kigomba kuba 35:65 [4810] Kuberako ya plastike rusange na fluidity Igiteranyo cya agregate ya beto ntabwo ihinduka cyane. Igihe cyose imbaraga zifatizo zifatizo ubwazo zujuje ibisabwa kugirango zisobanurwe, ingaruka ziterwa nigiteranyo cyimbaraga zose ntizirengagizwa, kandi igice rusange cyuzuye gishobora kugenwa muri 60-70% ukurikije ibisabwa bidatinze. .
Byizerwa mubyukuri ko igipimo cyibintu byiza hamwe nibintu byiza bizagira ingaruka runaka kumbaraga za beto. Nkuko twese tubizi, igice cyintege nke muri beto ni intera yinzibacyuho hagati ya agregate na sima nibindi bikoresho bya sima. Kubwibyo, kunanirwa kwanyuma kwa beto isanzwe biterwa no kwangirika kwambere kwimiterere yinzibacyuho ihangayikishijwe nimpamvu nkumutwaro cyangwa ihinduka ryubushyuhe. biterwa niterambere rihoraho ryimyanya. Kubwibyo, iyo urwego rwa hydration rusa, nini intera yimbere yinzibacyuho, niko byoroha gutangira kwambere gukura mugihe kirekire binyuze mumutwe nyuma yo guhangayika. Nukuvuga ko, uko igiteranyo cyinshi hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwa geometrike nubunzani bunini muri zone yinzibacyuho, niko amahirwe menshi yo guhangayikishwa cyane no guturika kwambere, kandi macroscopique yerekanaga ko imbaraga zifatika ziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi. Ikigereranyo. yagabanutse. Nyamara, ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru ni uko bisabwa kuba umucanga wo hagati urimo ibyondo bike cyane.
Igipimo cyumucanga nacyo kigira ingaruka runaka kumanuka. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyumucanga gishobora kugenwa nibisabwa kugabanuka, kandi birashobora kugenwa muri 32% kugeza 46% kuri beto isanzwe.
Ingano nubwinshi bwimvange hamwe namabuye y'agaciro bigenwa no kugerageza kuvanga. Muri beto isanzwe, ingano yimyunyu ngugu igomba kuba munsi ya 40%, mugihe muri beto ikomeye cyane, umwotsi wa silika ntugomba kurenga 10%. Umubare wa sima ntugomba kurenza 500kg / m3.
5.6 Gushyira mubikorwa ubu buryo bwo guhanura kuyobora kuyobora kugereranya kubara urugero
Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe ni ibi bikurikira:
Isima ni sima ya E042.5 yakozwe n’uruganda rwa sima rwa Lubi, Umujyi wa Laiwu, Intara ya Shandong, kandi ubucucike bwayo ni 3.19 / cm3;
Isazi yisazi nicyiciro cya kabiri cyumupira wakozwe na Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, naho coefficient yibikorwa ni O. 828, ubucucike bwayo ni 2.59 / cm3;
Umwotsi wa silika wakozwe na Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ufite coeffisiyoneri yibikorwa ya 1.10 n'ubucucike bwa 2.59 / cm3;
Umusenyi wumugezi wumye wa Taian ufite ubucucike bwa 2,6 g / cm3, ubwinshi bwa 1480kg / m3, hamwe na modulus nziza ya Mx = 2.8;
Jinan Ganggou itanga amabuye yumye 5 -25mm yumye hamwe nubucucike bwa 1500kg / m3 nubucucike bwa 2.7∥cm3;
Igikoresho cyo kugabanya amazi yakoreshejwe nikintu cyakozwe na alifatique yo mu rwego rwo hejuru igabanya amazi, ikagabanya amazi ya 20%; dosiye yihariye igenwa mubigeragezo ukurikije ibisabwa byo gusinzira. Gutegura igeragezwa rya C30 beto, gusinzira birasabwa kurenza 90mm.
1. Imbaraga zo gushiraho
2. Ubwiza bwumucanga
3. Kumenya Ibintu Byingaruka za buri Cyerekezo
4. Saba gukoresha amazi
5. Igipimo cyibikoresho bigabanya amazi byahinduwe ukurikije ibisabwa byo gusinzira. Igipimo ni 1%, na Ma = 4kg byongewe kumubare.
6. Muri ubu buryo, igipimo cyo kubara kiboneka
7. Nyuma yo kugerageza kuvanga, irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa. Imbaraga zapimwe 28d zo kwikuramo ni 39.32MPa, yujuje ibisabwa.
5.7 Umutwe Incamake
Ku bijyanye no kwirengagiza imikoranire y’imvange ya I na F, twaganiriye ku coeffisiyoneri yibikorwa hamwe nimbaraga za Feret, kandi twabonye imbaraga zimpamvu nyinshi ku mbaraga zifatika:
1 Ibikoresho bifatika bifatika
2 Ingaruka coefficient yo gukoresha amazi
3 Coefficient ya coefficient yibigize byose
Kugereranya nyabyo. Byaragenzuwe ko uburyo bwa 28d bwo guhanura imbaraga za beto zatejwe imbere na coefficient yibikorwa hamwe nimbaraga za Feret zihuye neza nukuri uko ibintu bimeze, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora itegurwa rya minisiteri na beto.
Igice cya 6 Umwanzuro hamwe nu bitekerezo
6.1 Imyanzuro nyamukuru
Igice cya mbere kigereranya byimazeyo igeragezwa ryamazi meza na minisiteri yimyunyu ngugu itandukanye ivanze nubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile, ugasanga amategeko yingenzi akurikira:
1. Cellulose ether ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no kwinjiza umwuka. Muri byo, CMC ifite ingaruka nke zo gufata amazi kuri dosiye nkeya, kandi ifite igihombo runaka mugihe; mugihe HPMC ifite amazi meza yo kugumana no kubyibuha, bigabanya cyane umuvuduko wamazi meza na minisiteri, kandi Ingaruka yibyuka bya HPMC hamwe nubwiza bwinshi bwizina iragaragara gato.
2.Mu byongeweho, amazi yambere nisaha nigice cyamazi yisazi yisazi kumashanyarazi asukuye hamwe na minisiteri yatejwe imbere kurwego runaka. Ibice 30% biri mubizamini bisukuye birashobora kwiyongera kuri 30mm; umuvuduko w'ifu ya minerval isukuye neza na minisiteri Nta tegeko rigaragara rifite imbaraga; nubwo ibirimo umwotsi wa silika ari muke, ultra-finine idasanzwe, reaction yihuse, hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanuka kumazi meza asukuye na minisiteri, cyane cyane iyo ivanze na 0.15 Iyo% HPMC, hazabaho a phenomenon ko cone ipfa ntishobora kuzuzwa. Ugereranije n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya slurry isukuye, usanga ingaruka zo kuvanga mukizamini cya minisiteri zikunda gucika intege. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura kuva amaraso, ivu ryisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara. Umwotsi wa Silica urashobora kugabanya cyane ubwinshi bwamaraso, ariko ntabwo bifasha kugabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri no gutakaza igihe, kandi biroroshye kugabanya igihe cyo gukora.
3. Muburyo butandukanye bwimpinduka za dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya sima ishingiye kuri sima, dosiye ya HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, haba mugucunga amaraso no kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, biragaragara. Ingaruka y ivu ryamakara nifu ya minerval ni ibya kabiri kandi bigira uruhare runini rwo guhindura.
. Ariko, mugihe ibikubiye muri HPMC bigeze hejuru ya 0.1%, bitewe nubukonje bwinshi bwibisebe, ibibyimba ntibishobora kuguma mubitotsi. kurengerwa. Hazabaho ibibyimba hejuru ya minisiteri ifite amazi ari hejuru ya 250ram, ariko itsinda ryambaye ubusa ridafite selile ya ether muri rusange ntirigira ibibyimba cyangwa umubare muto cyane wibibyimba, byerekana ko ether ya selile ifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zangiza ikirere kandi igakora ibicucu. viscous. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubukonje bukabije bwa minisiteri ifite amazi mabi, biragoye ko imyuka yo mu kirere ireremba bitewe ningaruka zo kwikorera uburemere bwa slurry, ariko ikagumana muri minisiteri, kandi ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga ntizishobora. birengagijwe.
Igice cya II Ibikoresho bya Mortar
1. Kumashanyarazi menshi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyaka, igipimo cyo guhonyora gifite icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka; kwiyongera kwa HPMC bifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya imbaraga (kugabanuka kwingufu zo kwikuramo biragaragara cyane), ibyo nabyo biganisha ku guhonyora Kugabanuka kwikigereranyo, ni ukuvuga, HPMC ifite ubufasha bugaragara mukuzamura ubukana bwa minisiteri. Kubijyanye nimbaraga ziminsi itatu, isazi yifu nifu ya minerval birashobora gutanga umusanzu muke kumbaraga kuri 10%, mugihe imbaraga zigabanuka kumupanga mwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo guhonyora cyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyunyu ngugu; mumbaraga ziminsi irindwi, Ibivanze byombi nta ngaruka nini bigira ku mbaraga, ariko ingaruka rusange yo kugabanya imbaraga zivu zisazi ziracyagaragara; ukurikije imbaraga ziminsi 28, ibivanze byombi byagize uruhare mumbaraga, guhonyora no guhinduka. Byombi byariyongereyeho gato, ariko igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo cyiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo.
2. Kubwimbaraga za 28d zo gukanda no guhindagurika kwa minisiteri ihujwe, mugihe ibiyivanze ari 20%, imbaraga zo guhonyora no guhindagurika nibyiza, kandi kuvanga biracyatuma habaho kwiyongera gake mubipimo byo kwikuramo inshuro, bikerekana Ingaruka kuri minisiteri. Ingaruka mbi zo gukomera; HPMC itera kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu.
3. Kubireba imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri ihujwe, HPMC igira ingaruka nziza kumbaraga zubumwe. Isesengura rigomba kuba uko ingaruka zayo zo gufata amazi zigabanya gutakaza amazi muri minisiteri kandi bigatuma amazi menshi ahagije. Imbaraga zubusabane zijyanye no kuvanga. Isano iri hagati ya dosiye ntabwo isanzwe, kandi imikorere rusange ni nziza hamwe na sima ya minima mugihe dosiye ari 10%.
4. mugihe HPMC ishobora kugabanya neza igabanuka ryikubye inshuro kandi igateza imbere ubukana bwa minisiteri, ariko biraterwa no kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu zo kwikuramo.
5. Amazi yuzuye nibisabwa imbaraga, HPMC ya 0.1% irakwiriye. Iyo ivu ryisazi rikoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yubaka cyangwa ikomezwa bisaba gukomera byihuse nimbaraga zambere, dosiye ntigomba kuba ndende cyane, kandi dosiye ntarengwa ni 10%. Ibisabwa; urebye ibintu nkubunini buke bwimyunyu ngugu na silika fume, bigomba kugenzurwa kuri 10% na n 3%. Ingaruka zivanga hamwe na selile ya etulire ntaho ihuriye cyane, hamwe
bigira ingaruka zigenga.
Igice cya gatatu Mugihe cyo kwirengagiza imikoranire hagati yimvange, binyuze mukuganira kubijyanye nigikorwa cyibikorwa byimyunyu ngugu hamwe nimbaraga za Feret, amategeko agenga ingaruka yibintu byinshi ku mbaraga za beto (minisiteri) arabonetse:
1. Coefficient yingirakamaro yimyunyu ngugu
2. Ingaruka zingirakamaro zo gukoresha amazi
3. Ingaruka zingirakamaro zo guhuriza hamwe
4. Kugereranya nyirizina byerekana ko uburyo bwa 28d bwo guhanura imbaraga za beto zatejwe imbere na coefficient yibikorwa hamwe na Feret imbaraga zingirakamaro zihuye neza nukuri uko ibintu bimeze, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora itegurwa rya minisiteri na beto.
6.2 Ibibuze n'ibiteganijwe
Uru rupapuro rwiga cyane cyane ibintu byamazi hamwe nubukanishi bwa paste isukuye na minisiteri ya binary cimentité sisitemu. Ingaruka ningaruka byibikorwa bihuriweho nibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima bigomba gukomeza kwigwa. Muburyo bwikizamini, guhora kwa minisiteri no gutondeka birashobora gukoreshwa. Ingaruka ya selulose ether kumurongo no kugumana amazi ya minisiteri yizwe nurwego rwa selile. Byongeye kandi, microstructure ya minisiteri munsi yibikorwa bya selile ya ether na minerval minerval nayo igomba kwigwa.
Cellulose ether ubu nimwe mubintu byingirakamaro byingirakamaro bya minisiteri zitandukanye. Ingaruka nziza yo gufata amazi yongerera igihe cyo gukora cya minisiteri, bigatuma minisiteri igira thixotropy nziza, kandi ikanakomera ubukana bwa minisiteri. Nibyoroshye kubaka; hamwe no gukoresha ivu ryifu nifu yifu nkimyanda yinganda muri minisiteri nayo ishobora guteza inyungu zikomeye mubukungu nibidukikije
Igice cya 1 Intangiriro
1.1 ibicuruzwa
1.1.1 Kwinjiza minisiteri yubucuruzi
Mu gihugu cy’inganda zubaka ibikoresho, beto yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubucuruzi, kandi n’ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri nabwo buragenda bwiyongera, cyane cyane kuri minisiteri zitandukanye zidasanzwe, inganda zifite ubushobozi buhanitse busabwa kugira ngo minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byujuje ibisabwa. Ubucuruzi bwa minisiteri yubucuruzi igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: minisiteri yiteguye kuvangwa na minisiteri yumye. Amabuye avanze yiteguye bivuze ko minisiteri ijyanwa ahazubakwa nyuma yo kuvangwa n’amazi nuwabitanze hakiri kare hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’umushinga, mu gihe minisiteri ivanze yumye ikorwa n’uruganda rwa minisiteri mu kuvanga byumye no gupakira ibikoresho bya sima, igiteranyo ninyongera ukurikije igipimo runaka. Ongeramo umubare munini wamazi ahazubakwa hanyuma ubivange mbere yo gukoresha.
Gakondo ya minisiteri ifite intege nke nyinshi mukoresha no gukora. Kurugero, gutondekanya ibikoresho fatizo no kuvanga ahantu ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byubatswe byubatswe no kurengera ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, kubera imiterere yubwubatsi hamwe nizindi mpamvu, biroroshye gukora ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri bigoye kubyemeza, kandi ntibishoboka kubona imikorere ihanitse. minisiteri. Ugereranije na gakondo ya minisiteri, minisiteri yubucuruzi ifite ibyiza bigaragara. Mbere ya byose, ubuziranenge bwayo bworoshye kugenzura no kwemeza, imikorere yayo irarenze, ubwoko bwayo bunonosoye, kandi nibyiza cyane kubisabwa mubuhanga. Iburayi byumye bivanze n’iburayi byakozwe mu myaka ya za 1950, kandi igihugu cyanjye nacyo gishyigikira cyane ikoreshwa rya minisiteri y’ubucuruzi. Shanghai yamaze gukoresha minisiteri y’ubucuruzi mu 2004. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu gihugu cy’imijyi, byibuze ku isoko ry’imijyi, byanze bikunze ko minisiteri y’ubucuruzi ifite inyungu zitandukanye zizasimbuza minisiteri gakondo.
1.1.2Ibibazo biriho muri minisiteri yubucuruzi
Nubwo minisiteri yubucuruzi ifite ibyiza byinshi kurenza minisiteri gakondo, haracyari ingorane nyinshi za tekiniki nka minisiteri. Amashanyarazi menshi, nka minisiteri yongerera imbaraga, ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima, nibindi, bifite byinshi bisabwa cyane kumbaraga no mumikorere yakazi, kubwibyo gukoresha superplasticizers ni nini, bizatera amaraso menshi kandi bigira ingaruka kuri minisiteri. Imikorere yuzuye; no kuri minisiteri imwe ya pulasitike, kubera ko yunvikana cyane no kubura amazi, biroroshye kugira igabanuka rikabije ryimikorere bitewe no gutakaza amazi mugihe gito nyuma yo kuvanga, kandi igihe cyo gukora ni gito cyane: Byongeye , Kuri Kubijyanye no guhuza minisiteri, matrix yo guhuza akenshi iba yumye. Mugihe cyubwubatsi, kubera ubushobozi budahagije bwa minisiteri yo kugumana amazi, amazi menshi azakirwa na matrise, bikaviramo kubura amazi yaho ya minisiteri ihuza hamwe n’amazi adahagije. Ikintu imbaraga zigabanuka kandi imbaraga zifatika zigabanuka.
Mu gusubiza ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, inyongera yingenzi, selile ether, ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri. Nubwoko bwa selile ya selile, ether ya selile ifitanye isano namazi, kandi iyi compound polymer ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza amazi nubushobozi bwo gufata amazi, bushobora gukemura neza amaraso ya minisiteri, igihe gito cyo gukora, gukomera, nibindi. ibibazo.
Byongeye kandi, ibivanze nkibisimbuza igice cya sima, nka ivu ryisazi, ifu ya granile itanura ifu ya slag (ifu yubutaka), umwotsi wa silika, nibindi, ubu nibyingenzi. Turabizi ko ibyinshi bivangwa nibicuruzwa byinganda nkingufu zamashanyarazi, gushonga ibyuma, gushonga ferrosilicon na silicon yinganda. Niba bidashobora gukoreshwa neza, kwegeranya ibivanze bizatwara kandi bisenye ubutaka bwinshi kandi byangiza bikomeye. kwanduza ibidukikije. Kurundi ruhande, niba ibivanze bikoreshejwe neza, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya beto na minisiteri birashobora kunozwa, kandi ibibazo bimwe byubwubatsi mugukoresha beto na minisiteri birashobora gukemurwa neza. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwagutse bwimvange ni ingirakamaro kubidukikije n'inganda. ni ingirakamaro.
1.2Ether
Cellulose ether (selulose ether) ni polymer igizwe na ether imiterere ikorwa na etherification ya selile. Buri mpeta ya glucosyl muri macromolecules ya selile irimo amatsinda atatu ya hydroxyl, itsinda ryibanze rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya karubone ya gatandatu, itsinda rya kabiri rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya kabiri na gatatu ya karubone, na hydrogène mu itsinda rya hydroxyl isimburwa nitsinda rya hydrocarubone kugirango itange selile ya selile. inkomoko. ikintu. Cellulose ni polyhydroxy polymer ivanze idashobora gushonga cyangwa gushonga, ariko selile irashobora gushonga mumazi, ikanagura umuti wa alkali hamwe na solge organic nyuma ya etherification, kandi ifite thermoplastique runaka.
Ether ya selile ifata selile isanzwe nkibikoresho fatizo kandi byateguwe no guhindura imiti. Yashyizwe mu byiciro bibiri: ionic na non-ionic muburyo bwa ionized. Ikoreshwa cyane mu miti, peteroli, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ububumbyi n’inganda. .
1.2.1Itondekanya rya selile ya selile yo kubaka
Cellulose ether yo kubaka nijambo rusange ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa byakozwe nigisubizo cya alkali selulose hamwe na etherifying agent mubihe bimwe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa selile ethers irashobora kuboneka mugusimbuza alkali selile hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya etherifying.
1. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionisation yibisimburwa, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ionic (nka carboxymethyl selulose) na non-ionic (nka methyl selulose).
2. Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ether imwe (nka methyl selulose) na ethers ivanze (nka hydroxypropyl methyl selulose).
3. Ukurikije ibisubizo bitandukanye, bigabanijemo gushonga amazi (nka hydroxyethyl selulose) hamwe no gukama ibinyabuzima (nka Ethyl selulose), nibindi. -Seluble selulose Igabanyijemo ubwoko bwihuse kandi bwatinze guseswa nyuma yo kuvura hejuru.
1.2.2 Ibisobanuro byuburyo bwibikorwa bya selulose ether muri minisiteri
Cellulose ether ni urufunguzo rwingenzi rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze yumye, kandi nayo ni imwe mu mvange zingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ikiguzi cyibikoresho bya minisiteri yumye.
1. Nyuma ya selile ya selulose muri minisiteri imaze gushonga mumazi, igikorwa kidasanzwe cyubutaka cyemeza ko ibikoresho bya simaitima bigenda neza kandi bigakwirakwizwa muburyo bumwe, kandi ether ya selile, nka colloide ikingira, irashobora "gukingira" ibice bikomeye, Gutyo , firime isiga amavuta ikorwa hejuru yinyuma, kandi firime yo gusiga irashobora gutuma umubiri wa minisiteri ugira thixotropy nziza. Nukuvuga ko ingano ihagaze neza muburyo buhagaze, kandi ntihazabaho ibihe bibi nko kuva amaraso cyangwa gutondekanya urumuri nibintu biremereye, bigatuma sisitemu ya minisiteri ihagarara neza; mugihe mubyubatswe byubwubatsi, selile ether izagira uruhare mukugabanya kogosha. Ingaruka zo guhangana nimpinduka zituma minisiteri igira amazi meza kandi yoroshye mugihe cyo kubaka mugihe cyo kuvanga.
2. kandi igaha minisiteri gufata neza amazi no gukora.
1.2.3 Ibyiciro byinshi byingenzi byubwubatsi bwa selile ethers
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali, methyl chloride ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya etherifyinga kugirango ikore selile ya selile ikoresheje reaction. Impamyabumenyi rusange yo gusimbuza ni 1. Gushonga 2.0, urwego rwo gusimburana ruratandukanye kandi gukemura nabyo biratandukanye. Biri muri selireose itari ionic.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Itegurwa no kubyitwaramo na okiside ya Ethylene nkigikoresho cya etherifingi imbere ya acetone nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.5 kugeza 2.0. Ifite hydrophilicity ikomeye kandi byoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni selile ya selile itanga umusaruro nogukoresha byiyongera vuba mumyaka yashize. Ni selile idafite ionic ivanze na ether ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride nka etherifying, kandi binyuze mubisubizo. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.2 kugeza 2.0. Imiterere yacyo iratandukanye ukurikije igipimo cyibintu bya vitxyl hamwe na hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic selulose ether itegurwa kuva fibre karemano (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje sodium monochloroacetate nkumuti wa etherifying, kandi binyuze muburyo bwo kuvura. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 0.4 - d. 4. Imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo gusimburwa.
Muri byo, ubwoko bwa gatatu n'urwa kane ni ubwoko bubiri bwa selile ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi.
1.2.4 Iterambere ryiterambere rya Cellulose Ether Inganda
Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, isoko rya selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere ryarakuze cyane, kandi isoko mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere riracyari mubyiciro byiterambere, bizaba imbaraga nyamukuru ziterambere ryiterambere rya selile ya selireose ku isi mugihe kizaza. Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi rusange bw’umusaruro wa selulose ether urenga toni miliyoni, aho Uburayi bungana na 35% by’ibikoreshwa ku isi, bikurikirwa na Aziya na Amerika ya Ruguru. Carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC) nubwoko nyamukuru bwabaguzi, bingana na 56% yumubare wose, ugakurikirwa na methyl selulose ether (MC / HPMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC), bingana na 56% byuzuye. 25% na 12%. Inganda za selile zo mu mahanga zirarushanwa cyane. Nyuma yo kwishyira hamwe kwinshi, ibisohoka byibanda cyane mubigo byinshi binini, nka Dow Chemical Company na Hercules Company muri Amerika, Akzo Nobel mu Buholandi, Noviant muri Finlande na DAICEL mu Buyapani, nibindi.
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora kandi kigakoresha ikoreshwa rya selile ya selile, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kw’umwaka urenga 20%. Dukurikije imibare ibanza, mu Bushinwa hari inganda zigera kuri 50 za selile. Ubushobozi bwateganijwe bwo gukora inganda za selulose ether bwarenze toni 400.000, kandi hariho inganda zigera kuri 20 zifite ubushobozi bwa toni zirenga 10,000, cyane cyane i Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai n'ahandi. Muri 2011, Ubushinwa CMC bwabyaye umusaruro hafi toni 300.000. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukenewe kuri ethers nziza ya selile nziza muri farumasi, ibiryo, imiti ya buri munsi nizindi nganda mumyaka yashize, ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu kubindi bicuruzwa bya selile bitari CMC biriyongera. Kinini, ubushobozi bwa MC / HPMC ni toni 120.000, naho ubushobozi bwa HEC ni toni 20.000. PAC iracyari murwego rwo kuzamura no gusaba mubushinwa. Hamwe no guteza imbere imirima minini ya peteroli yo mu nyanja no guteza imbere ibikoresho byubaka, ibiribwa, imiti n’inganda n’inganda, ingano n’umurima wa PAC biriyongera kandi bigenda byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwa toni zirenga 10,000.
1.3Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Kubyerekeranye nubushakashatsi bukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa selulose ether mubikorwa byubwubatsi, intiti zo murugo n’amahanga zakoze umubare munini wubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi hamwe nisesengura ryuburyo.
1.3.1Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bw’amahanga ku ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal n'abandi mu Bufaransa bagaragaje ko ether ya selile igira uruhare runini mu kugumana amazi ya minisiteri, kandi ibipimo by'imiterere ni urufunguzo, kandi uburemere bwa molekile ni urufunguzo rwo kugenzura amazi no guhoraho. Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'uburemere bwa molekile, guhangayikishwa n'umusaruro bigabanuka, guhora kwiyongera, no gufata neza amazi; muburyo bunyuranye, impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza amara (ijyanye nibiri muri hydroxyethyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl) ntacyo ihindura ku kugumana amazi ya minisiteri ivanze. Nyamara, selile ya selile ifite dogere nkeya yo gusimbuza yatumye amazi agumana.
Umwanzuro wingenzi kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gufata amazi ni uko imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri ari ingenzi. Birashobora kugaragara mubisubizo byikizamini ko kuri minisiteri yumye-ivanze hamwe nigipimo cyamazi-sima ihamye hamwe nibirimo bivangwa, imikorere yo gufata amazi muri rusange ifite gahunda ihoraho nkuko ihoraho. Nyamara, kuri selile zimwe na zimwe, inzira ntabwo igaragara; mubyongeyeho, kuri krahisi ethers, hariho uburyo butandukanye. Ubukonje bwuruvange rushya ntabwo aribintu byonyine byerekana kugumana amazi.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, nabandi, babifashijwemo na pulsed field gradient hamwe na tekinike ya MRI, basanze kwimuka kwamazi kuri interineti ya minisiteri na substrate idahagije bigira ingaruka ku kongeramo umubare muto wa CE. Gutakaza amazi biterwa nigikorwa cya capillary aho gukwirakwiza amazi. Kwimuka kwubushuhe kubikorwa bya capillary bigengwa nigitutu cya micropore ya substrate, nayo igenwa nubunini bwa micropore hamwe na Laplace teorie intera intera interineti, hamwe nubwiza bwamazi. Ibi byerekana ko imiterere ya rheologiya yumuti wamazi ari urufunguzo rwo gufata amazi. Nyamara, iyi hypothesis ivuguruza bimwe mubyumvikanyweho (izindi tackifiers nka oxydeire ya polyethylene oxyde na ethers ya krahisi ntabwo ikora neza nka CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin n'abandi. yakoresheje selulose ether ikoresheje ubushakashatsi, kandi ibisubizo byayo 2% byavuye kuri 5000 kugeza 44500mpa. S kuva kuri MC na HEMC. Shakisha:
1. Ku mubare uteganijwe wa CE, ubwoko bwa CE bugira uruhare runini mubwiza bwa minisiteri ifata amabati. Ibi biterwa no guhatana hagati ya CE nifu ya polymer itatanye kugirango adsorption yibice bya sima.
2. Kurushanwa kwa adsorption ya CE hamwe nifu ya reberi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mugihe cyo kugena no kugabanuka mugihe igihe cyo kubaka ari 20-30min.
3. Imbaraga zubusabane ziterwa no guhuza CE hamwe nifu ya rubber. Iyo firime ya CE idashobora gukumira ihindagurika ryamazi imbere ya tile na minisiteri, gufatira munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru biragabanuka.
4. Guhuza no gukorana kwa CE hamwe nifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe hateguwe igipimo cya minisiteri ifata amabati.
LSchmitzC yo mu Budage. J. Dr. H (a) cker wavuze mu ngingo ko HPMC na HEMC muri selile ya selile bifite uruhare runini mu gufata amazi muri minisiteri ivanze. Usibye kwemeza igipimo cyiza cyo gufata amazi ya selile ya selile, birasabwa gukoresha ethers ya Cellulose yahinduwe ikoreshwa mugutezimbere no kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri hamwe nubutaka bwa minisiteri yumye kandi ikomeye.
1.3.2Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwo murugo kubyerekeye ikoreshwa rya selile ether kuri minisiteri
Xin Quanchang wo muri kaminuza ya Xi'an y’Ubwubatsi n’ikoranabuhanga yize ku ngaruka za polymers zitandukanye ku bintu bimwe na bimwe byo guhuza amabuye ya minisiteri, maze asanga gukoresha hamwe ifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa hamwe na hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether idashobora gusa kunoza imikorere y’imisemburo, irashobora kandi Igice c'igiciro kiragabanuka; ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko iyo ibirimo ifu ya redxersible latex igenzurwa kuri 0.5%, naho ibiri muri hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether bigenzurwa kuri 0.2%, minisiteri yateguwe irwanya kunama. n'imbaraga zo guhuza biragaragara cyane, kandi bifite imiterere ihindagurika na plastike.
Porofeseri Ma Baoguo wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yerekanye ko ether ya selile ifite ingaruka zigaragara zo kudindiza, kandi ko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi ndetse n’imiterere y’imyanda ya sima; selulose ether yamamaye cyane hejuru yubutaka bwa sima kugirango bigire ingaruka zimwe. Irabuza nucleation no gukura kwibicuruzwa bitanga amazi; kurundi ruhande, selile ether ibuza kwimuka no gukwirakwizwa kwa ion bitewe ningaruka zayo zigaragara ziyongera, bityo bikadindiza hydrata ya sima kurwego runaka; selulose ether ifite alkali ituje.
Jian Shouwei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yanzuye avuga ko uruhare rwa CE muri minisiteri rugaragarira cyane cyane mu bintu bitatu: ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata amazi, ingaruka ku miterere ya minisiteri na thixotropy, no guhindura imvugo. CE ntabwo itanga minisiteri yimikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo inagabanya kugabanya ubushyuhe bwambere bwa hydrata ya sima no gutinza inzira ya hydration kinetic ya sima, byanze bikunze, ishingiye kumikoreshereze itandukanye ya minisiteri, hariho kandi itandukaniro muburyo bwo gusuzuma imikorere .
CE yahinduwe na minisiteri ikoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yoroheje muri minisiteri yumye ya buri munsi (nk'amatafari y'amatafari, putty, pompe ya pompe yoroheje, nibindi). Iyi miterere idasanzwe isanzwe iherekezwa no gutakaza amazi byihuse ya minisiteri. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibanze ku gufatira mu maso, kandi nta bushakashatsi buke ku bundi bwoko bwa minisiteri yoroheje ya CE yahinduwe.
Su Lei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan yabonye binyuze mu isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi ku kigero cyo gufata amazi, gutakaza amazi no kugena igihe cya minisiteri yahinduwe na selile ya ether. Umubare w'amazi ugabanuka gahoro gahoro, kandi igihe cyo guterana ni kirekire; iyo umubare w'amazi ugeze kuri O. Nyuma ya 6%, ihinduka ryikiguzi cyo gufata amazi no gutakaza amazi ntibikigaragara, kandi igihe cyo kugena cyikubye kabiri; nubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwimbaraga zayo zo kwikuramo bwerekana ko iyo ibirimo selile ya selile iri munsi ya 0.8%, ibiri muri selile ya selile biri munsi ya 0.8%. Kwiyongera bizagabanya cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo; naho kubijyanye nimikorere yo guhuza hamwe na sima ya minisiteri ya sima, O. Munsi ya 7% yibirimo, kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya ether birashobora kuzamura neza imbaraga zubusabane.
Lai Jianqing wo muri Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd yasesenguye asoza avuga ko urugero rwiza rwa selile ya ether iyo urebye igipimo cyo gufata amazi hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho ari 0 binyuze mu bizamini byerekeranye n’igipimo cyo gufata amazi, imbaraga n’ingufu za bond EPS ya minisiteri yumuriro. 2%; selulose ether ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo guhumeka ikirere, bizatera kugabanuka kwingufu, cyane cyane kugabanuka kwingufu zingirakamaro, bityo rero birasabwa kuyikoresha hamwe nifu ya polymer idasubirwaho.
Yuan Wei na Qin Min bo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ibikoresho byo mu Bushinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na selile ether muri beto ifuro. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko HPMC itezimbere imikorere yo gufata amazi ya beto nshya kandi ikagabanya igihombo cy’amazi ya beto ikomye; HPMC irashobora kugabanya igihombo cya beto nshya kandi ikagabanya ubukana bwimvange kubushyuhe. ; HPMC izagabanya cyane imbaraga zo kwikuramo beto. Mubihe bisanzwe byo gukira, umubare runaka wa HPMC urashobora kuzamura imbaraga zicyitegererezo kurwego runaka.
Li Yuhai wo muri Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. yerekanye ko ubwoko n’ingano yifu ya latex, ubwoko bwa selile ya selile ndetse n’ibidukikije bikiza bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kurwanya ingaruka ziterwa na pompe. Ingaruka za selile ya selile kumbaraga zingaruka nazo ntizihagije ugereranije nibirimo polymer nibihe byo gukiza.
Yin Qingli wo muri AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co, Ltd yakoresheje Bermocoll PADl, ikibaho cyihariye cya polystirene gihuza selulose ether, kugirango igerageze, ikaba ikwiriye cyane cyane guhuza minisiteri ya EPS yo hanze. Bermocoll PADl irashobora kunoza imbaraga zo guhuza ikibaho cya minisiteri na polystirene hiyongereyeho imirimo yose ya selile. Ndetse no mugihe cya dosiye nkeya, ntishobora kunoza gusa gufata neza amazi no gukora mumabuye mashya, ariko kandi irashobora kunoza cyane imbaraga zambere zo guhuza hamwe nimbaraga zidashobora guhuza amazi hagati ya minisiteri nubuyobozi bwa polystirene kubera inanga idasanzwe. ikoranabuhanga. . Ariko, ntishobora kunoza ingaruka ziterwa na minisiteri hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza ikibaho cya polystirene. Kunoza iyi miterere, ifu ya redispersible latex igomba gukoreshwa.
Wang Peiming wo muri kaminuza ya Tongji yasesenguye amateka y’iterambere rya minisiteri y’ubucuruzi maze agaragaza ko ifu ya selulose ether na puderi ya latex bigira ingaruka zitari nke ku bipimo ngenderwaho nko gufata amazi, imbaraga za flexural na compressive, hamwe na moderi ya elastike y’ubutaka bwumye.
Zhang Lin n'abandi bo muri Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. banzuye ko, muri minisiteri yo guhuza ikibaho cyagutse cya polystirene yagutse yoroheje yometse ku rukuta rwo hanze hanze ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe (ni ukuvuga sisitemu ya Eqos), birasabwa ko amafaranga meza ifu ya rubber iba 2,5% niyo ntarengwa; ubukonje buke, selile yahinduwe cyane ether nubufasha bukomeye mugutezimbere imfashanyo yingirakamaro yingirakamaro ya minisiteri ikomeye.
Zhao Liqun wo muri Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. yerekanye muri iyo ngingo ko ether ya selulose ishobora guteza imbere cyane amazi ya minisiteri, kandi ikanagabanya cyane ubwinshi bwimbaraga nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, kandi bikongerera igihe igihe cya minisiteri. Mugihe kimwe, urugero rwa selulose ether hamwe nubwiza bwinshi ningirakamaro mugutezimbere igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri, ariko imbaraga zo kwikuramo zigabanuka cyane kandi igihe cyo kugena ni kirekire. Ifu yuzuye hamwe na selile ya ether ikuraho igabanuka rya plastike kumeneka ya minisiteri mugutezimbere amazi ya minisiteri.
Kaminuza ya Fuzhou Huang Lipin nabandi bize doping ya hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether na Ethylene. Imiterere yumubiri hamwe na morphologie yambukiranya ya sima yahinduwe ya vinyl acetate copolymer latex ifu. Byagaragaye ko ether ya selulose ifite amazi meza cyane, irwanya iyinjizwa ryamazi ningaruka zidasanzwe zo guhumeka ikirere, mugihe ibintu bigabanya amazi yifu ya latex hamwe no kunoza imiterere yubukorikori bwa minisiteri bigaragara cyane. Ingaruka zo guhindura; kandi hari dosiye ikwiye hagati ya polymers.
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, Chen Qian hamwe n’abandi bo muri Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. bagaragaje ko kongera igihe cyo gukurura no kongera umuvuduko ukabije bishobora gutanga uruhare runini ku ruhare rwa selile ya ether muri minisiteri ivanze, bitezimbere imikorere ya minisiteri, no kunoza igihe cyo gukurura. Umuvuduko muto cyane cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi bizatuma minisiteri igora kubaka; guhitamo selile nziza ya ether irashobora kandi kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri ivanze.
Li Sihan wo muri kaminuza ya Shenyang Jianzhu n'abandi basanze imvange y’amabuye y'agaciro ishobora kugabanya ihinduka ryumye rya minisiteri no kunoza imiterere y’ubukanishi; ikigereranyo cya lime n'umucanga kigira ingaruka kumiterere yubukanishi no kugabanuka kwa minisiteri; ifu ya polymer isubirwamo irashobora kunoza minisiteri. Kurwanya kumeneka, kunoza gukomera, imbaraga zoroshye, guhuriza hamwe, kurwanya ingaruka no kwambara, kunoza gufata neza no gukora; selulose ether ifite ingaruka zo guhumeka ikirere, zishobora kunoza amazi ya minisiteri; fibre yimbaho irashobora kunoza minisiteri Gutezimbere ubworoherane bwo gukoresha, gukora, no kurwanya kunyerera, no kwihutisha kubaka. Mugushyiramo ibintu bitandukanye kugirango bihindurwe, kandi binyuze mubipimo bifatika, minisiteri idashobora gukomeretsa ya rukuta yo hanze yububiko bwa sisitemu yumuriro hamwe nibikorwa byiza birashobora gutegurwa.
Yang Lei wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan yavanze HEMC muri minisiteri maze asanga ifite imirimo ibiri yo gufata amazi no kubyimba, ibyo bikaba bibuza beto iterwa n’umwuka guhita yinjira mu mazi ya pompe, kandi ikemeza ko sima iri muri minisiteri yuzuye neza, ikora minisiteri Ihuriro hamwe na beto ihumeka irakomeye kandi imbaraga zububiko ziri hejuru; irashobora kugabanya cyane gusibanganya minisiteri ya pompe ya beto ihumeka. Iyo HEMC yongerewe kuri minisiteri, imbaraga za flexural ya minisiteri yagabanutseho gato, mugihe imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa zagabanutse cyane, kandi igabanywa ryikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka ryerekanaga inzira yo kuzamuka, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa HEMC bishobora kunoza ubukana bwa minisiteri.
Li Yanling n'abandi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan basanze imiterere yubukanishi bwa minisiteri ihujwe yatejwe imbere ugereranije na minisiteri isanzwe, cyane cyane imbaraga z’imigozi ya minisiteri, igihe hiyongereyeho ibivanze (ibikubiye muri selile ya selile yari 0.15%). Ni inshuro 2,33 zubwa minisiteri isanzwe.
Ma Baoguo wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Wuhan hamwe n’abandi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziterwa na dosiye zitandukanye za emulioni ya styrene-acrylic, ifu ya polymer ikwirakwizwa, hamwe na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ku gukoresha amazi, imbaraga z’ubucuti no gukomera kwa minisiteri yoroheje. , wasanze iyo ibikubiye muri emulioni ya styrene-acrylic byari 4% kugeza kuri 6%, imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri zageze ku gaciro keza, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka cyari gito; ibikubiye muri selulose ether yiyongereye kuri O. Kuri 4%, imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri zigera ku kwiyuzuzamo, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka ni gito; iyo ibirimo ifu ya reberi ari 3%, imbaraga zo guhuza za minisiteri ninziza, kandi igipimo cyo guhunika-kugabanuka kigabanuka hiyongereyeho ifu ya rubber. icyerekezo.
Li Qiao n'abandi bo muri Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. bagaragaje muri iyi ngingo ko imikorere ya selulose ether muri sima ya sima ari ukubika amazi, kubyimba, kwinjiza ikirere, kudindiza no kuzamura imbaraga z’ubucuti, n'ibindi. Imikorere ijyanye Mugihe cyo gusuzuma no gutoranya MC, ibipimo bya MC bigomba kwitabwaho birimo viscosity, urwego rwo gusimbuza etherification, urwego rwo guhindura, ibicuruzwa bihamye, ibintu bifatika, ingano yibice nibindi bintu. Mugihe uhisemo MC mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya minisiteri, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ya MC ubwayo igomba gushyirwa imbere ukurikije ubwubatsi no gukoresha ibisabwa mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri, kandi ubwoko bwa MC bukwiye bugomba gutoranywa buhujwe nibigize ibipimo fatizo bya MC.
Qiu Yongxia wo muri Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. yasanze hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye rya ether selile, igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri cyiyongereye; ibyiza bya selile ya ether nziza, gufata neza amazi; Umubare munini wo gufata amazi ya selile ether; kugumana amazi ya selile ether bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwa minisiteri.
Zhang Bin wo muri kaminuza ya Tongji n'abandi bagaragaje muri iyo ngingo ko ibiranga imirimo ya minisiteri yahinduwe bifitanye isano rya bugufi no guteza imbere ubwiza bw’imitsi ya selile, ntabwo bivuze ko ether ya selile ifite ububobere buke bw'izina ifite ingaruka zigaragara ku mikorere, kuko ari zo nacyo cyatewe nubunini buke. , igipimo cyo guseswa nibindi bintu.
Zhou Xiao n'abandi bo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’umuco ndangamurage ndangamuco, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku murage ndangamuco w’Ubushinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi ku ruhare rw’inyongeramusaruro ebyiri, ifu ya polymer rubber na selulose ether, mu mbaraga z’ubucuti muri sisitemu ya minisiteri ya NHL (hydraulic lime), basanga ko byoroshye Bitewe no kugabanuka gukabije kwamazi ya hydraulic, ntishobora kubyara imbaraga zihagije hamwe namabuye yimbere. Umubare ukwiye wifu ya polymer reberi na selulose ether irashobora kuzamura neza imbaraga zihuza za minisiteri ya NHL kandi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa gushimangira umuco n’ibikoresho byo kurinda; mu rwego rwo gukumira Ifite ingaruka ku mazi yinjira no guhumeka ya minisiteri ya NHL ubwayo no guhuza ibisigisigi by’umuco wububiko. Muri icyo gihe, urebye imikorere yambere yo guhuza ibikorwa bya NHL mortar, umubare mwiza wongeyeho ifu ya polymer rubber iri munsi ya 0.5% kugeza kuri 1%, hamwe no kongeramo ether ya selile Amafaranga agenzurwa hafi 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan n'abandi bo mu kigo cya Beijing Institute of Material Material Science bakoze ibizamini bibiri bikozwe na rheologiya bashingiye ku gushyiraho imiterere ya rheologiya ya minisiteri nshya, banakora isesengura rishingiye ku miterere y’ubutaka busanzwe bwa masonry, guhomesha minisiteri no guhomesha ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu. Ipima ryarapimwe, kandi byagaragaye ko hydroxyethyl selulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether bifite agaciro keza ka viscosity yambere hamwe nigabanuka ryubwiza bwigihe hamwe nubwiyongere bwihuse, ibyo bikaba bishobora gukungahaza binder kubwoko bwiza bwo guhuza, thixotropy hamwe no kurwanya kunyerera.
Li Yanling wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Henan hamwe n’abandi basanze ko kongeramo ether ya selile muri minisiteri bishobora guteza imbere cyane imikorere y’amazi ya minisiteri, bityo bigatuma iterambere rya sima rigenda neza. Nubwo kongeramo ether ya selile bigabanya imbaraga zingirakamaro nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri, iracyongera igipimo cya flexural-compression hamwe nimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri kurwego runaka.
1.4Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ryimvange ya minisiteri murugo no mumahanga
Muri iki gihe inganda zubaka, umusaruro nogukoresha beto na minisiteri ni nini, kandi na sima nayo iriyongera. Umusaruro wa sima ningufu zikoreshwa cyane ninganda zangiza cyane. Kuzigama sima ningirakamaro cyane kugenzura ibiciro no kurengera ibidukikije. Nkigice gisimbuza igice cya sima, kuvanga amabuye y'agaciro ntibishobora gusa kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri na beto, ariko kandi birashobora no kuzigama sima nyinshi muburyo bwo gukoresha neza.
Mu nganda zubaka ibikoresho, ikoreshwa ryimvange ryagutse cyane. Ubwoko bwinshi bwa sima burimo byinshi cyangwa bike muburyo runaka bwimvange. Muri byo, sima isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane ya Portland yongeweho 5% mubikorwa. ~ 20%. Mubikorwa byo gukora inganda zinyuranye za minisiteri na beto, ikoreshwa ryimvange ni ryinshi.
Kugirango ushyire mubikorwa bya minisiteri, ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire kandi bunini bwakozwe mubihugu ndetse no mumahanga.
1.4.1Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwamahanga kubuvanganzo bukoreshwa kuri minisiteri
P. Kaminuza ya Californiya. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang n'abandi. basanze mugikorwa cya hydration yibikoresho bya gell, gel itabyimbye mubunini bungana, kandi imyunyu ngugu irashobora guhindura imiterere ya gel hydrated, ugasanga kubyimba kwa gele bifitanye isano na cations zingana muri gel . Umubare wa kopi werekanye isano ikomeye.
Kevin J. wo muri Amerika. Folliard na Makoto Ohta n'abandi. yerekanye ko kongeramo umwotsi wa silika hamwe n ivu ryumuceri kuri minisiteri bishobora kuzamura imbaraga zo kwikuramo, mugihe kongeramo ivu ryisazi bigabanya imbaraga, cyane cyane mugihe cyambere.
Philippe Lawrence na Martin Cyr bo mu Bufaransa basanze imyunyu ngugu itandukanye ishobora kuzamura imbaraga za minisiteri munsi ya dosiye ikwiye. Itandukaniro riri hagati yimyunyu ngugu itandukanye ntabwo igaragara mugihe cyambere cya hydration. Mugihe cyanyuma cya hydration, kwiyongera kwingufu byatewe nigikorwa cyo kuvanga amabuye y'agaciro, kandi kwiyongera kwimbaraga guterwa no kuvanga inert ntibishobora gufatwa nkibyuzuye. Ingaruka, ariko igomba kwitirirwa ingaruka zifatika za nuclease nyinshi.
ValIly0 yo muri Bulugariya Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev n'abandi basanze ibice by'ibanze ari umwotsi wa silika hamwe na karisiyumu nkeya ya kivu ivu binyuze mu miterere na mashini ya sima ya beto na beto ivanze n’imikorere ya pozzolanike ikora, ishobora kuzamura imbaraga z’amabuye ya sima. Umwotsi wa Silica ugira ingaruka zikomeye kumazi hakiri kare y'ibikoresho bya sima, mugihe ivu ryisazi rifite ingaruka zikomeye kumazi nyuma.
1.4.2Gutangiza muri make ubushakashatsi bwo murugo kubijyanye no gukoresha imvange kuri minisiteri
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, Zhong Shiyun na Xiang Keqin bo muri kaminuza ya Tongji basanze ko minisiteri yahinduwe ya minisiteri y’ubwiza bw’isazi y’isazi na emulioni ya polyacrylate (PAE), igihe igipimo cya poly-binder cyari gishyizwe kuri 0.08, igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro. mortar yiyongereye hamwe nubwiza nibirimo ivu ryisazi bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwivu. Birasabwa ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyigiciro kinini cyo kuzamura imiterere ya minisiteri hongerwa gusa ibiri muri polymer.
Wang Yinong wo muri Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company yize ibijyanye n’imisemburo ikora cyane, ishobora kuzamura imikorere ya minisiteri, kugabanya urugero rwo gusibanganya, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhuza. Irakwiriye kubakwa no guhomesha ibyuma bya beto. .
Chen Miaomiao n'abandi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Nanjing bakoze ubushakashatsi ku kamaro ko kuvanga kabiri ivu n’ifu y’amabuye muri minisiteri yumye ku mikorere y’imikorere n’imashini ya minisiteri, basanga ko kongeramo imvange ebyiri bitazamura imikorere gusa n’imikorere y’ubukanishi Bya Kuvanga. Imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi irashobora kandi kugabanya neza igiciro. Igipimo cyiza gisabwa ni ugusimbuza 20% by ivu ryifu nifu ya minerval, ikigereranyo cya minisiteri numucanga ni 1: 3, naho igipimo cyamazi nibikoresho ni 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao wo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga y’Ubushinwa yashyizeho igipimo cy’amazi, ahindura bentonite, selile ether na powder ya rubber, maze yiga ku miterere y’imbaraga za minisiteri, kubika amazi no kugabanuka kwumye kw’imyunyu ngugu itatu, maze asanga ibivanze byageze Kuri 50%, ububobere bwiyongera cyane kandi imbaraga ziragabanuka, kandi igipimo cyiza cyibintu bitatu bivangwa namabuye y'agaciro ni 8% by'ifu ya hekeste, 30% slag, na 4% by'ivu biguruka, bishobora kugumana amazi. igipimo, agaciro gakunzwe k'imbaraga.
Li Ying wo muri kaminuza ya Qinghai yakoze ibizamini bya minisiteri ivanze n’imyunyu ngugu, asoza anasesengura ko imyunyu ngugu ishobora guhuza icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ifu, kandi ingaruka zuzuza mikoro hamwe n’amazi ya kabiri y’ibishobora kuvangwa bishobora kugera ku rugero runaka, ubwitonzi bwa minisiteri bwiyongereye, bityo byongera imbaraga.
Zhao Yujing wo muri Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. yakoresheje igitekerezo cyo gukomera kuvunika n’ingufu zavunitse kugira ngo yige ku ruhare rw’imyunyu ngugu ku bucukuzi bwa beto. Ikizamini cyerekana ko kuvanga imyunyu ngugu bishobora guteza imbere gato gukomera kuvunika ningufu zavunitse za minisiteri; mugihe cyubwoko bumwe bwo kuvanga, amafaranga yo gusimbuza 40% yimyunyu ngugu ningirakamaro cyane kumeneka gukomera ningufu zavunitse.
Xu Guangsheng wo muri kaminuza ya Henan yerekanye ko iyo ubuso bwihariye bw’ifu y’amabuye ari munsi ya E350m2 / l [g, ibikorwa ni bike, imbaraga za 3d ni nka 30% gusa, naho imbaraga za 28d zikura kugeza kuri 0 ~ 90% ; mugihe kuri 400m2 melon g, imbaraga za 3d Irashobora kuba hafi 50%, naho 28d imbaraga ziri hejuru ya 95%. Dufatiye ku mahame remezo ya rheologiya, ukurikije isesengura ryubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mazi ya minisiteri n’umuvuduko w’imigezi, hafashwe imyanzuro myinshi: ibivu by ivu biri munsi ya 20% birashobora kuzamura neza umuvuduko wa minisiteri n’umuvuduko w’amazi, hamwe nifu ya minerval mugihe iyo dosiye iri munsi 25%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kwiyongera ariko umuvuduko wo kugabanuka uragabanuka.
Porofeseri Wang Dongmin wo muri kaminuza y’Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’ikoranabuhanga n’Ubushinwa na Porofeseri Feng Lufeng wo muri kaminuza ya Shandong Jianzhu bagaragaje muri iyo ngingo ko beto ari ibikoresho by’ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ibikoresho bikomatanyije, aribyo paste ya sima, igiteranyo, paste ya sima hamwe na hamwe. Intera yinzibacyuho ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ihuriro. ITZ ni agace gakungahaye ku mazi, igipimo cy’amazi-sima cyaho ni kinini cyane, ububobere nyuma yo kuvomera ni bunini, kandi bizatera ubutunzi bwa hydroxide ya calcium. Aka gace gashobora gutera ibice byambere, kandi birashoboka cyane gutera impagarara. Kwishyira hamwe ahanini bigena ubukana. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko kongeramo ibivanze bishobora guteza imbere neza amazi ya endocrine muri zone yinzibacyuho, kugabanya umubyimba wa zone yinzibacyuho, no kongera imbaraga.
Zhang Jianxin wo muri kaminuza ya Chongqing n'abandi basanze mu guhindura mu buryo bwuzuye methyl selulose ether, fibre polypropilene, ifu ya polymer isubirwamo, hamwe n’ibindi bivangwa na minisiteri yumye ivanze neza kandi ikora neza. Kuvangavanze byumye-bidashobora kwangirika bifite plaque ifite akazi keza, imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe no guhangana neza. Ubwiza bwingoma nibisambo nikibazo gisanzwe.
Ren Chuanyao wo muri kaminuza ya Zhejiang n'abandi bigaga ku ngaruka za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ku miterere y’isazi y’isazi, anasesengura isano iri hagati y’ubucucike bw’amazi n'imbaraga zo kwikuramo. Byagaragaye ko kongeramo hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether mumashanyarazi yisazi bishobora kuzamura imikorere yimikorere ya minisiteri, bikongerera igihe cyo guhuza minisiteri, kandi bikagabanya ubwinshi bwamazi nimbaraga zo kwikuramo za minisiteri. Hariho isano ryiza hagati yubucucike butose nimbaraga za 28d zo kwikuramo. Ukurikije imiterere izwi yubushuhe, 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo zirashobora kubarwa ukoresheje formula ikwiye.
Porofeseri Pang Lufeng na Chang Qingshan bo muri kaminuza ya Shandong Jianzhu bakoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo gushushanya kugira ngo bige ku ngaruka eshatu zivanze n'ivu ry'isazi, ifu y'amabuye y'agaciro na silika fume ku mbaraga za beto, maze bashyira ahagaragara formulaire yo guhanura ifite agaciro gakomeye binyuze mu gusubira inyuma. isesengura. , kandi birashoboka ko byagenzuwe.
Intego n'akamaro k'ubu bushakashatsi
Nibyingenzi byingenzi bigumana amazi, selile ether ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibiryo, minisiteri na beto nizindi nganda. Nkuruvange rwingenzi muri minisiteri zitandukanye, ether zitandukanye za selile zirashobora kugabanya cyane kuva amaraso ya minisiteri yamazi menshi, kuzamura thixotropy no kubaka ubwubatsi bwa minisiteri, no kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi nimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri.
Ikoreshwa ry’imyunyu ngugu iragenda ikwirakwira cyane, ibyo ntibikemura gusa ikibazo cyo gutunganya umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda, bikiza ubutaka kandi bikarengera ibidukikije, ariko kandi bishobora guhindura imyanda ubutunzi kandi bikabyara inyungu.
Habayeho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kubigize ibice bibiri bya minisiteri mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ariko ntabushakashatsi bwinshi bwubushakashatsi buhuza byombi hamwe. Intego yuru rupapuro ni ukuvanga ethers nyinshi ya selile na minerval ivanze muri paste ya sima icyarimwe, minisiteri nini ya minisiteri na minisiteri ya plastike (ifata urugero rwa minisiteri), binyuze mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwamazi nibintu bitandukanye bya mashini, amategeko yingirakamaro yubwoko bubiri bwa minisiteri mugihe ibice byongeweho hamwe byegeranijwe muri make, bizagira ingaruka kuri selile ya ether. Kandi ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro atanga ibisobanuro runaka.
Byongeye kandi, iyi mpapuro itanga uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga za minisiteri na beto hashingiwe ku nyigisho ya FERET hamwe na coefficente yibikorwa bya minerval minerval, bishobora gutanga akamaro kanini kayobora muburyo bwo kuvanga ibipimo no guhanura imbaraga za minisiteri na beto.
1.6Ibyingenzi byubushakashatsi biri muriyi nyandiko
Ibyingenzi byubushakashatsi biri muriyi mpapuro birimo:
1. Mu guhuriza hamwe ethers nyinshi ya selile hamwe n’ibintu bitandukanye bivangwa n’amabuye y'agaciro, hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku mazi y’amazi meza asukuye hamwe na minisiteri y’amazi menshi, kandi amategeko y’ingaruka yaravuzwe mu ncamake n'impamvu zirasesengurwa.
2. Mugushyiramo ethers ya selile hamwe nibindi binyabuzima byongewe kumyunyu ngugu mwinshi hamwe na minisiteri ihuza, shakisha ingaruka zabyo kumbaraga zogukomeretsa, imbaraga zoroheje, igipimo cyo kwikuramo no guhuza minisiteri ya minisiteri nini ya minisiteri na minisiteri ya plastike Itegeko ryingaruka kumubano ukabije. imbaraga.
3. Hamwe na théorie yimbaraga za FERET hamwe na coefficente yibikorwa yimyunyu ngugu, uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga kubintu byinshi bya simaitima yibikoresho bya beto na beto birasabwa.
Igice cya 2 Isesengura ryibikoresho fatizo nibigize ibizamini
2.1 Ibikoresho by'ibizamini
2.1.1 Isima (C)
Ikizamini cyakoresheje ikirango cya "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 Isima.
2.1.2 Ifu yamabuye y'agaciro (KF)
Hatoranijwe amadolari 95 yo gutanura itanura rya fagitire ya Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Furuka ivu (FA)
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy'isazi yo mu kirere cyakozwe na Jinan Huangtai Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwaratoranijwe, ubwiza (hasigaye icyuma gisigaye cya 459m cyumwobo) ni 13%, naho igipimo cy’amazi ni 96%.
2.1.4 Umwotsi wa Silica (sF)
Fume ya Silica ifata silika ya silika ya Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ubwinshi bwayo ni 2.59 / cm3; ubuso bwihariye ni 17500m2 / kg, naho impuzandengo yubunini ni O. 1～0.39m, 28d igipimo cyibikorwa ni 108%, igipimo cy’amazi ni 120%.
2.1.5 Ifu ya redxersible powderx (JF)
Ifu ya reberi ifata ifu ya Max redispersible latex 6070N (ubwoko bwa bonding) muri Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Ether ya selile (CE)
CMC yakiriye icyiciro cya CMC muri Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., HPMC ifata ubwoko bubiri bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yo muri Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Ibindi bivangwa
Kalisiyumu ikabije ya karubone, fibre yimbaho, irwanya amazi, calcium ikora, nibindi.
2.1,8 umucanga
Imashini yakozwe na mashini ya quartz ifata ubwoko bune bwiza: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh na 70.140 H, ubucucike ni 2650 kg / rn3, naho gutwika stack ni 1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Ifu ya Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC)
Ifu ya polycarboxylate ya Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ni 1J1030, naho kugabanya amazi ni 30%.
2.1.10 Umusenyi (S)
Umusenyi wo hagati wumugezi wa Dawen muri Tai'an urakoreshwa.
2.1.11 Igiteranyo cyuzuye (G)
Koresha Jinan Ganggou kubyara 5 ″ ~ 25 ibuye rishenjaguwe.
2.2 Uburyo bwo kugerageza
2.2.1 Uburyo bwikizamini cyo gutembera neza
Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha: NJ. Ubwoko 160 bwa sima ivanze, byakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Uburyo bwikizamini nibisubizo bibarwa ukurikije uburyo bwikizamini cyo gutembera kwa paste ya sima kumugereka A wa "GB 50119.2003 Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yo gukoresha imiti ya beto" cyangwa ((GB / T8077-22000 Uburyo bwikizamini cyo guhuza ibitsina bya beto) .
2.2.2 Uburyo bwo kwipimisha kumazi ya minisiteri yo hejuru
Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha: JJ. Ubwoko bwa 5 bwa sima ivanze, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Imashini yipimisha TYE-2000B ya minisiteri, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B imashini yipimisha minisiteri, yakozwe na Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Uburyo bwa Mortar fluidity detection bushingiye kuri “JC. T 986-2005 Ibikoresho bya sima bishingiye kuri sima "na" GB 50119-2003 Ibisobanuro bya tekinike yo gukoresha imiti ya beto "Umugereka A, ubunini bwa cone bupfa gukoreshwa, uburebure ni 60mm, diameter y'imbere y'icyambu cyo hejuru ni 70mm , diameter y'imbere yicyambu cyo hasi ni 100mm, naho diameter yo hanze yicyambu cyo hepfo ni 120mm, kandi uburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 2000g buri gihe.
Ikizamini cyibisubizo byamazi abiri agomba gufata impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyerekezo ebyiri zihagaritse nkibisubizo byanyuma.
2.2.3 Uburyo bwo kugerageza imbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri
Ibikoresho by'ibizamini by'ingenzi: WDL. Andika imashini ya elegitoroniki 5 yo kwipimisha, yakozwe na Tianjin Gangyuan Uruganda rwibikoresho.
Uburyo bwikizamini cyingufu zingirakamaro zizashyirwa mubikorwa hashingiwe ku gice cya 10 cya (JGJ / T70.2009 Igipimo cyuburyo bwikizamini kubintu byibanze byubaka Mortars.
Igice cya 3. Ingaruka ya selulose ether kuri paste yuzuye na minisiteri yububiko bwa simaitima yibintu bitandukanye bivangwa namabuye y'agaciro.
Ingaruka y'amazi
Iki gice kirasesengura ethers nyinshi ya selile na minerval mugupima umubare munini wurwego rwinshi rwa sima rushingiye kuri sima na minisiteri hamwe na binary cimentitike ya sisitemu na minisiteri hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu itandukanye hamwe n'amazi yabyo hamwe no gutakaza igihe. Itegeko ryingaruka zo gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi kumazi meza ya minisiteri na minisiteri, hamwe ningaruka zibintu bitandukanye byegeranijwe kandi birasesengurwa.
3.1 Urucacagu rwa protocole yubushakashatsi
Urebye ingaruka za selulose ether kumikorere yimikorere ya sisitemu ya sima na sisitemu zitandukanye za sima, twiga muburyo bubiri:
1. pure. Ifite ibyiza byo gushishoza, imikorere yoroshye nukuri kwukuri, kandi irakwiriye cyane kugirango hamenyekane imihindagurikire yimvange nka selulose ether kubintu bya gell, kandi itandukaniro riragaragara.
2. Amashanyarazi menshi. Kugera kumurongo muremure nabyo ni kubworohereza gupima no kwitegereza. Hano, ihinduka ryibisobanuro byerekana ibintu bigenzurwa cyane cyane na superplasticizers ikora cyane. Kugirango tugabanye ikosa ryikizamini, dukoresha kugabanya amazi ya polyakarubisile hamwe noguhuza kwinshi na sima, itumva ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bwikizamini bugomba kugenzurwa cyane.
3.2 Ingaruka yikizamini cya selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
3.2.1 Gahunda yikizamini ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ingaruka za selile ya selile ku mazi meza ya sima, isima ya sima isukuye ya sisitemu imwe yibikoresho bya simaitima yakoreshejwe bwa mbere kugirango harebwe ingaruka. Indangagaciro nyamukuru yerekana hano ifata ibintu byimbitse.
Ibintu bikurikira bifatwa nkigikorwa cyo kugenda:
1. Ubwoko bwa selile ethers
2. Ibirimo bya selile
3. Igihe gito cyo kuruhuka
Hano, twakosoye PC yibigize ifu kuri 0.2%. Amatsinda atatu hamwe nitsinda enye ryibizamini byakoreshejwe muburyo butatu bwa selile ya selile (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kuri sodium carboxymethyl selulose CMC, igipimo cya 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, aribyo Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ingano ya sima muri buri kizamini ni 3009). , kuri hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether, dosiye ni 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, aribyo 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini no gusesengura ingaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima nziza
(1) Ikizamini cya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na CMC
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, mubijyanye no gutembera kwambere, hiyongereyeho CMC, amazi yambere yagabanutseho gato; igice cy'isaha y'amazi yagabanutse cyane hamwe na dosiye, cyane cyane bitewe nigice cyamasaha yamazi yitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Ninini ya 20mm kurenza iyambere (ibi birashobora guterwa no kudindiza ifu ya PC): -IJ, amazi agabanuka gato kuri dosiye ya 0.1%, kandi yongera kwiyongera kuri 0.2%.
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe na dosiye imwe, ubwinshi bwitsinda ryitsinda ryabaye rinini mu gice cyisaha, kandi ryaragabanutse mu isaha imwe (ibi birashobora guterwa nuko nyuma yisaha imwe, uduce twa sima twagaragaye cyane kandi twinshi, imiterere-yimiterere yabanje gushingwa, kandi gusebanya byagaragaye cyane; umuvuduko w'amatsinda ya C1 na C2 wagabanutseho gato mu gice cy'isaha, byerekana ko kwinjiza amazi kwa CMC byagize ingaruka runaka kuri leta; mugihe kubiri muri C2, habaye kwiyongera kwinshi mumasaha imwe, byerekana ko ibikubiye mubikorwa byingaruka zo kudindiza kwa CMC byiganje.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe niyongerekana ryibirimo muri CMC, ibintu byo gushushanya bitangira kugaragara, byerekana ko CMC igira ingaruka runaka mukwongera ububobere bwa paste ya sima, kandi ingaruka ziterwa na CMC zitera ibisekuruza bya ikirere.
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Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Uhereye ku gishushanyo cyerekana ingaruka zigihe cyo guhagarara kumazi, birashobora kugaragara ko amazi yatemba mugice cyisaha ari manini ugereranije niyambere nisaha imwe, kandi hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo muri HPMC, inzira iracika intege. Muri rusange, gutakaza amazi ntabwo ari binini, byerekana ko HPMC ifite amazi agaragara kubutaka, kandi bifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza.
Birashobora kugaragara mubireba ko amazi atemba cyane kubiri muri HPMC. Mubipimo byubushakashatsi, uko ibirimo HPMC binini, niko bigenda bitemba. Biragoye cyane kuzuza amazi ya cone yonyine munsi y'amazi angana. Birashobora kugaragara ko nyuma yo kongeramo HPMC, igihombo cyamazi yatewe nigihe ntago ari kinini kubusa.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Itsinda ryambaye ubusa rifite amaraso, kandi birashobora kugaragara uhereye kumihindagurikire ikabije y’amazi hamwe na dosiye ko HPMC ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gufata amazi no kubyibuha cyane kuruta CMC, kandi ikagira uruhare runini mugukuraho ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso. Imyuka minini yo mu kirere ntigomba kumvikana nkingaruka zo kwinjiza umwuka. Mubyukuri, nyuma yubukonje bwiyongereye, umwuka wivanze mugihe cyo gukurura ibintu ntushobora gukubitwa mubyuka bito byumwuka kuko ibishishwa ari byiza cyane.
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Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ingaruka zibiri muri HPMC (150.000) kumazi, ingaruka zo guhindura ibintu kumazi ziragaragara cyane kuruta 100.000 HPMC, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwijimye rya HPMC bizagabanuka amazi.
Ku bijyanye no kwitegereza, ukurikije icyerekezo rusange cy’imihindagurikire y’amazi hamwe nigihe, ingaruka zokugabanya igice cyamasaha ya HPMC (150.000) ziragaragara, mugihe ingaruka -4, ari mbi kurusha HPMC (100.000) .
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Habayeho kuva amaraso mu itsinda ryambaye ubusa. Impamvu yo gushushanya isahani ni ukubera ko igipimo cyamazi-sima yikibabi cyo hasi cyabaye gito nyuma yo kuva amaraso, kandi ibishishwa byari byinshi kandi bigoye kuvana mubisahani. Kwiyongera kwa HPMC byagize uruhare runini mugukuraho ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, umubare muto wibibyimba bito byabanje kugaragara hanyuma ibinini binini bigaragara. Ibibyimba bito biterwa ahanini nimpamvu runaka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibibyimba binini ntibigomba kumvikana nkingaruka zo kwinjiza umwuka. Mubyukuri, nyuma yubukonje bwiyongereye, umwuka uvanze mugihe cyo gukurura ni byiza cyane kandi ntibishobora gutemba bivuye kumurongo.
3.3 Ikizamini cya selile ya ether ya selile kumazi yubusa bwibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima.
Iki gice kiragaragaza cyane cyane ingaruka ziterwa no gukoresha imiti myinshi hamwe na ether eshatu za selile (carboxymethyl selulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC) kumazi ya pulp.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amatsinda atatu n'amatsinda ane y'ibizamini yakoreshejwe kubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Kuri sodium carboxymethyl selulose CMC, igipimo cya 0%, 0,10%, na 0.2%, aribyo 0g, 0.3g, na 0,6g (dosiye ya sima kuri buri kizamini ni 300g). Kuri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ibipimo ni 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, aribyo 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. PC yibigize ifu igenzurwa kuri 0.2%.
Ifu yisazi nifu ya slag muvanga minerval isimburwa nuburyo bumwe bwo kuvanga imbere, naho urwego rwo kuvanga ni 10%, 20% na 30%, ni ukuvuga amafaranga yo gusimburwa ni 30g, 60g na 90g. Nyamara, urebye ingaruka zibikorwa byo hejuru, kugabanuka, na leta, ibirimo umwotsi wa silika bigenzurwa kuri 3%, 6%, na 9%, ni ukuvuga 9g, 18g, na 27g.
3.3.
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3.3.2 Ibisubizo by'ibizamini no gusesengura ingaruka za selulose ether kumazi yibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima
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Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kongera neza amazi yambere ya slurry, kandi bikunda kwaguka hamwe no kwiyongera kwivu ryisazi. Muri icyo gihe, iyo ibiri muri CMC byiyongereye, amazi agabanuka gato, kandi kugabanuka ntarengwa ni 20mm.
Birashobora kugaragara ko amazi yambere ya slurry yera ashobora kwiyongera kumupanga muke wifu yifu, kandi iterambere ryamazi ntikigaragara mugihe dosiye iri hejuru ya 20%. Mugihe kimwe, ingano ya CMC muri O. Kuri 1%, amazi ni menshi.
Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko ibirimo umwotsi wa silika muri rusange bigira ingaruka zitari nziza kumazi yambere ya slurry. Muri icyo gihe, CMC nayo yagabanije gato amazi.
Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binary cimentité yuzuye ivanze na CMC hamwe nubutare butandukanye.
Birashobora kugaragara ko iterambere ryamazi yisazi yisazi mugihe cyigice cyisaha bigira ingaruka nziza kumupanga muke, ariko birashobora nanone kubera ko biri hafi yimipaka yimyanda yuzuye. Mugihe kimwe, CMC iracyafite kugabanuka gake mumazi.
Byongeye kandi, ugereranije amazi yambere nigice cyamazi, ushobora gusanga ivu ryinshi ryisazi rifite akamaro mukurwanya igihombo cyamazi mugihe.
Birashobora kugaragara muri ibi ko ingano yifu ya minerval idafite ingaruka mbi zigaragara kumazi ya shitingi yera mugihe cyigice cyisaha, kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo bikomeye. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka z'ibintu bya CMC ku mazi mu gice cy'isaha ntizigaragara, ariko iterambere ry’itsinda risimbuza ifu ya minerval 20% riragaragara.
Birashobora kugaragara ko ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubusembwa bwuzuye hamwe nubunini bwa silika fume mugice cyisaha iragaragara cyane kuruta iyambere, cyane cyane ingaruka ziri hagati ya 6% na 9% ziragaragara cyane. Muri icyo gihe, igabanuka ryibintu bya CMC kumazi ni nka 30mm, ibyo bikaba birenze kugabanuka kwibintu bya CMC kubitangira.
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Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko ingaruka zivu zisazi kumazi zigaragara cyane, ariko dusanga mubizamini ko ivu ryisazi nta ngaruka zigaragara zitera kumaraso. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya ingaruka za HPMC kumazi biragaragara cyane (cyane cyane murwego rwa 0.1% kugeza 0.15% bya dosiye nyinshi, kugabanuka kwinshi kurashobora kugera kuri 50mm).
Birashobora kugaragara ko ifu ya minerval igira ingaruka nke mumazi, kandi ntitezimbere cyane kuva amaraso. Mubyongeyeho, kugabanya ingaruka za HPMC kumazi bigera kuri 60mm murwego rwa 0.1%～0,15% ya dosiye nyinshi.
Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi ya silika bigaragara cyane murwego runini, kandi byongeye kandi, umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka zigaragara kumaraso mu kizamini. Muri icyo gihe, HPMC igira ingaruka zigaragara mukugabanya umuvuduko wamazi (cyane cyane murwego rwa dosiye nyinshi (0.1% kugeza 0.15%). Kubireba ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi, umwotsi wa silika na HPMC bigira uruhare runini, kandi ibindi Kwiyunga bikora nkumufasha muto uhindura.
Birashobora kugaragara ko, muri rusange, ingaruka zivanze eshatu kumazi asa nagaciro kambere. Iyo umwotsi wa silika uri murwego rwo hejuru rwa 9% naho HPMC ikaba O. Ku bijyanye na 15%, ibintu byerekana ko amakuru adashobora gukusanywa kubera imiterere mibi ya slurry byari bigoye kuzuza ifu ya cone , byerekana ko ububobere bwa silika fume na HPMC bwiyongereye cyane kuri dosiye nyinshi. Ugereranije na CMC, ingaruka zo kwiyongera kwa HPMC ziragaragara cyane.
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Duhereye kuri ibi, birashobora kugaragara ko HPMC (150.000) na HPMC (100.000) bigira ingaruka zisa kuri slurry, ariko HPMC ifite ubukonje bwinshi ifite igabanuka ritoya ryamazi, ariko ntibigaragara, bigomba kuba bifitanye isano no guseswa. ya HPMC. Umuvuduko ufite isano runaka. Mubivanze, ingaruka yibisazi byisazi kumazi ya slurry ahanini ni umurongo kandi mwiza, kandi 30% yibirimo birashobora kongera amazi kuri 20, -, 30mm; Ingaruka ntabwo igaragara, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kunoza amaraso ni nke; ndetse no ku rugero ruto ruri munsi ya 10%, umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka zigaragara cyane mukugabanya amaraso, kandi ubuso bwacyo bwihariye bukubye inshuro ebyiri kurenza sima. Itondekanya ry'ubunini, ingaruka zo kwinjiza amazi kumazi ni ingenzi cyane.
Mu ijambo, muburyo butandukanye bwa dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya slurry, dosiye ya silika fume na HPMC nikintu cyambere, cyaba kugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, ni biragaragara cyane, izindi Ingaruka zivanga ni izakabiri kandi zigira uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
Igice cya gatatu cyerekana muri make ingaruka za HPMC (150.000) hamwe nuruvange rwamazi yimyunyu ngugu mugihe cyigice cyisaha, ubusanzwe bisa n amategeko agenga agaciro kambere. Birashobora kugaragara ko kwiyongera kw'ivu ry'isazi kumazi ya slurry isukuye mugihe cyigice cyisaha bigaragara cyane ugereranije no kwiyongera kwamazi yambere, ingaruka yifu ya slag iracyagaragara, kandi ningaruka yibintu bya silika ya silika kumazi. biracyagaragara cyane. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ibikubiye muri HPMC, hari ibintu byinshi bidashobora gusukwa kubintu byinshi, byerekana ko dosiye ya O. 15% igira ingaruka zikomeye mukwiyongera kwijimye no kugabanya amazi, naho kubijyanye na fluidite kuri kimwe cya kabiri isaha, ugereranije nagaciro kambere, itsinda rya slag ya O. Amazi ya 05% HPMC yagabanutse kuburyo bugaragara.
Kubyerekeranye no gutakaza amazi mugihe, kwinjiza umwotsi wa silika bigira ingaruka nini kuri yo, cyane cyane ko umwotsi wa silika ufite ubwiza bunini, ibikorwa byinshi, reaction yihuse, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukuramo ubuhehere, bikaviramo kumva neza gutembera kumwanya uhagaze. Kuri.
3.4 Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya sima isukuye-yuzuye ya minisiteri.
3.4.
Koresha amazi menshi ya minisiteri kugirango urebe ingaruka zayo kumikorere. Icyerekezo nyamukuru cyerekana hano ni intangiriro nigice cyamasaha yikizamini cya minisiteri.
Ibintu bikurikira bifatwa nkigikorwa cyo kugenda:
Ubwoko 1 bwa selile ethers,
2 Ingano ya selile ether,
3 Mortar umwanya uhagaze
3.4.2.
(1) Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya fluide ya sima isukuye ivanze na CMC
Incamake nisesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda atatu hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, mubijyanye no gutembera kwambere, hiyongereyeho CMC, amazi yambere yagabanutseho gato, kandi mugihe ibirimo bigeze kuri O. Kuri 15%, habaho kugabanuka kugaragara; kugabanuka kurwego rwamazi hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo mugice cyisaha bisa nagaciro kambere.
2. Ikimenyetso:
Mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, ugereranije no gutembera neza, kwinjiza agregate muri minisiteri byorohereza ibyuka bihumeka kwinjirira mu kayunguruzo, kandi ingaruka zo guhagarika igiteranyo ku maraso ava mu maraso nazo zizorohereza ibyuka bihumeka cyangwa kuva amaraso. Muri slurry rero, ibyuka byumwuka nubunini bwa minisiteri bigomba kuba binini kandi binini kuruta ubwiza. Ku rundi ruhande, birashobora kugaragara ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwibiri muri CMC, amazi aragabanuka, byerekana ko CMC igira ingaruka zikomeye kuri minisiteri, kandi ikizamini cy’amazi y’isaha cyerekana ko ibibyimba byuzuye hejuru kwiyongera gato. .
(2) Ibizamini bya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na HPMC (100.000)
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku gishushanyo ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa HPMC, amazi aragabanuka cyane. Ugereranije na CMC, HPMC ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kubyimba. Ingaruka no gufata amazi nibyiza. Kuva kuri 0.05% kugeza 0.1%, intera ihinduka ryamazi iragaragara cyane, kandi kuva O. Nyuma ya 1%, ntabwo ihinduka ryambere cyangwa igice cyamasaha yo guhinduka ari kinini cyane.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Birashobora kugaragara kumeza no gushushanya ko mubyukuri nta bisebe biri mumatsinda abiri ya Mh2 na Mh3, byerekana ko ubwiza bwamatsinda yombi bumaze kuba bunini, bikabuza gutembera kwinshi mubituba.
(3) Ibizamini bya fluidity ibisubizo bya sima ya sima ivanze na HPMC (150.000)
Isesengura ryibisubizo:
1. Ikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko:
Ugereranije amatsinda menshi hamwe nigihe kimwe gihagaze, icyerekezo rusange nuko amazi yambere yambere nigice cyamasaha agabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo muri HPMC, kandi kugabanuka kugaragara cyane kuruta ibya HPMC hamwe nubwiza bwa 100.000, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa viscosity ya HPMC bituma yiyongera. Ingaruka yo kubyimba irashimangirwa, ariko muri O. Ingaruka ya dosiye iri munsi ya 05% ntabwo igaragara, amazi afite impinduka nini ugereranije na 0.05% kugeza 0.1%, kandi icyerekezo cyongeye kuba murwego rwa 0.1% kugeza 0.15%. Genda gahoro, cyangwa uhagarike guhinduka. Ugereranije igice cyamasaha yo gutakaza agaciro (gutembera kwambere nigice cyisaha cyamazi) ya HPMC hamwe nubucucike bubiri, urashobora gusanga HPMC ifite ubukonje bwinshi ishobora kugabanya igihombo, byerekana ko kubika amazi no gushiraho ingaruka mbi zo kudindiza ari byiza kuruta ubwiza buke.
2. Isesengura ryibisobanuro bya Fenomenon:
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya amaraso, HPMCs zombi zifite itandukaniro rito mubikorwa, byombi birashobora kugumana neza amazi no kubyimba, gukuraho ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kuva amaraso, kandi icyarimwe bigatuma ibibyimba bitemba neza.
3.5 Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za selulose ether kumazi ya minisiteri nini ya sisitemu zitandukanye.
3.5.1 Gahunda yikizamini ku ngaruka za selile ya selile ku mazi ya minisiteri nini ya sisitemu zitandukanye.
Amashanyarazi menshi aracyakoreshwa kugirango yitegereze ingaruka zayo. Ibipimo nyamukuru byerekana ni intangiriro nigice cyamasaha ya minisiteri yo gutahura.
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3.5.2.
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Duhereye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'amazi ya mbere, dushobora kwemeza ko kongeramo ivu ry'isazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; iyo ibirimo ifu yubutaka ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato; umwotsi wa silika ugira ingaruka nyinshi kumazi, cyane cyane mubipimo bya 6% ~ 9% bihindagurika, bigatuma igabanuka ryamazi agera kuri 90mm.
Mu matsinda abiri y ivu nifu yifu, CMC igabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri kurwego runaka, mugihe mumatsinda ya silika fume, O. Ubwiyongere bwibintu bya CMC hejuru ya 1% ntibikigira ingaruka zikomeye kumazi ya minisiteri.
Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na CMC hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Duhereye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'amazi mu gice cy'isaha, dushobora kwanzura ko ingaruka z'ibigize imvange na CMC bisa n'ibya mbere, ariko ibikubiye muri CMC mu itsinda ry'ifu ya minerval bihinduka kuva O. 1% kugeza O. Impinduka ya 2% nini, kuri 30mm.
Kubijyanye no gutakaza amazi mugihe, ivu ryisazi rigira ingaruka zo kugabanya igihombo, mugihe ifu yumutuku hamwe numwotsi wa silika bizongera agaciro k'igihombo munsi ya dosiye nyinshi. 9% ya dosiye ya silika nayo itera ibizamini byo kutuzura wenyine. , amazi ntashobora gupimwa neza.
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Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Birashobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; iyo ibirimo ifu yubutaka ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato; Igipimo cyoroshye cyane, kandi itsinda rya HPMC rifite dosiye nyinshi kuri 9% rifite ibibanza byapfuye, kandi amazi yabuze.
Ibiri muri selulose ether na silika fume nabyo nibintu bigaragara cyane bigira ingaruka kumazi ya minisiteri. Ingaruka ya HPMC biragaragara ko iruta iya CMC. Ibindi bivanze birashobora kunoza igihombo cyamazi mugihe.
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Igice cyamasaha yisuzuma ryibisubizo bya binini ya simaitima ya minisiteri ivanze na HPMC (viscosity 150.000) hamwe nibindi bitandukanye
Birashobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi ko kongeramo ivu ryisazi bishobora kuzamura gato amazi ya minisiteri; mugihe ibirimo ifu ya minerval ari 10%, amazi ya minisiteri arashobora kunozwa gato: umwotsi wa silika uracyafite akamaro kanini mugukemura ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso, mugihe Fluidity ningaruka zikomeye, ariko ntigikora neza kuruta ingaruka zayo mumasuku asukuye .
Umubare munini wibibanza byapfuye byagaragaye munsi yibintu byinshi bya selile ya selulose (cyane cyane kumeza yamasaha yigice cyamazi), byerekana ko HPMC igira uruhare runini mukugabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri, nifu ya minerval hamwe n ivu ryisazi bishobora kunoza igihombo y'amazi mugihe runaka.
3.5 Umutwe Incamake
1. Kugereranya byimazeyo ikizamini cya fluidity ya sima ya sima ivanze na ether eshatu za selile, urashobora kubona ko
1. CMC ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no guhumeka ikirere, gufata amazi make, no gutakaza bimwe mugihe.
2. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya HPMC iragaragara, kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye kuri leta, kandi amazi agenda agabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo. Ifite ingaruka runaka yo kwinjiza umwuka, kandi kubyimbye biragaragara. 15% bizatera ibibyimba binini muri slurry, byanze bikunze byangiza imbaraga. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwijimye rya HPMC, gutakaza igihe biterwa no gutemba kwamazi byiyongereyeho gato, ariko ntibigaragara.
2.
1. CMC ntigira ingaruka nke mugucunga amaraso, kandi igira ingaruka nke mukugabanya amazi; ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC burashobora kongera ubwiza bwikigina no kugabanya amazi neza, kandi nubwinshi bwubwiza bwinshi bugira ingaruka zigaragara.
2. Mubivanze, ivu ryisazi rifite urwego runaka rwo gutera imbere kumazi yambere nigice cyisaha cyamazi meza, kandi ibirimo 30% birashobora kwiyongera kuri 30mm; Ingaruka yifu ya minerval kumazi ya slurry isukuye ntigisanzwe; silicon Nubwo ibirimo ivu ari bike, idasanzwe ya ultra-finine, reaction yihuse, hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma bigabanya cyane amazi ya slurry, cyane cyane iyo 0.15% HPMC yongeyeho, hazabaho ibishishwa bya cone bidashobora kuzuzwa. Ikintu.
3. Mu kugenzura amaraso, isazi yisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara, kandi umwotsi wa silika urashobora kugabanya umubare wamaraso.
4. Kubijyanye no gutakaza igice cyamasaha yo gutakaza amazi, igihombo cyo gutakaza ivu ryisazi ni gito, kandi agaciro k'igihombo cyitsinda ririmo umwotsi wa silika ni kinini.
5.Mu buryo butandukanye bwibirimo, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya slurry, ibirimo HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, byaba kugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura uko ibintu bitemba, ni ugereranije. Ingaruka yifu yifu nifu yifu ni iyakabiri, kandi igira uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
3. Kugereranya byimazeyo ikizamini cyamazi ya sima ya sima ivanze na ether eshatu za selile, urashobora kubona ko
1. Nyuma yo kongeramo ethers eshatu za selile, ibintu byo kuva amaraso byavanyweho neza, kandi amazi ya minisiteri yagabanutse muri rusange. Kubyimba bimwe, ingaruka zo gufata amazi. CMC ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no guhumeka ikirere, gufata amazi make, no gutakaza bimwe mugihe.
2. Nyuma yo kongeramo CMC, gutakaza amazi ya minisiteri mugihe cyiyongera, bishobora kuba biterwa nuko CMC ari ionic selulose ether, byoroshye gukora imvura hamwe na Ca2 + muri sima.
3. Kugereranya ether eshatu za selile yerekana ko CMC itagira ingaruka nke kumazi, kandi ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC bugabanya cyane amazi ya minisiteri yibiri muri 1/1000, naho iyifite ububobere buke ni bwinshi cyane biragaragara.
4. guhubuka kandi ntishobora kurengerwa.
5. Ingaruka yo gufata amazi ya HPMC iragaragara, igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yuruvange, kandi amazi agabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, kandi kubyimbye biragaragara.
4. Gereranya muri rusange ikizamini cyamazi yimyunyu-ngugu myinshi ya binary cementité ivanze na selile eshatu za selile.
Nkuko bigaragara:
1. CMC ntigira ingaruka nke mugucunga amaraso, kandi igira ingaruka nke mukugabanya amazi; ubwoko bubiri bwa HPMC burashobora kongera ubwiza bwa minisiteri no kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, naho iyifite ububobere buke ifite ingaruka zigaragara.
2.Mu bivangavanze, ivu ryisazi rifite urwego runaka rwo gutera imbere kumazi ya mbere nigice cyamazi yisukuye; Ingaruka yifu ya slag kumazi ya flux isukuye ntisanzwe igaragara; nubwo ibirimo umwotsi wa silika ari muke, idasanzwe idasanzwe-nziza, reaction yihuse hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanuka kumazi ya slurry. Ariko, ugereranije nibisubizo byikizamini cya paste yuzuye, usanga ingaruka zivanze zikunda gucika intege.
3. Mu kugenzura amaraso, isazi yisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara, kandi umwotsi wa silika urashobora kugabanya umubare wamaraso.
4. Muburyo butandukanye bwurwego rwa dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya minisiteri, dosiye ya HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, niba ari ukugenzura amaraso cyangwa kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, nibyinshi ikigaragara, fume ya silika 9% Iyo ibiri muri HPMC ari 0.15%, biroroshye gutera ifumbire yuzuye kuzuza bigoye kuzuza, kandi ingaruka zindi zivanze ni izakabiri kandi zifite uruhare rwo guhindura ibintu.
5. Hazabaho ibibyimba hejuru ya minisiteri ifite amazi arenga 250mm, ariko itsinda ryambaye ubusa ridafite selile ya selile muri rusange ntirigira ibibyimba cyangwa umubare muto cyane wibibyimba, byerekana ko ether ya selile ifite umwuka runaka winjiza umwuka. Ingaruka kandi ituma ubunebwe bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubukonje bukabije bwa minisiteri ifite amazi mabi, biragoye ko imyuka yo mu kirere ireremba bitewe ningaruka zo kwikorera uburemere bwa slurry, ariko ikagumana muri minisiteri, kandi ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga ntizishobora. birengagijwe.
Igice cya 4 Ingaruka za Ethers ya Cellulose kumiterere ya Mortarike ya Mortar
Igice cyabanjirije cyize ku ngaruka zo gukoresha ikoreshwa rya selile ether hamwe n’imyunyu ngugu itandukanye ku mazi y’amazi meza kandi yuzuye ya minisiteri. Iki gice kirasesengura cyane cyane ikoreshwa rya selile ya ether hamwe nibindi bitandukanye bivangwa na minisiteri ndende kandi ningaruka zimbaraga zo guhonyora no guhinduranya imbaraga za minisiteri ihuza, hamwe nisano iri hagati yimbaraga zingirakamaro zingirakamaro za minisiteri ihuza na selireose ether na minerval. ibivanze nabyo byavuzwe muri make kandi birasesengurwa.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mikorere ikora ya selulose ether ku bikoresho bishingiye kuri sima ya paste na minisiteri mu gice cya 3, mu rwego rwo gupima imbaraga, ibikubiye muri selile ya selile ni 0.1%.
4.1 Kwipimisha imbaraga no guhindagurika imbaraga za minisiteri yo hejuru
Hakozwe iperereza ku mbaraga zo guhonyora no guhuza imbaraga z’imyunyu ngugu na selile ya selile muri minisiteri y’amazi menshi.
4.1
Ingaruka zubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile kubintu byo kwikuramo no guhindagurika byimiterere ya sima isukuye ishingiye kumasemburo maremare kumyaka itandukanye kubintu byagenwe bya 0.1% byakorewe hano.
Isesengura ryimbaraga zambere: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika, CMC igira ingaruka zikomeye, mugihe HPMC ifite ingaruka zigabanya; mubijyanye nimbaraga zo guhonyora, kwinjiza selulose ether bifite amategeko asa nimbaraga zoroshye; ubwiza bwa HPMC bugira ingaruka kumbaraga zombi. Nta ngaruka nini: ukurikije igipimo cyumuvuduko wikubye, ether zose uko ari eshatu za selile zirashobora kugabanya neza igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo no kongera ubworoherane bwa minisiteri. Muri byo, HPMC ifite viscosity ya 150.000 ifite ingaruka zigaragara cyane.
(2) Ibisubizo by'iminsi irindwi yo kugereranya ibisubizo
Isesengura ryiminsi irindwi: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika nimbaraga zo kwikuramo, hariho amategeko asa nimbaraga ziminsi itatu. Ugereranije niminsi itatu yikubye-igitutu, hariho kwiyongera gake mumbaraga zogukomera. Ariko, kugereranya amakuru yigihe kimwe birashobora kubona ingaruka za HPMC mukugabanya igipimo cyikubye. ugereranije.
(3) Iminsi makumyabiri n'umunani imbaraga zo kugereranya ibisubizo
Isesengura ryiminsi makumyabiri n'umunani: Kubijyanye nimbaraga zihindagurika nimbaraga zo kwikuramo, hariho amategeko asa nimbaraga ziminsi itatu. Imbaraga zihindagurika ziyongera buhoro, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo ziracyiyongera kurwego runaka. Kugereranya amakuru mugihe cyimyaka imwe yerekana ko HPMC igira ingaruka zigaragara mugutezimbere igipimo cyo kwikuramo.
Ukurikije ikizamini cyimbaraga ziki gice, usanga ko iterambere ryubugingo bwa minisiteri rigarukira kuri CMC, kandi rimwe na rimwe igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro ziyongera, bigatuma minisiteri irushaho gucika. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ari rusange muri rusange kuruta iya HPMC, selile ya selile twasuzumye kugirango igerageze imbaraga hano ni HPMC yibibabi bibiri. Nubwo HPMC igira ingaruka runaka mukugabanya imbaraga (cyane cyane kubububasha bwambere), nibyiza kugabanya igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka, bifitiye akamaro ubukana bwa minisiteri. Byongeye kandi, ufatanije nibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi mugice cya 3, mukwiga guhuza ibivangwa hamwe na CE Mugupima ingaruka, tuzakoresha HPMC (100.000) nka CE ihuye na CE.
4.1
Ukurikije ikizamini cy’amazi meza ya slurry na minisiteri ivanze n’ibivanze mu gice kibanziriza iki, birashobora kugaragara ko amazi y’umwotsi wa silika bigaragara ko yangiritse bitewe n’amazi menshi akenewe, nubwo bishobora guteza imbere ubwinshi nimbaraga kuri urugero runaka. . Muri icyo gihe, kubera kubura skeleton igabanuka ryikusanyirizo rito, igabanuka ryagaciro rya minisiteri ni nini ugereranije na beto. Kuri minisiteri (cyane cyane minisiteri idasanzwe nko guhuza minisiteri no guhomesha minisiteri), ingaruka mbi cyane ni ukugabanuka. Kubice byatewe no gutakaza amazi, imbaraga ntabwo arikintu gikomeye cyane. Kubwibyo, umwotsi wa silika wajugunywe nkuwivanze, kandi ivu ryisazi nifu yifu byonyine byakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka ziterwa na selile na ether ya selile.
4.1.2
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hakoreshejwe igipimo cya minisiteri muri 4.1.1, kandi ibiri muri selile ya selile yashyizwe kuri 0.1% kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Urwego rwa dosiye yikizamini ni 0%, 10%, 20% na 30%.
4.1.2.2
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubigeragezo byimbaraga zo kugerageza ko imbaraga za 3d zo kwikuramo nyuma yo kongeramo HPMC ari nka 5 / VIPa munsi ugereranije niyitsinda ryambaye ubusa. Muri rusange, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga ryongeweho, imbaraga zo kwikuramo zerekana kugabanuka. . Kubijyanye no kuvanga, imbaraga zitsinda ryifu ya minerval idafite HPMC ninziza, mugihe imbaraga zitsinda ryivu ryisazi riri munsi gato ugereranije nitsinda ryifu ya minerval, byerekana ko ifu yubutare idakora nka sima, no kuyishyiramo bizagabanya gato imbaraga za kare za sisitemu. Isazi yisazi hamwe nibikorwa bibi bigabanya imbaraga cyane. Impamvu yisesengura igomba kuba nuko ivu ryisazi rigira uruhare runini mumazi ya kabiri ya sima, kandi ntirigire uruhare runini mumbaraga za minisiteri.
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubigeragezo byimbaraga zipima ko HPMC igifite ingaruka mbi kumbaraga zinyuranye, ariko mugihe ibikubiye mubyongeweho ari byinshi, ibintu byo kugabanya imbaraga zumubiri ntibikigaragara. Impamvu irashobora kuba ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC. Igipimo cyo gutakaza amazi hejuru yikibanza cyo gupima minisiteri kigenda gahoro, kandi amazi yo kuhira arahagije.
Kubyerekeranye nuruvange, imbaraga za flexural zerekana inzira igenda igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bivangwa, kandi imbaraga za flexural zitsinda ryifu ya minerval nazo nini cyane ugereranije nitsinda ryivu ryisazi, byerekana ko ibikorwa byifu ya minerval ari iruta iry'isazi.
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku giciro cyabazwe cyo kugereranya-kugabanya ko kwiyongera kwa HPMC bizagabanya neza igipimo cyo kwikuramo no kunoza imiterere ya minisiteri, ariko mubyukuri biterwa no kugabanuka gukabije kwingufu zo kwikuramo.
Kubyerekeranye nuruvange, uko ubwinshi bwimvange bwiyongera, igipimo cyo kwikuramo-inshuro gikunda kwiyongera, byerekana ko kuvanga bitajyanye nubworoherane bwa minisiteri. Mubyongeyeho, urashobora kuboneka ko igipimo cyo guhunika-inshuro ya minisiteri idafite HPMC yiyongera hiyongereyeho imvange. Ubwiyongere ni bunini gato, ni ukuvuga, HPMC irashobora kunoza kwinjiza minisiteri yatewe no kongeramo imvange kurwego runaka.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kubwimbaraga zo kwikuramo 7d, ingaruka mbi zivanze ntizigaragara. Imbaraga zo guhonyora indangagaciro zirasa hafi kuri buri rwego rwimvange, kandi HPMC iracyafite imbogamizi zigaragara kumbaraga zo kwikuramo. Ingaruka.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kubijyanye nimbaraga zoguhindagurika, kuvanga bigira ingaruka mbi kuri 7d flexural resistance muri rusange, kandi itsinda ryifu ya minerval yonyine ryakoze neza, ahanini rikomeza kuri 11-12MPa.
Birashobora kugaragara ko kuvanga bigira ingaruka mbi mubijyanye nigipimo cyerekana. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga, igipimo cya indentation kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, ni ukuvuga ko minisiteri yoroheje. HPMC irashobora kugabanya igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro kandi igateza imbere uburinganire bwa minisiteri.
Birashobora kugaragara ko guhera 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo, kuvanga byagize ingaruka zigaragara zingirakamaro kumbaraga zanyuma, kandi imbaraga zo kwikuramo ziyongereyeho 3-5MPa, biterwa ahanini ningaruka zuzuza mikorobe zivanze nibintu bya pozzolanic. Ingaruka ya kabiri ya hydrata yibikoresho, kuruhande rumwe, irashobora gukoresha no gukoresha hydroxide ya calcium ikorwa na hydrata ya sima (calcium hydroxide nicyiciro cyoroshye muri minisiteri, kandi kuyikungahaza muri zone yinzibacyuho byangiza imbaraga), kubyara ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi byamazi, kurundi ruhande, biteza imbere hydrata ya sima kandi bigatuma minisiteri iba myinshi. HPMC iracyafite ingaruka mbi zingirakamaro ku mbaraga zo guhonyora, kandi imbaraga zigabanuka zirashobora kugera kuri 10MPa. Kugira ngo usesengure impamvu, HPMC itangiza umubare munini wimyuka ihumeka mugikorwa cyo kuvanga minisiteri, igabanya ubukana bwumubiri wa minisiteri. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu. HPMC yorohewe cyane hejuru yubutaka bukomeye kugirango ikore firime, ibuza inzira ya hydrata, kandi zone yinzibacyuho irakomeye, ntabwo ifasha imbaraga.
Birashobora kugaragara ko ukurikije imbaraga za 28d flexural strength, data ifite dispersion nini kuruta imbaraga zo kwikuramo, ariko ingaruka mbi za HPMC ziracyagaragara.
Birashobora kugaragara ko, duhereye ku kigereranyo cyo kugabanuka-kugabanuka, HPMC muri rusange ni ingirakamaro kugabanya igipimo cyo kugabanya-kugabanya no kunoza ubukana bwa minisiteri. Mu itsinda rimwe, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi kwivanga, igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka cyiyongera. Isesengura ryimpamvu ryerekana ko ibivanze bifite iterambere rigaragara mumbaraga zogukomeretsa nyuma, ariko iterambere rike mumbaraga zahindutse nyuma, bikavamo igipimo cyo kwikuramo-kugabanuka. gutera imbere.
4.2 Kwipimisha imbaraga no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe
Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka za ether ya selulose no kuvanga imbaraga zogukomeretsa no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ibikubiye muri selile ya selile HPMC (viscosity 100,000) nka 0,30% byuburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri. kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa.
Ibivangwa (ifu yisazi nifu ya slag) biracyageragezwa kuri 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.2.1 Gukomeretsa no guhuza imbaraga gahunda yo gupima minisiteri
4.2.2
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko bigaragara ko HPMC itameze neza ukurikije imbaraga za 28d zo kwikomeretsa za minisiteri ihuza, izatera imbaraga kugabanuka nka 5MPa, ariko ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa minisiteri ntago ari imbaraga zo guhonyora, bityo biremewe; Iyo ibice bigize ibice ari 20%, imbaraga zo kwikuramo ni nziza.
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko ukurikije imbaraga zoroshye, kugabanya imbaraga zatewe na HPMC ntabwo ari nini. Birashoboka ko umubumbe uhuza ufite amazi mabi hamwe nibiranga plastike ugereranije na minisiteri yuzuye. Ingaruka nziza zo kunyerera no gufata amazi bikuraho neza zimwe mu ngaruka mbi zo kwinjiza gaze kugirango igabanye guhuza no kugabanuka kwimbere; ibivanze nta ngaruka zigaragara bigira ku mbaraga zoroshye, kandi amakuru yitsinda ryivu ihindagurika gato.
Birashobora kugaragara mubushakashatsi bwerekana ko, kubijyanye nigipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, muri rusange, kwiyongera kwibintu byongeweho byongera igipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba bidakwiriye gukomera kwa minisiteri; HPMC ifite ingaruka nziza, ishobora kugabanya igipimo cyo kugabanya umuvuduko wa O. 5 hejuru, twakagombye kwerekana ko, ukurikije "JG 149.2003 Ikwirakwizwa rya Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation Sisitemu", muri rusange nta cyangombwa gisabwa ku kigereranyo cyo guhunika-kugabanura mubipimo byerekana ibimenyetso bya minisiteri ihuza, kandi igipimo cyo kwikuramo ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ubukana bwa minisiteri yo guhomeka, kandi iki cyerekezo gikoreshwa gusa nk'icyerekezo cyo guhuza n'imiterere. minisiteri.
4.3 Guhuza Imbaraga Ikizamini cya Bonding Mortar
Kugirango ushakishe amategeko agenga ikoreshwa rya selile ya ether hamwe no kuvanga imbaraga zingirakamaro za minisiteri ihujwe, reba "JG / T3049.1998 Putty yo kubaka Imbere" na "JG 149.2003 Yaguye Ubuyobozi bwa Polystirene Yagutse Yangiza Ububiko bwo hanze". Sisitemu ”, twakoze ikizamini cyingufu zububiko bwa minisiteri ihuza, dukoresheje igipimo cya minisiteri ihuza imbonerahamwe mu mbonerahamwe 4.2.1, no gutunganya ibikubiye muri selile ya ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kugeza kuri 0 yuburemere bwumye bwa minisiteri .30% , kandi ugereranije nitsinda ryambaye ubusa.
Ibivangwa (ifu yisazi nifu ya slag) biracyageragezwa kuri 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.3.1 Gahunda yo kugerageza imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri
4.3.2 Ibisubizo byikizamini nisesengura ryimbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri
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Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko amatsinda yongeweho na HPMC arusha cyane itsinda ryambaye ubusa, byerekana ko HPMC ifitiye akamaro imbaraga zo guhuza, cyane cyane ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC zirinda amazi kumurongo uhuza hagati ya minisiteri na ikizamini cya sima. Guhuza minisiteri kuri interineti byuzuye neza, bityo bikongerera imbaraga imbaraga.
Kubijyanye no kuvanga, imbaraga zubusabane ziri hejuru cyane kuri dosiye ya 10%, kandi nubwo impamyabumenyi ya hydrata numuvuduko wa sima bishobora kunozwa kumupanga mwinshi, bizatuma igabanuka ryurwego rusange rwamazi ya sima ibikoresho, bityo bigatera gukomera. kugabanuka kwingufu.
Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko kubijyanye nigiciro cyikizamini cyigihe cyibikorwa byimbaraga, amakuru arasobanutse neza, kandi kuvanga nta ngaruka nini bifite, ariko muri rusange, ugereranije nimbaraga zumwimerere, habaho kugabanuka runaka, kandi kugabanuka kwa HPMC ni ntoya kurenza iy'itsinda ryambaye ubusa, byerekana ko Hanzuwe ko ingaruka zo gufata amazi ya HPMC ari ingirakamaro mu kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi, ku buryo kugabanuka kwingufu za minisiteri bigabanuka nyuma ya 2.5h.
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Birashobora kugaragara mubigeragezo ko agaciro k'igeragezwa k'imbaraga zubusabane hagati ya minisiteri ihuza hamwe na polystirene ikozwe neza. Muri rusange, birashobora kugaragara ko itsinda rivanze na HPMC rikora neza kuruta itsinda ryambaye ubusa kubera gufata neza amazi. Nibyiza, kwinjizamo imvange bigabanya ituze ryikizamini cyimbaraga.
4.4 Umutwe Incamake
1. Kubintu byinshi byamazi ya minisiteri, hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyaka, igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro zigira icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka; kwishyiriraho HPMC bifite ingaruka zigaragara zo kugabanya imbaraga (kugabanuka kwingufu zo kwikuramo biragaragara cyane), ibyo bikaba binaganisha ku kugabanuka kwikigereranyo cyo kwikuramo, bivuze ko HPMC ifite ubufasha bugaragara mukuzamura ubukana bwa minisiteri. . Kubijyanye nimbaraga ziminsi itatu, isazi yifu nifu ya minerval birashobora gutanga umusanzu muke kumbaraga kuri 10%, mugihe imbaraga zigabanuka kumupanga mwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo guhonyora cyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyunyu ngugu; mumbaraga ziminsi irindwi, Ibivanze byombi nta ngaruka nini bigira ku mbaraga, ariko ingaruka rusange yo kugabanya imbaraga zivu zisazi ziracyagaragara; ukurikije imbaraga ziminsi 28, ibivanze byombi byagize uruhare mumbaraga, guhonyora no guhinduka. Byombi byariyongereyeho gato, ariko igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo cyiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo.
2. Kuri 28d imbaraga zo kwikuramo no guhuza imbaraga za minisiteri ihujwe, mugihe ibiyivanze ari 20%, imbaraga zo guhonyora no guhuza imbaraga nibyiza, kandi kuvanga biracyatuma habaho kwiyongera gake mubipimo byikubye inshuro, byerekana Ingaruka zabyo. Ingaruka ku gukomera kwa minisiteri; HPMC itera kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu, ariko irashobora kugabanya cyane igipimo cyo kwikuramo inshuro.
3. Kubireba imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri ihujwe, HPMC igira ingaruka nziza kumbaraga zubumwe. Isesengura rigomba kuba uko ingaruka zayo zo gufata amazi zigabanya gutakaza ubuhehere bwa minisiteri kandi bigatuma amazi menshi ahagije; Isano iri hagati yibirimo bivanze ntabwo isanzwe, kandi imikorere rusange ni nziza hamwe na sima ya sima mugihe ibirimo ari 10%.
Igice cya 5 Uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo Mortar na beto
Muri iki gice, harasabwa uburyo bwo guhanura imbaraga zibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima bishingiye kubikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa hamwe na FERET imbaraga. Turabanza gutekereza kuri minisiteri nkubwoko bwihariye bwa beto idafite igiteranyo cyuzuye.
Birazwi neza ko imbaraga zo guhonyora ari ikimenyetso cyingenzi kubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima (beto na minisiteri) bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka. Ariko, kubera ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka, nta moderi yimibare ishobora guhanura neza ubukana bwayo. Ibi bitera kubangamira igishushanyo mbonera, gukora no gukoresha minisiteri na beto. Ingero zisanzwe zingufu zifatika zifite inyungu zazo nibibi: bamwe bahanura imbaraga za beto binyuze mubyiza bya beto duhereye kubitekerezo rusange byerekana ububi bwibikoresho bikomeye; bamwe bibanda ku ngaruka zumubano wamazi uhuza imbaraga. Uru rupapuro ruhuza cyane cyane coefficente yibikorwa ya pozzolanic ivanze nimbaraga za Feret, kandi ikagira ibyo ihindura kugirango irusheho kuba ukuri guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo.
5.1 Igitekerezo cyimbaraga za Feret
Muri 1892, Feret yashyizeho icyitegererezo cyambere cyimibare yo guhanura imbaraga zo kwikuramo. Hishimikijwe ibikoresho fatizo byatanzwe, formula yo guhanura imbaraga zifatika zisabwa kunshuro yambere.
Ibyiza by'iyi formula ni uko kwibanda kwa grout, bifitanye isano n'imbaraga zifatika, bifite ibisobanuro bifatika byumubiri. Muri icyo gihe, harebwa ingaruka ziterwa nibirere, kandi ukuri kwa formula kurashobora kugaragara kumubiri. Impamvu yiyi formula ni uko igaragaza amakuru ko hari imipaka yimbaraga zifatika zishobora kuboneka. Ingaruka ni uko yirengagiza ingaruka zingana zingana, imiterere yingingo nubwoko rusange. Iyo uhanuye imbaraga za beto kumyaka itandukanye muguhindura K agaciro, isano iri hagati yimbaraga zitandukanye nimyaka bigaragazwa nkurutonde rwo gutandukana binyuze mumihuzabikorwa. Gukata ntibihuye nibintu bifatika (cyane cyane iyo imyaka ari ndende). Birumvikana ko iyi formulaire yatanzwe na Feret yagenewe minisiteri ya 10.20MPa. Ntishobora guhuza neza nogutezimbere imbaraga zifatika zo guhonyora hamwe ningaruka zo kongera ibice bitewe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya beto.
Hano harebwa ko imbaraga za beto (cyane cyane kuri beto zisanzwe) ahanini ziterwa nimbaraga za minisiteri ya sima muri beto, kandi imbaraga za minima ya sima ziterwa nubucucike bwa paste ya sima, ni ukuvuga ijanisha ryijwi y'ibikoresho bya simaitima muri paste.
Igitekerezo gifitanye isano rya hafi ningaruka ziterwa nubusa ku mbaraga. Ariko, kubera ko igitekerezo cyashyizwe ahagaragara mbere, ntabwo harebwa uruhare rwibigize uruvange ku mbaraga zifatika. Urebye ibi, iyi mpapuro izamenyekanisha coeffisente yingirakamaro ishingiye kubikorwa byo gukosora igice. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe kuri iyi formulaire, coefficient de coiffe de positif ku mbaraga zifatika irubakwa.
5.2 Coefficient y'ibikorwa
Coefficient yibikorwa, Kp, ikoreshwa mugusobanura ingaruka zibikoresho bya pozzolanic ku mbaraga zo kwikuramo. Biragaragara, biterwa na miterere yibikoresho bya pozzolanic ubwayo, ariko kandi no kumyaka ya beto. Ihame ryo kumenya coefficient yibikorwa ni ukugereranya imbaraga zo gukomeretsa za minisiteri isanzwe nimbaraga zo gukomeretsa zindi minisiteri hamwe n’imvange ya pozzolanic no gusimbuza sima nubwiza bungana bwa sima (igihugu p nikizamini cya coefficient yibikorwa. Koresha surrogate ijanisha). Ikigereranyo cyizi mbaraga zombi cyitwa ibikorwa coefficient fO), aho t ni imyaka ya minisiteri mugihe cyo kwipimisha. Niba fO) iri munsi ya 1, ibikorwa bya pozzolan ntabwo biri munsi ya sima r. Ibinyuranye, niba fO) irenze 1, pozzolan ifite reaction nyinshi (ibi bikunze kubaho iyo fume ya silika yongeyeho).
Kubikorwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa byiminsi 28 yo kwikomeretsa, ukurikije ((GBT18046.2008 Ifu ya granulated blast itanura slag ifu ikoreshwa muri sima na beto) H90, coefficente yibikorwa bya feri yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi iri mubutaka bwa sima. byabonetse mugusimbuza sima 50% hashingiwe ku kizamini ukurikije ((GBT1596.2005 Ivu ryisazi rikoreshwa muri sima na beto), coefficente yibikorwa by ivu ryisazi iboneka nyuma yo gusimbuza sima 30% hashingiwe kubutaka busanzwe bwa sima; ikizamini Ukurikije “GB.T27690.2011 Fume ya Silica ya Mortar na beto”, coefficente yibikorwa ya fume ya silika ni igipimo cyimbaraga zabonetse mugusimbuza sima 10% hashingiwe kubizamini bisanzwe bya sima.
Mubisanzwe, ifu ya granile itanura ifu ya Klag = 0.95～1.10, iguruka ivu Kp = 0.7-1.05, silika fume Kp = 1.00～1.15. Dufata ko ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga zidashingiye kuri sima. Nukuvuga ko uburyo bwa reaction ya pozzolanic bugomba kugenzurwa nubushake bwa pozzolan, ntabwo bigengwa nigipimo cyimvura ya sima hydrata.
5.3 Ingaruka ya coefficient yo guhuza imbaraga
5.4 Ingaruka coefficient yo gukoresha amazi kumbaraga
5.5 Ingaruka ya coefficente yibintu byose hamwe
Dukurikije ibitekerezo by’abarimu PK Mehta na PC Aitcin muri Amerika, kugira ngo bagere ku mikorere myiza n’imbaraga za HPC icyarimwe, igipimo cy’imisemburo ya sima hamwe na hamwe kigomba kuba 35:65 [4810] Kuberako ya plastike rusange na fluidity Igiteranyo cya agregate ya beto ntabwo ihinduka cyane. Igihe cyose imbaraga zifatizo zifatizo ubwazo zujuje ibisabwa kugirango zisobanurwe, ingaruka ziterwa nigiteranyo cyimbaraga zose ntizirengagizwa, kandi igice rusange cyuzuye gishobora kugenwa muri 60-70% ukurikije ibisabwa bidatinze. .
Byizerwa mubyukuri ko igipimo cyibintu byiza hamwe nibintu byiza bizagira ingaruka runaka kumbaraga za beto. Nkuko twese tubizi, igice cyintege nke muri beto ni intera yinzibacyuho hagati ya agregate na sima nibindi bikoresho bya sima. Kubwibyo, kunanirwa kwanyuma kwa beto isanzwe biterwa no kwangirika kwambere kwimiterere yinzibacyuho ihangayikishijwe nimpamvu nkumutwaro cyangwa ihinduka ryubushyuhe. biterwa niterambere rihoraho ryimyanya. Kubwibyo, iyo urwego rwa hydration rusa, nini intera yimbere yinzibacyuho, niko byoroha gutangira kwambere gukura mugihe kirekire binyuze mumutwe nyuma yo guhangayika. Nukuvuga ko, uko igiteranyo cyinshi hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwa geometrike nubunzani bunini muri zone yinzibacyuho, niko amahirwe menshi yo guhangayikishwa cyane no guturika kwambere, kandi macroscopique yerekanaga ko imbaraga zifatika ziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi. Ikigereranyo. yagabanutse. Nyamara, ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru ni uko bisabwa kuba umucanga wo hagati urimo ibyondo bike cyane.
Igipimo cyumucanga nacyo kigira ingaruka runaka kumanuka. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyumucanga gishobora kugenwa nibisabwa kugabanuka, kandi birashobora kugenwa muri 32% kugeza 46% kuri beto isanzwe.
Ingano nubwinshi bwimvange hamwe namabuye y'agaciro bigenwa no kugerageza kuvanga. Muri beto isanzwe, ingano yimyunyu ngugu igomba kuba munsi ya 40%, mugihe muri beto ikomeye cyane, umwotsi wa silika ntugomba kurenga 10%. Umubare wa sima ntugomba kurenza 500kg / m3.
5.6 Gushyira mubikorwa ubu buryo bwo guhanura kuyobora kuyobora kugereranya kubara urugero
Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe ni ibi bikurikira:
Isima ni sima ya E042.5 yakozwe n’uruganda rwa sima rwa Lubi, Umujyi wa Laiwu, Intara ya Shandong, kandi ubucucike bwayo ni 3.19 / cm3;
Isazi yisazi nicyiciro cya kabiri cyumupira wakozwe na Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, naho coefficient yibikorwa ni O. 828, ubucucike bwayo ni 2.59 / cm3;
Umwotsi wa silika wakozwe na Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ufite coeffisiyoneri yibikorwa ya 1.10 n'ubucucike bwa 2.59 / cm3;
Umusenyi wumugezi wumye wa Taian ufite ubucucike bwa 2,6 g / cm3, ubwinshi bwa 1480kg / m3, hamwe na modulus nziza ya Mx = 2.8;
Jinan Ganggou itanga amabuye yumye 5 -25mm yumye hamwe nubucucike bwa 1500kg / m3 nubucucike bwa 2.7∥cm3;
Igikoresho cyo kugabanya amazi yakoreshejwe nikintu cyakozwe na alifatique yo mu rwego rwo hejuru igabanya amazi, ikagabanya amazi ya 20%; dosiye yihariye igenwa mubigeragezo ukurikije ibisabwa byo gusinzira. Gutegura igeragezwa rya C30 beto, gusinzira birasabwa kurenza 90mm.
1. Imbaraga zo gushiraho
2. Ubwiza bwumucanga
3. Kumenya Ibintu Byingaruka za buri Cyerekezo
4. Saba gukoresha amazi
5. Igipimo cyibikoresho bigabanya amazi byahinduwe ukurikije ibisabwa byo gusinzira. Igipimo ni 1%, na Ma = 4kg byongewe kumubare.
6. Muri ubu buryo, igipimo cyo kubara kiboneka
7. Nyuma yo kugerageza kuvanga, irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa. Imbaraga zapimwe 28d zo kwikuramo ni 39.32MPa, yujuje ibisabwa.
5.7 Umutwe Incamake
Ku bijyanye no kwirengagiza imikoranire y’imvange ya I na F, twaganiriye ku coeffisiyoneri yibikorwa hamwe nimbaraga za Feret, kandi twabonye imbaraga zimpamvu nyinshi ku mbaraga zifatika:
1 Ibikoresho bifatika bifatika
2 Ingaruka coefficient yo gukoresha amazi
3 Coefficient ya coefficient yibigize byose
Kugereranya nyabyo. Byaragenzuwe ko uburyo bwa 28d bwo guhanura imbaraga za beto zatejwe imbere na coefficient yibikorwa hamwe nimbaraga za Feret zihuye neza nukuri uko ibintu bimeze, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora itegurwa rya minisiteri na beto.
Igice cya 6 Umwanzuro hamwe nu bitekerezo
6.1 Imyanzuro nyamukuru
Igice cya mbere kigereranya byimazeyo igeragezwa ryamazi meza na minisiteri yimyunyu ngugu itandukanye ivanze nubwoko butatu bwa selile ya selile, ugasanga amategeko yingenzi akurikira:
1. Cellulose ether ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kudindiza no kwinjiza umwuka. Muri byo, CMC ifite ingaruka nke zo gufata amazi kuri dosiye nkeya, kandi ifite igihombo runaka mugihe; mugihe HPMC ifite amazi meza yo kugumana no kubyibuha, bigabanya cyane umuvuduko wamazi meza na minisiteri, kandi Ingaruka yibyuka bya HPMC hamwe nubwiza bwinshi bwizina iragaragara gato.
2.Mu byongeweho, amazi yambere nisaha nigice cyamazi yisazi yisazi kumashanyarazi asukuye hamwe na minisiteri yatejwe imbere kurwego runaka. Ibice 30% biri mubizamini bisukuye birashobora kwiyongera kuri 30mm; umuvuduko w'ifu ya minerval isukuye neza na minisiteri Nta tegeko rigaragara rifite imbaraga; nubwo ibirimo umwotsi wa silika ari muke, ultra-finine idasanzwe, reaction yihuse, hamwe na adsorption ikomeye ituma igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanuka kumazi meza asukuye na minisiteri, cyane cyane iyo ivanze na 0.15 Iyo% HPMC, hazabaho a phenomenon ko cone ipfa ntishobora kuzuzwa. Ugereranije n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya slurry isukuye, usanga ingaruka zo kuvanga mukizamini cya minisiteri zikunda gucika intege. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura kuva amaraso, ivu ryisazi nifu ya minerval ntabwo bigaragara. Umwotsi wa Silica urashobora kugabanya cyane ubwinshi bwamaraso, ariko ntabwo bifasha kugabanya umuvuduko wa minisiteri no gutakaza igihe, kandi biroroshye kugabanya igihe cyo gukora.
3. Muburyo butandukanye bwimpinduka za dosiye, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumazi ya sima ishingiye kuri sima, dosiye ya HPMC na silika fume nibintu byingenzi, haba mugucunga amaraso no kugenzura imiterere yimigezi, biragaragara. Ingaruka y ivu ryamakara nifu ya minerval ni ibya kabiri kandi bigira uruhare runini rwo guhindura.
. Ariko, mugihe ibikubiye muri HPMC bigeze hejuru ya 0.1%, bitewe nubukonje bwinshi bwibisebe, ibibyimba ntibishobora kuguma mubitotsi. kurengerwa. Hazabaho ibibyimba hejuru ya minisiteri ifite amazi ari hejuru ya 250ram, ariko itsinda ryambaye ubusa ridafite selile ya ether muri rusange ntirigira ibibyimba cyangwa umubare muto cyane wibibyimba, byerekana ko ether ya selile ifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zangiza ikirere kandi igakora ibicucu. viscous. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubukonje bukabije bwa minisiteri ifite amazi mabi, biragoye ko imyuka yo mu kirere ireremba bitewe ningaruka zo kwikorera uburemere bwa slurry, ariko ikagumana muri minisiteri, kandi ingaruka zayo ku mbaraga ntizishobora. birengagijwe.
Igice cya II Ibikoresho bya Mortar
1. Kumashanyarazi menshi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyaka, igipimo cyo guhonyora gifite icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka; kwiyongera kwa HPMC bifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya imbaraga (kugabanuka kwingufu zo kwikuramo biragaragara cyane), ibyo nabyo biganisha ku guhonyora Kugabanuka kwikigereranyo, ni ukuvuga, HPMC ifite ubufasha bugaragara mukuzamura ubukana bwa minisiteri. Kubijyanye nimbaraga ziminsi itatu, isazi yifu nifu ya minerval birashobora gutanga umusanzu muke kumbaraga kuri 10%, mugihe imbaraga zigabanuka kumupanga mwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo guhonyora cyiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwimyunyu ngugu; mumbaraga ziminsi irindwi, Ibivanze byombi nta ngaruka nini bigira ku mbaraga, ariko ingaruka rusange yo kugabanya imbaraga zivu zisazi ziracyagaragara; ukurikije imbaraga ziminsi 28, ibivanze byombi byagize uruhare mumbaraga, guhonyora no guhinduka. Byombi byariyongereyeho gato, ariko igipimo cyumuvuduko wikigereranyo cyiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo.
2. Kubwimbaraga za 28d zo gukanda no guhindagurika kwa minisiteri ihujwe, mugihe ibiyivanze ari 20%, imbaraga zo guhonyora no guhindagurika nibyiza, kandi kuvanga biracyatuma habaho kwiyongera gake mubipimo byo kwikuramo inshuro, bikerekana Ingaruka kuri minisiteri. Ingaruka mbi zo gukomera; HPMC itera kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu.
3. Kubireba imbaraga zububiko bwa minisiteri ihujwe, HPMC igira ingaruka nziza kumbaraga zubumwe. Isesengura rigomba kuba uko ingaruka zayo zo gufata amazi zigabanya gutakaza amazi muri minisiteri kandi bigatuma amazi menshi ahagije. Imbaraga zubusabane zijyanye no kuvanga. Isano iri hagati ya dosiye ntabwo isanzwe, kandi imikorere rusange ni nziza hamwe na sima ya minima mugihe dosiye ari 10%.
4. mugihe HPMC ishobora kugabanya neza igabanuka ryikubye inshuro kandi igateza imbere ubukana bwa minisiteri, ariko biraterwa no kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu zo kwikuramo.
5. Amazi yuzuye nibisabwa imbaraga, HPMC ya 0.1% irakwiriye. Iyo ivu ryisazi rikoreshwa muburyo bwa minisiteri yubaka cyangwa ikomezwa bisaba gukomera byihuse nimbaraga zambere, dosiye ntigomba kuba ndende cyane, kandi dosiye ntarengwa ni 10%. Ibisabwa; urebye ibintu nkubunini buke bwimyunyu ngugu na silika fume, bigomba kugenzurwa kuri 10% na n 3%. Ingaruka zivanga hamwe na selile ya etulire ntaho ihuriye cyane, hamwe
bigira ingaruka zigenga.
Igice cya gatatu Mugihe cyo kwirengagiza imikoranire hagati yimvange, binyuze mukuganira kubijyanye nigikorwa cyibikorwa byimyunyu ngugu hamwe nimbaraga za Feret, amategeko agenga ingaruka yibintu byinshi ku mbaraga za beto (minisiteri) arabonetse:
1. Coefficient yingirakamaro yimyunyu ngugu
2. Ingaruka zingirakamaro zo gukoresha amazi
3. Ingaruka zingirakamaro zo guhuriza hamwe
4. Kugereranya nyirizina byerekana ko uburyo bwa 28d bwo guhanura imbaraga za beto zatejwe imbere na coefficient yibikorwa hamwe na Feret imbaraga zingirakamaro zihuye neza nukuri uko ibintu bimeze, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora itegurwa rya minisiteri na beto.
6.2 Ibibuze n'ibiteganijwe
Uru rupapuro rwiga cyane cyane ibintu byamazi hamwe nubukanishi bwa paste isukuye na minisiteri ya binary cimentité sisitemu. Ingaruka ningaruka byibikorwa bihuriweho nibikoresho byinshi bya simaitima bigomba gukomeza kwigwa. Muburyo bwikizamini, guhora kwa minisiteri no gutondeka birashobora gukoreshwa. Ingaruka ya selulose ether kumurongo no kugumana amazi ya minisiteri yizwe nurwego rwa selile. Byongeye kandi, microstructure ya minisiteri munsi yibikorwa bya selile ya ether na minerval minerval nayo igomba kwigwa.
Cellulose ether ubu nimwe mubintu byingirakamaro byingirakamaro bya minisiteri zitandukanye. Ingaruka nziza yo gufata amazi yongerera igihe cyo gukora cya minisiteri, bigatuma minisiteri igira thixotropy nziza, kandi ikanakomera ubukana bwa minisiteri. Nibyoroshye kubaka; hamwe no gukoresha ivu ryifu nifu yifu nkimyanda yinganda muri minisiteri nayo ishobora guteza inyungu zikomeye mubukungu nibidukikije
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-29-2022