N'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, apịtị dị iche iche (ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta ihe) bụ ihe ndị bụ isi iji hụ na ọ na-aga nke ọma nke usoro ịkụ ihe. Karịsịa na gburugburu ebe obibi dị mgbagwoju anya, nhọrọ na nkwadebe nke apịtị apịtị na-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na arụmọrụ, nchekwa na njikwa ọnụ ahịa nke ịrụ ọrụ ịkụ ala. mmetụta kpọmkwem.Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)bụ ihe sitere n'okike cellulose nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ihe mgbakwunye n'ịgba apịtị. Ọ nwere ezi ndim, rheology, mgbochi mmetọ Njirimara na elu Environmentally mma, ọ na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na-egwupụta mmiri mmiri usoro.
1. Njirimara na usoro kemịkalụ nke HEC
HEC bụ mmiri na-agbaze mmiri, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ. Cellulose emezigharịrị kemịkalụ na-ewebata otu hydroxyethyl n'ime usoro ihe omimi ya, si otú a na-etolite mmetụta siri ike na mmiri solubility. Ngwa nke HEC na-egwupụta mmiri na-adabere na otu hydrophilic (hydroxyl na hydroxyethyl otu) n'ime agbụ molekụla ya. Ndị otu a nwere ike ịmepụta ezigbo netwọk mmekọrịta hydrogen na ngwọta mmiri, na-enye ihe ngwọta viscosity-amụba ihe. .
2. Isi ọrụ HEC na-egwupụta apịtị
mmetụta gị n'ụlọnga
Otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke HEC na-egwupụta mmiri bụ dị ka onye na-agba mmiri. Àgwà ọma viscosity dị elu nke HEC nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta mmiri, na-ahụ na mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta ihe nwere ikike nkwado zuru oke iji nyere aka na-ebu mkpụkọ na ihe ndị dị n'ájá ma na-ebufe ihe mkpofu site na ala nke olulu mmiri ruo n'elu. Ịbawanye viscosity nke mmiri mmiri na-egwupụta ihe na-enyekwara aka ibelata esemokwu na mgbidi dị n'ime nke ọkpọ mmiri ahụ, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke ọma. Na mgbakwunye, ihe ọkụkụ siri ike nke HEC na viscosity kwụsiri ike na-enyere ya aka iru nsonaazụ dị mma na obere mkpokọta, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mkpọpu nke ọma.
Ọrụ nke onye na-ahụ maka njikwa ọnwụ mmiri
N'oge a na-egwupụta ihe, ịchịkwa mmiri na-efunahụ nke mmiri na-egwupụta ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa. Mbelata mmiri mmiri dị oke mkpa maka idowe nkwụsi ike nke mgbidi olulu mmiri ahụ iji gbochie ịbanye oke mmiri apịtị n'ime nguzobe, na-akpata ndakpọ ma ọ bụ enweghị mgbidi nke ọma. N'ihi na ya mma hydration Njirimara, HEC nwere ike na-etolite a ok oyi akwa nke nzacha achicha na olulu mmiri mgbidi, mbenata penetration ọnụego nke mmiri na mkpọpu mmiri mmiri n'ime e guzobere, si otú n'ụzọ dị irè ịchịkwa mmiri mmiri ọnwụ nke apịtị. Achịcha nzacha a abụghị naanị nwere ezigbo ike na ike, kamakwa ọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe na ọkwa dị iche iche geological, si otú a na-ejigide nkwụsi ike nke mgbidi olulu mmiri na olulu mmiri miri emi na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu.
Ndị ọrụ rheological na njikwa eruba
HEC na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịhazi mmiri na-egwupụta apịtị. The rheology nke mkpọpu mmiri mmiri na-ezo aka ya nrụrụ ma ọ bụ eruba ike n'okpuru omume nke shiee nrụgide. Nke ka mma nke rheology, ka ihe kachasị mma nke mmiri na-egwupụta ihe bụ na-ebunye nrụgide na iburu mkpụrụ osisi n'oge usoro ịkụ ihe. HEC nwere ike ịhazigharị akụrụngwa rheological nke mmiri na-egwupụta mmiri site n'ịgbanwe viscosity na fluidity ya, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye mmetụta dilution nke apịtị ahụ, na-ekwe ka apịtị ahụ na-asọba nke ọma na ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ ma na-eme ka mmetụta lubrication nke apịtị dịkwuo mma. Karịsịa na usoro mkpọpu nke olulu mmiri miri emi na olulu mmiri kwụ ọtọ, mmetụta mgbanwe rheological nke HEC dị mkpa karịsịa.
Nhicha nke ọma n'olulu mmiri
Mmetụta siri ike nke HEC ọ bụghị nanị na-enye aka na ike nke igwu mmiri na-ebu ma kwụsịtụ igbutu osisi, ma na-enye aka mee ka ịdị ọcha nke olulu mmiri dị ọcha. N'oge a na-egwupụta ihe, a ga-emepụta nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi na olulu mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na apịtị enweghị ike ịme ihe ndị a nke ọma, ha nwere ike ịgbakọta na ala nke olulu mmiri ahụ wee mepụta sedimenti oghere nke ala, si otú ahụ na-abawanye nkwụsị nke ntanye ahụ ma na-emetụta ọganihu nke ịkụ ala. N'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke ọma, HEC nwere ike inyere apịtị ahụ aka ịkwụsịtụ ma na-ebufe ihe ọkụkụ nke ọma, si otú ahụ hụ na ịdị ọcha nke olulu mmiri na-egbochi nchịkọta nke sedimenti.
Mgbochi mmetọ mmetụta
N'oge a na-egwupụta ihe, a na-ebutekarị apịtị site na mineral dị iche iche na mmiri na-emepụta ihe, na-akpata ọdịda apịtị. Ihe mgbochi mmetọ nke HEC bụ uru ọzọ dị mkpa. HEC kwụsiri ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ pH dị iche iche ma nwee ikike mgbochi mgbochi siri ike na ion multivalent dị ka calcium na magnesium, nke na-enye ya ohere ịnọgide na-enwe viscosity kwụsiri ike na mmetụta na-abawanye na nhazi nke nwere mineral, si otú ahụ belata Nke a na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ịkụ ala mmiri ọdịda na a. gburugburu ebe obibi emetọọ.
Enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe na-emebi emebi
Ebe ọ bụ naHECbụ ihe okike polymer, ọ nwere ezigbo biodegradaability na enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihe gbasara iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, njirimara biodegradability nke HEC na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. HEC agaghị ebute mmetọ dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge a na-eji ya eme ihe, ọ gaghị enwekwa mmetụta ọjọọ na ala na mmiri ala mgbe e mebiri emebi. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye dị elu na gburugburu ebe obibi.
3. Ihe ịma aka na mmepe n'ọdịnihu na ngwa HEC
Ọ bụ ezie na HEC nwere uru dị iche iche n'ịgba ụrọ, arụ ọrụ ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikpo ọkụ dị oke ọkụ dị ka okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide kwesịrị ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, HEC nwere ike ịdaba nbibi na okpomọkụ dị elu, na-eme ka apịtị ahụ hapụ viscosity na mmetụta dị nro. Ya mere, iji rụọ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe a na-egwupụta ihe dị mgbagwoju anya na nke siri ike, nchọpụta n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya amalitela ilekwasị anya n'ịgbanwe HEC iji meziwanye nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ya na nrụgide nrụgide dị elu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'iwebata ndị ọrụ na-ejikọta ọnụ, ndị na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu na ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-eme mgbanwe nke kemịkalụ n'ime HEC molecular chain, arụ ọrụ nke HEC n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị oke egwu nwere ike imeziwanye ma mee ka ọ dị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-achọsi ike.
Dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịkụ ala apịtị, HEC na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịgba injinia n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ukwuu, mgbochi filtration, ngbanwe rheological, mgbochi mmetọ na àgwà enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ọdịnihu, dị ka mkpọpu ihe omimi na mgbagwoju anya na-abawanye, ọrụ chọrọ maka HEC ga-abawanye. Site n'ịkwalite ma gbanwee HEC, a ga-agbasawanye ohere itinye ya n'ime mmiri mmiri iji gboo mkpa nke gburugburu ebe a na-egwupụta ihe siri ike. .
Oge nzipu: Nov-14-2024