Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ka mortar wet-mixed a me ka mortar maloʻo e like me ke ʻano hana. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka wai i hui pū ʻia me ka wai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mortar maloʻo. Nui nā mea maka i komo i loko o ka mīkini paʻipaʻi mākaukau. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea cementitious, aggregates, a me nā mineral admixtures, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā admixtures e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona plasticity, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a me ke kūlike. Nui nā ʻano mea hoʻohui no ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex pauka, bentonite, etc. mai ka haku mele; hiki ke maheleia i ea-entraining agent, stabilizer, anti-cracking fiber, Retarder, accelerator, water reducer, dispersant, etc. Keia 'atikala loiloi i ka holomua noiʻi o kekahi mau mea hoʻohana mau admixtures i loko o mākaukau-mixed mortar.
1 Nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau no ka hamo i hoʻohui ʻia
1.1 Ea-entraining agent
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea he mea hana ikaika, aʻo nāʻano maʻamau e pili ana i nā resins rosin, alkyl a me alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i ka mortar, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pūʻulu hydrophilic o ka molekele hoʻoheheʻe ea me nā ʻāpana sima, aʻo ka hui hydrophobic e hoʻopili ʻia me nā ea liʻiliʻi. A hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia i loko o ka mortar, i mea e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ke kaʻina hana hydration mua o ka sima, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka nalowale o ka paʻa, a i ka manawa like, hiki i nā ea liʻiliʻi ke pāʻani i kahi hana lubricating, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pumpability a me ka sprayability o ka mortar.
Hoʻokomo ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i ka nui o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mortar, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka wā o ka pumping a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a hoʻemi i ke ʻano clogging; ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e hōʻemi i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar Performance, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka mortar, hoʻonui ka nalowale o ka hana ikaika o ka paʻa; hoʻomaikaʻi ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka ea i nā hōʻailona hana e like me ka mortar consistency, 2h consistency loss rate and water retention rate, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mīkini, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kumu i ka nalowale o ka ikaika compressive mortar a me ka paʻa. ikaika.
Hōʻike ka noiʻi me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ka momona momona o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ea a me ke kūlike o ka mortar, a me ka pae paʻa o ka wai. e emi ana ka ikaika compressive; ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me ka cellulose ether a me ka ea-entraining agent ma hope o ka hui ʻana i ka ea-entraining agent a me cellulose ether, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka adaptability o nā mea ʻelua. Hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻopau i kekahi mau mea hoʻokomo ea, no laila e hoʻemi ai ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea, ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua i kekahi mau mana i nā waiwai o ka mortar. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka shrinkage o ka mortar, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka nui o ka shrinkage o ka mortar. Hiki iā lāua ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka haki ʻana o ke apo momi. Ke hui pū ʻia nā mea ʻelua, ʻaʻole e loli nui ka shrinkage rate o ka mortar, a hoʻonui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ka māwae.
1.2 Ka pauda latex hiki ke ho'opalapala
ʻO ka pauka latex redispersible he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mortar pauka maloʻo prefabricated i kēia lā. ʻO ia ka wai-soluble organic polymer i hana ʻia e ka high-molecular polymer emulsion ma o ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka emulsion i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pauka latex hou i loko o ka mortar sima e hana i kahi ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer i loko o ka mortar, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki o ka mortar sima ke pale aku i ka pōʻino.
Hiki i ka pauka latex redispersible ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka elasticity a me ka paʻakikī o ka mea, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana kahe o ka mortar hou i hui pū ʻia, a loaʻa kekahi hopena hoʻemi wai. Ua ʻimi kāna hui i ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻōla i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa o ka mortar.
Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi i ka wā o ka nui o ka pauka lāʻau i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka laulā o 1.0% a 1.5%, ʻoi aku ke kaulike o nā waiwai o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pauka lāʻau. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka pauka latex redispersible i ka sima, hoʻolohi ka hydration rate mua o ka sima, hoʻopili ke kiʻi polymer i nā ʻāpana sima, hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka sima, a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole. ʻO ka hui ʻana i ka pauka latex redispersible i loko o ka momi sima hiki ke hōʻemi i ka wai, a hiki i ka pauka latex a me ka sima ke hana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar, e hoʻemi i nā hakahaka o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar.
I loko o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻo 1: 2.5 ka ratio lime-sand paʻa, ʻo (70±5) mm ke kūlike, a ua koho ʻia ka nui o ka pauka lāʻau e like me 0-3% o ka lime-sand mass. ʻO nā hoʻololi i nā waiwai microscopic o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia i nā lā 28 i kālailai ʻia e SEM, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻiʻo o ka pauka latex redispersed, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau i ka polymer film i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka huahana hydration mortar, a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka mortar.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ka mortar sima, e hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana polymer a me ka sima e hana i kahi papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kekahi, a e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka hydration, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ikaika tensile paʻa a me ke kūkulu ʻana. o ka momi insulation thermal. hoʻokō.
1.3 Pauda mānoanoa
ʻO ka hana o ka pauka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana piha o ka mortar. He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole i ka ea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā ʻano mea like ʻole, polymers organik, surfactants a me nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pauka mānoanoa ka pauka latex redispersible, bentonite, ka pauka mineral inorganic, ka mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he hopena adsorption i nā molekole wai kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka paʻa ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi. nā sima like ʻole. Hiki i ka hoʻohālikelike ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar. Ua aʻo ʻo Cao Chun et al i ka hopena o ka pauka mānoanoa HJ-C2 i ka hana ʻana o ka mortar maʻamau i hui pū ʻia me ka maloʻo, a ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka hopena liʻiliʻi o ka pauda mānoanoa i ka kūlike a me ka ikaika compressive 28d o ka mortar maʻamau i hui pū ʻia, a ʻaʻohe hopena liʻiliʻi i ka delamination o ka mortar Aia kahi hopena maikaʻi aʻe. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka mana o ka pauka mānoanoa a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma nā ʻenekini kino a me nā mechanical a me ka lōʻihi o ka mortar hou ma lalo o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka mortar hou ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauda mānoanoa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka latex redispersible e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar, e hōʻemi i ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether a me nā mea mineral inorganic e hoʻemi i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar; Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ka hopena i ka lōʻihi o ka mortar mix maloʻo, e hoʻonui ai i ka emi ʻana o ka mortar. ʻO Wang Jun et al. ua aʻo i ka mana o ka bentonite a me ka cellulose ether ma nā hōʻailona hana like ʻole o ka mortar mākaukau. Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana mortar maikaʻi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka bentonite ma kahi o 10kg / m3, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ratio o ka cellulose ether. ʻO ka dosage maikaʻi loa he 0.05% o ka nui o nā mea cementitious. Ma kēia ratio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pauka mānoanoa i hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻelua i ka hana piha o ka mortar.
1.4 Cellulose Etera
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka cellulose ether mai ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pā hale kanu e ka mea mahiʻai Farani ʻo Anselme Payon i nā makahiki 1830. Hana ʻia ia ma ka hana ʻana i ka cellulose mai ka lāʻau a me ka pulupulu me ka soda caustic, a laila hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka hopena kemika. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana o ka wai a me nā hopena mānoanoa o ka cellulose ether, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka cellulose ether i ka sima hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar hou. I loko o nā mea hana sima, ʻo nā ʻano mea maʻamau o cellulose ether ka methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ka mea nui loa. hoʻohana mau ʻia.
He mana nui ko Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) i ka wai, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar self-leveling. Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ke kūlike o ka mortar, a pāʻani i kahi hopena hoʻomaha maikaʻi; i ka manawa o ka nui o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma waena o 0.02% a me 0.04%, ua emi loa ka ikaika o ka pahū. Hoʻokani ka cellulose ether i ka hopena ea a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana o ka mortar. ʻO kona paʻa wai e hoʻemi i ka stratification o ka mortar a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar. He mea hoʻohui ia e hiki ai ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar; noiʻi I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa, e piʻi nui ka ea o ka mortar, e hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka density, ka nalowale o ka ikaika a me ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, a i ka manawa like he hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai nui i ka mortar. Hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka hui mortar, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika flexural a compressive. hoemi. ʻO ka cellulose ether a me ka starch ether ʻelua mau mea hoʻohui maʻamau no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka momi.
Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano nui o nā cellulose ethers, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana molekala, e hopena i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka hana o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka ikaika o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia me ka cellulose ether me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe he haʻahaʻa. Ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether, ʻo ka ikaika compressive o ka slurry cement e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei ka ikaika flexural i ka piʻi ʻana, ka emi ʻana, ka paʻa a me ka paʻa. Hoʻonui iki i ke kaʻina hoʻololi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-02-2023