ʻO Thickener, i ʻike ʻia ʻo gelling agent, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka paʻi a i ʻole ke kāpili meaʻai ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai. ʻO kāna hana nui ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana waiwai, mālama i ka ʻōnaehana waiwai i kahi kūlana hoʻomaha a paʻa a i ʻole emulsified state, a i ʻole e hana i kahi gel. Hiki i nā mea mānoanoa ke hoʻonui koke i ka viscosity o ka huahana ke hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hana o nā mānoanoa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao macromolecular e hoʻokō ai i nā kumu mānoanoa a i ʻole e hana i nā micelles a me ka wai e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻekolu-dimensional e mānoanoa. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka ʻelemakule wikiwiki a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai, nā uhi, adhesives, cosmetics, detergents, paʻi ʻana a me ke kala, ʻimi ʻaila, rubber, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mānoanoa mua loa, ʻo ia ka pulupulu maoli hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, akā ua kaupalena ʻia kāna noi ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna ʻano nui a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ka mānoanoa lua o ka hanauna he emulsification thickener, ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻaila-wai emulsification thickener, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kekahi mau ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, pono nā emulsifying thickeners e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka kerosene, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaumia wale i ke kaiapuni, akā e kau pū kekahi i nā pōʻino palekana i ka hana a me ka noi. Ma muli o kēia mau pilikia, ua puka mai nā mānoanoa synthetic, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mānoanoa synthetic i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka copolymerization o nā monomers hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e like me ka waikawa acrylic a me ka nui kūpono o nā monomer cross-linking ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia.
ʻAno mānoanoa a me ka mīkini mānoanoa
Nui nā ʻano mānoanoa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā polymers inorganic a me nā polymers, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā polymers kūlohelohe i nā polymers kūlohelohe a me nā polymers synthetic.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mānoanoa polymer maoli he polysaccharides, nona ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ka mea nui me ka cellulose ether, gum arabic, carob gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, alginic acid Sodium a me ka starch a me kāna mau huahana denatured, etc. . , a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka aila, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka uhi, ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kemika i kēlā me kēia lā. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano mānoanoa me ka cellulose polymer maoli ma o ka hana kemika. Manaʻo ʻo Zhu Ganghui ʻo ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) nā huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana cellulose ether. ʻO lākou nā pūʻulu hydroxyl a me etherification o ka hui anhydroglucose ma ke kaulahao cellulose. (Chloroacetic acid a ethylene oxide) pane. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mānoanoa cellulosic e ka hydration a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kaulahao lōʻihi. ʻO ka mīkini mānoanoa penei: ʻo ke kaulahao nui o nā molekole cellulose e pili ana me nā molekole wai a puni ma o nā paʻa hydrogen, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka wai o ka polymer ponoʻī, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka polymer ponoʻī. viscosity ʻōnaehana. He wai non-Newtonian kona wai, a hoʻololi kona viscosity me ka shear rate a ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka manawa. Piʻi wikiwiki ka viscosity o ka hopena me ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mānoanoa a me nā mea hoʻohui rheological.
ʻO ka cationic guar gum he copolymer maoli i unuhi ʻia mai nā mea kanu leguminous, nona nā waiwai o ka cationic surfactant a me ka polymer resin. ʻO kona helehelena he pauda melemele māmā, ʻaʻala ʻole a ʻala iki paha. Aia ia me 80% polysaccharide D2 mannose a me D2 galactose me 2∀1 kiʻekiʻe molecular polymer composition. ʻO kāna 1% aqueous solution he viscosity o 4000 ~ 5000mPas. ʻO Xanthan gum, i ʻike ʻia ʻo xanthan gum, he anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer i hana ʻia e ka fermentation o ka starch. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu a i ʻole ka wai wela, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka xanthan gum ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke mālama i ka viscosity like ʻole ma kahi mahana o 0 ~ 100, a loaʻa nō ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a he kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi. ), loaʻa nō ka solubility maikaʻi loa a me ka paʻa, a hiki ke kūpono me nā paʻakai kiʻekiʻe-concentration i ka hopena, a hiki ke hana i kahi hopena synergistic koʻikoʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā polyacrylic acid thickeners. ʻO Chitin kahi huahana kūlohelohe, kahi polymer glucosamine, a me kahi mānoanoa cationic.
ʻO ka sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n ka nui o ka paʻakai sodium o ka waika alginic, kahi i haku ʻia me aL mannuronic acid (M unit) a me bD guluronic acid (G unit) i hoʻopili ʻia e 1,4 glycosidic bond a haku ʻia nā ʻāpana GGGMMM like ʻole. copolymers. ʻO ka sodium alginate ka mea mānoanoa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paʻi ʻana i ka wai hoʻonaninani. ʻO nā lole i paʻi ʻia he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻālohilohi, nā laina akaka, hua kala kiʻekiʻe, hua kala like ʻole, permeability maikaʻi a me ka plasticity. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka paʻi ʻana i ka pulupulu, huluhulu, siliki, nylon a me nā lole ʻē aʻe.
mānoanoa polymer synthetic
1. ʻO ka mānoanoa polymer synthetic hoʻohui kea
ʻO nā mānoanoa Synthetic i kēia manawa ka mea kūʻai loa a ākea loa o nā huahana ma ka mākeke. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mānoanoa he microchemical cross-linked polymers, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a hiki ke komo i ka wai e pehu a mānoanoa. ʻO ka polyacrylic acid thickener kahi mānoanoa synthetic i hoʻohana nui ʻia, a ʻo kāna mau hana synthesis e pili ana i ka polymerization emulsion, inverse emulsion polymerization a me ka polymerization precipitation. Ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia kēia ʻano mānoanoa ma muli o kona hopena mānoanoa wikiwiki, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka dosage. I kēia manawa, ua polymerized kēia ʻano mānoanoa e nā monomer ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha, a ʻo ka monomer nui ka mea maʻamau he monomer wai, e like me ka waikawa acrylic, maleic acid a maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, acrylamide a me 2 acrylamide. 2-methyl propane sulfonate, etc.; ʻO ka monomer ʻelua he acrylate a i ʻole styrene; ʻO ke kolu o ka monomer he monomer me ka hopena cross-linking, e like me N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester a i ʻole dipropylene phthalate, etc.
ʻElua ʻano ʻano mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa polyacrylic acid: neutralization thickening a me hydrogen bonding thickening. ʻO ka neutralization a me ka mānoanoa ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ka waikawa polyacrylic acid mānoanoa me ka alkali e hoʻokaʻawale i kāna mau molekala a hoʻoulu i nā koina maikaʻi ʻole ma ke kaulahao nui o ka polymer, me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka repulsion ma waena o nā koina kāne like e hāpai i ke kaulahao molekala e hohola ana. hale e hoʻokō i ka hopena mānoanoa. ʻO ka mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa hydrogen ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o nā molekole polyacrylic acid me ka wai e hana ai i nā molekele hydration, a laila hui pū me nā mea hāʻawi hydroxyl e like me nā surfactants non-ionic me 5 a ʻoi aku nā hui ethoxy. Ma o ka hoʻokuke electrostatic like-sex o nā ion carboxylate, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaulahao molekala. E like me ke koʻokoʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka helical, no laila ua wehe ʻia nā kaulahao molecular curled i loko o ka ʻōnaehana wai e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele e hoʻokō i kahi hopena mānoanoa. ʻOkoʻa polymerization pH waiwai, neutralizing agent a me molecular kaumaha i nui ka hopena i ka mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa'ōnaehana. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā electrolytes inorganic ke hoʻopili nui i ka pono mānoanoa o kēia ʻano mānoanoa, hiki i nā ion monovalent ke hōʻemi i ka pono mānoanoa o ka ʻōnaehana, nā divalent a i ʻole trivalent ion ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoki wale i ka ʻōnaehana, akā hana pū kekahi i ka insoluble precipitate. No laila, ʻilihune loa ka pale electrolyte o nā mānoanoa polycarboxylate, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kula e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila.
I nā ʻoihana kahi e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai nā mānoanoa, e like me ka textiles, ka ʻimi ʻaila a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi hana o nā mānoanoa e like me ke kūpaʻa electrolyte a me ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka mānoanoa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka polymerization solution maʻamau he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka hana mānoanoa a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā koi o kekahi mau kaʻina hana. Hiki ke loaʻa nā mānoanoa kaumaha mole kiʻekiʻe e ka emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization a me nā ʻano hana polymerization ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka paʻakai sodium o ka hui carboxyl, hoʻohui i nā monomers non-ionic a cationic a me nā monomers me ka ikaika electrolyte kū'ē (e like me nā monomers i loaʻa nā pūʻulu sulfonic acid) i ka mea polymer hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka viscosity o ka mānoanoa. ʻO ke kūpaʻa Electrolyte e hoʻokō i nā koi i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka aila tertiary. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka polymerization emulsion inverse i ka makahiki 1962, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka polymerization o ka polyacrylic acid kiʻekiʻe a me ka polyacrylamide e ka inverse emulsion polymerization. Hoʻokumu i ke ʻano o ka emulsion copolymerization o ka nitrogen-containing a me ka polyoxyethylene a i ʻole kona ʻano copolymerization me ka polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, cross-linking agent a me ka acrylic acid monomer e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka polyacrylic acid emulsion e like me ka mānoanoa, a loaʻa i ka hopena maikaʻi mānoanoa, a he maikaʻi anti-electrolyte. hoʻokō. Arianna Benetti et al. ua hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka polymerization emulsion inverse e copolymerize acrylic acid, nā monomers i loaʻa nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic a me nā monomers cationic e hana i kahi mānoanoa no nā mea hoʻonaninani. Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu waikawa sulfonic a me nā paʻakai ammonium quaternary me ka ikaika anti-electrolyte ikaika i loko o ka hoʻolālā mānoanoa, ʻo ka polymer i hoʻomākaukau ʻia he ʻano mānoanoa maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai anti-electrolyte. ʻO Martial Pabon et al. ua hoʻohana i ka inverse emulsion polymerization e copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide a me isoctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hui hydrophobic wai-soluble thickener. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Charles A. etc. i ka waikawa acrylic a me ka acrylamide ma ke ʻano he comonomers no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mānoanoa kaumaha molecular kiʻekiʻe ma o ka polymerization emulsion inverse. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Zhao Junzi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka polymerization solution a me ka inverse emulsion polymerization e synthesize hydrophobic association polyacrylate thickeners, a hoʻohālikelike i ke kaʻina hana polymerization a me ka hana huahana. Hōʻike nā hopena, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polymerization solution a me ka polymerization emulsion inverse o ka waikawa acrylic a me ka stearyl acrylate, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka monomer hui hydrophobic i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka waikawa acrylic a me ka momona momona polyoxyethylene ether e ka inverse emulsion polymerization a me ka acrylic acid copolymerization. Electrolyte kū'ē o nā mānoanoa. Ua kūkākūkā ʻo He Ping i kekahi mau pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka polyacrylic acid thickener e ka inverse emulsion polymerization. Ma kēia pepa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka amphoteric copolymer ma ke ʻano he stabilizer a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka methylenebisacrylamide ma ke ʻano he crosslinking agent e hoʻomaka i ka ammonium acrylate no ka polymerization inverse emulsion e hoʻomākaukau i kahi mānoanoa hana kiʻekiʻe no ka paʻi puaʻa. Ua aʻo ʻia nā hopena o nā stabilizers like ʻole, initiators, comonomers a me nā mea hoʻololi kaulahao ma ka polymerization. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka copolymer o lauryl methacrylate a me ka waikawa acrylic ma ke ʻano he stabilizer, a ʻo nā mea hoʻomaka redox ʻelua, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide a me ka sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka polymerization a loaʻa i kahi viscosity. keʻokeʻo pulp. A ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai o ka ammonium acrylate copolymerized me ka liʻiliʻi o 15% acrylamide piʻi.
2. Hydrophobic hui synthetic polymer mānoanoa
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mānoanoa polyacrylic acid i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kemika, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā monomers i loaʻa nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic i ka haku melemele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana anti-electrolyte, aia nō ka nui o nā mānoanoa o kēia ʻano. Nā hemahema, e like me ka thixotropy maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana mānoanoa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ala i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā pūʻulu hydrophobic i loko o kāna kaulahao nui hydrophilic e synthesize hydrophobic associative thickeners. ʻO nā mānoanoa hui hydrophobic nā mānoanoa hou i kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Aia nā ʻāpana hydrophilic a me nā pūʻulu lipophilic i loko o ka molecular structure, e hōʻike ana i kekahi hana ma luna. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakai paʻakai ma mua o nā mānoanoa hui ʻole. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka hui ʻana o nā pūʻulu hydrophobic e kūʻē i ke ʻano o ka curling i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hopena pale ion, a i ʻole ka pale steric i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao lōʻihi e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hopena pale-ion. ʻO ka hopena hui e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka rheology o ka mānoanoa, kahi mea nui i ke kaʻina noi maoli. Ma waho aʻe o ka hydrophobic associative thickeners me kekahi mau hale i hōʻike ʻia ma ka palapala, Tian Dating et al. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ʻo ka hexadecyl methacrylate, he monomer hydrophobic i loaʻa nā kaulahao lōʻihi, ua copolymerized me ka waikawa acrylic e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā mānoanoa hui i haku ʻia me nā copolymers binary. Mea mānoanoa synthetic. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity i kekahi mau monomers cross-linking a me hydrophobic long-chain monomers. ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) i ka monomer hydrophobic ma mua o ka lauryl methacrylate (LM). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā mānoanoa hui pū me nā monomer kaulahao lōʻihi hydrophobic ma mua o ka hana ʻana o nā mānoanoa crosslinked ʻole. Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻohui pū ka pūʻulu noiʻi i kahi mānoanoa hui i loaʻa i ka ʻakika acrylic/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer e ka polymerization emulsion inverse. Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka hui hydrophobic o ka cetyl methacrylate a me ka hopena non-ionic o propionamide hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa.
Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka hui hydrophobic polyurethane thickener (HEUR) i nā makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kona mau pōmaikaʻi i ka hydrolyze, viscosity paʻa a me ka hana hana maikaʻi loa i ka nui o nā noi e like me ka waiwai pH a me ka mahana. ʻO ke ʻano mānoanoa o nā mānoanoa polyurethane ma muli o kāna ʻano polymer kūikawā ʻekolu-block i ke ʻano o ka lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, no laila ʻo ka pau ʻana o ke kaulahao he mau pūʻulu lipophilic (maʻa mau pūʻulu aliphatic hydrocarbon), a ʻo ka waena he wai-soluble hydrophilic. ʻāpana (ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha molekala polyethylene glycol). Ua aʻo ʻia ka hopena o ka nui o ka hui hopena hydrophobic i ka hopena mānoanoa o HEUR. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo like ʻole, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka polyethylene glycol me ke kaumaha molekala o 4000 me ka octanol, dodecyl alcohol a me ka octadecyl alcohol, a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kēlā me kēia hui hydrophobic. ʻO ka nui o ka micelle i hana ʻia e HEUR i loko o ka wai wai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻaʻole lawa nā kaulahao hydrophobic pōkole no HEUR e hana i nā micelles hydrophobic a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena mānoanoa. I ka manawa like, e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka waiʻona stearyl a me ka lauryl alcohol-terminated polyethylene glycol, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā micelles o ka mua ma mua o ka mea hope, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana kaulahao hydrophobic lōʻihi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mānoanoa.
Nā wahi noi nui
Pa'i a Wailu i ka Textile
ʻO ka hopena paʻi maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka textile a me ka paʻi puaʻa e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hana o ka paʻi paʻi, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mānoanoa he mea koʻikoʻi i kāna hana. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mānoanoa hiki ke hana i ka huahana i paʻi ʻia i ka hua kala kiʻekiʻe, ka outline paʻi maʻemaʻe, ke kala a me ka piha piha, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka permeability a me ka thixotropy o ka huahana. I ka wā ma mua, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka starch maoli a i ʻole ka sodium alginate ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa no ka paʻi paʻi. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i ka paʻi mai ka starch maoli a me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium alginate, ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e ka paʻi ʻana i ka acrylic a me nā mea pena kala. ʻO ka Anionic polyacrylic acid ka hopena mānoanoa maikaʻi loa a ʻo ia ka mea mānoanoa i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa, akā he mau hemahema kēia ʻano mānoanoa, e like me ke kūpaʻa electrolyte, color paste thixotropy, a me ka hua kala i ka wā paʻi. ʻAʻole kūpono ka awelika. ʻO ke ala i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā pūʻulu hydrophobic i loko o kāna kaulahao nui hydrophilic e synthesize i nā mānoanoa hui. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mānoanoa paʻi i ka mākeke kūloko i nā mānoanoa kūlohelohe, nā mānoanoa emulsification a me nā mānoanoa synthetic e like me nā ʻano mea maka a me nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau. ʻO ka hapa nui, no ka mea hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 50%, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena mānoanoa.
pena wai-wai
ʻO ka hoʻohui kūpono ʻana i nā mea mānoanoa i ka pena hiki ke hoʻololi pono i nā ʻano wai o ka ʻōnaehana pena a hoʻolilo iā ia i thixotropic, no laila e hāʻawi i ka pena me ka paʻa paʻa a me ka hana. Hiki i kahi mānoanoa me ka hana maikaʻi ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka uhi i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, kaohi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka uhi, a hoʻemi i ka viscosity i ka wā kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki, e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka uhi kiʻi ma hope o ka uhi ʻana, a pale i ka hiki ʻana o ka sagging. Hoʻohana pinepine nā mea mānoanoa pena kuʻuna i nā polymers hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, e like me ka high-molecular hydroxyethyl cellulose. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mānoanoa polymeric e kāohi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai i ka wā o ka uhi ʻana o nā huahana pepa. Hiki i ka hele ʻana o nā mānoanoa ke hana i ka ʻili o ka pepa i uhi ʻia i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka lōkahi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa swellable emulsion (HASE) he anti-splash performance a hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā ʻano mānoanoa ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi loa i ka ʻili o ka ʻili o ka pepa i uhi ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻike pinepine ka pena latex i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity a me ka dispersibility o ka pena latex, ua kaupalena ʻia kēlā mau hoʻoponopono, a ʻoi aku ka mea nui A i ʻole ma o ke koho ʻana i ka mānoanoa a me kāna hoʻohālikelike ʻana e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia.
ʻohi ʻaila
I ka ʻaila ʻaila, i mea e loaʻa ai ka hua kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka conductivity o kekahi wai (e like me ka mana hydraulic, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e wāwahi i ka papa wai. Kapa ʻia ka wai haʻihaʻi a i ʻole ka wai haki. ʻO ke kumu o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā haʻihaʻi me kahi nui a me ka conductivity i ka hoʻokumu ʻana, a ʻo kona kūleʻa e pili pono ana i ka hana o ka wai haʻihaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā wai haʻihaʻi e pili ana i nā wai haʻihaʻi ma ka wai, nā wai haki ʻaila, nā wai ʻawaʻawa, nā wai haʻihaʻi emulsified, a me nā wai haki. I waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai fracturing wai i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO Thickener ka mea hoʻohui nui i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, a ua hala kona hoʻomohala ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ka hapalua haneli, akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai mānoanoa fracturing me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo ia ke alakaʻi noiʻi a nā loea ma ka home a ma waho. Nui nā ʻano o ka wai-wai-wai hoʻoheheʻe polimer mānoanoa i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: polysaccharides maoli a me kā lākou derivatives a me nā polymers synthetic. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻohi aila a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka paʻakikī o ka mining, hoʻopuka ka poʻe i nā koi hou aʻe a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe no ka fracturing fluid. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kaiapuni hoʻokumu paʻakikī ma mua o nā polysaccharides maoli, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mānoanoa polymer synthetic i ka haki ʻana o ka luawai hohonu.
Nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 mau ʻano mānoanoa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paʻakai inorganic, surfactants, polymers wai-soluble a me nā momona momona / momona momona. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā detergents, cosmetics, toothpaste a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mānoanoa i ka ʻoihana meaʻai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻopaʻa i nā waiwai kino a i ʻole nā ʻano meaʻai, hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka meaʻai, hāʻawi i ka meaʻai i kahi ʻono a me ka ʻono, a pāʻani i kahi hana i ka mānoanoa, stabilizing a homogenizing. , emulsifying gel, masking, mea ʻono a me ka ʻono. ʻO nā mea mānoanoa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai me nā mānoanoa kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, a me nā mānoanoa synthetic e like me CMCNa a me propylene glycol alginate. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mānoanoa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana pepa, ka seramika, ka hana ʻili, electroplating, etc.
2.Mea mānoanoa ʻole
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mānoanoa inorganic ʻelua papa o ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā manoanoa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka wai o nā paʻakai inorganic a me nā surfactant. ʻO nā paʻakai inorganic i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate a me pentasodium triphosphate, ma waena o ka sodium chloride a me ka ammonium chloride i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mānoanoa. ʻO ke kumu kumu ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o nā surfactants i nā micelles i loko o ka wai wai, a ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā electrolytes e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hui micelles, ka hopena i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā micelles spherical i loko o nā micelles koʻokoʻo, e hoʻonui ana i ka neʻe ʻana, a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana. . Eia nō naʻe, i ka nui o ka electrolyte, e hoʻopili ia i ka ʻōnaehana micellar, e hoʻemi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana, a pēlā e hōʻemi ai i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo salting-out effect.
ʻO nā mānoanoa kaumaha mole kiʻekiʻe inorganic he bentonite, attapulgite, aluminika silicate, sepiolite, hectorite, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka mīkini mānoanoa nui i haku ʻia me nā minerala gel thixotropic e pehu ana ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai. Loaʻa i kēia mau minerala kahi papa papa a i ʻole kahi hoʻolālā lattice i hoʻonui ʻia. Ke hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka wai, hoʻopuehu nā ion metala i loko mai nā kristal lamellar, pehu me ka holomua o ka hydration, a hope loa e hoʻokaʻawale loa mai nā kristal lamellar e hana i kahi hoʻomaha colloidal. wai wai. I kēia manawa, loaʻa i ka ʻili o ka kristal lamellar kahi hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo kona mau kihi he liʻiliʻi ka uku maikaʻi ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana haʻihaʻi lattice. I loko o kahi hoʻonā dilute, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi ʻole ma luna o ka ʻili ma mua o nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi ma nā kihi, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka ʻole o ka mānoanoa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike electrolyte, e emi ana ka uku ma luna o ka ʻili o nā lamellae, a hoʻololi ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana mai ka ikaika hoʻihoʻi ma waena o nā lamellae a hiki i ka ikaika hoihoi ma waena o nā hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka lamellae a me ka maikaʻi. uku ma na kihi kihi. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia e hana i hale kāleka, e hoʻoulu ai i ka pehu e hana i kahi gel e loaʻa ai kahi hopena mānoanoa. I kēia manawa, hoʻoheheʻe ka gel inorganic i ka wai e hana i kahi gel thixotropic loa. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka bentonite ke hana i nā paʻa hydrogen i loko o ka hopena, he mea maikaʻi ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu. Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hydration gel inorganic a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hale kāleka ma ka schematic diagram 1. Intercalation of polymerized monomers to montmorillonite e hoʻonui i ka interlayer spacing, a laila in-situ intercalation polymerization ma waena o nā papa hiki ke hana i kahi polymer/montmorillonite organic- Inorganic hybrid hybrid. mānoanoa. Hiki i nā kaulahao polymer ke hele i loko o nā pepa montmorillonite e hana i kahi pūnaewele polymer. No ka manawa mua, ʻo Kazutoshi et al. ua hoʻohana i ka montmorillonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sodium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili keʻa e hoʻolauna i kahi ʻōnaehana polymer, a hoʻomākaukau i kahi hydrogel e pili ana i ka wela-koʻikoʻi o ka montmorillonite. Liu Hongyu et al. hoʻohana i ka sodium-based montmorillonite ma ke ʻano he cross-linking agent e synthesize i kahi ʻano mānoanoa hou me ka hana anti-electrolyte kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻāʻo i ka hana mānoanoa a me ka anti-NaCl a me nā hana electrolyte ʻē aʻe o ka mānoanoa composite. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa he mau waiwai anti-electrolyte maikaʻi loa ka Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui meaʻokoʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mānoanoa synthetic i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e M.Chtourou a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā paʻakai ammonium a me ka pālolo Tunisia no ka montmorillonite, he hopena mānoanoa maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-11-2023