Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke ʻano hana crosslinking, ala a me nā waiwai o nā ʻano mea hoʻohui like ʻole a me ka cellulose ether wai-soluble. Ma ka hoʻololi crosslinking, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka viscosity, rheological properties, solubility a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka wai-soluble cellulose ether, i mea e hoʻonui ai i kāna hana noi. Ma muli o ke ʻano kemika a me nā waiwai o nā crosslinkers like ʻole, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano o ka cellulose ether crosslinking hoʻololi hoʻololi ʻana, a ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kuhikuhi hoʻomohala o nā crosslinkers like ʻole ma nā kahua noi like ʻole o ka cellulose ether. Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka hana maikaʻi loa o ka cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e ka crosslinking a me nā haʻawina liʻiliʻi ma ka home a ma waho, ʻo ka hoʻololi crosslinking e hiki mai ana o cellulose ether he ākea ākea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO kēia no ka kuhikuhi ʻana i nā mea noiʻi kūpono a me nā ʻoihana hana.
Hua'ōlelo nui: crosslinking modification; Cellulose ether; ʻO ke kinona kino; Solubility; Hana noi

ʻO ka cellulose ether ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa, ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa, ka mea mālama wai, adhesive, binder and dispersant, colloid pale, stabilizer, suspension agent, emulsifier a me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka uhi ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ʻaila, nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, meaʻai. a me ka laau lapaau a me na oihana e ae. ʻO ka cellulose ether ka nui o ka methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka etera hui ʻia. Hana ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka lāʻau e ka alkalization, etherification, holoi centrifugation, hoʻomaloʻo, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke kaʻina hana wili, hoʻohana maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea etherification i ka alkane halogenated a i ʻole epoxy alkane.
Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina hana o ka wai-soluble cellulose ether, e hālāwai ka probability i kahi kūlana kūikawā, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka honua acid-base, paʻakikī ionic kaiapuni, e hoʻopiʻi kēia mau kaiapuni i ka mānoanoa, solubility, paʻa wai, adhesion, adhesive, hoʻopaʻa paʻa a me ka emulsification o ka wai-soluble cellulose etera ua pili nui, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pau o kona functionality.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana noi o ka cellulose ether, pono ia e hana i ka crosslinking treatment, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano crosslinking ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka hana o ka huahana. Ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka crosslinking agents a me kā lākou mau ʻano crosslinking, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻenehana crosslinking i ke kaʻina hana hana ʻoihana, e kūkākūkā kēia pepa i ka crosslinking o cellulose ether me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka crosslinking agents, e hāʻawi ana i ka kuhikuhi no ka hoʻololi crosslinking o cellulose ether. .

1.Structure a crosslinking loina o cellulose etera

Cellulose eteraHe ʻano ia o ka cellulose derivatives, i hoʻohui ʻia e ka ether substitution reaction o ʻekolu mau pūʻulu hydroxyl waiʻona ma nā molekole cellulose maoli a me ka alkane halogenated a i ʻole epoxide alkane. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā substituent, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano a me nā waiwai o ka cellulose ether. ʻO ka hopena crosslinking o cellulose ether ka mea nui e pili ana i ka etherification a i ʻole esterification o ka -OH (OH ma ke apo ʻāpana glucose a i ʻole ka -OH ma ka mea pani a i ʻole ka carboxyl ma ka mea pani) a me ka mea hoʻopili cross me nā hui binary a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui hana, no laila ʻelua. a i ʻole nā ​​molekole cellulose ether i hoʻopili pū ʻia e hana i kahi hoʻolālā pūnaewele spatial multidimensional. ʻO ia ka crosslinked cellulose ether.
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hiki ke etherified a i ʻole esterified crosslinked cellulose ether a me ka crosslinking agent of aqueous solution i loaʻa nā -OH e like me HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC a me CMC. No ka mea, loaʻa i ka CMC nā iona ʻakika carboxylic, hiki ke hoʻopalike ʻia nā pūʻulu hana i loko o ka mea hoʻohui crosslinking me nā ion acid carboxylic.
Ma hope o ka hopena o -OH a i ʻole -COO- i loko o ka cellulose ether mole me ka crosslinking agent, ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike o nā pūʻulu hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻano pūnaewele multi-dimensional i ka hopena, kona solubility, rheology a me nā waiwai mechanical. e hoololiia. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana crosslinking ʻokoʻa e hana me ka cellulose ether, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana noi o cellulose ether. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Cellulose ether kūpono no ka noi ʻoihana.

2. Nā ʻano o nā mea hana crosslinking

2.1 Aldehydes mau mea hookui
ʻO nā mea hoʻopā kelepa ʻo Aldehyde e pili ana i nā pūhui mea ola i loaʻa i ka pūʻulu aldehyde (-CHO), he mea kemika a hiki ke hana me ka hydroxyl, ammonia, amide a me nā pūhui ʻē aʻe. Aldehyde crosslinking agents for cellulose and its derivatives include formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, etc. Hiki i ka hui Aldehyde ke hana maʻalahi me ʻelua -OH e hana i nā acetals ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic nāwaliwali, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hopena. ʻO nā etera cellulose maʻamau i hoʻololi ʻia e nā aldehydes crosslinking agents he HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC a me nā etera cellulose wai ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili ʻia kahi pūʻulu aldehyde me ʻelua mau pūʻulu hydroxyl ma ke kaulahao molekula cellulose ether, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā molekole cellulose ether ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā acetals, e hana ana i kahi hoʻolālā kikowaena pūnaewele, i mea e hoʻololi ai i kona solubility. Ma muli o ka hopena manuahi -OH ma waena o ka aldehyde crosslinking agent a me cellulose ether, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā pūʻulu hydrophilic molecular, e hopena i ka hiki ʻole o ka wai o ka huahana. No laila, ma ka ho'omalu 'ana i ka nui o ka crosslinking agent, hiki i ka crosslinking moderate o cellulose ether ke ho'opanee i ka manawa hydration a pale i ka huahana mai ka ho'ohehe'e koke 'ana i ka wai wai, ka hopena o ka agglomeration kūloko.
ʻO ka hopena o ka aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether e hilinaʻi maʻamau i ka nui o ka aldehyde, pH, ka like ʻana o ka hopena crosslinking, ka manawa pili, a me ka mahana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wela a me ka pH e hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka hemiacetal i acetal, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka cellulose ether hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ka nui o ka aldehyde a me ka like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka crosslinking e pili pono i ka degere crosslinking o cellulose ether.
Hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻia ka formaldehyde no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cellulose ether ma muli o kona ʻona kiʻekiʻe a me ka volatility kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ka formaldehyde ma ke ʻano o ka uhi, adhesives, textiles, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e nā mea hoʻohuihui non-formaldehyde haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena crosslinking o ka glutaraldehyde ma mua o ka glyoxal, akā he ʻala ikaika kona, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka glutaraldehyde. Ma ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, ma ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka glyoxal e hoʻopili i ka wai-soluble cellulose ether e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka solubility o nā huahana. ʻO ka maʻamau ma ka lumi wela, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena crosslinking pH 5 ~ 7. Ma hope o ka crosslinking, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hydration a me ka manawa hydration piha o ka cellulose ether, a e nāwaliwali ke ʻano o ka agglomeration. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana non-crosslinking, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka solubility o cellulose ether, a ʻaʻohe huahana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia i loko o ka hopena, kahi kūpono i ka noi ʻoihana. I ka wā i hoʻomākaukau ai ʻo Zhang Shuangjian i ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka crosslinking agent glyoxal ma mua o ka maloʻo ʻana e loaʻa ai ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose koke me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o 100%, ʻaʻole i pili pū i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ua wikiwiki ka dispersion a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka mea i hoʻonā i ka pūpū i ka hana. noi a hoʻonui i ke kahua noi.
I ke kūlana alkaline, e wāwahi ʻia ke kaʻina hana reversible o ka hana ʻana i ka acetal, e hoʻopau ʻia ka manawa hydration o ka huahana, a e hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona dissolution o cellulose ether me ka ʻole crosslinking. I ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether, e hana mau ʻia ka hopena crosslinking o nā aldehydes ma hope o ke kaʻina hana etheration, a i loko o ka wai wai o ke kaʻina holoi a i ʻole ka pae paʻa ma hope o ka centrifugation. ʻO ka maʻamau, i ka holoi ʻana, maikaʻi ke ʻano like ʻole o ka crosslinking reaction, akā maikaʻi ka hopena crosslinking. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā palena o nā mea hana ʻenekinia, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano paʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ke keʻa a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka mea hoʻohana crosslinking.
Aldehydes crosslinking agents modified water-soluble cellulose ether, ma kahi o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kona solubility, aia kekahi mau hōʻike e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau waiwai mechanical, viscosity stability a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻo Peng Zhang i ka glyoxal e hoʻopaʻa i ka HEC, a ua ʻimi i ka mana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hana crosslinking, crosslinking pH a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela ma ka ikaika pulu o HEC. Hōʻike nā hopena ma lalo o ke kūlana crosslinking maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika pulu o HEC fiber ma hope o ka crosslinking e 41.5%, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia kāna hana. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Zhang Jin i ka wai-soluble phenolic resin, glutaraldehyde a me trichloroacetaldehyde e crosslink CMC. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai, ʻo ka hopena o ka wai-soluble phenolic resin crosslinked CMC i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka viscosity ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa.
2.2 Nā mea hana hoʻopā kaʻa carboxylic
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui hui ʻana i ka ʻakika Carboxylic e pili ana i nā pūhui polycarboxylic acid, ʻo ka nui me ka succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid a me nā ʻakika binary a polycarboxylic ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā crosslinkers acid carboxylic i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lole lole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou maʻalahi. Penei ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana: ʻo ka hui carboxyl e hana me ka pūʻulu hydroxyl o cellulose mole e hana i ka esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch lāua ʻo Yang et al. ʻO ka poʻe mua i aʻo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻakika carboxylic crosslinkers. Penei ke kaʻina hana crosslinking: ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻia nā hui ʻakika carboxylic ʻelua e pili ana i nā crosslinkers ʻakika carboxylic e hana i ka cyclic anhydride, a ua hoʻopili ka anhydride me OH i loko o nā molekole cellulose e hana i ka crosslinked cellulose ether me kahi ʻōnaehana spatial network.
Hoʻopili maʻamau nā mea hoʻohui ʻākana Carboxylic me ka cellulose ether i loaʻa nā mea pani hydroxyl. No ka mea he wai-soluble a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa ka carboxylic acid crosslinking agents, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau, starch, chitosan a me cellulose i nā makahiki i hala.
Derivatives a me nā mea kūlohelohe polymer esterification crosslinking hoʻololi, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o kāna kahua noi.
Hu Hanchang et al. hoʻohana i ka sodium hypophosphite catalyst e hoʻohana i ʻehā polycarboxylic acids me nā ʻano molekala like ʻole: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) ua hoʻohana ʻia. e hoopau i na lole pulupulu. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka crease o ka polycarboxylic acid hoʻopau i ka lole pulupulu. ʻO nā molekalaka polycarboxylic cyclic ka mea hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma muli o ko lākou ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka hopena crosslinking ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā molekole ʻakika carboxylic kaulahao.
ʻO Wang Jiwei et al. ua hoʻohana i ka ʻakika hui ʻia o ka ʻakika citric a me ka anhydride acetic e hana i ka esterification a me ka hoʻololi crosslinking o ka starch. Ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā waiwai o ka hoʻonā wai a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke aniani, ua manaʻo lākou he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maloo maloʻo esterified crosslinked, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe-thaw paʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa paʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wela viscosity ma mua o ka starch.
Hiki i nā hui waikawa Carboxylic ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou solubility, biodegradability a me nā waiwai mechanical ma hope o ka esterification crosslinking reaction me ka ikaika -OH i loko o nā polymers like ʻole, a ʻo nā pūhui carboxylic acid he mau mea ʻawaʻawa a haʻahaʻa paha, he ākea ākea no ka hoʻololi crosslinking o ka wai- hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose ether ma ka papa meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kahua uhi.
2.3 Epoxy hui crosslinking agent
Loaʻa i ʻelua mau pūʻulu epoxy a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui epoxy i loaʻa nā pūʻulu hana ikaika. Ma lalo o ka hana a nā catalysts, hui pū ʻia nā hui epoxy a me nā pūʻulu hana me ka -OH i loko o nā pūhui organik e hana i nā macromolecules me ka hoʻolālā pūnaewele. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka crosslinking o cellulose ether.
Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka viscosity a me ka mechanical properties o cellulose ether e ka epoxy crosslinking. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā Epoxides e mālama i nā ʻili lole a hōʻike i ka hopena hoʻopau maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, liʻiliʻi nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cellulose ether e nā epoxides. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Hu Cheng et al i kahi hui crosslinker epoxy multifunctional hou: EPTA, ka mea i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻūlū elastic recovery Angle o nā lole silika maoli mai 200º ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i 280º. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonui nui ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi o ka crosslinker i ka nui o ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka helu absorption o nā lole silika maoli i nā wai waika. ʻO ka epoxy compound crosslinking agent i hoʻohana ʻia e Chen Xiaohui et al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) ua hoʻopili ʻia me ka gelatin. Ma hope o ka crosslinking, ʻo ka gelatin hydrogel he hana hoʻōla elastic maikaʻi loa, me ka helu hoʻihoʻi elastic kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 98.03%. Ma muli o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā polymers kūlohelohe e like me ka lole a me ka gelatin e nā oxides waena ma ka palapala, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cellulose ether me nā epoxides he manaʻo hoʻohiki.
ʻO ka Epichlorohydrin (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo epichlorohydrin) he mea hoʻohana maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea polymer maoli i loaʻa -OH, -NH2 a me nā hui hana ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka epichlorohydrin crosslinking, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka viscosity, acid and alkali resistance, ka pale ʻana i ka mahana, ka paʻakai paʻakai, ka shear a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka epichlorohydrin i ka cellulose ether crosslinking he koʻikoʻi noiʻi nui. No ka laʻana, hana ʻo Su Maoyao i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe nui loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Ua kūkākūkā ʻo ia i ka mana o ka hoʻolālā waiwai, ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka degere o ka crosslinking i nā waiwai adsorption, a ʻike ʻo ia ka waiwai paʻa wai (WRV) a me ka waiwai paʻa brine (SRV) o ka huahana i hana ʻia me kahi 3% crosslinking agent i hoʻonui ʻia e 26 manawa a me 17 manawa. I ka wā i hana ai ʻo Ding Changguang et al. hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka carboxymethyl cellulose viscous loa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka epichlorohydrin ma hope o ka etherification no ka crosslinking. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka viscosity o ka huahana crosslinked i ka 51% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka huahana uncrosslinked.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking agents
ʻO ka nui o nā mea hoʻopili ʻo Boric i loko o ka waika boric, borax, borate, organoborate a me nā mea hana crosslinking ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano o ka hui crosslinking, ʻo ia ka wai boric (H3BO3) a i ʻole borate (B4O72-) i hana i ka tetrahydroxy borate ion (B(OH)4-) i loko o ka hoʻonā, a laila maloʻo me ka -Oh i loko o ka pūhui. E hoʻokumu i kahi hui i hui ʻia me kahi hoʻolālā pūnaewele.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā crosslinkers Boric acid e like me nā mea kōkua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, aniani, seramika, petroleum a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika mechanical o ka mea i mālama ʻia me ka boric acid crosslinking agent, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka crosslinking o cellulose ether, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna hana.
I nā makahiki 1960, ʻo ka boron inorganic (borax, boric acid a me ka sodium tetraborate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohui crosslinking nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka ʻaila a me nā māla. ʻO Borax ka mea hoʻohana crosslinking mua loa. Ma muli o nā hemahema o ka boron inorganic, e like me ka pōkole crosslinking manawa a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wela, ua lilo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea hoʻohui hui organoboron i wahi wela noiʻi. Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi o organoboron i ka makahiki 1990. Ma muli o kona mau hiʻohiʻona o ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, maʻalahi e wāwahi i ke kāpili, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka crosslinking, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i ka organoboron ka hopena noi maikaʻi i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea māla fracturing. Liu Ji et al. ua hoʻomohala i kahi mea hoʻohui polymer crosslinking i loaʻa i ka hui phenylboric acid, ka mea hoʻohui crosslinking i hui pū ʻia me ka waikawa acrylic a me ka polyol polymer me ka succinimide ester group reaction, ʻo ka hopena biological adhesive he maikaʻi loa ka hana piha, hiki ke hōʻike i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana a me nā waiwai mechanical i loko o kahi wahi humid, a hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi adhesion. ʻO Yang Yang et al. i hana i ka zirconium boron crosslinking agent kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wai kumu kumu guanidine gel o ka wai haki, a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mahana a me ka pale ʻana o ka wai haʻihaʻi ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ether e ka boric acid crosslinking agent i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila. Ma muli o kona kūlana kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kūkuluʻana
ʻO ka crosslinking o cellulose ether i ke kūkulu ʻana, ka uhi ʻana a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
2.5 Mea hoʻopili hoʻopili phosphide
ʻO nā mea hana crosslinking Phosphates ka nui o ka phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, etc. ʻO ke ʻano crosslinking ʻo ia ka PO bond a i ʻole P-Cl bond i esterified me ka molecular -OH i loko o ka wai wai e hana ai i ka diphosphate, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele. .
Phosphide crosslinking agent ma muli o ka non-toxic a haʻahaʻa paha, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai, lāʻau lapaʻau polymer material crosslinking hoʻololi, e like me ka starch, chitosan a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau polymer crosslinking kūlohelohe. Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ka gelatinization a me ka pehu ʻana o ka starch ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka phosphide crosslinking agent. Ma hope o ka starch crosslinking, piʻi ka mahana o ka gelatinization, hoʻomaikaʻi ka paʻa paʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wai ma mua o ka starch kumu, a piʻi ka ikaika o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Nui nō hoʻi nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka chitosan crosslinking me ka phosphide crosslinking agent, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ikaika mechanical, kūpaʻa kemika a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphide crosslinking agent no cellulose ether crosslinking treatment. Ma muli o ka cellulose ether a me ka starch, chitosan a me nā polymers kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka ikaika -OH, a ʻo ka phosphide crosslinking agent he non-toxic a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa toxicity waiwai physiological, kāna noi ʻana i ka noiʻi crosslinking cellulose ether no kekahi mau manaʻolana. E like me CMC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai, toothpaste grade field me ka phosphide crosslinking agent modification, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mānoanoa, nā waiwai rheological. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka MC, HPMC a me HEC i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ka phosphide crosslinking agent.
2.6 Nā mea hana hoʻohui ʻē aʻe
ʻO nā aldehydes, epoxides a me cellulose ether crosslinking no ka etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid a me phosphide crosslinking agent no ka esterification crosslinking. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hana crosslinking i hoʻohana ʻia no ka cellulose ether crosslinking pū kekahi i nā pūhui isocyanate, nitrogen hydroxymethyl compounds, sulfhydryl compounds, metal crosslinking agents, organosilicon crosslinking agents, etc. maʻalahi e pane me ka -OH, a hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻolālā pūnaewele multi-dimensional ma hope o ka crosslinking. ʻO nā waiwai o nā huahana crosslinking e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka crosslinking agent, crosslinking degree a me nā kūlana crosslinking.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. hoʻohana i ka toluene diisocyanate (TDI) e hoʻopaʻa i ka methyl cellulose. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana hoʻololi aniani (Tg) me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pākēneka o TDI, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa o kāna ʻano wai. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo TDI no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka crosslinking i nā adhesives, coatings a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka waiwai adhesive, ka pale wela a me ka pale wai o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. No laila, hiki i ka TDI ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka cellulose ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā uhi a me nā adhesives ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka crosslinking.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana crosslinking disulfide i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau a loaʻa iā ia kekahi waiwai noiʻi no ka crosslinking o nā huahana cellulose ether i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Shu Shujun et al. hui 'ia β-cyclodextrin me silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan a me ka glucan ma gradient shell layer, a wehe i ka silica microspheres no ka loaa disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, ka mea i hōʻike i ka paʻa maikaʻi ma simulated physiological pH.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui metala ka nui o nā pūhui inorganic a me nā mea kūlohelohe o nā ion metala kiʻekiʻe e like me Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) a me Fe (III). Hoʻopili ʻia nā ion metala kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā ion bridge hydroxyl multi-nuclear ma o ka hydration, hydrolysis a me ke alahaka hydroxyl. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ion metala kiʻekiʻe ma o ka multi-nucleated hydroxyl bridging ions, maʻalahi e hui pū me nā hui carboxylic acid e hana i nā polymers spatial structure multi-dimensional. Xu Kai et al. ua aʻo i nā waiwai rheological o Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) a me Fe(III) moʻo kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai metala carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) a me ke kūpaʻa wela, ka nalowale kānana. , hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke one, ke koena haki ʻana i ke kāpili a me ka paʻakai paʻakai ma hope o ka noi ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena, ʻO ka crosslinker metala nā waiwai e pono ai no ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai ʻaila ʻaila.

3. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana o cellulose ether ma o ka hoʻololi crosslinking

3.1 Pena a hana
ʻO ka cellulose ether ka nui o ka HEC, HPMC, HEMC a me ka MC i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua o ke kūkulu ʻana, ka uhi ʻana, pono kēia ʻano cellulose ether e loaʻa i ka wai maikaʻi kūʻē, mānoanoa, paʻakai a me ke ana wela, shear resistance, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka mortar sima, pena latex. , mea hoʻopili keramic tile, pena pā waho, lacquer a pēlā aku. Ma muli o ka hale, pono e loaʻa i ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā mea e pono ai ka uhi ʻana, e koho maʻamau i ke ʻano etherification crosslinking agent e cellulose ether crosslinking hoʻololi, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka epoxy halogenated alkane, boric acid crosslinking agent no kāna crosslinking, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana. viscosity, paʻakai a me ka mahana kū'ē, shear kū'ē a me mechanical waiwai.
3.2 Nā kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā meaʻai a me nā kemika o kēlā me kēia lā
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo MC, HPMC a me CMC i ka wai cellulose etera i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mea hoʻopili, lāʻau lapaʻau lohi-hoʻokuʻu mea hoʻohui a me ka wai lāʻau thickener a me ka emulsion stabilizer. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CMC ma ke ʻano he emulsifier a me ka mānoanoa i ka yogurt, nā huahana waiu a me ka toothpaste. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo HEC a me MC i kēlā me kēia lā kemika e mānoanoa, hoʻopuehu a homogenize. No ka mea, ʻo ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai a me ka papa kemika i kēlā me kēia lā e pono ai nā mea palekana a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, no laila, no kēia ʻano cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid crosslinking agent, sulfhydryl crosslinking agent, etc., ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka crosslinking, hiki hoʻomaikaʻi i ka viscosity o ka huahana, ke kūpaʻa ola a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ʻo HEC ma nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻai, akā no ka mea ʻo HEC he non-ionic cellulose ether me ka solubility ikaika, loaʻa iā ia nā pono kūʻokoʻa ma mua o MC, HPMC a me CMC. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea hoʻopili palekana palekana a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, e loaʻa ana i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻai.
3.3 ʻO ka ʻeli ʻaila a me nā wahi hana
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo CMC a me carboxylated cellulose ether e like me ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lepo lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai, ka mea mānoanoa e hoʻohana ai. Ma ke ʻano he cellulose ether non-ionic, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo HEC i ke kahua o ka ʻaila ʻaila ma muli o kona hopena mānoanoa maikaʻi, ikaika ikaika hoʻoneʻe one a me ka paʻa, pale ʻana i ka wela, kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakai paʻakai, haʻahaʻa pipeline kūpaʻa, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka wai. haʻihaʻi a haʻahaʻa koena. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana crosslinking boric acid a me nā metala crosslinking agents e hoʻololi i ka CMC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaila wili ʻaila, non-ionic cellulose etera crosslinking hoʻololi noiʻi hōʻike liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka hydrophobic hoʻololi o non-ionic cellulose etera, e hōʻike ana i ka nui. viscosity, wela a me ka paʻakai kūpaʻa a me ka shear paʻa, maikaʻi dispersion a me ke kū'ē i ka biological hydrolysis. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana e ka boric acid, metala, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes a me nā mea hana crosslinking ʻē aʻe, cellulose ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaila ʻaila a me ka hana ʻana ua hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mānoanoa, paʻakai a me ke kūpaʻa mahana, kūpaʻa a pēlā aku. e hiki mai ana.
3.4 Nā Māhele ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka cellulose ether ma muli o ka mānoanoa, emulsification, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pale colloidal, paʻa ʻana i ka wai, adhesion, anti-sensitivity a me nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma waho aʻe o nā kahua i luna, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana pepa, nā seramika, ka paʻi lole a me ke kala, ka hopena polymerization a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. E like me nā koi o nā waiwai waiwai ma nā ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana crosslinking ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻololi crosslinking e hoʻokō i nā koi noi. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cellulose ether crosslinked i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether a me esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Hoʻopili nā Aldehydes, epoxides a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe me ka -Oh ma ka cellulose ether e hana i ka paʻa ether-oxygen (-O-), nona nā crosslinkers etherification. ʻO ka ʻakika Carboxylic, ka phosphide, ka waikawa boric a me nā mea hoʻohui crosslinking ʻē aʻe e hana me ka -OH ma ka cellulose ether e hana i nā mea paʻa ester, no nā mea hoʻohui crosslinking esterification. Hoʻopili ka hui carboxyl i CMC me ka -OH i loko o ka mea hoʻohui crosslinking e hana i ka esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. I kēia manawa, liʻiliʻi nā noiʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻano hoʻololi crosslinking, a aia nō kahi lumi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa o ka paʻa eter ma mua o ka paʻa ester, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ether type crosslinked cellulose ether. E like me nā māhele noi like ʻole, hiki ke koho ʻia ka mea hoʻohui crosslinking kūpono no ka cellulose ether crosslinking hoʻololi, i mea e loaʻa ai nā huahana i kūpono i nā pono o ka noi.

4. Ka hopena

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka ʻoihana i ka glyoxal e crosslink cellulose ether, i mea e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka caking huahana i ka wā hemo. Hiki i ka Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether ke hoʻololi wale i kona solubility, akā ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana crosslinking ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka glyoxal no ka cellulose ether crosslinking. No ka mea ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka ʻaila hinu, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka uhi ʻana, ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻo kona solubility, rheology, nā waiwai mechanical e hana koʻikoʻi i kāna noi. Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka crosslinking, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana noi ma nā ʻano āpau, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono noi. No ka laʻana, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking agent for cellulose ether esterification hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana noi ma ke kahua o ka meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā aldehydes i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākou ʻona kino. ʻO ka waikawa Boric a me nā mea hoʻohui metala ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea fracturing wai ma hope o ka crosslinking cellulose ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaila ʻaila. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka viscosity, nā waiwai rheological a me nā waiwai mechanical o cellulose ether nā mea hoʻohui alkyl crosslinking ʻē aʻe, e like me ka epichlorohydrin. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei nā koi o nā ʻoihana like ʻole no nā waiwai waiwai. I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o ka cellulose ether ma nā ʻano noiʻi like ʻole, ʻo ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana ma cellulose ether crosslinking he ākea ākea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.