1. Nā ʻano mea mānoanoa a me ka mīkini mānoanoa
(1) Mea mānoanoa ʻole:
ʻO nā mea mānoanoa inorganic i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai ka nui o ka pālolo. E like me: bentonite. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Kaolin a me ka honua diatomaceous (ʻo ka mea nui ʻo SiO2, he ʻano porous) i kekahi manawa e like me nā mānoanoa kōkua no nā ʻōnaehana mānoanoa ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai hoʻomaha. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Bentonite ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka wai-swellability. ʻO Bentonite (Bentonite), i kapa ʻia ʻo bentonite, bentonite, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mineral nui o ka bentonite he montmorillonite i loaʻa kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka alkali a me ka lepo alkaline metala hydrous aluminosilicate mineral, nona ka hui aluminosilicate, ʻo kāna kumu hoʻohālike maʻamau: (Na. ,Ca)(Al,Mg)6(Si4O10)3(OH)6•nH2O. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana hoʻonui ʻana o ka bentonite e ka hiki ke hoʻonui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nui o ka bentonite ma hope o ka pehu ʻana i loko o ka dilute hydrochloric acid solution i kapa ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻonui, i hōʻike ʻia ma ml / gram. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ka mānoanoa bentonite i ka wai a pehu, hiki i ka nui ke piʻi i nā manawa he ʻumi a ʻumi paha ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, no laila ua hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻia, a no ka mea he pauka me ka nui o ka ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻokoʻa ia mai nā pauka ʻē aʻe i ka uhi. ʻōnaehana. He maikaʻi ko ke kino. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai e hana ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokele i nā pauka ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi hopena anti-stratification, no laila he mea kōkua nui ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana.
Akā ua hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā bentonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sodium mai ka bentonite i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka calcium ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka sodium. I ka manawa like o ka sodiumization, e hana ʻia ka nui o nā ion maikaʻi e like me nā ion calcium a me nā ion sodium. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka maʻiʻo o kēia mau cations i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, e hana ʻia ka nui o ka neutralization ma luna o nā uku maikaʻi ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka emulsion, no laila i kekahi ʻano, hiki ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka pehu a me ka flocculation o ka emulsion. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa i kēia mau ion calcium nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma ka dispersant paʻakai sodium (a i ʻole polyphosphate dispersant), e hoʻoheheʻe ai kēia mau mea hoʻopuehu i loko o ka ʻōnaehana uhi, a hiki i ka nalowale o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka uhi, mānoanoa a i ʻole. mānoanoa. Ua nui ka ua a me ka flocculation. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena mānoanoa o ka bentonite e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka pauka e hoʻomoʻa i ka wai a hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, no laila e lawe mai i kahi hopena thixotropic ikaika i ka ʻōnaehana coating, kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole no nā uhi e pono ai nā hopena pae maikaʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā mea mānoanoa bentonite i nā pena latex, a he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa i nā pena latex haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā pena latex brushed. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻikepili i ka Hemmings 'BENTONE®LT. ʻO ka hectorite i hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia he maikaʻi ka anti-sedimentation a me nā hopena atomization ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe ea ʻole.
(2) Cellulose etera:
ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi polymer kiʻekiʻe maoli i hana ʻia e ka condensation o β-glucose. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pūʻulu hydroxyl i loko o ke apo glucosyl, hiki i ka cellulose ke hana i nā ʻano hopena like ʻole e hana i kahi ʻano o nā derivatives. I waena o lākou, loaʻa nā hopena esterification a me etherification. ʻO ka cellulose ester a i ʻole cellulose ether derivatives ka mea nui o ka cellulose derivatives. ʻO nā huahana maʻamau ka carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose a pēlā aku. No ka mea, aia ka carboxymethyl cellulose i nā ion sodium i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole i kū i ka wai, a he liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā substituents ma kāna kaulahao nui, no laila ua maʻalahi ia e decomposed e ka bacterial corrosion, e hōʻemi ana i ka viscosity o ka hopena aqueous. pilau, a pela aku. Phenomenon, kakaikahi i hoohana ia i ka pena latex, i hoohana mau ia i ka pena kala a me ka putty. ʻO ka helu hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka methylcellulose he haʻahaʻa iki ma mua o ka hydroxyethylcellulose. Eia kekahi, aia paha kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, e pili ana i ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka manaʻo o ke kiʻi uhi, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pena latex. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻili o ka methyl aqueous solution ma mua o ka wai cellulose aqueous solution ʻē aʻe, no laila he mea hoʻonaninani cellulose maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka putty. ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kekahi mea hoʻomānoanoa cellulose i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kula o ka putty, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka putty kumu a i ʻole ka lime-calcium-based putty (a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopaʻa inorganic ʻē aʻe). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Hydroxyethyl cellulose i nā ʻōnaehana pena latex ma muli o kona hoʻoheheʻe wai maikaʻi a paʻa ka wai. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā celluloses ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka pumping kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa mālama maikaʻi, a me ka paʻa pH maikaʻi o ka viscosity. ʻO nā hemahema ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pae ʻana o ka wai a me ka pale ʻana i ka splash. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kēia mau hemahema, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi hydrophobic. Hydroxyethylcellulose pili i ka wahine (HMHEC) e like me NatrosolPlus330, 331
(3) Nā Polycarboxylates:
I loko o kēia polycarboxylate, he mānoanoa ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ke kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa he dispersant. Hoʻopili nui lākou i nā molekele wai i ke kaulahao nui o ka ʻōnaehana, e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka māhele i hoʻopuehu ʻia; Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana latex e hana i kahi papa uhi, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka nui o ka latex, e mānoanoa i ka papa hydration o ka latex, a e hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka māhele kūloko o ka latex. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa o kēia ʻano mānoanoa, no laila e hoʻopau mālie ʻia i nā noi uhi. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano mānoanoa i ka mānoanoa o ka paʻi kala, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona kaumaha mole, no laila he mea kōkua i ka dispersibility a me ka mālama paʻa o ka paʻi kala.
(4) ʻO ka mānoanoa alkali-huhū:
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā mānoanoa alkali-swellable: nā mānoanoa alkali-swellable maʻamau a me nā mānoanoa alkali-swellable hui. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou ʻo ka ʻokoʻa i nā monomers pili i loko o ke kaulahao molekala nui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mānoanoa alkali-swellable hui me nā monomers hui e hiki ke hoʻopili i kekahi i kekahi i ke kaulahao nui, no laila ma hope o ka ionization i loko o ka wai wai, intra-molecular a i ʻole inter-molecular adsorption hiki ke hana, e hoʻonui koke i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana.
a. Mānoanoa alkali-huhū mānoanoa:
ʻO ke ʻano mea nui o ka mea hoʻohālikelike o ka mānoanoa alkali-swellable maʻamau ʻo ASE-60. Hoʻohana nui ʻo ASE-60 i ka copolymerization o ka methacrylic acid a me ka ethyl acrylate. I loko o ke kaʻina hana copolymerization, methacrylic acid e pili ana i ka 1/3 o ka maʻiʻo paʻa, no ka mea, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā pūʻulu carboxyl e loaʻa i ke kaulahao mole i kahi degere o ka hydrophilicity, a hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana paʻakai. Ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā uku, hoʻonui ʻia nā kaulahao molekala, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana a hana i kahi hopena mānoanoa. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa ua nui loa ka paona molekala ma muli o ka hana a ka mea hoʻohui kea. I ka wā o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao molekala, ʻaʻole hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia ke kaulahao molekala i kahi manawa pōkole. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kaulahao molekala, kahi e lawe mai ai i ka Post-thickening o ka viscosity. Eia kekahi, no ka nui o nā monomers hydrophobic i loko o ke kaulahao mole o kēia ʻano mānoanoa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka paʻakikī hydrophobic ma waena o nā molekala, ʻo ka mea nui e hana i ka intramolecular mutual adsorption, no laila ʻo kēia ʻano mānoanoa he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila. kakaʻikahi i hoʻohana wale ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana me nā thickeners ʻē aʻe.
b. Hui (concord) ano alkali pehu mānoanoa:
He nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano mānoanoa ma muli o ke koho ʻana i nā monomers hui a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka molecular structure. ʻO kona ʻano kaulahao nui ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka methacrylic acid a me ka ethyl acrylate, a ʻo nā monomers hui like me nā antennae i loko o ka hale, akā he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō. ʻO kēia mau monomers hui e like me nā tentacles heʻe ka mea nui loa i ka hana mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka hui carboxyl i loko o ka hale i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a paʻakai, a ʻo ke kaulahao molekala e like me ka mānoanoa alkali-swellable maʻamau. Hoʻokahi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka uku, no laila e wehe ke kaulahao molekala. Hoʻonui pū ʻia ka monomer hui pū me ke kaulahao mole, akā aia i loko o kona hale nā kaulahao hydrophilic a me nā kaulahao hydrophobic, no laila e hana ʻia kahi ʻano micellar nui e like me nā surfactants i loko o ka mole a i ʻole ma waena o nā mole. Hana ʻia kēia mau micelles ma o ka hoʻopili like ʻana o nā monomers hui, a hoʻopili kekahi mau monomers hui i kekahi i kekahi ma o ka hopena hoʻopili o nā mea emulsion (a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā micelles, hoʻoponopono lākou i nā ʻāpana emulsion, nā ʻāpana mole wai a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka pā, i nāwaliwali ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau molekala (a i ʻole nā palapala) a me ka viscosity o ka piʻi ka ʻōnaehana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mānoanoa o kēia ʻano mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pena latex me ka emulsion kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mānoanoa alkali-swellable maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka pena latex. ʻO ka ʻelele huahana nui ʻO ke ʻano ʻo TT-935.
(5) ʻO ka polyurethane hui (a i ʻole polyether) mānoanoa a me ka pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka cellulose a me ka waikawa acrylic), a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau kaulahao i loko o ka wai wai e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana. He liʻiliʻi loa ke kaumaha molekala o ka polyurethane (a i ʻole polyether), a ʻo ia ka mea i hana nui i hui ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka ikaika van der Waals o ka ʻāpana lipophilic ma waena o nā molekala, akā nāwaliwali kēia ikaika hui, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka hui ma lalo o kekahi. ikaika o waho. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, no laila e hōʻemi ai i ka viscosity, kūpono i ka pae ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, no laila hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka leveling agent. Ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ikaika shear, hiki ke hoʻomaka koke i ka hui ʻana, a piʻi ka viscosity o ka ʻōnaehana. He mea maikaʻi kēia hanana e hōʻemi i ka viscosity a hoʻonui i ka pae i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana; a ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika shear, e hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia ka viscosity e hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ke kiʻi uhi. Ma nā hoʻohana pono, ʻoi aku ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka hopena mānoanoa o ia mau mea mānoanoa hui ma nā emulsion polymer. Hoʻokomo pū nā ʻāpana latex polymer nui i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, i loaʻa i kēia ʻano mānoanoa a me ka pae hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ke ʻano mānoanoa (a i ʻole ka pae ʻana) ke haʻahaʻa i kona ʻano koʻikoʻi; i ka wa o ka noonoo ana o keia ano mānoanoa a me ka pae hoʻopaʻapaʻa I ka wa i oi aku mamua o kona koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe, e hiki ke hana i nā hui ma ia iho, a me ka viscosity piʻi koke. No laila, i ka wā e emi iho ai kēia ʻano mānoanoa a me ka pae hoʻohaʻahaʻa ma mua o kona koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, komo nā ʻāpana latex i ka hui ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka emulsion, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hui, a me kona viscosity e hoʻonui me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ka nui o ka emulsion. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau dispersants (a i ʻole acrylic thickeners) i nā hale hydrophobic, a ʻo kā lākou hui hydrophobic e launa pū me nā polyurethane, no laila e hoʻokumu ka ʻōnaehana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele nui, kahi kūpono i ka mānoanoa.
2. Nā hopena o nā mānoanoa like ʻole i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai o ka pena latex
I ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻana i nā pena wai, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea mānoanoa he loulou koʻikoʻi loa ia, e pili ana i nā waiwai he nui o nā pena latex, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka hoʻomohala kala, ka mālama ʻana a me ke ʻano. Maanei mākou e nānā ai i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mānoanoa ma ka mālama ʻana i ka pena latex. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i luna, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka bentonite a me ka polycarboxylates: hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mānoanoa i kekahi mau uhi kūikawā, ʻaʻole e kūkākūkā ʻia ma aneʻi. E kūkākūkā nui mākou i ka cellulose maʻamau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ka pehu alkali, a me ka Polyurethane (a i ʻole polyether) mānoanoa, hoʻokahi a hui pū ʻia, e hoʻopilikia i ke kū ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale wai o nā pena latex.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mānoanoa me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose wale nō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai, maʻalahi ke hoʻoulu like. ʻO ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi ʻana i ka mānoanoa pehu alkali ʻaʻohe kaʻawale wai a me ka ua akā ʻo ka mānoanoa nui ma hope o ka mānoanoa. Hoʻohana hoʻokahi o ka polyurethane mānoanoa, ʻoiai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka mānoanoa, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka precipitate i hana ʻia e ia. A hoʻohana ia i ka hydroxyethyl cellulose a me ka alkali pehu mānoanoa pūhui, ʻaʻohe post-thickening, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī paʻakikī, maʻalahi e hoʻoulu, akā he liʻiliʻi ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hydroxyethyl cellulose a me ka polyurethane e mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale wai, akā ʻaʻohe ua paʻakikī. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka mānoanoa alkali-swellable a me ka polyurethane, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai, akā ma hope o ka mānoanoa, a ʻo ka sediment ma lalo he paʻakikī ke hoʻoulu like. A ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻohana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hydroxyethyl cellulose me ka pehu alkali a me ka mānoanoa polyurethane e loaʻa kahi kūlana kūlike me ka ʻole o ka ua a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana emulsion acrylic maʻemaʻe me ka hydrophobicity ikaika, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka mānoanoa o ka wai me ka hydrophilic hydroxyethyl cellulose, akā hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻoulu ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi o ka hydrophobic alkali swelling a me ka polyurethane (a i ʻole kā lākou hui) mānoanoa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai, akā mānoanoa nā mea ʻelua ma hope, a inā he ua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka ua paʻakikī, he paʻakikī ke hoʻoulu like. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose a me ka polyurethane compound thickening, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa loa o ka hydrophilic a me ka lipophilic waiwai, ka hopena i ka hoʻokaʻawale wai koʻikoʻi a me ka ua, akā palupalu ka sediment a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻoulu. Loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana hope ka hana hoʻokaʻawale anti-wai maikaʻi loa ma muli o ke kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o ka hydrophilic a me ka lipophilic. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā maoli, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano o nā emulsions a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea hoʻopuehu a me kā lākou hydrophilic a lipophilic waiwai. Aia wale nō i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koena maikaʻi e hiki ai i ka ʻōnaehana ke noho i kahi kūlana thermodynamic equilibrium a loaʻa i kahi pale wai maikaʻi.
I ka ʻōnaehana mānoanoa, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka pae wai i kekahi manawa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o ka pae ʻaila. No ka laʻana, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he mānoanoa ka mānoanoa o ka cellulose i ka pae wai, akā hoʻohele ʻia ka cellulose i ka pae wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-29-2022