ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe nui mai ka Cellulose Etera

Ua aʻo ʻia ke kaʻina hana a me ka hana huahana o carboxymethyl cellulose i hoʻopili ʻia e N, N-methylenebisacrylamide e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka resin superabsorbent, a ua kūkākūkā ʻia ke ʻano o ka alkali, ka nui o ka hui cross-linking, alkali etherification, a me ka solvent. ʻO ka hopena o ka dosage i ka hana ʻana o ka wai o ka huahana. Ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano hana adsorption o ka resin absorbent wai i ka wai. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka waiwai mālama wai (WRV) o kēia huahana a hiki i 114ml / g.

Hua'ōlelo nui:cellulose ether; methylenebisacrylamide; hoomakaukau ana

1、Hoʻolauna

ʻO ka resin superabsorbent kahi mea polymer me nā pūʻulu hydrophilic ikaika a me kahi pae o ka crosslinking. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai maʻamau e like me ka pepa, ka pulupulu, a me ka hemp he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hiki ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ʻoiai hiki i nā resins super-absorbent ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī, a ʻo ka gel i hana ʻia ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ʻaʻole e maloʻo. me ke kaomi iki. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa wai maikaʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a i ʻole i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.

Nui ka nui o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl, nā pūʻulu carboxyl a me nā ion hydrate sodium ma ke kaulahao mole o ka mea super absorbent i hana ʻia me ka cellulose. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, hoʻopuni ʻia ka wai e kahi ʻoihana macromolecular hydrophilic a hiki ke mālama ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi o waho. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ka wai i ka resin adsorption, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa o ka membrane semi-permeable ma waena o ka resin a me ka wai. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion mobile (Na+) i loko o ka resin absorbent wai, e like me Donnan's equilibrium kumukānāwai, hiki i kēia ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ion ke kumu osmotic pressure. Poor, hana i ka moistening a me ka pehu ikaika ikaika, ka wai e hele ma keia papa o semi-permeable membrane a hui me hydrophilic pūʻulu a me nā ions ma ka macromolecules o ka superabsorbent resin, e hoemi ana i ka noonoo ana o ka mobile ions, e hoike ana i ka wai kiʻekiʻe absorption a me ka pehu. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia kaʻina hana adsorption a hiki i ka ʻokoʻa o ka puʻe osmotic i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion mobile e like me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ikaika cohesive o ka pūnaewele molekala o ka resin polymer. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka resin superabsorbent i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka cellulose ʻo ia: ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ka wai paʻakai paʻakai maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano, a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, no laila he ākea. laula o na hoohana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pale wai, mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa lepo, a me ka mea mālama wai i ka ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke olakino, ka meaʻai, ka microbiology, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

2. Māhele hoʻokolohua

2.1 Kumu hoʻokolohua

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka pulupulu fiber superabsorbent resin ka mea nui e hoʻokumu i kahi hoʻolālā cross-linked me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻili fiber. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pūhui i loaʻa i ʻelua mau pūʻulu hana reactive. ʻO nā pūʻulu hana hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka vinyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide, acid chloride, oxirane, nitrile, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo N, N-methylenebisacrylamide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui cross-linking, me nā pae aʻe:

(1) Hoʻopili ʻo Cellulose (Rcell) me ka hopena alkaline e hoʻohua i ka cellulose alkali, a ʻo ka hopena alkalization o cellulose he hopena exothermic wikiwiki. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mahana he mea kūpono ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā fiber alkali a hiki ke kāohi i kā lākou hydrolysis. Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā waiʻona ke hoʻonui i ka maʻi o ka cellulose, kahi mea e pono ai ka alkalization a me ka etherification ma hope.

RcellOH+NaOH→RcellONa+H2O

(2) Alkali cellulose a me ka monochloroacetic acid e hoʻoulu i ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a ʻo ka hopena etherification no ka nucleophilic substitution reaction:

RcellONa+ClCH2COONa→RcellOCH2COONa+NaCl

(3) N, N-methylenebisacrylamide i hoʻopili ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka resin absorbent super. Ma muli o ka nui o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl ma ke kaulahao mole o ka carboxymethyl fiber, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka ionization o ka pūʻulu hydroxyl o cellulose a me ka ionization o ka paʻa pālua acryloyl ma ke kaulahao mole o N, N-methylenebisacrylamide hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ma lalo o ka hana. ʻO ka catalysis alkali, a laila hoʻohui ʻia ma waena o nā kaulahao molekula cellulose ma o Michael condensation, a e hana koke i ka hoʻololi proton me ka wai e lilo i wai-insoluble cellulose superabsorbent resin.

2.2 Nā mea maka a me nā mea hana

Nā mea waiwai: ka pulupulu absorbent (ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā liters), sodium hydroxide, monochloroacetic acid, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, ethanol piha, acetone.

Nā mea hana: ʻekolu ʻāʻī ʻāʻī, hoʻoulu uila, reflux condenser, suction filter flask, Buchner funnel, umu hoʻomaloʻo maloʻo, circulating water vacuum pump.

2.3 Ke ʻano hoʻomākaukau

2.3.1 Alkalina

E hoʻohui i 1 g o ka pulupulu absorbent i ka ʻōmole ʻāʻī ʻekolu, a laila e hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka solution sodium hydroxide a me ka ethanol piha, e mālama i ka mahana ma lalo o ke ana wela, a hoʻoulu i kekahi manawa.

2.3.2 Etherification

E hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka chloroacetic acid a hoʻoulu no 1h.

2.3.2 Hoʻopili ʻia

I ka hopena hope o ka etherification, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide i hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻokō i ka cross-linking, a hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka lumi wela no 2 mau hola.

2.3.4 Ma hope o ka hana ʻana

E hoʻohana i ka ʻakika glacial acetic e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 7, holoi i ka paʻakai me ka ethanol, holoi i ka wai me ka acetone, kānana me ka ʻū, a maloʻo maloʻo no 4 mau hola (ma kahi o 60 mau hola.°C, vacuum degere 8.8kPa) e kiʻi i kahi huahana filament pulupulu keʻokeʻo.

2.4 Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka helu hoʻoheheʻe wai (WRV) ma ke kānana ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohui ʻia ka 1g o ka huahana (G) i loko o ka beaker i loaʻa ka 100ml o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (V1), i hoʻoluʻu ʻia no 24 mau hola, kānana ʻia ma o ka pale kila stainless 200-mesh. , a ʻohi ʻia ka wai ma lalo o ka pale (V2). Penei ke kumu helu helu: WRV=(V1-V2)/G.

3. Nā hopena a me ke kūkākūkā

3.1 Ke koho ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻonā alkalina

I ke kaʻina hana o ka alkali cellulose e ka hana o ka pulupulu pulupulu a me ka hopena alkaline, he hopena koʻikoʻi nā kūlana kaʻina i ka hana o ka huahana. Nui nā kumu i ka hopena alkaliization. No ka maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua orthogonal.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe: ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe he 20ml o ka ethanol piha, ʻo ka ratio o ka alkali me ka etherifying agent (mol/md) ʻo 3: 1, a ʻo ka mea hoʻohui cross he 0.05g.

Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa hoʻokolohua: pili mua a lua: C>A>B, ka lakio maikaʻi loa: A3B3C3. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka lye ka mea nui loa i ka hopena alkaliization. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lye e kūpono i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka cellulose alkali. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lye, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai o ka resin superabsorbent i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. No laila, i ka holoi ʻana i ka paʻakai me ka ethanol, e holoi pinepine iā ia e hōʻoia i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakai i loko o ka huahana, i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka hiki o ka wai o ka huahana.

3.2 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana crosslinking ma ka huahana WRV

ʻO nā kūlana hoʻokolohua: 20ml o ka ethanol piha, 2.3: 1 ratio o ka alkali i ka etherification agent, 20ml o ka lye, a me 90min o ka alkalization.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui keʻa i hoʻopili i ka degere hoʻohui keʻa o CMC-Na. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke keʻa e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻolālā pūnaewele paʻa i ka wahi huahana, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai a me ka elasticity maikaʻi ʻole ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai; i ka wā liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui keʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana, a aia nā huahana hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, e hoʻopilikia pū i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai. Ke emi ka nui o ka mea hoʻopili keʻa ma mua o 0.06g, piʻi ka nui o ka hoʻomoʻa wai me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka mea hoʻopili cross-linking, ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui cross-linking ma mua o 0.06g, e emi ana ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai. me ka nui o ka mea hookui kea. No laila, ʻo ke ʻano o ka crosslinking agent ma kahi o 6% o ka nui o ka pulupulu pulupulu.

3.3 Ka hopena o nā kūlana etherification ma ka huahana WRV

ʻO nā kūlana hoʻokolohua: ka hoʻonui alkali 40%; ka nui alkali 20ml; ethanol piha 20ml; 0.06g ka lāʻau lapaʻau; alkaliization 90min.

Mai ke kumu hoʻohālikelike kemika, ʻo ka ratio alkali-ether (NaOH: CICH2-COOH) he 2: 1, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka alkali i hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o kēia ratio, no ka mea, pono e hōʻoia ʻia kahi ʻano alkali manuahi i ka ʻōnaehana pane. , no ka mea: kekahi ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kumu kūʻokoʻa e kūpono i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hopena alkaliization; pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline; ʻai kekahi mau ʻaoʻao i ka alkali. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻohui nui ʻia ka nui o ka alkali, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka fiber alkali, a i ka manawa like, e hoʻemi ʻia ka pono o ka etherification agent. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ʻo ka ratio o ka alkali me ka ether ma kahi o 2.5:1.

3.4 Ka hopena o ka nui solvent

ʻO nā kūlana hoʻokolohua: ka hoʻonui alkali 40%; ʻano alkaline 20ml; ratio alkali-ether 2.5:1; 0.06g, alkaliization 90min.

ʻO ka solvent anhydrous ethanol ka hana o ka dispersing, homogenizing a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana slurry o ka ʻōnaehana, he mea pono e hoʻopuehu a hoʻoneʻe i ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka cellulose alkali, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hopena hydrolysis o ka cellulose alkali, a laila e loaʻa ai ka lole. cellulose . Eia naʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiʻona i hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alkali a me ka sodium monochloroacetate i loko, e emi ana ka neʻe ʻana o nā reactants, e emi ka hopena o ka hopena, a e loaʻa pū kekahi i kahi hopena ʻino i ka crosslinking ma hope. Ke 20ml ka nui o ka ethanol, nui ka waiwai WRV.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo nā kūlana kūpono loa no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka resin superabsorbent mai ka pulupulu absorbent alkalized a me ka etherified carboxymethyl cellulose i hoʻopili ʻia e N, N-methylenebisacrylamide: ʻo ka alkaline 40%, solvent-free 20ml o ka wai a me ka ethanol, ka ratio o ka alkali i ka etera. he 2.5:1, a he 0.06g (6% o ka nui o ka pulupulu liters).