Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ka mortar wet-mixed a me ka mortar maloʻo e like me ke ʻano hana. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka wai i hui pū ʻia me ka wai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mortar maloʻo. Nui nā mea maka i komo i loko o ka mīkini paʻipaʻi mākaukau. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea cementitious, aggregates, a me nā mineral admixtures, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā admixtures e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona plasticity, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a me ke kūlike. Nui nā ʻano mea hoʻohui no ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex pauka, bentonite, etc. mai ka haku mele; hiki ke maheleia i ea-entraining agent, stabilizer, anti-cracking fiber, Retarder, accelerator, water reducer, dispersant, etc. Keia 'atikala loiloi i ka holomua noiʻi o kekahi mau mea hoʻohana mau admixtures i loko o mākaukau-mixed mortar.
1 Nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau no ka hamo i hoʻohui ʻia
1.1 Ea-entraining agent
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea he mea hana ikaika, aʻo nāʻano maʻamau e pili ana i nā resins rosin, alkyl a me alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i ka mortar, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pūʻulu hydrophilic o ka molekele hoʻoheheʻe ea me nā ʻāpana sima, aʻo ka hui hydrophobic e hoʻopili ʻia me nā ea liʻiliʻi. A hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia i loko o ka mortar, i mea e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ke kaʻina hana hydration mua o ka sima, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka nalowale o ka paʻa, a i ka manawa like, hiki i nā ea liʻiliʻi ke pāʻani i kahi hana lubricating, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pumpability a me ka sprayability o ka mortar.
ʻO ka hopena o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i ka hana o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe mīkini mākaukau, ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina: ua hoʻokomo ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i kahi helu nui o nā ea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mortar, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ka ke kū'ē i ka wā o ka pahū ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka clogging Phenomenon; ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea e hōʻemi i ka hana ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa o ka mortar, a me ka nalowale o ka tensile bond ikaika hana o ka mortar e piʻi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike; Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i ke kūpaʻa, 2h ka nui o ka nalowale ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar ʻO ka helu a me nā hōʻailona hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe mīkini, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kumu i ka nalowale o ka ikaika compressive a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ikaika o ka moka.
ʻO ka mana o ʻekolu mau mea kūʻai maʻamau e hoʻokomo i ka ea ma luna o ka moka i hoʻohui ʻia. Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻana me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka mea hoʻokomo i ka ea ke hoʻemi maikaʻi i ka momona momona o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a me ka ʻike o ka mortar Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ea a me ke kūlike, ʻoiai ka hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me ka ikaika compressive; a ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā hoʻololi kuhikuhi hana o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me cellulose ether a me ka ea-entraining agent, ua ʻike ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ma hope o ka hui ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea a me ka cellulose ether. Hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻopau i kekahi mau mea hoʻokomo i ka ea, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea, ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua i kekahi mau mana i nā waiwai o ka mortar. Ua ʻike ʻo Wang Quanlei ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ea-entraining agent e hoʻonui i ka shrinkage rate o ka mortar, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka shrinkage reducing agent e hoʻemi nui i ka shrinkage rate o mortar. Hiki iā lāua ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka haki ʻana o ke apo momi. Ke hui pū ʻia nā mea ʻelua, ʻaʻole e loli nui ka shrinkage rate o ka mortar, a hoʻonui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ka māwae.
1.2 Ka pauda latex hiki ke ho'opalapala
ʻO ka pauka latex redispersible he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mortar pauka maloʻo prefabricated i kēia lā. ʻO ia ka wai-soluble organic polymer i hana ʻia e ka high-molecular polymer emulsion ma o ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo ʻo Roger ʻo ka emulsion i hana ʻia e ka pauka latex hou i loko o ka momi sima e hana i kahi ʻano kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer i loko o ka pahū, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke kū i ka pōʻino.
ʻO nā hopena noiʻi noiʻi o ka pauka latex redispersible i loko o ka mortar sima e hōʻike ana i ka pauka latex redispersible hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka elasticity a me ka paʻakikī o nā mea, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana kahe o ka mortar hou i hui pū ʻia, a loaʻa kekahi hopena hoʻemi wai. Ua ʻimi kāna hui i ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻōla i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar, a hiki i ka hopena like ʻo ka pauka latex dispersible e hōʻike i ka mortar i ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe i kū i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa. Ua noi mākou i ka XCT e aʻo i ka hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pauka lāʻau i loko o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia ma ka hale pore, a manaʻo mākou e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mortar maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lua a me ka nui o nā lua o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia.
Ua koho ʻia nā māka like ʻole a me ka nui o ka pauka lāʻau i hoʻololi ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ko lākou mana i ka hana ʻana o ka momi wai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena noiʻi i ka wā o ka nui o ka pauka i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka laulā o 1.0% a i 1.5%, ʻoi aku ka kaulike o ka hana o nā māka like ʻole. . Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka pauka latex redispersible i ka sima, hoʻolohi ka hydration rate mua o ka sima, hoʻopili ke kiʻi polymer i nā ʻāpana sima, hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka sima, a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole. Ma o ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hui ʻana i ka pauka latex redispersible i loko o ka pahu sima hiki ke hōʻemi i ka wai, a hiki i ka pauka latex a me ka sima ke hana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar, e hoʻemi i nā hakahaka o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar.
ʻO ka hopena hoʻololi o ka pauka latex redispersible ma luna o nā waiwai o ka mortar ciment sand ultra-fine. I ka noiʻi, ʻo ka ratio lime-sand paʻa he 1: 2.5, ʻo ke kūlike (70 ± 5) mm, a koho ʻia ka nui o ka pauka lāʻau e like me 0-3% o ka nui o ka lime-sand, nā loli i ka ʻO nā waiwai microscopic o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia i nā lā 28 ua nānā ʻia e SEM, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka pauka latex redispersible, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kiʻi polymer i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka huahana hydration mortar, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana. ka hamo.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka pauka latex redispersible i loko o ka mortar insulation EPS, hōʻike ka noiʻi ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ka mortar sima, e hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana polymer a me ka cement, e hana ana i kahi papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kekahi, a hana i kahi pūnaewele piha i ka wā o ka hydration. hale, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ikaika tensile hoʻopaʻa a me ka hana hana ʻana o ka mortar insulation thermal.
1.3 Pauda mānoanoa
ʻO ka hana o ka pauka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana piha o ka mortar. He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole i ka ea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā ʻano mea like ʻole, polymers organik, surfactants a me nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pauka mānoanoa ka pauka latex redispersible, bentonite, ka pauka mineral inorganic, ka mānoanoa hoʻopaʻa wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he hopena adsorption i nā molekole wai kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka paʻa ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi. nā sima like ʻole. Hiki i ka hoʻohālikelike ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar. Ua aʻo mākou i ka hopena o ka pauka mānoanoa HJ-C2 ma luna o nā waiwai o ka mortar maʻamau i hui pū ʻia me ka maloʻo, a ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka hopena liʻiliʻi o ka pauka mānoanoa i ka kūlike a me ka ikaika compressive 28d o ka mortar maʻamau i hui pū ʻia, a he maikaʻi. ka hopena i ka pae ʻana o ka hopena hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mortar. ʻO ka mana o ka pauka mānoanoa a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kino a me nā mechanical a me ka lōʻihi o ka mortar hou ma lalo o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hōʻike nā hopena noiʻi ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka mortar hou ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauka mānoanoa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka latex redispersible e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar a hoʻemi i ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether a me nā mea mineral inorganic e hōʻemi i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar; Ua hoʻopilikiaʻia ka lōʻihi o ka mīkini maloʻo maloʻo, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka emiʻana o ka mortar. ʻO ka hopena o ka hui pū ʻana o ka bentonite a me ka cellulose ether ma nā hōʻailona hana o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana mortar maikaʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka bentonite ma kahi o 10kg / m3, a me ka nui o ka cellulose ether. ʻO ke kāpili 0.05% o ka nui o nā mea cementitious. Ma kēia māhele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pauka mānoanoa i hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻelua i ka hana piha o ka mortar.
1.4 Cellulose Etera
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka cellulose ether mai ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pā hale kanu e ka mea mahiʻai Farani ʻo Anselme Payon i nā makahiki 1830. Hana ʻia ia ma ka hana ʻana i ka cellulose mai ka lāʻau a me ka pulupulu me ka soda caustic, a laila hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka hopena kemika. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana o ka wai a me nā hopena mānoanoa o ka cellulose ether, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka cellulose ether i ka sima hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar hou. I loko o nā mea hana sima, ʻo nā ʻano mea maʻamau o cellulose ether ka methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ka mea nui loa. hoʻohana mau ʻia.
He mana nui ko Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) i ka wai, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar self-leveling. Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ke kūlike o ka mortar, a pāʻani i kahi hopena hoʻomaha maikaʻi; i ka manawa o ka nui o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma waena o 0.02% a me 0.04%, ua emi loa ka ikaika o ka pahū. Ua kūkākūkā ʻo Xu Fenlian i ka mana o ka hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini paʻi mākaukau ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mea o ka hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa e pāʻani ana ka cellulose ether i ka hopena ea a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana o ka mortar. ʻO kona paʻa wai e hoʻemi i ka stratification o ka mortar a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar. He mea hoʻohui waho ia e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar. I loko o ke kaʻina hana noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether, i ʻole e alakaʻi i ka piʻi nui o ka ea o ka mortar, ka hopena o ka emi ʻana o ka density, ka nalowale o ka ikaika a me kahi. ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar. ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma nā waiwai o ka mortar mākaukau. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, a i ka manawa like he hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai nui i ka mortar. Hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hana i ka hui ʻana i ka mortar Hoʻemi i ka nui, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho, hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika flexural a me ka compressive. ʻO ka cellulose ether a me ka starch ether ʻelua ʻano mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia i ka mīkini hana. ʻO ka hopena o nā meaʻelua i huiʻia i loko o ka hamo maloʻo i ka hanaʻana o ka hamo. Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki i ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar.
Ua aʻo ka nui o nā loea i ka mana o ka cellulose ether i ka ikaika o ka mortar sima, akā ma muli o ke ʻano o ka cellulose ether, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana molekala, e hopena i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka hana o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka hopena o ka viscosity a me ke ʻano o ka cellulose ether ma nā ʻano mechanical o ka slurry cement. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia me ka cellulose ether me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka ikaika compressive o ka slurry ciment e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke ʻano o ka cellulose ether. ʻO ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa hope ʻana, ʻoiai ka ikaika flexural i hōʻike i kahi kaʻina hoʻololi o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ka emi ʻana, ka paʻa a me ka piʻi iki.
2 Epilogue
(1) Ua kaupalena ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua, a ʻo ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana sima ʻaʻole i kākoʻo hohonu i ka ʻōnaehana theoretical. Loaʻa ka nele o ka loiloi quantitative o ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā admixtures ma ka molecular composition o nā mea sima, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikaika pili pili, a me ke kaʻina hydration.
(2) Pono e hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka mea hoʻohui i ka noi ʻenehana. I kēia manawa, ua kaupalena ʻia nā loiloi he nui i ka nānā ʻana i ka lab. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o nā substrates o ka pā, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, ka wai absorption, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe nā koi like ʻole i nā hōʻailona kino o ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. ʻO nā kau like ʻole, nā mahana, ka wikiwiki o ka makani, ka mana o nā mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia a me nā ʻano hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili pono i ka mortar pre-mixed. Ka hopena o ka hui ʻana i ka moka. I mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena hoʻohana maikaʻi i ka ʻenekinia, pono e hoʻopili piha ʻia ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a pilikino ponoʻī, a pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho laina hana a me nā koi o ka ʻoihana, a pono e lawe ʻia ka hōʻoia o ka hana ʻana o ke ʻano hana. i waho, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka optimization.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-22-2022