ʻO ka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ka pauka he polymer synthetic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i loaʻa ka nui o nā noi i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea laina, polymeric i hana ʻia mai ka hydrolysis o polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Hoʻoholo ka degere o ka hydrolysis (DH) o PVA i kona solubility i ka wai, me nā koina DH kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka solubility kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa ka pauka PVA ma nā papa like ʻole, ma muli o ka waiwai DH a me ke kaumaha mole.

ʻO nā waiwai o ka pauka PVA PVA pauka he mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa e lilo ia i koho kaulana i nā noi he nui. Aia kekahi o kēia mau waiwai:

1. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai: ʻO ka pauka PVA he mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, e maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai e hana i kahi hopena maʻemaʻe.
2. Hoʻokumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni: Hiki i ka pauka PVA ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻemaʻe, maʻalahi, a ikaika hoʻi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a laila maloʻo.
3. Adhesion: Hiki i ka pauka PVA ke hoʻopili i nā ʻano like ʻole, e lilo ia i koho kaulana i nā mea hoʻopili.
4. Biodegradability: ʻO ka pauka PVA he biodegradable, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke wāwahi ʻia e nā kaʻina kūlohelohe.

Nā noi o ka pauka PVA

1. Adhesives: Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka pauka PVA ma ke ʻano he mea nui i nā adhesives. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ke kolu lāʻau, ke kāpili pepa, a me nā mea hoʻopili textile. He kūpono ka PVA adhesive no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wahi porous, e like me ka pepa, ka pahu, a me ka lāʻau.
2. Packaging: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha e like me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā uhi. ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka pauka PVA he ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai pale kino maikaʻi, a me ka mālamalama optical maikaʻi.
3. ʻOihana lole: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i ka ʻoihana textile e hana i nā mea nui no ka ʻili a me nā lole. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻili a i ʻole ka lole, e maʻalahi ai ka ulana ʻana a me ka lawelawe ʻana.
4. ʻOihana pepa: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i ka ʻoihana pepa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui wai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika, ka pale wai, a me ka paʻi ʻana o ka pepa.
5. ʻOihana hana: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i ka ʻoihana hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa no ka sima a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he uhi no nā ʻili paʻa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kūpaʻa wai.
6. Nā huahana mālama pilikino: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i nā huahana mālama pilikino e like me ka lauoho lauoho, shampoos, a me nā gels. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kiʻiʻoniʻoni-mua a me ka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano a me ka hana o kēia mau huahana.
7. ʻOihana Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka PVA i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau e hana i nā hydrogels, nā lole ʻeha, a me nā ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau. ʻO ka biocompatibility a me ka wai-solubility o PVA e lilo ia i mea kūpono no kēia mau noi.

Loaʻa nā ʻano o ka pauka PVA PVA pauka i nā papa like ʻole, e pili ana i kona waiwai DH a me ke kaumaha mole. ʻO ka waiwai DH o ka pauka PVA mai 87% a 99%. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai DH, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai-soluble i ka pauka PVA. ʻO ka paona molekala o ka pauka PVA mai kekahi mau tausani a i kekahi mau miliona.

1. ʻO ka pauka PVA hydrolyzed piha: ʻO kēia ʻano o ka pauka PVA he waiwai DH o 99% a i ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā noi e like me nā adhesives, packaging, a me nā textiles.
2. Partally hydrolyzed PVA pauka: ʻO kēia ʻano o ka pauka PVA he waiwai DH mai 87% a 98%. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ma mua o ka pauka PVA hydrolyzed piha a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā noi e like me ka pepa a me ke kūkulu ʻana.