ʻO ka mortar maloʻo-mixed kahi hui o nā mea cementitious (cement, fly ash, slag powder, etc.), special graded fine aggregates (quartz sand, corundum, etc., a i kekahi manawa e koi aku i nā Granules māmā, perlite hoʻonui, vermiculite hoʻonui, etc. ) a hui pū ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i kekahi ʻāpana, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke, barela a hāʻawi ʻia paha i loko o ka nui i loko o ka moku maloʻo maloʻo ma ke ʻano he mea hale.
Wahi a ka noi, he nui nā ʻano o ka mortar pāʻoihana, e like me ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo no ka masonry, ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo no ka plastering, ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo no ka lepo, ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo kūikawā no ka wai wai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe. No ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo i loko o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo maʻamau (masonry, plastering a me ka lepo maloʻo-mixed mortar) a me ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo kūikawā. Special maloʻo-mixed motar komo: pono-leveling papahele papa, aahu-kuʻe i ka papahele mea, 'ole ke ahi aahu-pale ka papahele, inorganic caulking agent, wai punawai, resin plastering mortar, konekia ili pale mea, kala plastering mortar, etc.
No laila he nui nā mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia e koi i nā admixtures o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hana ʻia ma o ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui kuʻuna kuʻuna, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui maloʻo maloʻo i loko o ke ʻano pauka, a ʻo ka lua, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu, a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe mālie ʻia ma lalo o ka hana o ka alkalinity e hoʻokō i kā lākou hopena kūpono.
1. Thickener, ka wai-wai-wai a me ka stabilizer Ordinary mortar i hoomakaukauia e ka sima, inert a me ka ikaika o ka mineral admixture, a me ka maikai aggregate, kona mau hemahema i ka ilihune cohesion, ilihune paʻa, oluolu koko, segregation, Subsidence, paakiki hana, ma hope o ke kukulu ana, ka. He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, maʻalahi ka haki, nāwaliwali wai, maikaʻi ʻole ka lōʻihi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻololi ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui kūpono. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka cohesion, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ke kūpaʻa o ka mortar, nā mea hoʻohui i hiki ke koho ʻia me ka cellulose ether, ka starch ether i hoʻololi ʻia, ka waiʻona polyvinyl, polyacrylamide a me ka pauka mānoanoa.
ʻO ka cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) i hana ʻia i nā mea polymer maoli (e like me ka pulupulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) non-ionic cellulose ether i hana ʻia e ka lāʻau kemika. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka solubility wai anuanu, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka mānoanoa, cohesiveness, kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, lubricity, non-ionic a me ka pH stability. Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe wai anuanu o kēia ʻano huahana, a hoʻonui ʻia ka mana paʻa wai, ʻike ʻia ka waiwai mānoanoa, liʻiliʻi ke anawaena o nā ea ea i hoʻokomo ʻia, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar. hoʻonui nui ʻia.
ʻAʻole wale nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka cellulose ether, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi kahi ākea o ke kaumaha molecular awelika a me ka viscosity mai 5mPa. s i 200,000 mPa. s, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o ka mortar i ka pae hou a ma hope o ka paʻakikī. Pono e hana ʻia kahi helu nui o nā hoʻokolohua i ke koho ʻana i kahi koho kikoʻī. E koho i kahi ʻano cellulose me kahi viscosity kūpono a me ka laulā molecular weight, kahi mea liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻohe waiwai e komo i ka ea. Ma kēia ala wale nō e loaʻa koke ai. ʻO ka hana ʻenehana kūpono, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ka waiwai maikaʻi.
Starch Ether He etera i hana ʻia e ka hopena o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl ma nā molekole glucose starch me nā reagents kemika, i kapa ʻia ʻo starch ether a i ʻole starch etherified. ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā ethers starch i hoʻololi ʻia he: sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), cyanoethyl starch, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. , uhi, desizing, sizing, dispersion and stabilization, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, textile, papermaking, lāʻau kemika a me ka ʻaila a me nā keʻena ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo o ka starch ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lepo maloʻo. ʻO nā kumu nui: ① ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ka starch ether he mea liʻiliʻi, ʻo 1/3 wale nō i ka 1/4 o cellulose ether; ② ʻO ka starch ether i hui pū ʻia me ka mortar e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka viscosity, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka paʻa a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar; ③ Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka starch ether me ka cellulose ether i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i ka hopena anti-sagging o ka mortar. I kekahi mau huahana mortar, e like me ka pā seramika a me ka papahele tile adhesives, nā mea lapaʻau hoʻokalakupua, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā morta pāʻoihana maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka starch ether ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa nui a me ka mea mālama wai a me ka stabilizer. Akā i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hana starch ether ma koʻu ʻāina, nui ka nui o lākou e noho wale i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā huahana kumu, a he kakaikahi wale nō nā mea hana e hana a hoʻolako i ka starch ether i hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻokō i kahi o ka noi o nā mea hana mortar.
ʻO ka pauka mānoanoa ʻO ka pauda mānoanoa he huahana hou i hoʻomohala ʻia e hoʻololi i ka hana ʻana i ka lepo maloʻo maʻamau (makaukau-mixed). Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ia me nā minerala inorganic a me nā mea polymer organik, ʻaʻole i loko o ka lime a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka ea. Ma kahi o 5% a i ka 20% o ke kaumaha o ka sima. I kēia manawa, i ka hana ʻana i ka mortar waiwai maʻamau ma Shanghai, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pauka mānoanoa e like me ka mānoanoa, mālama wai a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a he mea kupaianaha ka hopena.
ʻO ka polyvinyl alcohol a me ka polyacrylamide ka nui o ka viscosity ākea, akā i kekahi manawa he nui ka nui o ka ea, a i ʻole ka nui o ka koi wai o ka mortar ma hope o ka hui ʻana, no laila e hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua e koho ai.
2. ʻO ka hana nui o ka redispersible latex powder thickener e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka paʻa o ka mortar. ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke pale i ka mortar mai ka māhā (e hoʻolohi i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai) i kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mortar. a me ke ano wai.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā polymers e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka impermeability, ka paʻakikī, ka pale ʻana a me ka hopena o ka mortar a me ke koki. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka polymer emulsions no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mortar sima a me ka paʻa paʻa: neoprene rubber emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine partial rubber emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, etc. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻaʻole wale. ua aʻo hohonu ʻia nā hopena hoʻololi o nā polymers like ʻole, akā ua aʻo ʻia hoʻi ke ʻano hana hoʻololi, ke ʻano pilina ma waena o nā polymers a me ka cement, a me nā huahana hydration cement. ʻOi aku ka hohonu o ka nānā ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana, a ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā hopena noiʻi ʻepekema.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka emulsion Polymer i ka hana ʻana i ka mīkini i hoʻohui ʻia, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo, no laila ua hānau ʻia ka pauka latex redispersible. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka pauka latex redispersible i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mortar pauka maloʻo ka mea nui: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ homopolymer acrylate ( Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), etc. Ma waena o lākou, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ka nui o ka hoʻohana lākiō.
Ua hōʻoia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana o ka pauka latex redispersible he paʻa, a he mau hopena like ʻole i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar, hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻano paʻakikī, deformation, crack resistance and impermeability, etc. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, etc. hiki no hoi ke hoemi loa i ka wai absorption o ka mortar (no kona hydrophobicity), e hana ana i ka mortar ea-permeable a me ka impermeable, e hoʻonui i ka Ua kū i ka wā a ua hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kona brittleness, ʻo ka hopena o ka pauka latex redispersible i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa wai o ka mortar a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona cohesion ua kaupalena ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka latex redispersible hiki ke hoʻopuehu a hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka ea-entrainment i loko o ka hui mortar, ua maopopo loa kona hopena hoʻemi wai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻōpū ea i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ka hopena o ka wai i ka ikaika. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, e emi mālie ka ikaika o ka mortar me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka pauka latex redispersible. No laila, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi mau mortar e pono e noʻonoʻo i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural, pono pinepine e hoʻohui i kahi defoamer i ka manawa like i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka pauka latex i ka ikaika compressive a me ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar. .
3. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose, starch ether a me nā mea polymer, ʻo ka defoamer me ke kānalua ʻole e hoʻonui i ka waiwai o ka mortar. Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, pili ia i ka ikaika compressive, ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar, a hoʻemi i kona modulus elastic. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he hopena nui nō hoʻi ia i ke ʻano o ka mortar, no laila he mea pono loa e hoʻopau i nā ʻōpū ea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mortar. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā defoamers pauka maloʻo i lawe ʻia ma Kina e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia, akā pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe o ka mortar commodity, ʻaʻole he hana maʻalahi ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ea.
4. Anti-sagging agent I ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā tile seramika, nā papa polystyrene foamed, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar insulation particle powder polystyrene, e hāʻule ana ka pilikia nui loa. Ua hōʻoia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka starch ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin a me montmorillonite kahi ana kūpono e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka moka ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka hopena nui i ka pilikia o ka sagging ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi shear mua o ka mortar, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻonui i kāna thixotropy. Ma nā hoʻohana pono, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke koho i kahi anti-sagging agent maikaʻi, no ka mea pono e hoʻoponopono i ka pilina ma waena o thixotropy, workability, viscosity a me ka koi wai.
5. Mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻO ka hana wai ʻole a i ʻole ka wai-repellent o ka mortar plastering, tile caulking agent, decorative color mortar and dry-mixed mortar i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paia o waho o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe plastering lahilahi, e pono ai ka hoʻohui ʻana o Powdered. ka wai hoʻopau, akā pono e loaʻa nā ʻano penei: ① hana i ka mortar hydrophobic holoʻokoʻa a mālama i ka hopena lōʻihi; ② ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ikaika paʻa o ka ʻili; ③ kekahi mau wai repellents maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mākeke, e like me ka Calcium fatty acid, ʻaʻole ia he hydrophobic additive kūpono no ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea hana no ka hana mechanical, no ka mea paʻakikī ke hui koke a kūlike me ka mortar sima.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe wai paʻa paʻa i ka silane, ʻo ia ka huahana silane pauka i loaʻa ma ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka silane i uhi ʻia i ka wai-soluble colloids pale a me nā mea anti-caking agents. I ka hui ʻana o ka mortar me ka wai, e hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka pūpū colloid pale o ka wai-repellent agent i ka wai, a hoʻokuʻu i ka silane encapsulated e hoʻoheheʻe hou i loko o ka wai hui. I loko o ke kaona alkaline loa ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka sima, ua hydrolyzed nā pūʻulu hana hydrophilic i loko o ka silane e hana i nā pūʻulu silanol reactive, a ke hoʻomau nei nā hui silanol i ka hoʻohuli ʻole ʻia me nā hui hydroxyl i loko o nā huahana hydration sima e hana i nā mea paʻa kemika, i hiki ai i ka ua hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka silane i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka ʻili o ka paia pore o ka momi sima. Ke kū nei nā pūʻulu hana hydrophobic i waho o ka pā pore, loaʻa ka hydrophobicity i ka ʻili o nā pores, a laila e lawe mai i ka hopena hydrophobic holoʻokoʻa i ka mortar.
6. ʻO ka Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine e hoʻopili i nā mea nani o ka mortar hoʻonaninani i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima, kahi pilikia maʻamau e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia. Wahi a nā hōʻike, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia kahi mea hoʻohui anti-pantherine i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka resin i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka pauka redispersible me ka hana hoʻoulu maikaʻi. He mea kūpono kēia huahana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uhi hoʻomaha, putties, caulks a i ʻole hoʻopau ʻana i ka mortar formulations a he kūpono maikaʻi me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.
7. Fiber ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka fiber i loko o ka mortar hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika tensile, hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā fiber synthetic a me nā fila lāʻau i loko o ka hamo maloʻo. Chemical synthetic fibers, e like me ka polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, etc. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili, ʻaʻole wale kēia mau fibers i ka dispersibility maikaʻi, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nō hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa plastik a me ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini. ʻAʻole pili nui nā waiwai mechanical. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke anawaena o ka pulupulu lāʻau, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pulupulu lāʻau e hoʻolohe pono i ka piʻi ʻana o ka koi wai no ka mortar.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-04-2023