Nā hopena o nā mea pani a me ke kaumaha molekula ma nā ʻano o ka ʻili o ka Nonionic Cellulose Etera.

Wahi a Washburn ka impregnation theory (Penetration Theory) a me van Oss-Good-Chaudhury's combined theory (Combining Theory) a me ka hoohana ana i ka enehana columnar wick (Column Wicking Technique), he mau non-ionic cellulose ethers, e like me ka methyl cellulose. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose a me hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, nā degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me nā paona molekala o kēia mau cellulose ethers, ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou ʻilikai a me nā ʻāpana. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ka nui o ka Lewis base o non-ionic cellulose ether ma mua o ka waika Lewis, a ʻo ka mea nui o ka ikehu manuahi o ka ʻili ʻo ia ka ikaika Lifshitz-van der Waals. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻili o ka hydroxypropyl a me kona haku mele ma mua o ka hydroxymethyl. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka mea pani like a me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua kūlike ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl cellulose i ke kaumaha mole; ʻoiai ʻo ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e like me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ke ʻano like ʻole i ka paona molekala. Ua ʻike pū ka hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu ili o ka hydroxypropyl substituent a me ka hydroxypropylmethyl i loko o ka non-ionic cellulose ether ma mua o ka ikehu ili o cellulose, a ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua i ka ikehu ʻili o ka cellulose i hoʻāʻo ʻia a me kāna ʻikepili. kulike me ka palapala.

Hua'ōlelo nui: nonionic cellulose ethers; nā mea pani a me nā degere o ka hoʻololi; kaumaha mole; nā waiwai ili; ʻenehana wick

ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi ʻāpana nui o nā derivatives cellulose, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā anionic, cationic a me nā nonionic ethers e like me ke ʻano kemika o kā lākou ether substituents. ʻO ka cellulose ether kekahi o nā huahana mua loa i noiʻi ʻia a hana ʻia i ka kemika polymer. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka maʻemaʻe, nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā ʻoihana meaʻai.

ʻOiai ua hana ʻia nā cellulose ethers, e like me hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose a me hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a ua aʻo ʻia ka nui o kā lākou mau waiwai, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ko lākou ikehu honua, nā waiwai Alkali-reactive i kēia manawa. No ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana i kahi wai wai, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona acid-base reaction, e hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, pono loa ia e aʻo a hoʻomaopopo i nā hiʻohiʻona kemika o kēia cellulose ether pāʻoihana.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei he mea maʻalahi loa ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea hoʻohālike o ka cellulose derivatives me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻomākaukau, hoʻohana kēia pepa i nā huahana kalepa e like me nā laʻana e hōʻike i ko lākou ikehu ʻili, a ma muli o kēia, ka mana o nā substituents a me nā paona molekula o ia mau huahana ma ka ʻili. aʻo ʻia nā waiwai.

1. Māhele hoʻokolohua

1.1 Mea maka

ʻO ka non-ionic cellulose ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua ka huahana oKIMA CHEMICAL CO.,LTD,. ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia nā laʻana ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei ua hana ʻia nā derivatives cellulose me ka cellulose, ua kokoke nā hale ʻelua, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai o ka cellulose ma ka palapala, no laila hoʻohana kēia pepa i ka cellulose e like me ka laʻana maʻamau. ʻO ka laʻana cellulose i hoʻohana ʻia he code-inoa C8002 a ua kūʻai ʻia maiKIMA, CN. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hāpana i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo.

ʻO nā reagents i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua: ethane, diiodomethane, wai deionized, formamide, toluene, chloroform. ʻO nā wai a pau he huahana maʻemaʻe analytically koe wale ka wai i loaʻa ma ke kālepa.

1.2 Hana hoʻokolohua

Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana wicking kolamu, a ua ʻoki ʻia kahi ʻāpana (e pili ana i 10 cm) o kahi pipette maʻamau me ke anawaena o loko o 3 mm e like me ka paipu kolamu. E hoʻokomo i 200 mg o ka laʻana pauka i loko o ka paipu kolamu i kēlā me kēia manawa, a laila e hoʻoluliluli a hoʻopaʻa pololei ma lalo o ka ipu aniani me ke anawaena o loko o kahi o 3 knm, i hiki ke hoʻopili wale ʻia ka wai. E kaupaona i 1 mL o ka wai e ho'āʻo ʻia ai a hoʻokomo i loko o kahi ipu aniani, a e hoʻopaʻa i ka manawa kaiapuni t a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoinu ʻana X i ka manawa like. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua āpau ma ka lumi wela (25±1°C). ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻikepili ka awelika o ʻekolu mau hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike.

1.3 Ka helu ʻana i ka ʻikepili hoʻokolohua

ʻO ke kumu kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana wicking kolamu e hoʻāʻo ai i ka ikehu ʻili o nā mea pauka ʻo ia ka Washburn impregnation equation (Washburn penetration equation).

1.3.1 Ka ho'oholo 'ana i ka radius pono capillary Reff o ka hāpana ana

I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kaiapuni ʻo Washburn, ʻo ke ʻano no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pulu piha ʻo cos=1. 'O ia ho'i, ke koho 'ia ka wai e ho'okomo 'ia i loko o ka pa'a no ka loa'a 'ana o ke kūlana pulu piha, hiki iā mākou ke helu i ka radius pono capillary Reff o ka la'ana i ana 'ia ma o ka ho'ā'o 'ana i ka mamao a me ka manawa o ka ho'okomo 'ana e like me ka hihia kūikawā o ke kaiapuni Washburn.

1.3.2 Ka helu ikaika o Lifshitz-van der Waals no ka laana ana

Wahi a van Oss-Chaudhury-Good nā lula hoʻohui, ka pilina ma waena o nā hopena ma waena o nā wai a me nā paʻa.

1.3.3 Ka helu ʻana i ka ikaika Lewis acid-base o nā laʻana i ana ʻia

Ma keʻano laulā, ua manaʻo ʻia nā waiwai acid-base o nā mea paʻa mai ka ʻikepili i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai a me ka formamide. Akā ma kēia ʻatikala, ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻohe pilikia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau wai polar e ana i ka cellulose, akā i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether, no ka mea, haʻahaʻa loa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonā polar o ka wai/formamide i cellulose ether. , paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manawa. No laila, ua koho ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonā toluene/chloroform i hoʻokomo ʻia e Chibowsk. Wahi a Chibowski, he ʻōnaehana hoʻonā toluene/chloroform polar kekahi koho. ʻO kēia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau wai ʻelua i ka acidity kūikawā a me ka alkalinity, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe Lewis acidity o toluene, a ʻaʻohe Lewis alkalinity o ka chloroform. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa e ka toluene/chloroform solution system kokoke i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonā polar i manaʻo ʻia o ka wai/formamide, hoʻohana mākou i kēia mau ʻōnaehana wai polar ʻelua e hoʻāʻo ai i ka cellulose i ka manawa like, a laila loaʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​​​coefficients contraction. ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana ʻO ka ʻikepili i loaʻa ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cellulose ether me toluene / chloroform kokoke i nā hopena i loaʻa no ka ʻōnaehana wai / formamide. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cellulose ethers mai ka cellulose a he ʻano like loa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, kūpono paha kēia ʻano koho.

1.3.4 Ka helu ʻana o ka ikehu manuahi o ka ʻili

2. Nā hopena a me ke kūkākūkā

2.1 Cellulose maʻamau

Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana o kā mākou mau hopena hoʻāʻo ma nā laʻana maʻamau cellulose i ʻaelike maikaʻi kēia mau ʻikepili me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka palapala, he mea kūpono ke manaʻoʻiʻo e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hopena hōʻike ma cellulose ethers.

2.2 Nā hopena hoʻāʻo a me ke kūkākūkā o ka cellulose ether

I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether, paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mamao a me ka manawa o ka hoʻoinu ʻana ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai a me ka formamide. No laila, koho kēia pepa i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonā toluene/chloroform ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻē aʻe, a koho i ka ʻakika Lewis o cellulose ether ma muli o nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka wai/formamide a me toluene/chloroform ma cellulose a me ka pilina kūlike ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonā ʻelua. a me ka mana alkaline.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka cellulose ma ke ʻano he laʻana maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻano o nā ʻano acid-base o nā cellulose ethers. Ma muli o ka ho'āʻo pololei ʻana o ka hopena o ka impregnating cellulose ether me toluene/chloroform, he mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo.

'O ia ho'i, 'o ke 'ano a me ke kaumaha mole o na mea pani e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka waika-base o ka cellulose etera, a me ka pilina ma waena o na mea pani 'elua, hydroxypropyl a me hydroxypropylmethyl, ma na waiwai waiwai o ka cellulose etera a me ke kaumaha mole e kue loa. Akā hiki ke pili pū me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he hui ʻia nā MP.

No ka mea, he okoa na mea pani o MO43 a me K8913 a ua like ko lakou kaumaha mole, no ka la'ana, he hydroxymethyl ka mea pani o ka mua a he hydroxypropyl ka mea pani o ka hope, aka, he 100,000 ke kaumaha mole o na mea elua, pela no hoi ke ano o ka. kumu o ke kaumaha molekala like Ma lalo o nā kūlana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka S+ a me S- o ka hui hydroxymethyl ma mua o ka hui hydroxypropyl. Akā, hiki nō hoʻi ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, no ka mea, ʻo ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o K8913 ma kahi o 3.00, ʻoiai ʻo MO43 he 1.90 wale nō.

No ka mea, ua like ka degere o ka pani a me na mea pani o K8913 a me K9113 aka o ke kaumaha mole wale no ka mea okoa, ua hoike mai ka hoohalike ana ma waena o ia mau mea, ua emi iho ka S+ o ka hydroxypropyl cellulose me ka pi'i 'ana o ke kaumaha mole, aka, ua ho'onui ka S- ma ke 'ole. .

Mai ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka ikehu ʻili o nā cellulose ethers āpau a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia inā he cellulose a cellulose ether paha, ʻo ka mea nui o ko lākou ikehu honua ʻo ka Lifshitz-van der Waals ikaika, e helu ana ma kahi o 98% ~ 99%. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pūʻali Lifshitz-van der Waals o kēia mau cellulose nonionic (koe wale nō MO43) ma mua o ka cellulose, e hōʻike ana ʻo ke kaʻina hana etherification o cellulose he hana ia e hoʻonui ai i nā ikaika Lifshitz-van der Waals. A ʻo kēia mau hoʻonui e alakaʻi i ka ikehu o ka cellulose ether ma mua o ka cellulose. He mea hoihoi loa kēia hanana no ka mea ua hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia mau cellulose ethers i ka hana ʻana i nā surfactants. Akā, kaʻikepili mea noteworthy,ʻaʻole wale no ka ikepili e pili ana i ka hōʻike maʻamau hāpana i ho'āʻoʻia i loko o keia hoʻokolohua, ua like loa ia me ka waiwai i hoikeia ma ka palapala, ka ikepili e pili ana i ka mea kuhikuhi maʻamau hāpana ua loa kulike me ka waiwai i hoikeia ma ka palapala, no ka mea, laʻana: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau cellulose a pau ka SAB o nā ethers ma mua o ka cellulose, a ma muli o ko lākou mau kumu Lewis nui loa. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka mea pani like a me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua kūlike ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl cellulose i ke kaumaha mole; ʻoiai ʻo ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e like me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ke ʻano like ʻole i ka paona molekala.

Eia kekahi, no ka nui o ka SLW o ka cellulose ethers ma mua o ka cellulose, akā ua ʻike mua mākou he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou dispersibility ma mua o cellulose, no laila hiki ke noʻonoʻo mua ʻia ʻo ka mea nui o ka SLW constituting nonionic cellulose ethers ka London force.

3. Ka hopena

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ke ʻano o ka substituent, degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ke kaumaha molekala i ka mana nui i ka ikehu o ka ʻili a me ka haku ʻana o ka non-ionic cellulose ether. A ʻo kēia hopena e like me ka mea maʻamau:

(1) ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o S+ o ka cellulose ether non-ionic ma mua o S-.

(2) ʻO ka ikaika o ka ʻili o ka cellulose ether nonionic i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ikaika Lifshitz-van der Waals.

(3) Loaʻa i ke kaumaha o ka molekala a me nā mea pani i ka ikehu ili o nā eter cellulose non-ionic, akā hilinaʻi nui ia i ke ʻano o nā mea pani.

(4) Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka mea like a me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua kūlike ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl cellulose i ke kaumaha mole; ʻoiai ʻo ka ikehu manuahi o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e like me ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ke ʻano like ʻole i ka paona molekala.

(5) ʻO ke kaʻina hana etherification o ka cellulose he hana ia e hoʻonui ai ka ikaika Lifshitz-van der Waals, a he hana hoʻi ia e emi ai ka waikawa Lewis a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka alkalinity Lewis.