ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke cellulose ether

Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydroxymethyl cellulose a me ka methyl cellulose a me kā lākou derivatives, a ua wānana ʻia ka noi o ka mākeke e hiki mai ana. Ua nānā ʻia nā kumu hoʻokūkū a me nā pilikia i ka ʻoihana cellulose ether. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana cellulose ether i ko mākou ʻāina.

Hua'ōlelo nui:cellulose ether; Ka nānā 'ana i ka noi ma ka mākeke; Ka noiʻi mākeke

1. Hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻohana i ka cellulose ether

1.1 Hoʻokaʻawale

ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi pūhui polymer kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā ʻātoma hydrogen ma ka ʻāpana glucose anhydrous o cellulose e ka alkyl a i ʻole nā ​​hui alkyl i pani ʻia. Ma ke kaulahao o ka polymerization cellulose. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose anhydrous ʻekolu pūʻulu hydroxyl hiki ke komo i ka hopena inā hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka waiwai o DS he 3, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā huahana i loaʻa i ke kālepa mai 0.4 a 2.8. A i ka wā e pani ʻia ai e kahi alkenyl oxide, hiki iā ia ke hana i pūʻulu hydroxyl hou i hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia e kahi pūʻulu hydroxyl alkyl, no laila ua hana ia i kaulahao. ʻO ka nuipaʻa o kēlā me kēia glucose olefin oxide anhydrous ua wehewehe ʻia e like me ka helu molar substitution (MS) o ka hui. ʻO nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka cellulose ether pāʻoihana e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ka molar mass, ka hoʻolālā kemika, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka substituent, DS a me MS o cellulose. Loaʻa kēia mau waiwai i ka solubility, viscosity in solution, surface activity, thermoplastic layer properties and stability against biodegradation, thermal reduction and oxidation. ʻOkoʻa ka viscosity i ka hoʻonā e like me ka molecular mass pili.

He ʻelua ʻāpana o ka cellulose ether: ʻo kekahi ʻano ionic, e like me carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) a me polyanionic cellulose (PAC); ʻO ke ʻano ʻē aʻe he non-ionic, e like me methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC),hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) a pēlā aku.

1.2 Hoʻohana

1.2.1 CMC

ʻO CMC kahi anionic polyelectrolyte hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela a me ka wai anuanu. ʻO ka huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia he DS ka laulā o 0.65 ~ 0.85 a me kahi ākea viscosity o 10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. Kūʻai ʻia ia i ʻekolu mau papa: ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, waena a me ka ʻoihana. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huahana maʻemaʻe ma mua o 99.5% maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe waena ma mua o 96%. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo CMC maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka cellulose gum, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai e like me ka stabilizer, thickening agent a me ka moisturizing agent a hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā huahana mālama pilikino e like me kahi mea mānoanoa, emulsifier a me viscosity control agent, hoʻohana ʻia ka hana ʻaila i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. CMC. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana waena i ka nui o ka textile a me nā mea hana pepa, ʻo nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā adhesives, ceramics, latex paints a me nā base base coatings. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka 25% sodium chloride a me ka sodium oxyacetic acid, ka mea i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka hana detergent a me ka ʻoihana me nā koi maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa a me ka laulā o ka hoʻohana ʻana, akā i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana i nā kahua noi hou, ʻoi loa ka ākea o ka mākeke, hiki ke kūpono.

1.2.2 Nonionic cellulose etera

E pili ana ia i kahi papa o nā cellulose ethers a me kā lākou mau derivatives ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā pūʻulu dissociable i kā lākou mau ʻāpana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana ma mua o nā huahana ionic ether i ka mānoanoa, emulsification, kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pale colloid, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, adhesion, anti-sensitivity a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila, ka latex coating, polymer polymerization reaction, nā mea kūkulu hale, nā mea kemika i kēlā me kēia lā, ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana pepa, ka paʻi lole a me ke kala a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Methyl cellulose a me kāna mau mea nui. ʻO ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose he nonionic. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu akā ʻaʻole i ka wai wela. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia kā lākou hoʻonā wai i 40 ~ 70 ℃, ʻike ʻia ka ʻano gel. ʻO ka mahana i loaʻa ai ka gelation e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka gel, ke ʻano o ka hopena, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka hanana gel.

(1) HPMC a me MC. ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o MCS a me HPMCS ma muli o ka papa: hoʻohana ʻia nā māka maikaʻi i ka meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau; Loaʻa ka papa maʻamau i ka pena a me ka wehe ʻana i ka pena, ka sima paʻa. ʻO nā mea hoʻopili a me ka ʻili ʻaila. I ka non-ionic cellulose ether, ʻo MC a me HPMC ka nui o ka noi mākeke.

ʻO ka ʻāpana hana ka mea kūʻai nui loa o HPMC/MC, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka nesting, ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili, ka pā tile a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mortar sima. ʻO ka mea nui, i loko o ka pahu sima i hui pū ʻia me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka HPMC hiki ke pāʻani i kahi stickiness, paʻa wai, lohi coagulation a me ka hopena o ke koko. E hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mortar sima, mortar, nā waiwai adhesive, ka pale manuahi a me ka pale wela a me ka ikaika tensile a me ka shear. Pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana kūkulu hale. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka pono o ka hana mechanized. I kēia manawa, ʻo HPMC wale nō nā huahana cellulose ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka HPMC e like me nā mea hoʻohui lāʻau, e like me ka mānoanoa, dispersant, emulsifier a me ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka uhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻopili i nā papa, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka solubility o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. A hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pale wai o nā papa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokuʻu, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka maka, ka lohi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a me ka papa lana.

I ka ʻoihana kemika, he kōkua ʻo HPMC no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka PVC ma ke ʻano hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻohana ʻia e pale i ka colloid, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika hoʻomaha, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu nui o ka PVC; I ka hana ʻana i nā uhi, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo MC e like me ka mānoanoa, dispersant a me ka stabilizer, e like me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, emulsifier a me ka stabilizer i ka latex coatings a me ka wai-soluble resin coatings, i hiki ai i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka lole, ka uhi ʻana a me adhesion, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻili o ka ʻili a me ka paʻa pH, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā mea kala metala.

(2)EC, HEC a me CMHEM. ʻO EC he mea keʻokeʻo, ʻala ʻole, kala ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa e hoʻoheheʻe wale ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. Loaʻa nā huahana kūʻai i ʻelua mau pae DS, 2.2 a 2.3 a me 2.4 a 2.6. Hoʻopili ka ʻike o ka hui ethoxy i nā waiwai thermodynamic a me ke kūpaʻa wela o EC. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo EC i ka nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ma luna o kahi ākea ākea a loaʻa kahi wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo EC i resin, adhesive, ink, varnish, film and plastic products. ʻO ka Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) he helu hoʻololi hydroxymethyl kokoke i ka 0.3, a ua like kona mau waiwai me EC. Akā, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hydrocarbon makamae (ʻaʻala ʻaʻala ʻole) a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka uhi ʻili a me nā inika.

Loaʻa ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) i loko o ka wai - a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka laulā ākea. ʻO kāna wai non-ionic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai wela a me ka wai anuanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noi pāʻoihana, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka pena latex, ka ʻaila ʻaila a me ka polymerization emulsion, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā adhesives, adhesives, cosmetics and pharmaceutical additives.

ʻO Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) kahi mea hoʻopuka hydroxyethyl cellulose. E pili ana i ka CMC, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke waiho ʻia e nā paʻakai metala koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻili ʻaila a me nā mea holoi wai.

2. World cellulose ether market

I kēia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i ka honua ma mua o 900,000 t/a. ʻO ka mākeke cellulose ether honua i ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 3.1 biliona ma 2006. ʻO ka mākeke capitalization o MC, CMC a me HEC a me kā lākou derivatives he 32%, 32% a me 16%, kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka waiwai kūʻai o ka MC ua like ia me ka CMC.

Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua ʻoi loa ka mākeke o ka cellulose ether i nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, a ke kū nei ka mākeke o nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ka pae ulu, no laila ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cellulose ether honua i ka wā e hiki mai ana. . ʻO ka mana CMC i kēia manawa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 24,500 t/a, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā cellulose ether ʻē aʻe he 74,200 t/a, me ka nui o 98,700 t/a. I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahi o 90,600 t, ʻo ka hana ʻana o CMC he 18,100 t, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā cellulose ether he 72,500 t. He 48,100 tons ka lawe ana mai, he 37,500 tons ka mea i laweia aku, a ua hiki aku i ka 101,200 tona. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ma Western Europe he 197,000 tons i ka makahiki 2006 a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e mālama i ka ulu makahiki o 1% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana. ʻO ʻEulopa ka mea kūʻai nui loa o ka cellulose ether ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka 39% o ka huina honua, a ukali ʻia e Asia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻO CMC ka mea nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻo ia ka 56% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a ukali ʻia e ka methyl cellulose ether a me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, ʻo 27% a me 12% o ka huina, kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka cellulose ether e manaʻo ʻia e noho ma 4.2% mai 2006 a 2011. Ma Asia, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Iapana e noho ma ka ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei ʻo Kina e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana o 9%. ʻO ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa, ka mea i loaʻa ka ʻai nui loa, e ulu ʻia e 2.6% a me 2.1%, kēlā me kēia.

3. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana CMC

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke CMC i ʻekolu mau pae: mua, waena a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻomalu ʻia ka mākeke huahana mua o CMC e kekahi mau hui Kina, a ukali ʻia e CP Kelco, Amtex a me Akzo Nobel me 15 pākēneka, 14 pākēneka a me 9 pākēneka mau māhele mākeke. ʻO CP Kelco a me Hercules/Aqualon ka helu no 28% a me 17% o ka mākeke CMC i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. I ka makahiki 2006, 69% o nā hoʻonohonoho CMC e hana ana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

3.1 ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

ʻO ka mana hana o kēia manawa o CMC ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 24,500 t/a. I ka makahiki 2006, he 18,100 t ka mana hana o CMC ma United States. ʻO nā mea hana nui ʻo Hercules/Aqualon Company a me Penn Carbose Company, me ka mana hana o 20,000 t/a a me 4,500 t/a. I ka makahiki 2006, he 26,800 tons ka lawe ʻia mai o ʻAmelika, he 4,200 tons ka lawe ʻana aku i waho, a he 40,700 tons ka mea hoʻohana. Manaʻo ʻia e ulu ma ka awelika makahiki he 1.8 pākēneka i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e hiki i ka 45,000 tons i ka makahiki 2011.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CMC maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (99.5%) i nā meaʻai, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā huahana mālama pilikino, a me nā hui ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 96%) i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana pepa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana mua (65% ~ 85%) i ka ʻoihana detergent, a ʻo ke koena o ka mākeke ʻo ka ʻaila hinu, textile a pēlā aku.

3.2 ʻEulopa Komohana

I ka makahiki 2006, hiki i ka Western European CMC he 188,000 t/a, ka hana o 154,000 t, ka helu hana o 82%, ka nui o ka lawe ʻana aku o 58,000 t a me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o 4,000 t. Ma ʻEulopa Komohana, kahi e ikaika ai ka hoʻokūkū, nui nā hui e pani ana i nā hale hana me ka mana o ka wā kahiko, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea e hana ana i nā huahana mua, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu hana o ke koena o kā lākou mau ʻāpana. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi hou ʻana, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā huahana nui i ka CMC a me nā huahana CMC kumu waiwai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO Western Europe ka mākeke cellulose ether nui loa o ka honua a ʻo ka mea kūʻai nui loa o CMC a me ka non-ionic cellulose ether. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo ka mākeke ʻEulopa i kahi pāpū, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka cellulose ether.

I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o CMC ma ʻEulopa Komohana he 102,000 tons, me ka waiwai hoʻohana ma kahi o $275 miliona. Manaʻo ia e mālama i ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o 1% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana.

3.3 Iapana

I ka makahiki 2005, ua ho'ōki ka Shikoku Chemical Company i ka hana ʻana ma ka mea kanu ʻo Tokushima a ke lawe mai nei ka hui i nā huahana CMC mai ka ʻāina. I nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o ka mana o CMC ma Iapana, a ʻokoʻa nā helu hana o nā pae like ʻole o nā huahana a me nā laina hana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana o nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ʻo 90% ka nui o ka nui o ka CMC.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka koi o CMC ma Iapana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke hoʻonui nei ka hapa o nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e helu ana no 89% o ka huina o ka puka ma 2006, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka noi mākeke no ke kiʻekiʻe. huahana maemae. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi nā mea hana nui i nā huahana o nā kikoʻī like ʻole, ke piʻi mālie nei ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Japanese CMC, i manaʻo ʻia e helu ʻia ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka huina o nā huahana, ka mea nui i lawe ʻia i United States, China mainland, Taiwan, Thailand a me Indonesia. . Me ka koi ikaika mai ka ʻāpana hoʻolaʻa aila honua, e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o kēia ʻano hoʻoiho i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana.

4、non-ionic cellulose ether kūlana ʻoihana a me ka ulu ulu

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana ʻana o MC a me HEC, me nā mea hana ʻekolu e noho ana i ka 90% o ka māhele mākeke. ʻO ka hana HEC ka mea koʻikoʻi loa, me Hercules a me Dow e helu ana ma mua o 65% o ka mākeke, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana cellulose ether i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha. Hana ʻo Hercules/Aqualon i ʻekolu laina o nā huahana a me HPC a me EC. I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo 73% a me 89% ka nui o ka hana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa o MC a me HEC.

4.1 ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

ʻO Dow Wolff Celluosies a me Hercules/Aqualon, nā mea hana nui non-ionic cellulose ether ma US, he 78,200 t/a. Iecaianoaaiiuo o nonionic cellulose ether i loko o ka United States ma 2006 ma kahi o 72,500 t.

Nonionic cellulose ether hoʻohana ma United States i 2006 ma kahi o 60,500 t. Ma waena o lākou, he 30,500 tons ka hoʻohana ʻana o MC a me kāna mau mea, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o HEC he 24,900 tons.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo Dow wale nō ka mea hana MC/HPMC me ka mana hana o 28,600 t/a. ʻElua mau ʻāpana, 15,000 t/a a me 13,600 t/a pakahi. Me ka hana ʻana ma kahi o 20,000 t i ka makahiki 2006, paʻa ʻo Dow Chemical i ka hapa nui loa o ka mākeke kūkulu hale, me ka hoʻohui ʻana iā Dow Wolff Cellulosics ma 2007. Ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ma ka mākeke hana.

I kēia manawa, ua piha ka mākeke o MC/HPMC ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke. I ka makahiki 2003, he 25,100 t ka hoʻohana ʻana, a i ka makahiki 2006, he 30,500 t ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻo ia ka 60% o nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kūkulu, ma kahi o 16,500 t.

ʻO nā ʻoihana e like me ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kumu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke MC/HPMC ma US, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ʻia ka noi mai ka ʻoihana polymer.

4.1.2 HEC a me CMHEC

Ma 2006, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o HEC a me kāna derivative carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 24,900 t. Manaʻo ʻia e ulu ka hoʻohana ma ka awelika makahiki he 1.8% e 2011.

4.2 ʻEulopa Komohana

Aia ʻo ʻEulopa i ka pae mua i ka mana hana o ka cellulose ether ma ka honua, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāina me ka nui o ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o MC/HPMC. I ka makahiki 2006, he $419 miliona a he $166 miliona ke kūʻai aku o Western European MCS a me kā lākou mau huahana (HEMC a me HPMCS) a me HEC a me EHEC. I ka makahiki 2004, he 160,000 t/a ka mana hana o non-ionic cellulose ether ma Western Europe. I ka makahiki 2007, ua hiki i ka 184,000 t/a, a ua hiki i ka 159,000 t. He 20,000 t ka nui o ka lawe ana mai a he 85,000 t. Hiki i kona mana hana MC/HPMC ma kahi o 100,000 t/a.

Non-ionic cellulose hoʻohana ma Western Europe he 95,000 tons ma 2006. Ka huina kuai nui a hiki i 600 miliona US dala, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o MC a me kona derivatives, HEC, EHEC a me HPC he 67,000 t, 26,000 t a me 2,000 t. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 419 miliona mau kālā ʻAmelika, 166 miliona mau kālā ʻAmelika a me 15 miliona mau kālā ʻAmelika, a e mālama ʻia ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma kahi o 2% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana. Ma 2011, hiki i ka 105,000 t ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether non-ionic ma Western Europe.

Ua komo ka mākeke ʻai o MC/HPMC ma ʻEulopa Komohana i kahi pāpū, no laila ka palena o ka ulu ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma Western Europe i nā makahiki i hala. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka MC a me kāna mau derivatives ma Western Europe he 62,000 t i ka makahiki 2003 a me 67,000 t i ka makahiki 2006, e pili ana i ka 34% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether. ʻO ka ʻoihana hoʻohana nui loa ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale.

4.3 Iapana

ʻO Shin-yue Chemical kahi mea hana nui honua o ka methyl cellulose a me kāna mau derivatives. Ma 2003 ua loaʻa iā Clariant o Kelemānia; I ka makahiki 2005 ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i kāna mea kanu Naoetsu mai 20,000 L/a i 23,000 t/a. I ka makahiki 2006, ua hoʻonui ʻo Shin-Yue i ka mana cellulose ether o SE Tulose mai 26,000 t/aa a i 40,000 t/a, a i kēia manawa, ʻo ka huina makahiki o ka ʻoihana cellulose ether a Shin-Yue ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa he 63,000 t/a. I Malaki 2007, ua ho'ōki ʻo Shin-etsu i ka hana ʻana o nā derivatives cellulose ma kāna mea kanu Naoetsu ma muli o kahi pahū. Hoʻomaka hou ka hana ʻana ma Mei 2007. Hoʻolālā ʻo Shin-etsu e kūʻai i MC no nā mea kūkulu hale mai Dow a me nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe ke loaʻa nā derivative cellulose āpau ma ka mea kanu.

I ka makahiki 2006, he 19,900 t ka huina o ka hana o ka cellulose ether ma waho o CMC. ʻO ka hana ʻana o MC, HPMC a me HEMC he 85% o ka nui o ka hana. ʻO ka hua o MC a me HEC he 1.69 t a me 2 100 t. I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether nonionic ma Iapana he 11,400 t. ʻO 8500t a me 2000t ka hopena o MC a me HEC.

5、ka hale kūʻai cellulose ether

5.1 Hiki ke hana

ʻO Kina ka mea hana nui loa a me ka mea kūʻai aku o CMC, me ka ʻoi aku o 30 mau mea hana a me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma mua o 20%. I ka makahiki 2007, ʻo Kina ka mana hana o CMC ma kahi o 180,000 t/a a ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana he 65,000 ~ 70,000 t. Ma kahi o 85% ka nui o ka helu CMC, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kāna mau huahana i ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻili ʻaila. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke piʻi nei ka noi kūloko no nā huahana cellulose ether ʻē aʻe ma mua o CMC. Pono ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka HPMC a me MC kiʻekiʻe.

Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether nonionic ma 1965. ʻO ka noiʻi nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ʻo Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua holomua ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o HPMC ma Luzhou Chemical Plant a me Hui 'an Chemical Plant. Wahi a ka noiʻi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke ulu nei ka noi no HPMC i ko mākou ʻāina i ka 15% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lako hana HPMC i ko mākou ʻāina ua hoʻokumu ʻia i nā makahiki 1980 a me 1990. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical e noiʻi a hoʻomohala hou i ka HPMC i nā makahiki 1980, a hoʻololi a hoʻonui ʻia mai nā mea liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1999, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā polokalamu HPMC a me MC me ka nui o ka hana ʻana o 1400 t/a, a hiki i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i ka pae honua. I ka makahiki 2002, ʻo ko mākou ʻāina ʻo MC/HPMC ka mana hana ma kahi o 4500 t / a, ʻo ka nui o ka mana hana o kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi he 1400 t / a, i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2001 ma Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. Ua loaʻa iā Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. ʻo Luzhou North ma Luzhou a me Suzhou Temple ma Zhangjiagang ʻelua kumu hana, ʻo ka hiki ke hana o ka methyl cellulose ether i 18 000 t / a. Ma 2005, ʻo ka puka o MC / HPMC e pili ana i 8 000 t, a ʻo ka ʻoihana hana nui ʻo Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. I ka makahiki 2006, he 61,000 t/a ka huina hoonui o ka MC/HPMC ma ko kakou aina, a he 12,000 t/a ka mana hana o HEC. Hoʻomaka ka hapa nui i ka hana ma 2006. Aia ma mua o 20 mau mea hana o MC/HPMC. HEMC. ʻO ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether nonionic ma 2006 ma kahi o 30-40,000 t. ʻOi aku ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka home cellulose ether, ʻo nā ʻoihana hana cellulose ether e kū nei a hiki i 50 a i ʻole.

5.2 Hoʻohana

I ka makahiki 2005, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o MC/HPMC ma Kina ua kokoke i 9 000 t, ʻoi loa i ka hana polymer a me ka ʻoihana kūkulu. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether nonionic ma 2006 ma kahi o 36,000 t.

5.2.1 Nā mea kūkulu hale

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ʻo MC/HPMC i ka sima, mortar a me ka mortar ma nā ʻāina ʻē e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke kūkulu hale, ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hale kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no nā mea kūkulu hale kiʻekiʻe i hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o MC/HPMC. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohui nui ʻia ka MC/HPMC home i ka pauka paʻi pāpaʻi pā, gypsum grade wall scraping putty, gypsum caulking putty a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo 10 000 t ka hoʻohana ʻana o MC/HPMC i ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale, ʻo 30% ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke kūkulu hale, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana mechanized, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pono o ka hale, e hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ʻana o MC / HPMC i ke kahua kūkulu, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka hoʻohana ʻana. e hiki aku ma mua o 15 000 t i ka makahiki 2010.

5.2.2 Polyvinyl chloride

ʻO ka hana ʻana o PVC ma ke ʻano hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia ka lua o ka ʻāpana ʻai nui loa o MC/HPMC. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻokuʻu e hana i ka PVC, pili pono ka ʻōnaehana dispersion i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana polymer a me kāna huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka HPMC hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela o ka resin. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui he 0.03% -0.05% o ka puka o PVC. I ka makahiki 2005, he 6.492 miliona t ka huina aupuni o ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a he 88% ke ano o ka hoomaha ana, a he 2000 t ka HPMC. E like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana PVC kūloko, ua manaʻo ʻia e piʻi ka hana o PVC ma mua o 10 miliona t i ka makahiki 2010. He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana polymerization hoʻokuʻu, maʻalahi e hoʻomalu, a maʻalahi i ka hana nui. Loaʻa ka huahana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka adaptability ikaika, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana alakaʻi o ka hana PVC i ka wā e hiki mai ana, no laila e hoʻomau ka nui o ka HPMC i ke kula o ka polymerization, e manaʻo ʻia ka nui ma kahi o 3 000 t ma 2010.

5.2.3 Nā pena, nā meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka uhi ʻana a me ka hana ʻai/lāʻau lapaʻau he mau wahi hoʻohana nui no ka MC/HPMC. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home he 900 t a me 800 t pakahi. Eia kekahi, hoʻopau kemika i kēlā me kēia lā, adhesives a pēlā aku i kahi nui o MC/HPMC. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻonui ʻia ka noi no MC/HPMC i kēia mau kahua noi.

E like me ka hōʻike i luna. I ka makahiki 2010, e hiki i ka 30 000 t ka huina koi o MC/HPMC ma Kina.

5.3 Hoʻokomo a hoʻokuʻu aku

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o kā mākou hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hana cellulose ether, ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka cellulose ether import a me ka ʻoihana kūʻai aku i waho, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i ka wikiwiki.

Ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka HPMC a me ka MC e pono ai ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka noi mākeke, no laila me ke koi mākeke no ka ulu ʻana o ka cellulose ether kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki o ka lawe ʻana mai o cellulose ether a kokoke i 36% mai 2000 a hiki i 2000. 2007. Ma mua o 2003, ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ko mākou ʻāina i nā huahana cellulose ether. Mai ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻoi aku ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma mua o l000 t no ka manawa mua. Mai ka makahiki 2004 a hiki i ka makahiki 2007, he 10% ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki. I ka makahiki 2007, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma mua o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai, a ma waena o nā huahana hoʻopuka i ka nui o ka ionic cellulose ether.

6. Ke kālailai hoʻokūkū ʻoihana a me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala

6.1 Nānā i nā kumu hoʻokūkū ʻoihana

6.1.1 Mea Maka

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether o ka mea mua nui ka pulp lāʻau, ke piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai, e hōʻike ana i ka pōʻai ʻoihana a me ke koi no ka pulp lāʻau. ʻO ke kumu lua o ka cellulose ka lint. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o kona kumu i ka pōʻai ʻoihana. Hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka ʻohi pulupulu. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hoʻopau i ka pulp lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā huahana kemika ʻē aʻe, e like me ka acetate fiber a me ka viscose fiber. No nā mea hana, ʻo nā kumukūʻai maka ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa i ka ulu ʻana.

6.1.2 Koi

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i nā wahi hoʻohana nui e like me ka detergent, coatings, nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaila ʻaila ma lalo o 50% o ka huina cellulose ether market. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke koena o ka ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka ma kēia mau wahi. No laila, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o kēia mau ʻoihana terminal e hana i ka cellulose ether akā e kūʻai mai ka mākeke. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli mākeke ka mea nui mai nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā hana like e like me cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Hana ʻia

ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pale komo o ka papa hana CMC ma mua o ka HEC a me MC, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka CMC i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana hana. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pale ʻenehana i ke komo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o HEC a me MCS, e hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻolako i kēia mau huahana. He mea huna loa nā ʻenehana hana o HEC a me MCS. Paʻakikī loa nā koi hoʻomalu kaʻina hana. Hiki i nā mea hana ke hana i nā helu he nui a ʻokoʻa o nā huahana HEC a me MC.

6.1.4 Nā mea hoʻokūkū hou

Hoʻopuka ka hana ʻana i ka nui o nā huahana a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai kaiapuni. he 10,000 t/a mea kanu hou e lilo i $90 miliona a i $130 miliona. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa Komohana a me Iapana. ʻO ka ʻoihana cellulose ether ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai ma mua o ka reinvestment. Ma nā mākeke e kū nei. ʻAʻole hoʻokūkū nā hale hana hou. Eia nō naʻe ma ko mākou ʻāina he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a he manaʻo maikaʻi kā mākou mākeke kūloko no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana. Ke hoʻonui nei ka hoʻokomo kālā ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana. No laila, lilo ia i mea pale waiwai kiʻekiʻe i nā poʻe komo hou. Pono nā mea hana i kēia manawa e hoʻonui i ka hana inā ʻae nā kūlana.

Pono e mālama ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka R&D no nā HEC a me MCS i mea e hoʻomohala ai i nā derivatives hou a me nā noi hou. No ka ethylene a me ka propylene oxides. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o kāna ʻoihana hana. A loaʻa ka ʻenehana hana o CMC ʻoihana. A ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paepae hoʻopukapuka maʻalahi. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka papa hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pono ai ka waiwai nui a me ka ʻenehana paʻakikī.

6.1.5 Ke ʻano hoʻokūkū o kēia manawa ma ko mākou ʻāina

Aia pū ka hanana o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻoihana cellulose ether. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papahana kemika ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi waiwai liʻiliʻi. He pōkole ka manawa kūkulu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia. Ke hoʻoikaika nei ke kūlana mākeke i kēia manawa, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana. Ke hāʻule nei ka waiwai o ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai ua ʻae ʻia ka helu hana CMC o kēia manawa. Akā ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka mana hou. E piʻi nui ana ka hoʻokūkū makeke.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ma muli o ka overcapacity home. Ua mālama ʻo CMC output 13 i ka ulu wikiwiki. Akā i kēia makahiki, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻauhau ʻauhau hoʻokuʻu, ʻo ka mahalo o ka RMB ua hoʻemi ka waiwai o ka huahana. No laila, e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻenehana. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ka mea nui o ka ʻoihana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kā mākou ʻāina cellulose ether me nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻAʻole naʻe he ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo ka nele o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana, hoʻololi ka mākeke i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā ʻoihana. I kekahi ʻano, ua keakea ia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻenehana.

6.2 Manaʻo

(1) E hoʻonui i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa a me nā hana hou e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hou. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Ionic cellulose ether e CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). He moʻolelo lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu mau ʻana o ka noi mākeke. Ua puka mai nā huahana cellulose ether nonionic i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. E hōʻike ana i ka ulu ikaika. Hoʻoholo nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā huahana cellulose ether e ka maʻemaʻe. Ma ka honua. ʻO ka United States Food and Drug Administration a me nā koi ʻē aʻe o ka maʻemaʻe o nā huahana CMC pono ma luna o 99.5%. I kēia manawa, ua helu ʻia ka huahana o ko mākou ʻāina CMC no ka 1/3 o ka puka honua. Akā haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, 1: 1 ka hapa nui o nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka CMC ma mua o ka lawe ʻana mai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā, ua like ka huina kālā. Nonionic cellulose ethers he haʻahaʻa loa ka huahana. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cellulose ether nonionic. I kēia manawa. Ke hele mai nei nā ʻoihana haole i ko mākou ʻāina e hoʻohui i nā ʻoihana a kūkulu i nā hale hana. Pono ko mākou ʻāina e hopu i ka manawa hoʻomohala e hoʻolaha i ka pae hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ke piʻi nei ka noi kūloko no nā huahana cellulose ether ʻē aʻe ma mua o CMC. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, pono ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka HPMC kiʻekiʻe a me ka MC e pono ai i kekahi mau mea lawe mai. Pono ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.

(2) Hoʻonui i ka pae ʻenehana o nā lako. He haʻahaʻa ka pae mīkini mīkini o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale. Kāohi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka haumia nui o ka huahana he sodium chloride. Ma mua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka tripod centrifuge ma ko mākou ʻāina. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻina hana intermittent, kiʻekiʻe hana ikaika, kiʻekiʻe ikehu hoʻohana. He paʻakikī hoʻi ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻAhahui ʻoihana cellulose ether e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ma 2003. Ua loaʻa nā hopena hoʻoikaika. Ua hōʻea ka maʻemaʻe o kekahi mau huahana ʻoihana ma mua o 99.5%. Kahi mea hou aʻe. Aia kahi āpau ma waena o ka pae automation o ka laina hana holoʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāina ʻē. Manaʻo ʻia e noʻonoʻo i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea hana haole a me nā lako kūloko. loulou kī e kākoʻo ana i nā lako lawe mai. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka automation o ka laina hana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana ionic, pono ʻole ka cellulose ether non-ionic i ka pae ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi e uhaki i nā pale ʻenehana o ke kaʻina hana a me ka noi.

(3) E noʻonoʻo i nā pilikia kaiapuni a me nā kumu waiwai. ʻO kēia makahiki ka makahiki o kā mākou mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. He mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana e mālama pono i ka pilikia kumu waiwai kaiapuni. ʻO ka wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka ʻoihana cellulose ether ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, he nui ka paʻakai a me ka COD kiʻekiʻe. Makemake ʻia nā ʻano biochemical.

I ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka mea nui no ka hana ʻana i ka cellulose ether he pulupulu pulupulu. ʻO ka huluhulu pulupulu he ʻōpala mahiʻai ma mua o ka makahiki 1980, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia e hana i ka cellulose ether e hoʻohuli i ka ʻōpala i ʻoihana waiwai. Eia naʻe. Me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka viscose fiber a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pulupulu maka pōkole velvet ua lilo i ka waiwai o ka waiwai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka makemake ma mua o ka lako. Pono e paipai ʻia nā ʻoihana e lawe mai i ka pulp lāʻau mai nā ʻāina ʻē e like me Russia, Brazil a me Kanada. No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hemahema o nā mea maka, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka pulupulu pulupulu.