ʻO CMC Cellulose a me kāna ʻano hana

I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka straw cellulose ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka etherification. Ma o ka helu hoʻokahi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka carboxymethyl cellulose: ka manawa etherification 100min, ka mahana etherification 70℃, NaOH dosage 3.2g a me monochloroacetic acid dosage 3.0g, ka hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe ʻO ka degere he 0.53.

Hua'ōlelo nui: CMCcellulose; monochloroacetic acid; etherification; hoʻololi

Carboxymethyl celluloseʻo ia ka cellulose ether i hana nui ʻia ma ka honua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mea holoi, meaʻai, toothpaste, textile, paʻi a me ke kala, hana pepa, petroleum, mining, lāʻau lapaʻau, ceramics, nā mea uila, rubber, Paints, pesticides, cosmetics, ili, plastics and oil drilling, etc. ma ke ʻano he "monosodium glutamate ʻoihana". ʻO ka Carboxymethyl cellulose he wai-soluble cellulose ether derivative i loaʻa ma ke kemika hoʻololi ʻana i ka cellulose kūlohelohe. ʻO Cellulose, ka mea waiwai nui no ka hana ʻana i ka carboxymethyl cellulose, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe maoli e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ma ka honua, me ka hana makahiki o nā haneli miliona mau tons. ʻO koʻu ʻāina he ʻāina mahiʻai nui a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻāina me ka nui o ka mauʻu waiwai. ʻO Straw kekahi o nā wahie ola nui no nā kamaʻāina kuaʻāina. ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia kēia mau kumuwaiwai no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 2% o nā ʻōpala mahiʻai a me nā ululāʻau e like me ka mauʻu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka laiki ka mea kanu waiwai nui ma Heilongjiang Province, me kahi kanu kanu ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 miliona hm2, kahi puka makahiki o 14 miliona tons o ka raiki, a me 11 miliona mau toni mauʻu. Hoʻopau ka poʻe mahiʻai iā lākou ma ke kula ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōpala nui o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, akā ke kumu hoʻi i ka pollution koʻikoʻi i ke kaiapuni. No laila, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai o ka mauʻu he pono ia o ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hoʻomau o ka mahiʻai.

1. Nā mea hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻano hana

1.1 Mea hoʻokolohua a me nā mea hana

Straw cellulose, hana pono'ī i loko o ka hale hana; ʻO JJ～1 ʻano huila uila, Jintan Guowang Mea Hana Hana Hoʻokolohua; SHZW2C ʻano RS—ʻO kahi pauma maloʻo, Shanghai Pengfu Electromechanical Co., Ltd.; pHS-3C pH mika, Mettler-Toledo Co., Ltd.; DGG-9070A uwila wela hoʻomaloʻo umu, Beijing Akau Lihui ho'āʻo mea lako Co., Ltd.; HITACHI-S ~ 3400N ka nānā 'ana i ka microscope electron, Hitachi Instruments; ethanol; ka sodium hydroxide; chloroacetic acid, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

1.2 Hana hoʻokolohua

1.2.1 Hoʻomākaukau i ka carboxymethyl cellulose

(1) ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: E kaupaona i 2 g cellulose i loko o kahi ipu ʻāʻī ʻekolu, e hoʻohui i 2.8 g NaOH, 20 mL o 75% ethanol solution, a e hoʻomoʻa i ka alkali i loko o kahi ʻauʻau wai wela mau ma 25.°C no 80 min. E hoʻokuʻi me kahi huila e hui maikaʻi. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hana ka cellulose me ka hopena alkaline e hana i ka cellulose alkali. I ka wā etherification, e hoʻohui i 10 mL o 75% ethanol solution a me 3 g o ka chloroacetic acid i ka ipu ʻāʻī ʻekolu i hana ʻia ma luna, e hoʻonui i ka mahana i 65-70° C., a pane no 60 mau minuke. E hoʻohui i ka alkali no ka lua o ka manawa, a laila e hoʻohui i ka 0.6g NaOH i ka pahu hoʻonā i luna e mālama i ka mahana ma 70°C, a o ka manawa pane he 40min no ka loaa ana o Na keu—CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose).

Neutralization a holoi: hoʻohui i 1moL·L-1 hydrochloric acid, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka hopena ma ka lumi wela a hiki i ka pH = 7 ~ 8. A laila holoi ʻelua me ka 50% ethanol, a laila holoi i hoʻokahi me 95% ethanol, kānana me ka momi, a maloʻo ma 80-90°C no 2 mau hola.

(2) Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka laʻana: acidity mika ʻano hoʻoholo: kaupaona 0.2g (pololei i ka 0.1mg) o ka laʻana Na-CMC i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a maloʻo, e hoʻoheheʻe iā ia i loko o 80mL wai distilled, hoʻoulu i ka electromagnetically no 10min, a hoʻoponopono. ia me ka waika a i ole alkali Ua laweia ka pH o ka solution i ka 8. A laila e titrate i ka solution hoao me ka sulfuric acid solution standard i loko o ka beaker i lako me ka pH mika electrode, a nana i ka hoike ana o ka pH mika oiai e titrating ana a hiki i ka pH. 3.74. E noʻonoʻo i ka nui o ka hopena maʻamau sulfuric acid i hoʻohana ʻia.

1.2.2 Keʻano hoʻokolohua hoʻokahi kumu

(1) Ka hopena o ka nui o ka alkali ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: hoʻokō i ka alkalization ma 25℃, alkali immersion no 80 mau minuke, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i ka hopena ethanol he 75%, kaohi i ka nui o ka monochloroacetic acid reagent 3g, ka mahana etherification he 65 ~ 70°C, he 100 mau minuke ka manawa etherification, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o ka sodium hydroxide no ka hoʻāʻo.

(2) ʻO ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ethanol solution ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: ʻo ka nui o ka alkali paʻa he 3.2g, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa alkaline i loko o kahi ʻauʻau wai mahana mau ma 25.°C no 80min, ka nui o ka ethanol solution he 75%, ka nui o ka monochloroacetic acid reagent i kaohi ma 3g, etherification ʻO ka mahana he 65-70°C, ʻo ka manawa etherification he 100min, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena ethanol no ka hoʻokolohua.

(3) Ka hopena o ka nui o ka waika monochloroacetic ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: hoʻoponopono ma 25°C no ka alkalization, hoʻomoʻa i ka alkali no 80 mau minuke, e hoʻohui i 3.2g o ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena ethanol 75%, ether ʻO 65 ~ 70 ka mahana.°C, ʻo ka manawa etherification he 100min, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o ka waika monochloroacetic no ka hoʻokolohua.

(4) Ka hopena o ka mahana etherification ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: hoʻoponopono ma 25°C no ka alkalization, soak i ka alkali no 80 mau minuke, e hoʻohui i 3.2g o ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka neʻe o ka ethanol solution 75%, etherification mahana ʻO ka mahana he 65 ~ 70℃, ʻO ka manawa etherification he 100min, a ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka waika monochloroacetic.

(5) Ka hopena o ka manawa etherification ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose: hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 25°C no ka alkalization, hoʻohui ʻia 3.2g o ka sodium hydroxide, a hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka alkali no 80min e hana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena ethanol 75%, a me ka monochlor i hoʻomalu ʻia ʻO ka dosage o ka acetic acid reagent he 3g, ʻo ka mahana etherification he 65 ~ 70.°C, a ua hoololiia ka manawa etherification no ka hoao ana.

1.2.3 Ho'āʻo hoʻolālā a me ka optimization o carboxymethyl cellulose

Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua kumu hoʻokahi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua quadratic regression orthogonal rotation hui pū me nā kumu ʻehā a me nā pae ʻelima. ʻO nā kumu ʻehā he manawa etherification, ka mahana etherification, ka nui o NaOH a me ka nui o ka waikawa monochloroacetic. Hoʻohana ka hana ʻikepili i ka polokalamu helu helu SAS8.2 no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili, e hōʻike ana i ka pilina ma waena o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻoikaika a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose. kanawai loko.

1.2.4 Keʻano hoʻopili SEM

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hāpana pauda maloʻo ma ke kahua hoʻohālike me ke kolu conductive, a ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke gula, ua nānā ʻia a paʻi ʻia ma lalo o kahi Hitachi-S-3400N Hitachi scanning electron microscope.

2. Nā hopena a me ka nānā ʻana

2.1 Ka hopena o ka helu hoʻokahi i ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose

2.1.1 Ka hopena o ka nui o ka alkali ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose

Ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo NaOH3.2g i ka cellulose 2g, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka degere pani o ka huahana. Hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka NaOH, ʻaʻole lawa ia e hana i ka neutralization o ka cellulose alkaline a me ka etherification agent, a he liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ka huahana a me ka viscosity haʻahaʻa. Akā, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka NaOH, e hoʻonui ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ka wā o ka hydrolysis o ka waika chloroacetic, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea etherifying, a e emi pū ka viscosity huahana.

2.1.2 Ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hopena ethanol ma ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose.

Aia kekahi hapa o ka wai i loko o ka solution ethanol i loko o ka mea ho'ōla ma waho o ka cellulose, a ʻo kekahi ʻāpana i loko o ka cellulose. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai, e pehu ka CMC i ka wai e hana i ka jelly i ka wā etherification, e hopena i ka hopena like ʻole; inā liʻiliʻi loa ka wai, paʻakikī ke hoʻomau ʻana ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻenehana pane. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo 80% ethanol ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpono loa.

2.1.3 Ka hopena o ke ana o ka waika monochloroacetic ma ke degere o ka hoololi ana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose.

ʻO ka nui o ka monochloroacetic acid a me ka sodium hydroxide he theoretically 1: 2, akā i mea e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka pane i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka CMC, e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kumu kūʻokoʻa kūpono i ka ʻōnaehana hopena, i hiki ai i ka carboxymethylation ke holo mālie. No kēia kumu, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka alkali nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ratio molar o ka waikawa a me nā mea alkali he 1:2.2.

2.1.4 Ka hopena o ka wela etherification ma ke degere o ka hoololi ana i ka carboxymethyl cellulose

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana etherification, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana, akā ua wikiwiki pū nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke koena kemika, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o CMC, akā inā haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana, ua lohi ka hopena a ua haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea etherifying agent. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mahana kūpono loa no ka etherification ʻo 70°C.

2.1.5 Ka hopena o ka manawa etherification ma ke degere o ka hoololi ana i ka carboxymethyl cellulose

Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa etherification, piʻi ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o CMC, a hoʻonui ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka hopena, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa, piʻi ka hopena o ka ʻaoʻao a emi ke degere o ka hoʻololi. Ke 100min ka manawa etherification, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi.

2.2 Nā hopena hoʻokolohua Orthogonal a me ka nānā ʻana o nā hui carboxymethyl

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka papa ʻaina ʻano like ʻole i ka mea mua, ʻo nā kumu ʻehā o ka manawa etherification, ka mahana etherification, ka nui o NaOH a me ka nui o ka waika monochloroacetic he hopena koʻikoʻi loa i ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose (p <0.01) . Ma waena o nā mea pili, nā mea pili o ka manawa etherification a me ka nui o ka monochloroacetic acid, a me nā mea pili o ka etherification etherification a me ka nui o ka monochloroacetic acid he hopena koʻikoʻi loa i ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka carboxymethyl cellulose (p<0.01). ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho o ka mana o nā mea like ʻole i ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ʻo ia: ka mahana etherification> ka nui o ka waika monochloroacetic> ka manawa etherification> ka nui o NaOH.

Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka quadratic regression orthogonal rotation hoʻolālā hui, hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā kūlana kaʻina hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka carboxymethylation: manawa etherification 100min, etherification mahana 70℃, NaOH dosage 3.2g a me monochloroacetic acid ʻO 3.0g ka helu, a ʻo ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.53.

2.3 Hoʻohālikelike hana microscopic

Ua aʻo ʻia ka morphology ili o cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose a me nā ʻāpana carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked e ka scanning electron microscopy. Ke ulu nei ka cellulose ma ke ʻano ʻāpana me kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe; ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lihi o ka carboxymethyl cellulose ma mua o ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia, a piʻi aʻe ke ʻano o ka lua a nui aʻe ka leo. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pūʻulu ma muli o ka pehu ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. Ka hopena

3.1 Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka carboxymethyl etherified cellulose ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi o nā kumu ʻehā e pili ana i ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana o cellulose ʻo ia: ka mahana etherification > monochloroacetic acid dosage > etherification time > NaOH dosage. ʻO nā kūlana kaʻina hana maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka carboxymethylation ka manawa etherification 100min, ka mahana etherification 70℃, NaOH dosage 3.2g, monochloroacetic acid dosage 3.0g, a me ke ki'eki'e ho'ololi ho'ololi 0.53.

3.2 ʻO nā kūlana ʻenehana maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka carboxymethylation: ka manawa etherification 100min, ka mahana etherification 70℃, NaOH 3.2g, monochloroacetic acid 3.0g, ki'eki'e ho'ololi degere 0.53.