ʻO ka Cellulose Ether ma ka ʻoihana pepa

Hōʻike kēia pepa i nā ʻano, nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau, nā hiʻohiʻona hana a me ke kūlana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o cellulose ethers i ka ʻoihana hana pepa, e hoʻopuka i kekahi mau ʻano hou o ka cellulose ethers me nā manaʻo hoʻomohala, a kūkākūkā i kā lākou noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana pepa.

Hua'ōlelo nui:cellulose ether; hana; ʻoihana pepa

ʻO ka cellulose kahi pūhui polymer maoli, ʻo kona ʻano kemika he polysaccharide macromolecule me ka anhydrousβ-glucose e like me ke apo kumu, a he hui hydroxyl mua ko kēlā me kēia apo kumu a me ka hui hydroxyl lua. Ma o kāna hoʻololi kemika, hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano o nā derivatives cellulose. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hana i ka cellulose me NaOH, a laila e hoʻokō i ka hopena etherification me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka methyl chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila holoi i ka paʻakai o ka huahana a me ka sodium cellulose e loaʻa ai. ka huahana. ʻO ka cellulose ether kekahi o nā mea nui o ka cellulose, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka maʻemaʻe, ka ʻoihana kemika i kēlā me kēia lā, ka hana pepa, ka meaʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā mea hana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pili nui nā ʻāina ʻē i kāna noiʻi ʻana, a ua nui nā mea i loaʻa i ka noiʻi kumu noiʻi, hoʻohana i nā hopena kūpono, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka mālie kekahi poʻe ma Kina e komo i ka noiʻi o kēia ʻano, a ua loaʻa mua i kekahi mau hopena i ka hana hana. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether he hana koʻikoʻi loa i ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ola hou a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka pepa a me ka hana. He ʻano hou ia o nā mea hoʻohui pepa e pono ke kūkulu ʻia.

1. Hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā cellulose ethers

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o cellulose ethers i 4 mau ʻāpana e like me ka ionicity.

1.1 Nonionic Cellulose Etera

ʻO ka non-ionic cellulose ether ka nui o ka cellulose alkyl ether, a ʻo kāna ʻano hoʻomākaukau e hana i ka cellulose me NaOH, a laila e hoʻokō i ka hopena etherification me nā monomers hana like ʻole e like me monochloromethane, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc., a laila loaʻa ma ka holoi ʻana. ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai a me ka sodium cellulose, ka mea nui me ka methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl Cellulose ether a me hydroxybutyl cellulose ether e hoʻohana nui ʻia.

1.2 Anionic cellulose etera

ʻO nā ethers anionic cellulose ka nui o ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a me ka sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cellulose me NaOH a laila hoʻokō i ka ether me ka chloroacetic acid, ethylene oxide a me propylene oxide. ʻO ka hopena kemika, a laila loaʻa ma ka holoi ʻana i ka paʻakai a me ka sodium cellulose.

1.3 Cationic Cellulose Etera

Kaonaika ʻO ka cellulose ethers ka nui o ka 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose ether, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i ka cellulose me NaOH a laila e hana me ka cationic etherifying agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride a i ʻole etherification reaction me ka ethylene oxide a propylene oxide. a laila loaʻa ma ka holoi ʻana i ka paʻakai a me ka sodium cellulose.

1.4 Zwitterionic Cellulose Etera

ʻO ke kaulahao mole o zwitterionic cellulose ether he mau pūʻulu anionic a me nā hui cationic. ʻO kāna ʻano hoʻomākaukau e hoʻopili i ka cellulose me NaOH a laila e hana me ka monochloroacetic acid a me ka cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium chloride i etherified, a laila loaʻa ma ka holoi ʻana i ka paʻakai ma ka huahana a me ka sodium cellulose.

2. Ka hana a me nā ʻano o ka cellulose ether

2.1 Hoʻokumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni a pili

He mana nui ka etherification o ka cellulose ether i kona mau ʻano a me kona mau waiwai, e like me ka solubility, ka hiki ke hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ka ikaika paʻa a me ka paʻakai paʻakai. ʻO ka cellulose ether ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻalahi, ka wela a me ke kū'ē anuanu, a he kūpono maikaʻi me nā resins likeʻole a me nā plasticizers, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā plastics, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā varnishes, nā adhesives, ka latex a me nā mea hoʻopili lāʻau, etc.

2.2 Solubility

ʻO ka cellulose ether ka wai hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā pūʻulu polyhydroxyl, a he ʻokoʻa ka solvent selectivity no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe e like me nā substituents ʻokoʻa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Methylcellulose i ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi mau mea hoʻoheheʻe; Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose i ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomehana ʻia ka wai o ka methylcellulose a me ka methylhydroxyethylcellulose, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka methylcellulose a me ka methylhydroxyethylcellulose. Hoʻopili ʻia ka Methyl cellulose ma 45-60°C, oiai ua hoonuiia ka etherified etherified methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose i 65-80.°C. Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻia ka mahana, hoʻoheheʻe houʻia ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka Hydroxyethylcellulose a me ka sodium carboxymethylcellulose i ka wai i kēlā me kēia mahana a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik (me kekahi mau ʻokoʻa). Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia waiwai, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻolale aila a me nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni soluble.

2.3 Mānoanoa

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka wai ma ke ʻano o ka colloid, ʻo kona viscosity e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka polymerization o cellulose ether, a ʻo ka hopena i loaʻa i nā macromolecules hydrated. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā macromolecules, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai o Newtonian, akā e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano e loli me ka ikaika shear. Ma muli o ke ʻano macromolecular o cellulose ether, piʻi wikiwiki ka viscosity o ka hopena me ka piʻi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a hoʻemi wikiwiki me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. E like me kona mau hiʻohiʻona, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā cellulose ethers e like me carboxymethyl cellulose a me hydroxyethyl cellulose e like me nā mānoanoa no nā kemika o kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea mālama wai no ka uhi pepa, a me nā mea mānoanoa no nā uhi hale.

2.4 Hoʻohaʻahaʻa

Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose ether i loko o ka pae wai, e ulu ka bacteria, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka bacteria enzyme. Hoʻopau ka enzyme i nā mea paʻa ʻāpana anhydroglucose i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka cellulose ether, e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha molekala pili o ka polymer. No laila, inā e mālama ʻia ka cellulose ether aqueous solution no ka manawa lōʻihi, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā preservatives iā ia, a pono e lawe ʻia kekahi mau hana antiseptic no nā cellulose ethers me nā waiwai antibacterial.

3. Hoʻohana i ka cellulose ether ma ka ʻoihana pepa

3.1 Mea hooikaika pepa

No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka CMC ma ke ʻano he fiber dispersant a me kahi mea hoʻoikaika pepa, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka pulp. No ka mea ua like ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose me ka pulp a me nā mea hoʻopiha piha, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ke kaulike o ka fiber. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hopena hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma waena o nā fibers, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona kino e like me ka ikaika tensile, ka ikaika pohā, a me ka like o ka pepa o ka pepa. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻo Longzhu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka 100% bleached sulfite wood pulp, 20% talcum powder, 1% dispersed rosin glue, hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 4.5 me ka alumini sulfate, a hoʻohana i ka CMC viscosity kiʻekiʻe (viscosity 800 ~ 1200MPA.S) Ke degere. o ka hoololi ana he 0.6. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia hiki iā CMC ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika maloʻo o ka pepa a hoʻomaikaʻi hoʻi i kona degere nui.

3.2 Mea hoʻonui i ka ʻili

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui ʻili pepa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka pepa. Hiki i kāna hopena noi ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka ʻili ma kahi o 10% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia manawa o ka polyvinyl alcohol a me ka mea hoʻololi starch sizing agent, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka dosage ma kahi o 30%. He mea hoʻohiki nui loa ia no ka hana pepa, a pono e hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻano o nā ʻano hou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka cationic cellulose ether ma mua o ka starch cationic. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka ikaika o ka pepa, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka hana ink absorption o ka pepa a hoʻonui i ka hopena dyeing. ʻO ia hoʻi kahi mea hoʻolaha hoʻonui i ka ʻili. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Mo Lihuan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a me ka starch oxidized no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻili ma ka pepa a me ka pahu pahu. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka CMC i kahi hopena nui o ka ʻili.

ʻO ka sodium methyl carboxymethyl cellulose kekahi hana nui, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui pulp. Ma waho aʻe o kona ʻano nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cationic cellulose ether ma ke ʻano he kānana paʻa paʻa pepa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o nā fibers maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika pepa.

3.3 Emulsion stabilizer

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka hoʻomākaukau emulsion ma muli o kona hopena thickening maikaʻi i ka wai wai, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka emulsion dispersion medium a pale i ka emulsion precipitation a me stratification. E like me ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, etc. hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā stabilizers a me nā mea pale no ka anionic dispersed rosin gum, cationic cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, etc. Basemethyl cellulose ether, methyl cellulose ether. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ether, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea pale no ka cationic disperse rosin gum, AKD, ASA a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike ʻē aʻe. ʻO Longzhu et al. hoʻohana i ka 100% bleached sulfite wood pulp, 20% talcum pauka, 1% dispersed rosin glue, hoʻololi i ka waiwai pH i 4.5 me ka alumini sulfate, a hoʻohana i ka CMC viscosity kiʻekiʻe (viscosity 800 ~ 12000MPA.S). ʻO ka degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.6, a hoʻohana ʻia no ka nui o loko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā hopena i ʻike maopopo ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke degere o ka ʻōpala rosin i loko o ka CMC, a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa o ka emulsion rosin, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka mea hao.

3.4 Hoʻopili i ka mea mālama wai

Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka uhi ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea hoʻopili pepa, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻololi i ka casein a me kahi hapa o ka latex, i hiki ke komo maʻalahi ka inika paʻi a maopopo nā ʻaoʻao. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Carboxymethyl cellulose a me hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether e like me ka dispersant pigment, thickener, ka mea mālama wai a me ka stabilizer. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka nui o ka carboxymethyl cellulose i hoʻohanaʻia ma keʻano he mea mālama wai i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā uhi pepa i uhiʻia he 1-2%.

4. Hoʻomohala ʻia o ka Cellulose Ether i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana pepa

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻololi kemika no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā derivatives cellulose me nā hana kūikawā he ala maikaʻi ia e ʻimi ai i nā hoʻohana hou o ka hua nui loa o ka honua o nā mea kūlohelohe maoli-cellulose. Nui nā ʻano o ka cellulose derivatives a me nā hana ākea, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā cellulose ethers i nā ʻoihana he nui ma muli o kā lākou hana maikaʻi loa. I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o ka ʻoihana pepa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cellulose ether pono e hoʻolohe i nā ʻano aʻe:

(1) E hoʻomohala i nā huahana kikoʻī like ʻole o nā cellulose ethers kūpono no nā noi ʻoihana pepa, e like me nā huahana series me nā degere like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, nā viscosities like ʻole, a me nā ʻano molekala pili like ʻole, no ke koho ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano pepa like ʻole.

(2) Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano hou o ka cellulose ethers, e like me ka cationic cellulose ethers i kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka pepa a me nā mea hoʻokahe wai, nā mea hoʻonaninani o ka ʻili, a me nā zwitterionic cellulose ethers i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻoikaika e hoʻololi i ka coating latex Cyanoethyl cellulose ether. a me na mea like me he mea paa.

(3) E hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau o ka cellulose ether a me kāna ʻano hoʻomākaukau hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana.

(4) E hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka cellulose ethers, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā waiwai hoʻopaʻa a me nā waiwai mānoanoa o nā ʻano cellulose ethers, a e hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi theoretical e pili ana i ka noi ʻana o cellulose ethers i ka hana pepa.