A cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, adadin adadin ether cellulose yana da ƙasa sosai, amma yana iya inganta aikin rigar turmi, kuma yana da mahimmancin ƙari wanda ke shafar aikin ginin turmi. Kyakkyawan zaɓi na ethers cellulose na nau'i daban-daban, nau'i daban-daban, nau'o'in nau'in nau'i daban-daban, nau'i daban-daban na danko da adadin da aka kara za su sami tasiri mai kyau akan inganta aikin busassun busassun turmi. A halin yanzu, yawancin masonry da plastering turmi suna da ƙarancin aikin riƙe ruwa, kuma slurry na ruwa zai rabu bayan ƴan mintuna kaɗan na tsaye. Riƙewar ruwa muhimmin aiki ne na methyl cellulose ether, kuma yana aiki ne da yawancin masana'antun bushe-bushe na gida, musamman waɗanda ke yankunan kudu da yanayin zafi, suna kula da su. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin riƙon ruwa na busassun busassun turmi sun haɗa da adadin MC da aka ƙara, danko na MC, ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta da zazzabi na yanayin amfani.
1. Ra'ayi
Cellulose ether polymer roba ce da aka yi daga cellulose na halitta ta hanyar gyara sinadarai. Cellulose ether wani abu ne na cellulose na halitta. Samar da ether cellulose ya bambanta da polymers na roba. Mafi mahimmancin kayan sa shine cellulose, fili na polymer na halitta. Saboda ƙayyadaddun tsarin tsarin cellulose na halitta, cellulose kanta ba ta da ikon amsawa tare da ma'aikatan etherification. Koyaya, bayan maganin kumburin wakili, haɗin gwiwar hydrogen mai ƙarfi tsakanin sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta da sarƙoƙi sun lalace, kuma sakin aiki na ƙungiyar hydroxyl ya zama alkali cellulose mai amsawa. Samun cellulose ether.
Abubuwan da ke cikin ethers cellulose sun dogara da nau'in, lamba da rarraba abubuwan maye. Rarraba ethers cellulose kuma yana dogara ne akan nau'in maye gurbin, digiri na etherification, solubility da abubuwan aikace-aikacen da suka danganci. Dangane da nau'in maye gurbin akan sarkar kwayoyin halitta, ana iya raba shi zuwa monoether da ether mai gauraye. MC da muke yawan amfani da ita shine monoether, kuma HPMC ɗin yana hade da ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC shine samfurin bayan ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan rukunin glucose na cellulose na halitta an maye gurbinsu ta hanyar methoxy. Samfuri ne da aka samu ta musanya wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan naúrar tare da ƙungiyar methoxy da wani ɓangaren tare da ƙungiyar hydroxypropyl. Tsarin tsarin shine [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m [OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, waɗannan sune manyan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su kuma ana siyarwa a kasuwa.
Dangane da solubility, ana iya raba shi zuwa ionic da wadanda ba ionic ba. Ethers cellulose masu narkewa da ruwa ba na ionic ba sun ƙunshi jerin abubuwa biyu na alkyl ethers da ethers hydroxyalkyl. Ana amfani da Ionic CMC musamman a cikin kayan wanka na roba, bugu da rini, abinci da binciken mai. Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, da dai sauransu ana amfani da su a cikin kayan gini, latex coatings, magani, yau da kullum sunadarai, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da matsayin thickener, ruwa retaining wakili, stabilizer, dispersant da film forming wakili.
2. Riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose
Riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose: A cikin samar da kayan gini, musamman busassun turmi foda, ether cellulose yana taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba, musamman a cikin samar da turmi na musamman (turmi da aka gyara), ba makawa ne kuma muhimmin sashi .
Muhimmin rawar da ruwa mai narkewa cellulose ether a turmi yafi yana da uku al'amurran, daya ne mai kyau ruwa rike iya aiki, da sauran shi ne tasiri a kan daidaito da thixotropy na turmi, kuma na uku shi ne hulda da ciminti. Tasirin riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose ya dogara ne akan shayar da ruwa na tushe mai tushe, abun da ke cikin turmi, kauri na turmi, buƙatar ruwa na turmi, da lokacin saitin kayan saiti. Riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose kanta ya fito ne daga solubility da dehydration na cellulose ether kanta. Kamar yadda muka sani, duk da cewa sarkar kwayar halitta ta cellulose ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyin OH masu ɗorewa, ba mai narkewa cikin ruwa ba, saboda tsarin cellulose yana da babban matakin crystallinity.
Ƙarfin hydration na ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl kadai bai isa ya rufe ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin hydrogen da van der Waals ba tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Don haka sai kawai ta kumbura amma ba ta narke cikin ruwa. Lokacin da aka shigar da wanda zai maye gurbinsa a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta, ba kawai abin da zai maye gurbinsa yana lalata sarkar hydrogen ba, har ma da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen ɗin yana lalata saboda ƙulla abin da zai maye gurbin tsakanin sarƙoƙi da ke kusa. Girman abin da zai maye gurbin, mafi girman nisa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Mafi girman nisa. Mafi girman tasirin lalata haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, ether cellulose ya zama mai narkewar ruwa bayan ɗigon cellulose ya faɗaɗa kuma maganin ya shiga, yana samar da mafita mai zurfi. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, hydration na polymer ya raunana, kuma ana fitar da ruwa tsakanin sarƙoƙi. Lokacin da sakamakon rashin ruwa ya isa, kwayoyin sun fara haɗuwa, suna samar da gel ɗin tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku kuma suna nannade waje.
Abubuwan da suka shafi riƙewar ruwa na turmi sun haɗa da danko na ether cellulose, adadin da aka kara, da kyau na barbashi da yawan zafin jiki na amfani.
Mafi girman danko na ether cellulose, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa. Danko shine muhimmin siga na aikin MC. A halin yanzu, masana'antun MC daban-daban suna amfani da hanyoyi da kayan aiki daban-daban don auna danko na MC. Babban hanyoyin sune Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde da Brookfield. Don samfurin iri ɗaya, sakamakon ɗanko da aka auna ta hanyoyi daban-daban sun bambanta sosai, wasu ma sun ninka bambance-bambance. Sabili da haka, lokacin kwatanta danko, dole ne a aiwatar da shi tsakanin hanyoyin gwaji iri ɗaya, gami da zazzabi, rotor, da sauransu.
Gabaɗaya magana, mafi girman danko, mafi kyawun tasirin riƙewar ruwa. Duk da haka, mafi girman danko kuma mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na MC, raguwa mai dacewa a cikin solubility zai yi mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin da aikin ginin turmi. Mafi girma da danko, mafi bayyananne tasirin thickening akan turmi, amma ba daidai ba ne kai tsaye. Mafi girma da danko, da karin danko da rigar turmi zai zama, wato, a lokacin ginawa, an bayyana shi a matsayin mai mannewa ga scraper da babban mannewa ga substrate. Amma ba taimako ba ne don ƙara ƙarfin tsarin jika da kanta. A lokacin gini, aikin anti-sag ba a bayyane yake ba. Akasin haka, wasu matsakaici da ƙananan danko amma gyare-gyaren ethers na methyl cellulose suna da kyakkyawan aiki wajen inganta ƙarfin tsarin jika.
Mafi girman adadin ether cellulose da aka ƙara zuwa turmi, mafi kyawun aikin riƙewar ruwa, kuma mafi girman danko, mafi kyawun aikin riƙewar ruwa.
Game da girman barbashi, mafi kyawun barbashi, mafi kyawun riƙon ruwa. Bayan manyan barbashi na cellulose ether sun hadu da ruwa, nan da nan saman ya narke kuma ya samar da gel don kunsa kayan don hana kwayoyin ruwa daga ci gaba da shiga. Wani lokaci ba za a iya tarwatsewa da narkar da shi daidai ba ko da bayan dogon lokaci yana motsawa, yana samar da maganin flocculent mai hazo ko agglomeration. Yana tasiri sosai akan riƙe ruwa na ether cellulose, kuma solubility yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da za a zabi ether cellulose.
Fineness kuma muhimmin ma'aunin aiki ne na methyl cellulose ether. Ana buƙatar MC da aka yi amfani da shi don busassun busassun turmi don zama foda, tare da ƙananan abun ciki na ruwa, kuma fineness kuma yana buƙatar 20% ~ 60% na girman barbashi ya zama ƙasa da 63um. Rashin lafiya yana rinjayar solubility na methyl cellulose ether. Mc mai laushi yawanci granular ne, kuma yana da sauƙi a narke cikin ruwa ba tare da haɓaka ba, amma yawan narkewa yana da jinkirin gaske, don haka bai dace da amfani da busassun busassun turmi ba. A cikin busassun busassun turmi, MC yana tarwatse a tsakanin kayan siminti kamar tara, filler mai kyau da siminti, kuma isasshen foda kawai zai iya guje wa methyl cellulose ether agglomeration lokacin haɗuwa da ruwa. Lokacin da aka ƙara MC da ruwa don narkar da agglomerates, yana da wuyar tarwatsawa da narkewa.
M fineness na MC ba kawai asara ba ne, amma kuma yana rage ƙarfin gida na turmi. Lokacin da aka shafa irin wannan busasshen turmi a cikin wani babban yanki, saurin warkar da busasshen busassun turmi na gida zai ragu sosai, kuma za a sami tsagewa saboda lokutan warkewa daban-daban. Don turmi da aka fesa tare da aikin injiniya, abin da ake buƙata don fineness ya fi girma saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin haɗuwa.
Har ila yau, tarar MC yana da wani tasiri a kan riƙewar ruwa. Gabaɗaya magana, ga methyl cellulose ethers tare da danko iri ɗaya amma lafiya daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin adadin ƙari iri ɗaya, mafi kyawun mafi kyawun mafi kyawun tasirin riƙewar ruwa.
Riƙewar ruwa na MC kuma yana da alaƙa da yawan zafin jiki da ake amfani da shi, kuma riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ether yana raguwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki. Koyaya, a cikin aikace-aikacen zahiri na zahiri, turmi foda busassun ana amfani da su sau da yawa zuwa abubuwan zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa (mafi girma fiye da digiri 40) a cikin mahalli da yawa, kamar bangon bangon bangon bangon waje a ƙarƙashin rana a lokacin rani, wanda galibi yana haɓaka Curing na siminti da taurin busassun turmi foda. Rashin raguwar adadin ruwa yana haifar da jin dadi mai mahimmanci cewa duka aikin aiki da tsattsauran ra'ayi sun shafi, kuma yana da mahimmanci musamman don rage tasirin yanayin zafi a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin.
Ko da yake methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether additives a halin yanzu ana la'akari da su a kan gaba wajen ci gaban fasaha, dogaro da zafin jiki har yanzu zai haifar da raunana aikin busassun busassun turmi. Ko da yake adadin methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yana ƙaruwa (maganin lokacin rani), ƙarfin aiki da juriya har yanzu ba zai iya biyan bukatun amfani ba. Ta hanyar wasu jiyya na musamman akan MC, irin su ƙara yawan digiri na etherification, da dai sauransu, ana iya kiyaye tasirin ruwa a cikin zafin jiki mafi girma, don haka zai iya samar da mafi kyawun aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsanani.
3. Thickening da thixotropy na cellulose ether
Thickening da thixotropy na cellulose ether: Na biyu aiki na cellulose ether-thickening sakamako dogara a kan: mataki na polymerization na cellulose ether, bayani maida hankali, karfi kudi, zazzabi da sauran yanayi. Kayan gelling na maganin ya keɓanta ga alkyl cellulose da abubuwan da aka gyara. Abubuwan gelation suna da alaƙa da matakin maye gurbin, ƙaddamar da bayani da ƙari. Don abubuwan da aka gyara na hydroxyalkyl, abubuwan gel ɗin kuma suna da alaƙa da canjin canjin hydroxyalkyl. Domin low danko MC da HPMC, 10% -15% bayani za a iya shirya, matsakaici danko MC da HPMC za a iya shirya 5% -10% bayani, yayin da high danko MC da HPMC iya kawai shirya 2% -3% bayani, kuma yawanci rarrabuwar danko na cellulose ether kuma an ƙididdige shi da 1% -2% bayani.
Maɗaukakin nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. A cikin bayani guda ɗaya, polymers tare da ma'aunin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da danko daban-daban. Babban digiri. Maƙasudin danko kawai za a iya samu ta ƙara babban adadin ƙananan nauyin kwayar halitta ether. Dankowar sa yana da ɗan dogaro akan ƙimar juzu'i, kuma babban danko ya kai ga dankowar manufa, kuma adadin adadin da ake buƙata yana da ƙarami, kuma danko ya dogara da ƙimar girma. Sabili da haka, don cimma wani daidaituwa, dole ne a ba da garantin wani adadin ether cellulose (mahimmancin bayani) da danko bayani. Gel zafin jiki na maganin kuma yana raguwa a layi tare da karuwa da ƙaddamar da maganin, da gels a dakin da zafin jiki bayan kai wani taro. Matsakaicin gelling na HPMC yana da girma sosai a zafin jiki.
Hakanan za'a iya daidaita daidaito ta zabar girman barbashi da zabar ethers cellulose tare da digiri daban-daban na gyare-gyare. Abin da ake kira gyare-gyare shine gabatar da wani mataki na maye gurbin kungiyoyin hydroxyalkyl akan tsarin kwarangwal na MC. Ta hanyar canza dabi'un musanyawa na madogara biyun, wato, DS da ms dangi maye dabi'u na methoxy da hydroxyalkyl wadanda muke yawan fada. Ana iya samun buƙatun ayyuka daban-daban na ether cellulose ta hanyar canza dabi'un maye gurbin dangi na madogara biyu.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin daidaituwa da gyare-gyare: ƙari na ether cellulose yana rinjayar yawan amfani da ruwa na turmi, canza canjin ruwa da ciminti shine tasirin daɗaɗɗa, mafi girman sashi, mafi girma yawan amfani da ruwa.
Cellulose ethers da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan gini na foda dole ne su narke da sauri a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma su samar da daidaito mai dacewa ga tsarin. Idan aka ba shi ƙayyadaddun ƙimar juzu'i, har yanzu yana zama flocculent kuma toshe colloidal, wanda ba shi da inganci ko ingancin samfur.
Har ila yau, akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka ta layi tsakanin daidaituwar simintin siminti da kuma adadin ether cellulose. Cellulose ether na iya ƙara dankowar turmi sosai. Mafi girman sashi, mafi kyawun tasirin sakamako. High-danko cellulose ether ruwa bayani yana da babban thixotropy, wanda kuma shi ne babban hali na cellulose ether. Maganganun ruwa na MC polymers yawanci suna da pseudoplastic da ruwa maras-thixotropic a ƙasa da zafin gel ɗin su, amma kaddarorin kwararar Newtonian a ƙananan ƙimar ƙarfi. Pseudoplasticity yana ƙaruwa tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta ko tattarawar ether cellulose, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in maye gurbin da matakin maye gurbin ba. Saboda haka, cellulose ethers na wannan danko sa, ko da MC, HPMC, HEMC, za su kullum nuna iri rheological Properties idan dai da maida hankali da kuma zafin jiki suna kiyaye akai.
Ana samar da gels na tsari lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, kuma ana samun kwararar thixotropic sosai. Babban maida hankali da ƙananan danko ethers cellulose suna nuna thixotropy ko da a ƙasa da zafin jiki na gel. Wannan kadarar tana da fa'ida mai yawa ga daidaitawar daidaitawa da sagging a cikin ginin ginin turmi. Ya kamata a bayyana a nan cewa mafi girman danko na ether cellulose, mafi kyawun riƙewar ruwa, amma mafi girma da danko, mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether, da kuma raguwa mai dacewa a cikin solubility, wanda yana da mummunan tasiri. a kan turmi maida hankali da aikin yi. Mafi girma da danko, mafi bayyane tasirin tasiri akan turmi, amma bai dace ba. Wasu matsakaici da ƙananan danko, amma gyaggyarawa ether cellulose yana da mafi kyawun aiki wajen inganta ƙarfin tsarin jika. Tare da haɓakar danko, riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose yana inganta.
4. Jinkirin ether cellulose
Retardation na cellulose ether: Ayyuka na uku na ether cellulose shine jinkirta tsarin hydration na siminti. Cellulose ether yana ba da turmi tare da kaddarorin masu fa'ida iri-iri, kuma yana rage zafin farkon hydration na siminti kuma yana jinkirta aiwatar da aikin siminti mai ƙarfi. Wannan ba shi da kyau don amfani da turmi a cikin yankunan sanyi. Wannan sakamako na jinkirin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tallan ƙwayoyin ether na cellulose akan samfuran hydration kamar CSH da ca (OH) 2. Saboda karuwa a cikin danko na maganin pore, ether cellulose yana rage motsi na ions a cikin maganin, ta haka ne jinkirta tsarin hydration.
Mafi girman ƙaddamar da ether cellulose a cikin kayan gel na ma'adinai, mafi mahimmancin tasirin jinkirin hydration. Cellulose ether ba wai kawai jinkirta saiti ba, amma kuma yana jinkirta tsarin taurin tsarin siminti. Sakamakon retarding na cellulose ether ya dogara ba kawai a kan maida hankali a cikin tsarin gel ma'adinai ba, har ma a kan tsarin sinadaran. Mafi girman matakin methylation na HEMC, mafi kyawun sakamako na retarding na ether cellulose. Matsakaicin maye gurbin hydrophilic zuwa canjin haɓakar ruwa Tasirin jinkirta yana da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, danko na cellulose ether yana da ɗan tasiri akan ciminti hydration motsi.
Tare da haɓaka abun ciki na ether cellulose, lokacin saita turmi yana ƙaruwa sosai. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin lokacin saitin farko na turmi da abun ciki na ether cellulose, da kuma kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin lokacin saitin ƙarshe da abun ciki na ether cellulose. Za mu iya sarrafa lokacin aiki na turmi ta hanyar canza adadin ether cellulose.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 22-2023