1. Bayanin asali na masana'antu:
Ba-ionic cellulose ethers sun hada da HPMC, HEC, MHEC, MC, HPC, da dai sauransu, kuma yawanci ana amfani da su azaman fim-forming agents, binders, dispersants, water-retaining agents, thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers, da dai sauransu, ana amfani dashi sosai. a fagage da dama kamar su rufi, kayan gini, sinadarai na yau da kullun, binciken mai da iskar gas, magunguna, abinci, masaku, yin takarda, da dai sauransu, daga cikinsu akwai mafi girma a fannin sutura da kayan gini.
Ionic cellulose ethers galibi sune CMC da ingantaccen samfurin sa PAC. Idan aka kwatanta da ethers cellulose maras ionic, ionic cellulose ethers suna da mafi ƙarancin juriya na zafin jiki, juriya na gishiri da kwanciyar hankali, kuma aikin su yana da tasiri sosai daga waje na duniya. Kuma yana da sauƙin amsawa tare da Ca2 + wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin wasu sutura da kayan gini don samar da hazo, don haka ba a yi amfani da shi ba a fagen kayan gini da sutura. Duk da haka, saboda da kyau ruwa solubility, thickening, bonding, fim samuwar, danshi riƙewa da watsawa da kwanciyar hankali, tare da balagagge samar da fasaha da kuma in mun gwada low samar da kudin, shi ne yafi amfani da detergents, man fetur da iskar gas da kuma abinci Additives da sauran filayen. .
2. Tarihin ci gaban masana'antu:
① Tarihin ci gaba na masana'antar ether ba-ionic cellulose: A cikin 1905, an gano etherification na cellulose a karo na farko a duniya, ta yin amfani da dimethyl sulfate da alkali-swelled cellulose don methylation. Nonionic cellulose ethers Lilienfeld ne ya ba da izini a cikin 1912, kuma Dreyfus (1914) da Leuchs (1920) sun sami ethers cellulose mai narkewa da mai-mai narkewa, bi da bi. Hubert ya yi HEC a cikin 1920. A farkon 1920s, an sayar da carboxymethylcellulose a Jamus. Daga 1937 zuwa 1938, Amurka ta fahimci samar da masana'antu na MC da HEC. Bayan 1945, samar da ether cellulose ya fadada cikin sauri a Yammacin Turai, Amurka da Japan. Bayan kusan shekaru ɗari na haɓakawa, ether wanda ba ionic cellulose ether ya zama albarkatun kasa da aka saba amfani dashi a duniya.
Har yanzu akwai wani tazara tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba dangane da matakin tsarin samarwa da filayen aikace-aikacen samfur na ethers waɗanda ba na ionic cellulose ba. Dangane da fasahar kere-kere, kasashen da suka ci gaba irinsu Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da Japan suna da fasahar da balagagge balagaggu da fasaha, kuma galibi suna samar da kayan aiki masu inganci kamar sutura, abinci, da magunguna; Kasashe masu tasowa suna da babban bukatu ga CMC da HPMC, kuma fasahar tana da wahala samar da samfuran ether cellulose tare da ƙarancin buƙatu shine babban abin da ake samarwa, kuma fannin kayan gini shine babban kasuwar masu amfani.
Dangane da filayen aikace-aikacen, ƙasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Turai da Amurka sun kafa sarkar masana'antu cikakke kuma balagagge don samfuran ether ɗin su na cellulose saboda dalilai kamar farkon farawa da ƙarfin R&D mai ƙarfi, kuma aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa sun rufe fannoni da yawa na tattalin arzikin kasa; yayin da kasashe masu tasowa Sakamakon ɗan gajeren lokacin ci gaban masana'antar ether cellulose, aikin aikace-aikacen ya yi ƙasa da na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Duk da haka, tare da haɓaka matakan ci gaban tattalin arziƙin ƙasashe masu tasowa sannu a hankali, sarkar masana'antu tana ƙoƙarin daidaitawa, kuma yanayin aikace-aikacen yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa.
②HEC tarihin ci gaban masana'antu: HEC muhimmin mahimmancin hydroxyalkyl cellulose da ether cellulose mai narkewa da ruwa tare da babban adadin samarwa a duniya.
Yin amfani da ruwa ethylene oxide a matsayin wakili na etherification don shirya HEC ya haifar da sabon tsari don samar da ether cellulose. Abubuwan da suka dace da fasaha da ƙarfin samarwa sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin manyan masana'antun sinadarai a Turai, Amurka, Japan, da Koriya ta Kudu. HEC a cikin ƙasata an fara haɓakawa ne a cikin 1977 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Wuxi da Harbin Chemical No. samfur. Koyaya, saboda dalilai kamar fasaha na baya baya da ƙarancin ingancin samfur, ya kasa yin gasa mai inganci tare da masana'antun duniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antun cikin gida irin su Yin Ying New Materials a hankali sun karya ta shingaye na fasaha, ingantattun hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, samar da damar samar da yawan jama'a don ingantaccen samfura, kuma an haɗa su cikin iyakokin saye ta hanyar masana'antun ƙasa, suna ci gaba da haɓaka aikin cikin gida. canji.
3. Babban alamun aikin aiki da tsarin shirye-shiryen na ether ba na ionic cellulose:
(1) Babban alamun aikin ether ba na ionic cellulose ether ba: manyan alamun aikin samfuran samfuran ether marasa ionic cellulose sune matakin maye gurbin da danko, da sauransu.
(2) Fasaha shirye-shiryen ba-ionic cellulose ether: A cikin tsarin samar da ether cellulose, duka da raw cellulose da farkon kafa cellulose ether suna cikin wani cakuda multiphase jihar. Saboda da stirring hanya, abu rabo da kuma albarkatun kasa form, da dai sauransu Theoretically magana, da cellulose ethers samu ta daban-daban halayen ne duk inhomogeneous, kuma akwai bambance-bambance a cikin matsayi, yawa da samfurin tsarki na ether kungiyoyin, wato, samu samu. cellulose ethers ne a kan daban-daban cellulose macromolecular sarƙoƙi, The lamba da kuma rarraba maye a kan daban-daban glucose zobe kungiyoyin a kan wannan cellulose macromolecule da C (2), C (3) da C (6) a kan kowane cellulose zobe kungiyar ne daban-daban. Yadda za a magance matsalar musanya mara daidaituwa shine mabuɗin sarrafa sarrafawa a cikin tsarin samar da ether cellulose.
Don taƙaitawa, magani mai mahimmanci, alkalisation, etherification, tsaftacewa mai tsaftacewa da sauran matakai a cikin tsarin samar da ether wanda ba na ionic cellulose ba duk yana da manyan buƙatu don fasahar shirye-shirye, sarrafa tsari da kayan aiki; a lokaci guda, yawan samar da samfurori masu inganci yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai yawa da ƙwarewar ƙungiyar samarwa.
4. Binciken matsayin aikace-aikacen kasuwa:
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da samfuran HEC a fannonin sutura, sinadarai na yau da kullun da kuma kare muhalli, amma irin waɗannan samfuran kuma ana iya amfani da su a wasu fannoni da yawa kamar abinci, magunguna, binciken mai da iskar gas; Ana amfani da samfuran MHEC a fagen kayan gini.
(1)Filin sutura:
Additives masu rufi sune mafi mahimmancin aikace-aikacen samfuran HEC. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wadanda ba ionic cellulose ethers, HEC yana da fili abũbuwan amfãni a matsayin shafi ƙari: Na farko, HEC yana da kyau ajiya kwanciyar hankali, wanda zai iya yadda ya kamata inganta tarewa hari na nazarin halittu enzymes a kan glucose raka'a don kula da danko kwanciyar hankali, Tabbatar da cewa shafi ba zai. bayyana delamination bayan wani lokaci na ajiya; na biyu, HEC yana da solubility mai kyau, HEC za a iya narkar da shi a cikin ruwan zafi ko ruwan sanyi, kuma yana da wani lokacin jinkirin hydration lokacin da aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma ba zai haifar da gunkin gel ba , Good dispersibility da solubility; Na uku, HEC yana da haɓakar launi mai kyau da rashin daidaituwa mai kyau tare da mafi yawan masu launi, don haka fentin da aka shirya yana da launi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali.
(2)Filin kayan gini:
Ko da yake HEC iya saduwa da bukatun cellulose ether Additives a fagen ginin kayan, saboda ta high shiri kudin, da kuma in mun gwada da low bukatun ga samfurin Properties da workability na turmi da putty idan aka kwatanta da coatings, talakawa gini kayan sau da yawa zabi HPMC ko MHEC. kamar yadda babban cellulose ether additives. Idan aka kwatanta da HPMC, tsarin sinadarai na MHEC yana da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na hydrophilic, don haka yana da kwanciyar hankali a babban zafin jiki, wato, yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da matakin kayan gini na HPMC, yana da ƙananan zafin jiki na gel, kuma riƙewar ruwa da mannewa ya fi karfi idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin zafi.
(3)Filin sinadarai na yau da kullun:
Ethers cellulose da aka saba amfani da su a cikin sinadarai na yau da kullum sune CMC da HEC. Idan aka kwatanta da CMC, HEC yana da wasu fa'idodi a cikin haɗin kai, juriya da kwanciyar hankali. Misali, ana iya amfani da CMC azaman manne don samfuran sinadarai na yau da kullun ba tare da dabarar ƙari na musamman ba. Duk da haka, anionic CMC yana kula da ions mai girma, wanda zai rage aikin m na CMC, kuma amfani da CMC a cikin kayan aikin sinadarai na musamman na yau da kullum yana iyakance. Yin amfani da HEC a matsayin mai ɗaure yana haɓaka aikin mai ɗaure a kan ions mai girma, yana inganta kwanciyar hankali na samfurori na yau da kullum kuma yana tsawaita lokacin ajiya.
(4)Filin kare muhalli:
A halin yanzu, samfuran HEC galibi ana amfani da su a cikin mannewa da sauran fannonin samfuran jigilar yumbu na saƙar zuma. An fi amfani da jigilar yumbura na zuma a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye na bayan-jiyya na injunan konewa na ciki kamar motoci da jiragen ruwa, kuma yana taka rawa na maganin iskar gas don biyan ka'idojin fitarwa.
5. Halin kasuwa na yanzu a gida da waje:
(1)Bayanin kasuwar nonionic cellulose ether na duniya:
Ta fuskar rarraba karfin samar da kayayyaki a duniya, kashi 43% na jimillar ether da ake samarwa a duniya a shekarar 2018 sun fito ne daga Asiya (China ce ke da kashi 79% na yawan kayayyakin da ake samarwa a Asiya), Yammacin Turai ya kai kashi 36%, Arewacin Amurka ya kai kashi 8%. Daga hangen nesa na buƙatun duniya don ether cellulose, yawan amfani da ether na cellulose a duniya a cikin 2018 shine kusan tan miliyan 1.1. Daga 2018 zuwa 2023, amfani da ether na cellulose zai girma a matsakaicin adadin shekara-shekara na 2.9%.
Kusan rabin yawan amfani da ether na cellulose na duniya shine ionic cellulose (wanda CMC ke wakilta), wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin kayan wanke-wanke, abubuwan da ake amfani da su a filin mai da kayan abinci; Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku shine methyl cellulose maras ionic da abubuwan da suka samo asali (wanda HPMC ke wakilta), sauran kashi na shida kuma shine hydroxyethyl cellulose da abubuwan da suka samo asali da sauran ethers cellulose. Haɓaka buƙatu na ethers waɗanda ba na ionic cellulose ba ana yin su ne ta hanyar aikace-aikace a fagen kayan gini, sutura, abinci, magunguna, da sinadarai na yau da kullun. Daga hangen nesa na rarraba yanki na kasuwar masu amfani, kasuwar Asiya ita ce kasuwa mafi girma cikin sauri. Daga 2014 zuwa 2019, adadin karuwar buƙatun buƙatun cellulose ether a Asiya ya kai 8.24%. Daga cikin su, babban abin da ake bukata a Asiya ya fito ne daga kasar Sin, wanda ya kai kashi 23% na yawan bukatun duniya baki daya.
(2)Bayanin kasuwar ether ba na ionic cellulose na cikin gida:
A kasar Sin, ethers ionic cellulose da CMC ke wakilta sun haɓaka a baya, suna samar da ingantaccen tsarin samarwa da babban ƙarfin samarwa. Dangane da bayanan IHS, masana'antun kasar Sin sun mamaye kusan rabin karfin samar da kayayyakin CMC na yau da kullun a duniya. Ci gaban da ba ionic cellulose ether ya fara dan kadan a cikin ƙasata, amma saurin ci gaba yana da sauri.
Bayan shekaru na ci gaba, kasuwar ether ta kasar Sin wadda ba ta ionic ce ta samu ci gaba sosai. A cikin 2021, ƙirar da aka ƙera na ƙirar kayan gini na HPMC zai kai ton 117,600, fitarwar zai zama ton 104,300, kuma adadin tallace-tallace zai zama ton 97,500. Manyan ma'auni na masana'antu da fa'idodin gida sun sami ainihin maye gurbin gida. Koyaya, don samfuran HEC, saboda ƙarshen farkon R&D da samarwa a cikin ƙasata, tsarin samarwa mai rikitarwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fasahar fasaha, ƙarfin samarwa na yanzu, samarwa da tallace-tallace na samfuran gida na HEC kaɗan ne. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da kamfanoni na cikin gida ke ci gaba da haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da haɓakawa, haɓaka matakin fasaha da haɓaka abokan ciniki na rayayye, samarwa da tallace-tallace sun haɓaka cikin sauri. Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga kungiyar masana'antu ta kasar Sin Cellulose, a shekarar 2021, manyan kamfanonin cikin gida HEC (wanda suka hada da kididdigar kungiyar masana'antu, da dukkan dalilai) sun tsara karfin samar da tan 19,000, da fitar da tan 17,300, da adadin tallace-tallace na 16,800. ton. Daga cikin su, karfin samar da kayayyaki ya karu da kashi 72.73% a duk shekara idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2020, abin da aka fitar ya karu da kashi 43.41% na shekara-shekara, kuma adadin tallace-tallace ya karu da kashi 40.60% na shekara-shekara.
A matsayin ƙari, girman tallace-tallace na HEC yana da matukar tasiri ta buƙatar kasuwar ƙasa. A matsayin mafi mahimmancin filin aikace-aikacen HEC, masana'antar sutura tana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi tare da masana'antar HEC dangane da fitarwa da rarraba kasuwa. Daga mahangar rarraba kasuwa, ana rarraba kasuwar masana'anta a Jiangsu, da Zhejiang da Shanghai dake gabashin kasar Sin, da Guangdong dake kudancin kasar Sin, da gabar tekun kudu maso gabas, da Sichuan dake kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin. Daga cikin su, aikin da ake yi a Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai da Fujian ya kai kusan kashi 32%, kuma a kudancin Sin da Guangdong ya kai kashi 20%. 5 a sama. Kasuwar kayayyakin HEC kuma ta fi mayar da hankali ne a Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong da Fujian. A halin yanzu ana amfani da HEC a cikin kayan aikin gine-gine, amma ya dace da kowane nau'in suturar ruwa dangane da halayen samfuransa.
A shekarar 2021, ana sa ran jimillar abin da ake fitarwa a duk shekara na kayan shafa na kasar Sin ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 25.82, kuma za a fitar da kayayyakin gine-gine da rigunan masana'antu zai kai tan miliyan 7.51 da tan miliyan 18.31 bi da bi. Rigunan ruwa a halin yanzu suna da kusan kashi 90% na kayan aikin gine-gine, kuma game da lissafin kashi 25%, an kiyasta cewa samar da ruwan fenti na ƙasata a cikin 2021 zai zama kusan tan miliyan 11.3365. A ka'ida, adadin HEC da aka ƙara zuwa fenti na ruwa shine 0.1% zuwa 0.5%, ana ƙididdige shi akan matsakaicin 0.3%, ana ɗauka cewa duk fenti na ruwa suna amfani da HEC azaman ƙari, buƙatar ƙasa ta ƙasa don ƙimar fenti HEC kusan kusan. 34,000 ton. Dangane da jimlar samar da kayan shafa na duniya na ton miliyan 97.6 a cikin 2020 (wanda kayan aikin gine-gine ke da kashi 58.20% da kuma masana'antun masana'antu suna lissafin 41.80%), ana ƙididdige buƙatun duniya don darajar suturar HEC kusan tan 184,000.
A taƙaice, a halin yanzu, kaso na kasuwan da ake yi na rufin darajar HEC na masana'antun cikin gida a kasar Sin har yanzu ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma yawancin kasuwannin cikin gida suna mamaye da masana'antun duniya da ke wakiltar Ashland ta Amurka, kuma akwai babban fili na cikin gida. canji. Tare da haɓaka ingancin samfurin HEC na cikin gida da haɓaka ƙarfin samarwa, zai ƙara yin gasa tare da masana'antun duniya a cikin filin da ke ƙasa da ke wakilta ta sutura. Canjin cikin gida da gasar kasuwannin duniya za su zama babban yanayin ci gaban wannan masana'antar a cikin wani ɗan lokaci a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-01-2023