Cellulose ether tasiri akan riƙe ruwa

An yi amfani da hanyar simintin muhalli don nazarin tasirin ethers cellulose tare da nau'i daban-daban na maye gurbin da kuma maye gurbin molar akan ajiyar ruwa na turmi a karkashin yanayi mai zafi. Binciken sakamakon gwaji ta amfani da kayan aikin ƙididdiga ya nuna cewa hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether tare da ƙananan digiri na maye gurbin da babban digiri na canji na molar yana nuna mafi kyawun riƙe ruwa a cikin turmi.

Mabuɗin kalmomi: ether cellulose: riƙewar ruwa; turmi; hanyar kwaikwayon muhalli; yanayin zafi

Saboda fa'idarsa a cikin kula da inganci, dacewa da amfani da sufuri, da kariyar muhalli, a halin yanzu ana ƙara amfani da turmi mai gauraye da bushewa wajen ginin gini. Ana amfani da turmi mai busassun busassun bayan an ƙara ruwa da haɗuwa a wurin ginin. Ruwa yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu: ɗaya shine tabbatar da aikin ginin turmi, ɗayan kuma shine tabbatar da ruwa na siminti ta yadda turmi zai iya cimma abubuwan da ake buƙata na zahiri da injin bayan taurin. Daga kammala ƙara ruwa zuwa turmi zuwa kammala ginin don samun isassun kaddarorin jiki da na injina, ruwan kyauta zai yi ƙaura ta hanyoyi biyu baya ga hydrating da siminti: shayar ƙasa da ƙafewar ƙasa. A cikin yanayin zafi ko a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, danshi yana ƙafe da sauri daga saman. A cikin yanayin zafi ko ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye, yana da mahimmanci cewa turmi ya riƙe danshi da sauri daga saman kuma ya rage asarar ruwa kyauta. Makullin yin la'akari da ajiyar ruwa na turmi shine ƙayyade hanyar gwajin da ta dace. Li Wei et al. yayi nazarin hanyar gwajin turmi mai riƙe da ruwa kuma ya gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da hanyar tace injin da kuma hanyar tace takarda, hanyar kwaikwaiyon muhalli na iya yin tasiri yadda ya dace da riƙe ruwa na turmi a yanayin yanayin yanayi daban-daban.

Cellulose ether shine abin da aka fi amfani da shi mai riƙe da ruwa a cikin busassun kayan turmi da aka haɗe. Mafi yawan amfani da ethers cellulose a cikin busassun busassun turmi sune hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Ƙungiyoyin da suka dace da su sune hydroxyethyl, methyl da hydroxypropyl, methyl. Matsayin maye gurbin (DS) na cellulose ether yana nuna matakin da aka maye gurbin rukunin hydroxyl akan kowane rukunin anhydroglucose, kuma matakin maye gurbin molar (MS) yana nuna cewa idan rukunin maye gurbin ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar hydroxyl, canjin canji ya ci gaba zuwa aiwatar da amsawar etherification daga sabon rukunin hydroxyl kyauta. digiri. Tsarin sinadarai da matakin maye gurbin ether cellulose sune mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar jigilar danshi a cikin turmi da ƙananan tsarin turmi. Ƙara yawan nauyin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether zai kara yawan ruwa na turmi, kuma nau'i daban-daban na maye gurbin zai shafi riƙe ruwa na turmi.

Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da busassun busassun ginin gine-ginen turmi sun haɗa da yanayin zafi, yanayin zafi, saurin iska da ruwan sama. Dangane da yanayin zafi, kwamitin ACI (American Concrete Institute) Committee 305 ya bayyana shi a matsayin duk wani haɗe-haɗe na abubuwa kamar yanayin zafi mai yawa, ƙarancin ɗanɗano, da saurin iska, wanda ke cutar da inganci ko aikin sabo ko taurin siminti na irin wannan yanayin. Lokacin bazara a ƙasata shine lokacin kololuwar lokacin gina gine-gine daban-daban. Gina a cikin yanayi mai zafi tare da zafi mai zafi da ƙarancin zafi, musamman ma ɓangaren turmi a bayan bango yana iya fuskantar hasken rana, wanda zai shafi sabon haɗuwa da taurin turmi mai bushe. Mahimman tasiri akan aiki kamar rage yawan aiki, rashin ruwa da asarar ƙarfi. Yadda za a tabbatar da ingancin turmi mai gauraya busasshen a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi ya ja hankali da binciken masana masana'antar turmi da ma'aikatan gini.

A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da hanyar simintin muhalli don kimanta riƙewar ruwa na turmi gauraye da hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether tare da digiri daban-daban na maye gurbin da maye gurbin molar a 45.℃, kuma ana amfani da software na ƙididdiga JMP8.02 yana nazarin bayanan gwajin don nazarin tasirin ethers na cellulose daban-daban akan ajiyar ruwa na turmi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi.

1. Kayan albarkatun kasa da hanyoyin gwaji

1.1 Kayan danye

Conch P. 042.5 Siminti, 50-100 mesh quartz yashi, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ether (HEMC) da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) tare da danko na 40000mPa·s. Don gujewa tasirin wasu abubuwan, gwajin ya ɗauki tsarin turmi mai sauƙi, wanda ya haɗa da siminti 30%, ether 0.2% cellulose, da yashi quartz 69.8%, kuma adadin ruwan da aka ƙara shine kashi 19% na jimlar turmi. Dukansu ɗimbin yawa ne.

1.2 Hanyar kwaikwayo ta muhalli

Na'urar gwaji ta hanyar simintin muhalli tana amfani da fitilun aidin-tungsten, magoya baya, da ɗakunan muhalli don daidaita yanayin zafi na waje, zafi, da saurin iska, da dai sauransu, don gwada bambancin ingancin turmi mai gauraye sabo a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, da gwada ajiyar ruwa na turmi. A cikin wannan gwaji, an inganta hanyar gwaji a cikin wallafe-wallafen, kuma an haɗa kwamfutar zuwa ma'auni don yin rikodin atomatik da gwaji, don haka rage kuskuren gwaji.

Anyi gwajin ne a cikin madaidaicin dakin gwaje-gwaje [zazzabi (23±2)°C, yanayin zafi (50±3)%] ta amfani da tushe mai tushe mara sha (fila ta tasa tare da diamita na ciki na 88mm) a zazzabi mai zafi na 45°C. Hanyar gwajin ita ce kamar haka:

(1) Tare da kashe fan, kunna fitilar aidin-tungsten, kuma sanya kwanon filastik a cikin tsayayyen wuri a tsaye a ƙasa da fitilar aidin-tungsten don yin zafi na 1 h;

(2) A auna farantin robobi, sannan a sanya turmi da aka zuga a cikin kwanon filastik, a yi laushi daidai da kaurin da ake bukata, sannan a auna shi;

(3) A mayar da kwanon filastik zuwa matsayinsa na asali, kuma software tana sarrafa ma'auni don yin awo ta atomatik sau ɗaya kowane minti 5, kuma gwajin ya ƙare bayan awa 1.

2. Sakamako da tattaunawa

Sakamakon lissafin adadin riƙe ruwa R0 na turmi gauraye da ethers cellulose daban-daban bayan haskakawa a 45°C don 30 min.

An yi nazarin bayanan gwajin da ke sama ta amfani da samfurin JMP8.02 na ƙungiyar software ta SAS Company, don samun ingantaccen sakamakon bincike. Tsarin bincike shine kamar haka.

2.1 Binciken koma baya da dacewa

An yi dacewa da samfurin ta daidaitattun murabba'ai. Kwatanta tsakanin ƙimar da aka auna da ƙimar da aka annabta yana nuna ƙimar dacewa da ƙirar, kuma an nuna shi cikakke a hoto. Hannun lanƙwasa guda biyu suna wakiltar “tazarar amincewa 95%”, kuma layin kwance da aka tsinke yana wakiltar matsakaicin ƙimar duk bayanai. Madaidaicin lanƙwasa da Matsayin layin kwance da aka tsinke yana nuna cewa ƙirar ƙira-mataki ne na yau da kullun.

Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga don dacewa da taƙaitaccen bayani da ANOVA. A cikin taƙaitaccen bayani, R² ya kai 97%, kuma ƙimar P a cikin ƙididdigar bambance-bambancen ya kasance ƙasa da 0.05. Haɗuwa da yanayin biyu ya kara nuna cewa dacewa da samfurin yana da mahimmanci.

2.2 Binciken Abubuwan Tasiri

A cikin iyakar wannan gwaji, a ƙarƙashin yanayin minti 30 na haskakawa, abubuwan da suka dace da tasiri sune kamar haka: dangane da dalilai guda ɗaya, p dabi'un da aka samu ta nau'in cellulose ether da digiri na maye gurbin molar duk sun kasa 0.05. , wanda ke nuna cewa na biyu na ƙarshe yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan riƙe ruwa na turmi. Dangane da hulɗar da ake ciki, daga sakamakon gwaji na sakamakon bincike mai dacewa na tasirin nau'in ether cellulose, digiri na maye gurbin (Ds) da kuma matakin maye gurbin molar (MS) akan riƙewar ruwa na turmi, nau'in ether na cellulose da digiri na maye gurbin, Harkokin hulɗar tsakanin digiri na maye gurbin da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan riƙewar ruwa na turmi, saboda p-darajar duka biyu ba su da ƙasa da 0.05. Ma'amalar abubuwa na nuna cewa an fi siffanta mu'amalar abubuwa biyu da hankali. Gicciyen yana nuna cewa su biyun suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi, kuma daidaici yana nuna cewa su biyun suna da alaƙa mai rauni. A cikin zane mai ma'ana, ɗauki yankinα inda nau'in tsaye da digirin canji na gefe suka yi mu'amala a matsayin misali, sassan layi biyu suna haɗuwa, wanda ke nuna cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin nau'in da matakin maye gurbin yana da ƙarfi, kuma a cikin yanki b inda nau'in tsaye da digirin canji na molar lateral mu'amala , sassan layi guda biyu suna da alaƙa da juna, suna nuna cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin nau'in da maye gurbin ƙwanƙwasa ba ta da ƙarfi.

2.3 Hasashen riƙe ruwa

Dangane da samfurin da ya dace, bisa ga cikakken tasirin ethers na cellulose daban-daban a kan riƙe ruwa na turmi, an yi la'akari da riƙewar ruwa ta hanyar software na JMP, kuma ana samun haɗin ma'auni don mafi kyawun ajiyar ruwa na turmi. Hasashen ajiyar ruwa yana nuna haɗin mafi kyawun riƙon turmi da haɓakar haɓakawa, wato, HEMC ya fi HPMC kwatancen nau'in, matsakaici da ƙaramin canji ya fi canji mai yawa, matsakaici da babba ya fi ƙaramin canji. a maye gurbin molar, amma Babu wani gagarumin bambanci tsakanin su biyun a cikin wannan haɗin. A taƙaice, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ethers tare da ƙaramin digiri na maye gurbin da babban matakin maye gurbin molar ya nuna mafi kyawun riƙon turmi a 45.℃. A ƙarƙashin wannan haɗin gwiwar, ƙimar da aka annabta na riƙewar ruwa da tsarin ya bayar shine 0.611736±0.014244.

3. Kammalawa

(1) A matsayin mahimmanci guda ɗaya, nau'in ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan riƙewar ruwa na turmi, kuma hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ya fi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Ya nuna cewa bambancin nau'in maye gurbin zai haifar da bambanci a cikin ruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, nau'in ether cellulose yana hulɗa tare da matakin maye gurbin.

(2) A matsayin mahimmin fa'ida guda ɗaya mai tasiri, matakin maye gurbin molar cellulose ether yana raguwa, kuma riƙewar ruwa na turmi yana ƙoƙarin raguwa. Wannan yana nuna cewa yayin da sashin gefe na ƙungiyar masu maye gurbin cellulose ether ke ci gaba da shan maganin etherification tare da rukunin hydroxyl na kyauta, zai kuma haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin riƙon ruwa na turmi.

(3) Matsayin maye gurbin ethers cellulose yayi hulɗa tare da nau'i da nau'i na nau'i na maye gurbin. Tsakanin digiri na maye gurbin da nau'in, a cikin yanayin ƙananan digiri na maye gurbin, riƙewar ruwa na HEMC ya fi na HPMC; a yanayin babban canji, bambanci tsakanin HEMC da HPMC ba su da yawa. Don hulɗar da ke tsakanin digiri na maye gurbin da maye gurbin ƙwanƙwasa, a cikin yanayin ƙananan digiri na maye gurbin, riƙewar ruwa na ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ya fi na babban digiri na maye gurbin; Bambancin ba babba bane.

(4) Turmi da aka haɗe da hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether tare da ƙananan digiri na maye gurbin da babban digiri na canji ya nuna mafi kyawun riƙewar ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi. Duk da haka, yadda za a bayyana tasirin nau'in ether cellulose, digiri na maye gurbin da kuma digiri na ƙwanƙwasa a kan riƙewar ruwa na turmi, batun injiniya a cikin wannan yanayin har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙarin nazari.