Iyiphi i-polymer ebizwa ngokuthi i-cellulose yemvelo?

I-cellulose yemvelo iyi-polymer eyinkimbinkimbi eyingxenye yesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo. Le polysaccharide idlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla, ukuqina kanye nokwesekwa kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo, anikele esakhiweni sonke sezicubu zezitshalo.

I-cellulose yemvelo i-polysaccharide, i-carbohydrate eyakhiwe ngamaketanga amade amayunithi eglucose axhunywe ndawonye ngamabhondi e-β-1,4-glycosidic. Ingenye yezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ngobuningi eMhlabeni futhi itholakala ngokuyinhloko ezindongeni zamangqamuzana ezitshalo. Ukuhlelwa okuyingqayizivele kwama-molecule e-cellulose kunikeza izicubu zesitshalo amandla amangalisayo nokuqina, okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo nokusebenza kwesitshalo.

Isakhiwo se-cellulose yemvelo

Iyunithi yesakhiwo eyisisekelo ye-cellulose iketango lomugqa lama-molecule e-β-D-glucose, lapho iyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ixhunywe kuyunithi elandelayo ye-glucose ngebhondi engu-β-1,4-glycosidic. Ama-β-bond anikeza i-cellulose isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele somugqa nesingenagatsha. Ngokungafani nesitashi (enye i-polysaccharide eyenziwe nge-glucose), i-cellulose ayikwazi ukugaywa yizinto eziningi eziphilayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-beta-links, ama-enzyme afana ne-amylase angakwazi ukuphuka.

Amayunithi eglucose aphindaphindayo kumaketango e-cellulose akha amaketanga amade aqondile ahlanganiswe amabhondi e-hydrogen e-intermolecular. Lawa mabhondi aneqhaza ekwakhekeni kwama-microfibrils, abuye anqwabelana ukuze akhe izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi imicu ye-cellulose. Ukuhlelwa kwale micu kunikeza amandla nokuqina kokutshala izindonga zamaseli.

Umthombo we-fiber yemvelo

isitshalo:

Izinkuni: Izinkuni zicebile nge-cellulose futhi ziwumthombo omkhulu wezicelo zezimboni.

Ukotini: Ifayibha kakotini icishe ibe yi-cellulose emsulwa, okwenza ukotini ube omunye wemithombo yemvelo ebaluleke kakhulu yale polymer.

I-Hemp: Ngokufana nokotini, i-hemp fiber yakhiwa ikakhulukazi nge-cellulose.

Ulwelwe:

Izinhlobo ezithile zolwelwe ziqukethe i-cellulose ezindongeni zamangqamuzana azo, okunomthelela ekuqineni kwesakhiwo salezi zidalwa ze-photosynthetic.

amagciwane:

Amanye amagciwane akhiqiza i-cellulose, akha ungqimba oluyisivikelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-biofilm. Le cellulose yebhaktheriya inezinto eziyingqayizivele ezenza ibe yigugu emisebenzini ehlukahlukene.

I-biosynthesis ye-cellulose

I-cellulose biosynthesis yenzeka ngokuyinhloko kulwelwesi lwe-plasma lamaseli ezitshalo. Le nqubo ibandakanya i-enzyme eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cellulose synthase, eyenza i-polymerization yamayunithi e-glucose abe ngamaketanga e-cellulose. Lawa maketango akhishwa kulwelwesi lwe-plasma bese enza ama-microfibrils odongeni lweseli.

Izici ze-cellulose yemvelo

Ukungancibiliki:

Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esicwebezelayo, i-cellulose ngokuvamile ayincibiliki emanzini nasezincibilikilweni eziningi eziphilayo.

I-Hydrophilicity:

Nakuba ingancibiliki, i-cellulose inezakhiwo ze-hydrophilic, eyivumela ukuthi imunce futhi igcine amanzi.

I-Biodegradability:

I-Cellulose i-biodegradable futhi ngenxa yalokho ayihambisani nemvelo. Ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane kanye nesikhunta anama-enzyme ahlukanisa i-cellulose ibe yizinhlanganisela ezilula.

Amandla omshini:

Ukuhlelwa okuyingqayizivele kwama-molecule e-cellulose kunikeza imicu ye-cellulose amandla amahle kakhulu okusebenza, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.

Izicelo ze-cellulose yemvelo

indwangu:

Ukotini ikakhulukazi wakhiwe nge-cellulose futhi uyimpahla eluhlaza eyinhloko embonini yendwangu.

Iphepha ne-pulp:

I-Wood pulp inothile nge-cellulose futhi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iphepha namakhadibhodi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Biomedical:

I-cellulose yebhaktheriya ithola ukusetshenziswa ekugqokeni amanxeba, ubunjiniyela bezicubu, kanye nokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukile.

imboni yokudla:

Okuphuma ku-cellulose, okufana ne-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), asetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengama-thickeners nama-stabilizers.

Ama-Biofuels:

I-cellulosic biomass ingasetshenziswa njenge-feedstock yokukhiqiza ama-biofuels, ibe nomthelela emandleni aqhubekayo.

Izinselelo namathemba esikhathi esizayo

Naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwayo, kunezinselelo zokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose. Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhipha, ukubola kwe-biodegradability okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-cellulose yizindawo zocwaningo oluqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ku-biotechnology ingase inike amandla ubunjiniyela bezitshalo ezinezakhiwo eziguquliwe ze-cellulose ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezithile.

I-cellulose yemvelo iyi-polymer ehlobene nezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni izakhiwo ezingokoqobo zezitshalo. Isakhiwo sawo esiyingqayizivele siphumela ekuhlelweni kwamayunithi eglucose axhunywe ngamabhondi e-β-1,4-glycosidic, okunikeza izicubu zezitshalo amandla abalulekile nokuqina. I-Cellulose ivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kusukela kukhuni kuya kukotini kuya ku-cellulose yebhaktheriya, okwenza kube nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene emikhakheni yezimboni ehlukahlukene.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-biotechnology iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-cellulose kuyakhula. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko kwezindwangu nephepha kuya ekusetshenzisweni okusha kwezobunjiniyela be-biomedical namandla asimeme, i-cellulose yemvelo ihlala iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwayo, izakhiwo kanye nemvelaphi kubalulekile ekuvuleni amandla aphelele ale polymer emangalisayo ukuze kubhekwane nezinselelo nezidingo zomhlaba othuthukayo ngokushesha.