Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-DS nesisindo samangqamuzana e-Sodium CMC

I-Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) iyi-polymer encibilikayo emanzini esebenza ngezindlela eziningi etholakala ku-cellulose, i-polysaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukudla, ezemithi, izimonyo, izindwangu, nokumba uwoyela, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile nokusebenza kwayo.

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ze-Sodium CMC:

I-CMC ihlanganiswa ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali e-cellulose, lapho amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) ethulwa kumgogodla we-cellulose ngokusabela kwe-etherification noma i-esterification. I-degree of substitution (DS) ibhekisela enanini eliyisilinganiso lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ochungechungeni lwe-cellulose. Amanani e-DS ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.2 kuye ku-1.5, kuye ngezimo zokuhlanganisa nezici ezifiswayo ze-CMC.

Isisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC sisho usayizi omaphakathi wamaketanga e-polymer futhi angahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nomthombo we-cellulose, indlela yokuhlanganisa, izimo zokusabela, namasu okuhlanza. Isisindo samangqamuzana ngokuvamile sibonakala ngemingcele efana nenani-isilinganiso sesisindo se-molecular (Mn), isisindo-isilinganiso se-molecular weight (Mw), kanye ne-viscosity-avareji ye-molecular weight (Mv).

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Sodium CMC:

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CMC ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusabela kwe-cellulose nge-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ne-chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) noma usawoti wayo we-sodium (NaClCH2COOH). Ukusabela kuqhubeka ngokushintshwa kwe-nucleophilic, lapho amaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH) kumgogodla we-cellulose esabela namaqembu e-chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) ukuze akhe amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

I-DS ye-CMC ingalawulwa ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-molar ye-chloroacetic acid ku-cellulose, isikhathi sokusabela, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, neminye imingcele ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Amanani aphezulu e-DS ngokuvamile afinyelelwa ngokugxila okuphezulu kwe-chloroacetic acid kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ezinde.

Isisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC sithonywa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana ezinto zokuqala ze-cellulose, izinga lokuwohloka ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, kanye nezinga le-polymerization lamaketanga e-CMC. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa nezimo zokusabela zingaholela ku-CMC enokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana namasayizi amaphakathi.

Ubudlelwano Phakathi kwe-DS ne-Molecular Weight:

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwedigri ye-substitution (DS) nesisindo samangqamuzana e-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yinkimbinkimbi futhi ithonywa izici eziningi ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-CMC, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo.

1. Umthelela we-DS ku-Molecular Weight:
   • Amanani aphezulu e-DS ngokuvamile ahambisana nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphansi ze-CMC. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanani aphezulu e-DS akhombisa izinga elikhulu lokushintsha kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose, okuholela kumaketanga e-polymer amafushane kanye nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphansi ngokwesilinganiso.
   • Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl kuphazamisa ukuhlangana kwe-hydrogen ye-intermolecular phakathi kwamaketanga e-cellulose, okuholela ekwehleni kweketanga nokuhlukana phakathi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Le nqubo yokwehlisa izinga ingase iholele ekuncipheni kwesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC, ikakhulukazi emaveluni aphezulu e-DS kanye nokusabela okubanzi kakhulu.
   • Ngokuphambene, amanani aphansi e-DS ahlotshaniswa namaketanga e-polymer amade kanye nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme ngokwesilinganiso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadigri aphansi okushintsha aholela emaqenjini e-carboxymethyl ambalwa ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose, okuvumela ukuthi amasegimenti amade amaketango e-cellulose angashintshiwe ahlale eqinile.
2. Umthelela Wesisindo Semolekyuli ku-DS:
   • Isisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC singathonya izinga lokushintshwa okuzuzwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Izisindo eziphakeme zamangqamuzana e-cellulose zinganikeza amasayithi asebenzayo kakhudlwana wokusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, okuvumela izinga eliphezulu lokushintshwa elizozuzwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
   • Kodwa-ke, izisindo eziphakeme kakhulu zamangqamuzana e-cellulose zingase futhi zivimbe ukufinyeleleka kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl ukuze kushintshwe ukusabela, okuholela ku-carboxymethylation engaphelele noma engasebenzi kahle kanye namanani aphansi e-DS.
   • Ukwengeza, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana ezinto zokuqala ze-cellulose kungase kuthinte ukusatshalaliswa kwamanani e-DS emkhiqizweni owumphumela we-CMC. I-Heterogeneities esisindweni samangqamuzana ingase ibangele ukuhluka ekusebenzeni kabusha kanye nokusebenza kahle esikhundleni ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, okuholela kububanzi obubanzi bamanani e-DS kumkhiqizo wokugcina we-CMC.

Umthelela we-DS ne-Molecular Weight ku-CMC Properties kanye nezicelo:

1. Izici ze-Rheological:
   • Izinga le-substitution (DS) nesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC singathonya izici zayo ze-rheological, okuhlanganisa i-viscosity, ukuziphatha kokugunda kwe-shear, nokwakheka kwejeli.
   • Amanani aphezulu e-DS ngokuvamile abangela ama-viscosity aphansi kanye nokuziphatha kwe-pseudoplastic (shear thinning) ngenxa yamaketanga amafushane e-polymer kanye nokunciphisa ukubopha kwamangqamuzana.
   • Ngokuphambene, amanani aphansi e-DS nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme zivame ukukhulisa i-viscosity futhi zithuthukise ukuziphatha kwe-pseudoplastic kwezixazululo ze-CMC, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo zokujiya kanye nokumiswa.
2. Ukuncibilika Kwamanzi Nokuziphatha Kokuvuvukala:
   • I-CMC enamanani aphezulu e-DS ijwayele ukukhombisa ukuncibilika okukhulu kwamanzi kanye namazinga okukhipha amanzi ngokushesha ngenxa yokugcwala okuphezulu kwamaqembu e-hydrophilic carboxymethyl eduze kwamaketanga e-polymer.
   • Kodwa-ke, amanani aphezulu kakhulu e-DS angase futhi aphumele ekuncipheni kokuncibilika kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kokwakheka kwejeli, ikakhulukazi ekugxilweni okuphezulu noma lapho kukhona ama-multivalent cations.
   • Isisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC singathinta ukuziphatha kwayo kokuvuvukala kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Izisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme ngokuvamile ziholela emazingeni okuphuza amanzi ahamba kancane kanye namandla amakhulu okugcina amanzi, okungaba wusizo ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo noma ukulawula umswakama.
3. Izici Zokwenza Amafilimu Nezithiyo:
   • Amafilimu e-CMC akhiwe ngezisombululo noma ama-dispersions abonisa izakhiwo zesithiyo ngokumelene nomoya-mpilo, umswakama, namanye amagesi, okuwenza afanelekele ukupakishwa nokufaka izicelo.
   • I-DS nesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC singathonya amandla emishini, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokungeneka kwamafilimu aba umphumela. Amanani aphezulu e-DS nezisindo zamangqamuzana aphansi angase aholele kumafilimu anamandla aphansi okuqinile kanye nokungena okuphakeme ngenxa yamaketanga e-polymer amafushane kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwama-intermolecular.
4. Izicelo Ezimbonini Ezihlukahlukene:
   • I-CMC enamanani ahlukene e-DS nezisindo zamangqamuzana ithola ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukudla, ezemithi, izimonyo, izindwangu, nokumba uwoyela.
   • Embonini yokudla, i-CMC isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kanye ne-emulsifier emikhiqizweni efana namasoso, okokugqoka kanye neziphuzo. Ukukhethwa kwebanga le-CMC kuncike ekuthunjweni okufiswayo, ukuzwa komlomo, kanye nezimfuneko zokuzinza zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
   • Ekwakhekeni kwemithi, i-CMC isebenza njenge-binder, disintegrant, kanye ne-ejenti yokwakha ifilimu kumaphilisi, amaphilisi, kanye nokumiswa ngomlomo. I-DS nesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC kungaba nomthelela ku-kinetics yokukhululwa kwezidakamizwa, i-bioavailability, kanye nokuthobela isiguli.
   • Embonini yezimonyo, i-CMC isetshenziswa kokhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezinwele njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kanye ne-moisturizer. Ukukhethwa kwebanga le-CMC kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokuthungwa, ukusabalala, nezimfanelo zezinzwa.
   • Embonini yokumba uwoyela, i-CMC isetshenziselwa uketshezi lokumba njenge-viscosifier, i-ejenti yokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye ne-shale inhibitor. I-DS nesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC singathinta ukusebenza kwayo ekugcineni ukuqina kwe-wellbore, ukulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, nokuvimbela ukuvuvuka kobumba.

Isiphetho:

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwedigri ye-substitution (DS) nesisindo samangqamuzana e-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yinkimbinkimbi futhi ithonywa izici eziningi ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-CMC, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo. Amanani aphezulu e-DS ngokuvamile ahambisana nezisindo zamangqamuzana aphansi e-CMC, kuyilapho amanani aphansi e-DS nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme avame ukuphumela emaketangeni amade we-polymer kanye nezisindo zamangqamuzana eziphakeme ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo nokusebenza kwe-CMC ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini zonkana, okuhlanganisa ukudla, ezemithi, izimonyo, izindwangu, kanye nokumba uwoyela. Imizamo eyengeziwe yocwaningo nentuthuko iyadingeka ukuze kucaciswe izindlela eziyisisekelo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlanganisa nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu ze-CMC nge-DS ehambisanayo kanye nokusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.