Iyini i-titanium dioxide?

I-Titanium dioxide, inhlanganisela etholakala yonke indawo etholakala ezinkulungwaneni zemikhiqizo, ihlanganisa ukuhlonza okunezici eziningi. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana kunenganekwane yokuguquguquka, ehlanganisa izimboni kusukela kupende namapulasitiki kuya ekudleni nezimonyo. Kulokhu kuhlola okubanzi, sijula sijula ngemvelaphi, izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nomthelela we-titanium dioxide Tio2, okusikhanyisela ngokubaluleka kwayo kokubili izimo zezimboni nezansuku zonke.

$I-Titanium Dioxide yeBanga Lokudla: Izakhiwo, Izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha Isingeniso: I-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) iyiminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo esetshenziswe kabanzi njengebala elimhlophe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokufiphala kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-titanium dioxide nayo iye yangena embonini yokudla njengesengezo sokudla, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-titanium dioxide esezingeni lokudla. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izakhiwo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha, nezici zokulawula ze-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla. Izakhiwo Zebanga Lokudla Le-Titanium Dioxide: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla yabelana ngezakhiwo eziningi nozakwabo wezimboni, kodwa ngokucatshangelwa okuqondile kokuphepha kokudla. Ivamise ukuba khona ngendlela yempushana ecolekile, emhlophe futhi yaziwa ngenkomba yayo ephezulu ye-refractive, eyinikeza ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazeka okufanayo kanye nomthelela omncane ekuthungeni noma ekunambithekeni kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Ukwengeza, i-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ivamise ukuba ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuhlanza ngokuqinile ukuze kususwe ukungcola nokungcola, iqinisekise ukufaneleka kwayo ukusetshenziswa lapho kufakwa ukudla. Izindlela Zokukhiqiza: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemvelo nezokwenziwa. I-titanium dioxide yemvelo itholakala kumadiphozithi amaminerali, njenge-rutile ne-ilmenite, ngezinqubo ezifana nokukhipha nokuhlanzwa. I-synthetic titanium dioxide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqizwa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile ezibandakanya ukusabela kwe-titanium tetrachloride nomoya-mpilo noma i-sulphur dioxide emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhiqiza, izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka kanye nezokuphepha. Izicelo Embonini Yokudla: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla isebenza ngokuyinhloko njenge-ejenti emhlophe ne-opacifier emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaconfectionery, ubisi, izimpahla ezibhakwayo, nezinye izigaba zokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka nokubukeka kwezinto zokudla. Isibonelo, i-titanium dioxide yengezwa kumaswidi ukuze kutholakale imibala egqamile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi efana neyogathi no-ayisikhilimu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufiphala nokucwenga kwazo. Ezimpahleni ezibhakwayo, i-titanium dioxide isiza ukudala ukubukeka okugqamile, okufanayo emikhiqizweni efana nesithwathwa nezixube zamakhekhe. Isimo Sokulawula Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha: Ukuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla kuyindaba yenkulumompikiswano eqhubekayo kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawula. Ama-ejensi alawulayo emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa iFood and Drug Administration (FDA) e-United States kanye ne-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) eYurophu, ahlole ukuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide njengesithako sokudla. Nakuba i-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile ibonwa njengephephile (i-GRAS) uma isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile, kuphakanyiswe ukukhathazeka mayelana nezingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi kufomu le-nanoparticle. Imiphumela Yezempilo Engaba Khona: Ucwaningo luye lwasikisela ukuthi i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, engaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-100 ngosayizi, ingase ibe namandla okungena emigoqweni yezinto eziphilayo futhi inqwabelane ezicutshini, iphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo. Ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonise ukuthi imithamo ephezulu ye-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi esibindini, ezinso, nakwezinye izitho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ingase ibangele ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana, okungase kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezingapheli. Amasu Okunciphisa Nezinye izindlela: Ukuze kubhekwane nokukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla, imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuthuthukisa ezinye izinto ezibenza babe mhlophe nama-opacifiers angazuza imiphumela efanayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezingaba khona zezempilo. Abanye abakhiqizi bahlola ezinye izindlela zemvelo, njenge-calcium carbonate nesitashi serayisi, njengokuthatha indawo ye-titanium dioxide ezinhlelweni ezithile zokudla. Ukwengeza, intuthuko ku-nanotechnology kanye nobunjiniyela bezinhlayiyana ingase inikeze amathuba okunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene ne-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlayiyana okuthuthukisiwe nokuguqulwa kwendawo. Ukuqwashisa Umthengi Nokulebula: Ukulebula okusobala kanye nokufundisa abathengi kubalulekile ekwaziseni abathengi mayelana nokuba khona kwezithasiselo zokudla njenge-titanium dioxide emikhiqizweni yokudla. Ukulebula okucacile nokunembile kungasiza abathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bagweme imikhiqizo equkethe izithasiselo abangase babe nezinto ezizwelayo noma ezibakhathazayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngezithasiselo zokudla kanye nemithelela yazo yezempilo engaba khona kunganika amandla abathengi ukuthi bamele uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla oluphephile futhi olusobala. I-Outlook yesikhathi esizayo kanye Neziqondiso Zocwaningo: Ikusasa le-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla lincike emizamweni yocwaningo eqhubekayo yokuqonda kangcono iphrofayili yayo yokuphepha kanye nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona. Intuthuko eqhubekayo ku-nanotoxicology, ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka, nokuhlola ubungozi kuzobaluleka ekwaziseni ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ezilawulayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-titanium dioxide ekufakweni kokudla. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwama-ejenti amhlophe amhlophe kanye nama-opacifiers anesithembiso sokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwabathengi kanye nokushayela okusha embonini yokudla. Isiphetho: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokudla njenge-ejenti emhlophe ne-opacifier, ithuthukisa ukubukeka nokuthungwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo, ikakhulukazi kufomu le-nanoparticle, kubangele ukucutshungulwa kokulawula kanye nemizamo yocwaningo eqhubekayo. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla, kubalulekile ukubeka eqhulwini ukuphepha kwabathengi, ukungafihli lutho, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kokudla.$

Umsuka kanye Nokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

I-Titanium dioxide, echazwa ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-TiO2, iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic ehlanganisa i-titanium nama-athomu omoya-mpilo. Itholakala ezinhlotsheni zamaminerali eziningana ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, ezivame kakhulu i-rutile, i-anatase, ne-brookite. Lezi zimbiwa zimbiwa ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezitholakala emazweni afana ne-Australia, iNingizimu Afrika, iCanada, neChina. I-Titanium dioxide ingabuye ikhiqizwe ngokwenziwa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa inqubo ye-sulfate kanye nenqubo ye-chloride, ehlanganisa ukusabela kwe-titanium ores nge-sulfuric acid noma i-chlorine, ngokulandelanayo.

Isakhiwo Sekristalu Nezakhiwo

Ezingeni le-athomu, i-titanium dioxide yamukela ukwakheka kwekristalu, ne-athomu ngayinye ye-titanium ezungezwe ama-athomu omoya-mpilo ayisithupha ekuhlelweni kwe-octahedral. Le lattice ye-crystal idlulisela izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba namakhemikhali ku-compound. I-Titanium dioxide idume ngokugqama kwayo okukhethekile nokungafihli kahle, okuyenza ibe nemibala emhlophe efanelekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Inkomba yayo ye-refractive, isilinganiso sokuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okugobile lapho udlula entweni, iphakathi kwenani eliphakeme kunanoma iyiphi into eyaziwayo, enikela ezimfanelweni zayo ezikhanyayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-titanium dioxide ibonisa ukuzinza okuphawulekayo nokumelana nokucekelwa phansi, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Lesi sibaluli siyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezifana nama-architectural coatings kanye nokuqedwa kwezimoto, lapho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwengeza, i-titanium dioxide inezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela i-UV, okuyenza ibe isithako esivamile kumakhilogremu elanga nezinye izinto ezivikelayo.

Izicelo Embonini

Ukuguquguquka kwe-titanium dioxide kubonakala kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, lapho kusebenza khona njengesithako esiyisisekelo emikhiqizweni eminingi. Emkhakheni kapende nama-coatings, i-titanium dioxide isebenza njengesithako sombala esiyinhloko, idlulisela ubumhlophe, ukungafihli, nokuqina kopende bezakhiwo, amapende wezimoto, namapende ezimboni. Ikhono layo lokuhlakaza ukukhanya liqinisekisa ngempumelelo imibala egqamile kanye nokuvikela okuhlala isikhathi eside esimweni sezulu kanye nokugqwala.

Embonini yepulasitiki, i-titanium dioxide isebenza njengesengezo esibalulekile sokuthola imibala oyifunayo, ukungafihli, nokumelana kwe-UV ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-polymer. Ngokuhlakaza izinhlayiya ezicolekile ze-titanium dioxide ngaphakathi kukamatikuletsheni wepulasitiki, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kusukela ezintweni zokupakisha nezimpahla zabathengi kuya ezintweni zezimoto nezinto zokwakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-titanium dioxide isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yephepha nokunyathelisa, lapho ithuthukisa khona ukugqama, ukukhanya, nokuphrinta kwemikhiqizo yephepha. Ukufakwa kwayo koyinki bokuphrinta kuqinisekisa izithombe ezicacile, ezicacile kanye nombhalo, okunomthelela ekukhangekeni komagazini, amaphephandaba, ukupakisha, nezinto zokukhangisa.

Izicelo Emikhiqizweni Yansuku zonke

Ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zezimboni, i-titanium dioxide igcwele indwangu yempilo yansuku zonke, ivela ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yabathengi nezinto zokunakekela komuntu siqu. Kwezimonyo, i-titanium dioxide isebenza njengesithako esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi kumafawundeshini, izimpushana, izindebe zomlomo, nezikhilimu zelanga, lapho inikeza khona ukumboza, ukulungisa umbala, nokuvikela i-UV ngaphandle kokuvala izimbotshana noma ukubangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba. Ubunjalo bayo obungangeni kanye namandla okuvimbela i-UV-spectrum ebanzi ayenza ingxenye ebalulekile yamakhilogremu elanga, enikeza ukuzivikela okusebenzayo emisebeni eyingozi ye-UVA ne-UVB.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-titanium dioxide idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo njenge-ejenti emhlophe ne-opacifier. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokudla enjengamaswidi, i-confectionery, imikhiqizo yobisi, namasoso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungaguquguquki kombala, ukuthungwa, nokufiphala. Kwezemithi, i-titanium dioxide isebenza njengesembozo samaphilisi namaphilisi, yenza kube lula ukugwinya kanye nokufihla ukunambitheka okungajabulisi noma iphunga.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo kanye Nezempilo

Nakuba i-titanium dioxide idume ngezinzuzo zayo eziningi, kuye kwavela ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wayo emvelweni kanye nezingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona. Ngendlela yayo ye-nanoparticulate, i-titanium dioxide ibonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile ezihlukile kulezo zozakwabo ngobuningi. Izinhlayiya ze-Nanoscale titanium dioxide zinendawo engaphezulu ekhulayo kanye nokusebenza kabusha, okungase kuthuthukise ukusebenzisana kwazo kwemvelo nemvelo.

Ucwaningo luphakamise imibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona yokuhogela i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zomsebenzi ezifana nezindawo zokukhiqiza nezindawo zokwakha. Nakuba i-titanium dioxide ihlukaniswa ngokuthi Iqashelwa Ngokujwayelekile Njengephephile (i-GRAS) yizikhungo ezilawulayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekudleni nasezinhlelweni, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lufuna ukucacisa noma yimiphi imithelela yezempilo yesikhathi eside engaba khona ehlobene nokuchayeka okungapheli.

Ukwengeza, isiphetho semvelo se-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphila emanzini, kuyisihloko sophenyo lwesayensi. Kuphakanyiswe ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqongelela kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nobuthi obungaba khona be-nanoparticles ezintweni eziphila emanzini, kanye nomthelela wazo ku-ecosystem dynamics kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.

Uhlaka Lokulawula kanye Namazinga Okuphepha

Ukuze kubhekwane nesimo esiguqukayo se-nanotechnology nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-titanium dioxide namanye ama-nanomaterials, ama-ejensi alawulayo emhlabeni wonke asebenzise imihlahlandlela namazinga okuphepha. Le mithetho ihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukulebula komkhiqizo, ukuhlola ubungozi, imikhawulo yokuchayeka emsebenzini, nokuqapha indawo ezungezile.

E-European Union, i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles esetshenziswa kuzimonyo kufanele ibhalwe kanjalo futhi ihambisane nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha ezishiwo ku-Cosmetics Regulation. Ngokufanayo, i-United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ilawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide emikhiqizweni yokudla nezimonyo, ngokugcizelela ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuba sobala kubathengi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e-United States kanye ne-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) e-EU zihlola ubungozi bemvelo obubangelwa i-titanium dioxide namanye ama-nanomaterials. Ngokuhlola okuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ubungozi, lezi zikhungo zilwela ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ngenkathi zigqugquzela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Imibono Nezinto Ezintsha Ezizayo

Njengoba ukuqonda kwesayensi kwama-nanomaterials kuqhubeka nokuvela, imizamo yocwaningo eqhubekayo ifuna ukuvula amandla aphelele e-titanium dioxide kuyilapho ibhekana nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nokuphepha nokusimama. Izindlela ezintsha ezinjengokuguqulwa kwendawo, ukuxutshwa nezinye izinto, kanye namasu okuhlanganiswa okulawulwayo kunikeza izindlela ezithembisayo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-titanium dioxide.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ku-nanotechnology inamandla okuguqula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yesizukulwane esilandelayo enezakhiwo eziklanyelwe kanye nokusebenza. Kusukela ku-eco-friendly coatings kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthuthukisiwe kuya ezixazululweni zamandla avuselelekayo kanye namasu okulungisa ukungcola, i-titanium dioxide ikulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezimboni ezihlukahlukene kanye nemizamo yokusimama komhlaba wonke.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, i-titanium dioxide ivela njengengxube etholakala yonke indawo nebalulekile egcwele cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwesimanje. Kusukela kumsuka wayo njengemaminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezinkulungwane zemboni, ezentengiselwano, nemikhiqizo yansuku zonke, i-titanium dioxide ihlanganisa ifa lokuguquguquka, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nomthelela woguquko.

Nakuba izakhiwo zayo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ziye zabhebhethekisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe futhi zacebisa nemikhiqizo eminingi, imizamo eqhubekayo iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho nokuqhubekayo kwe-titanium dioxide lapho kubhekwa ukuvela kwemvelo nempilo. Ngocwaningo oluhlanganyelwe, ukugada kwemithetho, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ababambiqhaza bangazulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yama-nanomaterials futhi basebenzise amandla aphelele e-titanium dioxide kuyilapho bevikela impilo yabantu nendawo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2024