Ama-admixtures okunciphisa amanzi (i-WRA) kanye nama-superplasticizers yizingxube zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziselwa izingxube zekhonkrithi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwawo nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla omkhiqizo wokugcina. Kule ncazelo enemininingwane, sizobheka kabanzi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezithasiselo, sihlole izithako zazo, izindlela zokwenza, izinzuzo, kanye nokusetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha.
A.1. I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi (WRA):
Ingxube yokunciphisa amanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasticizer noma i-admixture yokunciphisa amanzi, ingxube yamakhemikhali eklanyelwe ukunciphisa inani lamanzi adingekayo kwingxube kakhonkolo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izici zayo. Lawa ma-ejenti ikakhulukazi asebenza njengama-dispersants, enza kube lula ukusakazeka kwezinhlayiya zikasimende futhi akhuthaze ukugeleza kwamanzi okungcono. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-WRA ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kukakhonkolo ngokunciphisa isilinganiso samanzi-samente, okungaholela ezinzuzweni ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokwakha.
2. Imisebenzi:
Ama-WRA ngokuvamile ama-organic compounds afana ne-lignosulfonates, i-sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF), i-sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF), ne-polycarboxylate ethers (PCE).
I-Lignosulfonates itholakala ku-pulp yezinkuni futhi ingenye yezinhlobo zakuqala zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi.
I-SMF ne-SNF ama-polymer okwenziwa asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini.
I-PCE iyi-WRA yesimanje eyaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu nokuguquguquka.
3. Indlela yokwenza:
Lo mshini ubandakanya ukufakwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende, okwenza lezi zinhlayiya zihlakazeke.
Lokhu kuhlakazeka kunciphisa amandla ezinhlayiyana, okuholela ekubeni ngcono kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwengxube kakhonkolo.
4.Izinzuzo:
Ithuthukisa ukusebenza: I-WRA ithuthukisa ukugeleza nokumpompa kukakhonkolo, ikwenze kube lula ukubeka nokuqeda.
Yehlisa Okuqukethwe Komswakama: Ngokunciphisa isilinganiso sikasimende wamanzi, i-WRA isiza ukukhulisa amandla nokuqina kukakhonkolo oqinile.
Ukubumbana Okungcono: Umphumela wokuhlakazeka we-WRA uthuthukisa i-homogeneity yengxube, ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ukubumbana nokunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa.
5.Uhlelo lokusebenza:
I-WRA ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokwakha ukhonkolo okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo kanye nemiklamo yengqalasizinda.
Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi kubaluleke kakhulu.
B.1. I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu:
Ama-Superplasticizers, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-superplasticizers, amelela isigaba esithuthuke kakhulu nesisebenza kahle ngaphakathi kwesigaba esibanzi sama-superplasticizers. Lezi zengezo zinikeza amandla aphakeme okunciphisa amanzi ngenkathi kugcinwa noma kuthuthukiswa ezinye izici ezifiselekayo zikakhonkolo.
2. Imisebenzi:
Ama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi asebenza kahle kakhulu ahlanganisa i-polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-polynaphthalene sulfonate eguquliwe.
I-PCE yaziwa ngomklamo wayo wamangqamuzana ovumela ukulawula okunembile kokuhlakazeka nokunciphisa amanzi.
3. Indlela yokwenza:
Ngokufanayo nama-superplasticizers endabuko, ama-superplasticizer asebenza ngokukhangisa ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende futhi abangele ukuhlakazeka.
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-PCE sivumela ukulawula okukhulu nokuguquguquka ekufezeni izici zokusebenza ozifunayo.
4.Izinzuzo:
Ukuncishiswa Kwamanzi Okuphakeme: Ama-WRA asebenza kahle kakhulu anganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamanzi, ngokuvamile adlule amandla ama-WRA avamile.
Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe: Lawa ma-ejenti anezindawo zokugeleza ezinhle kakhulu futhi afanele ukusetshenziswa kukhonkolo ozihlanganisayo kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukugcinwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuwohloka: Amanye ama-WRA asebenza kahle kakhulu anganweba ukugcinwa kokuwohloka, ngaleyo ndlela andise isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthikameze ukusebenza okuphathekayo.
5.Uhlelo lokusebenza:
Ama-Superplasticizers angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukhonkolo oqinile, ukhonkolo ozihlanganisayo, namaphrojekthi anezidingo eziqinile zokuqina.
C. Umehluko omkhulu:
1. Ukusebenza kahle:
Umehluko omkhulu ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa amanzi. Ama-regenerator amanzi asebenza kahle kakhulu anganciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngokuphawulekayo kunama-generator amanzi avamile.
2. Idizayini yamangqamuzana:
Ama-WRA asebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-PCE, anemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yamangqamuzana evumela ukulawula okunembile kwemiphumela yokuhlakazeka.
3. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kokuwohloka:
I-WRA esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuvamile ikwazi ukusebenza kangcono kanye nekhono lokugcina ukuwohloka, okuyenza ifanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathekayo.
4. Izindleko:
I-WRA esebenza kahle kakhulu ingase ibize kakhulu kune-WRA evamile, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo okuphakeme kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumaphrojekthi athile adinga ukusebenza okuthuthukile.
Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi kanye nama-superplasticizers zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni izilinganiso zengxube kakhonkolo. Nakuba ama-WRA avamile esetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi, ama-WRA asebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-PCE, amelela isisombululo esithuthuke kakhulu esinikeza amandla aphakeme okunciphisa amanzi kanye nezici zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi yokwakha kanye nebhalansi oyifunayo phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-25-2024