Ukhonkolo Usetshenziselwa Yini?

Ukhonkolo ungenye yezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, zenani elikhulu ngamandla, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Izicelo zayo zidlulela emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo, izimboni, kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda. Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo:

1. Izakhiwo Nezakhiwo: Ukhonkolo usebenza njengesisekelo, uhlaka, kanye nokumbozwa kwangaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo nezakhiwo, okuhlanganisa:
   • Izakhiwo zokuhlala: Izindlu, amafulethi, amakhondomu.
   • Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: Amahhovisi, izitolo, izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela.
   • Izakhiwo zezimboni: Izimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izindawo zokugcina.
   • Izakhiwo zezikhungo: Izikole, izibhedlela, izakhiwo zikahulumeni.
   • Izindawo zokungcebeleka: Izinkundla zemidlalo, izinkundla, amachibi okubhukuda.
2. Ingqalasizinda: Ukhonkolo ubalulekile ekwakheni amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda ehlukene asekela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nezinga lempilo, okuhlanganisa:
   • Imigwaqo nothelawayeka: Ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukugandayela imigwaqo, imigwaqo emikhulu namabhuloho ngenxa yokuqina kwawo, amandla okuthwala umthwalo, nokungagugi.
   • Amabhuloho namathaneli: Ukhonkolo uhlinzeka ngosekelo lwesakhiwo nokuzinza okudingekayo kumabhuloho, amahubhu, ama-overpasses, nama-viaducts.
   • Amadamu namadamu: Amadamu kakhonkolo namadamu akhiwe ukuze alawule ukugeleza kwamanzi, akhiqize ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, futhi ahlinzeke ngamanzi okunisela, okuphuza, nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
   • Amachweba namachweba: Ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukwakha izikhumulo zemikhumbi, izinsika, izindonga zama-quay, nezindawo ezinqamula amanzi ukuze kube lula izinto zokuhamba zasolwandle nemisebenzi yemikhumbi.
   • Izikhumulo zezindiza: Izindlela zezindiza ezinokhonkolo, imigwaqo yamatekisi, namaphinifa kubalulekile ukuze izikhumulo zezindiza zikwazi ukuthwala ukusuka kwendiza, ukuhlala, nokusebenza phansi.
3. Ezokuthutha: Ukhonkolo udlala indima ebalulekile kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yezokuthutha ehlukene, okuhlanganisa:
   • Izinhlelo zokuthutha abantu abaningi: Ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukwakha amathanela angaphansi komhlaba, izinkundla zesitimela, neziteshi zezokuthutha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ukuze kusekelwe izinhlelo zokuhamba zomphakathi.
   • Izakhiwo zokupaka: Ukhonkolo uhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile nesizinzile samagaraji okupaka amazinga amaningi kanye nezindawo zokupaka ezindaweni zentengiso nezindawo zokuhlala.
   • Izindlela zabahamba ngezinyawo: Imigwaqo eseceleni, izindlela zezinyawo, namabhuloho abahamba ngezinyawo akhiwa kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo ephephile futhi efinyeleleka kalula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha.
4. Izinsiza Zamanzi Namanzi Angcolile: Ukhonkolo usetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi kanye namanzi angcolile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamanzi, okuhlanganisa:
   • Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi: Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo zakhiwe ukuze zigcine izinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi, ezifana nokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, ukuhluzwa, ukukhipha amagciwane, nokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali, ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi ahlanzekile naphuzwayo azosetshenziswa umasipala nezimboni.
   • Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile: Amathangi kakhonkolo, izitsha zokugezela, namashaneli asetshenziselwa izinqubo zokwelashwa eziyinhloko, ezesibili, neziphakeme ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola nokungcola emanzini angcolile ngaphambi kokuchithwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
5. I-Landscaping kanye ne-Hardscaping: Ukhonkolo usetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi we-landscaping kanye ne-hardscaping ukudala izindawo zangaphandle, izici, nezinsiza, ezihlanganisa:
   • Ama-Patio namathala: Ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala zangaphandle, amadekhi enkundla, nezingadi eziwugwadule zezindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo.
   • Izindonga ezibambile kanye nezithiyo: Izindonga ezibambayo zikakhonkolo, imingcele yomsindo, nezindonga zezikhukhula zinikeza ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo kumaphrojekthi wokuhlelwa kwezwe kanye nengqalasizinda.
   • Izinto zokuhlobisa: Ukhonkolo ogxiviziwe, ukuhlanganisa obala, nokhonkolo onemibala yizinketho ezidumile zokwengeza ukukhanga kobuhle nokuthungwa ezindaweni ezingaphandle, njengezindlela zokuhamba, ama-driveways, nama-pool decks.

ikhonkrithi iyimpahla yokwakha eyisisekelo esekela ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi yesimanje, esekela inhlobonhlobo yezicelo kuyo yonke imikhakha nezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqina, nokuthembeka kwayo kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda, izakhiwo, izinhlelo zokuthutha kanye nezinsiza zemvelo emhlabeni wonke.