Emkhakheni wezinto zokunamathisela ezimbonini, ukufuna izinto ezihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihloliwe, ama-starch ethers avele njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zokunamathela. Ama-ethers esitashi, asuselwa kusitashi semvelo, ashintshwa amakhemikhali ukuze athuthukise izakhiwo zawo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali, okuwenza afanelekele kakhulu uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.
Ukuqonda Isitashi Ethers
Isitashi, i-polysaccharide eyakhiwe amayunithi e-glucose, iwumthombo ovuselelekayo futhi obolayo osetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, isitashi somdabu sinemikhawulo ethile, njengokuzwela kumswakama, ukuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini abandayo, kanye nokuthambekela kokuhlehlisa kabusha (i-recrystallize), okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwaso ezintweni ezinamathelayo. Ukuze kunqotshwe lezi zihibe, isitashi sishintshwa amakhemikhali ukuze sikhiqize ama-estarch ether.
Ama-ether esitashi akhiwa ngokwethula amaqembu e-ether (amaqembu e-alkyl noma e-hydroxyalkyl) ku-molecule yesitashi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuthuthukisa ukuncibilika, ukuzinza, kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu yesitashi, kuyenze ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kuma-adhesive. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-starch ethers zifaka i-hydroxyethyl isitashi (HES), i-hydroxypropyl starch (HPS), kanye ne-carboxymethyl isitashi (CMS).
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Starch Ethers
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-starch ethers kuhilela uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho isitashi somdabu siphathwa ngama-etherifying agents. Isibonelo, isitashi se-hydroxypropyl sikhiqizwa ngokuphendula isitashi nge-propylene oxide, kuyilapho isitashi se-carboxymethyl sihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa i-monochloroacetic acid. I-degree of substitution (DS), ekhombisa isilinganiso senani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl ku-molecule yesitashi esithathelwe indawo amaqembu e-ether, idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izici ze-ether yesitashi ewumphumela.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo Ezinamathelayo
Isitashi ethers siletha izithuthukisi ezimbalwa ezindaweni zokunamathela zemikhiqizo yezimboni:
I-Solubility Engeziwe Nokulawulwa Kwe-Viscosity: Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-ether kuthuthukisa ukuncibilika kwamanzi kwama-starch ether, okuwavumela ukuba ancibilike emanzini abandayo nashisayo. Lesi sakhiwo sibalulekile kuma-adhesives njengoba siqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanayo nokuvumelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-viscosity yezixazululo ze-starch ether ingalawulwa ngokulungisa izinga lokushintshwa, okuvumela ukwakheka kwe-adhesives ngezakhiwo ezithile ze-rheological.
Ukunamathela Okuthuthukisiwe Nokubumbana: Ama-starch ether abonisa ukunamathela okungcono ezinhlobonhlobo zama-substrates, okuhlanganisa iphepha, ukhuni, izindwangu, namapulasitiki. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kokuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule esitashi ashintshiwe kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi. Ukwengeza, amandla okubumbana kwefilimu yokunamathisela athuthukiswa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-polymer efanayo futhi eguquguqukayo.
Ukuzinza Okuthuthukisiwe Nokumelana: Izinamathiselo ezenziwe nge-starch ethers zibonisa ukuzinza okuthuthukisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene. Zibonisa ukumelana nomswakama, okuyinzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwezinamatheliso zesitashi zomdabu ezivame ukuba buthaka ezimeni ezinomswakama. Lokhu kwenza izinamatheliso ezinesitashi ether zilungele ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuchayeka kumswakama kuwukukhathazeka.
Ukubola nokusimama: Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-starch ether ukubola kwawo. Ngokungafani nezinamatheliso zokwenziwa ezithathwe kumakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, izinamatheliso ezisekelwe isitashi ether zinobungani bemvelo futhi zibola ngokwemvelo, zinciphisa umkhondo wemvelo. Lokhu kuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezinamathelayo neziluhlaza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Izicelo zezimboni
Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zama-starch ethers ziholele ekwamukelweni kwazo kabanzi ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene:
Imboni Yamaphepha Neyokupakisha: Izinamatheliso ezinesitashi ether zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamaphepha neyokupakisha ngenxa yamandla azo okuhlanganisa aqinile kanye nokubola kwemvelo. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi likathayela, i-paper lamination, futhi njenge-ejenti ebophayo emikhiqizweni yephepha.
Ukwenza Ngokhuni Nefenisha: Embonini yokwenza izinkuni kanye nefenisha, izinamathiselo ze-starch ether zinikeza izibopho eziqinile neziqinile. Ukumelana kwawo nomswakama okuthuthukisiwe kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye zokhuni ezingase zichayeke kumazinga womswakamo ahlukahlukene.
Izindwangu: Ama-ether esitashi asetshenziswa embonini yendwangu ukukala nokuqedela izinhlelo zokusebenza. Izakhiwo zokunamathela ezithuthukisiwe ziqinisekisa ukuthi imicu iboshelwe kahle, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuqina kwemikhiqizo yokugcina yendwangu.
Ukwakhiwa: Emkhakheni wokwakha, izinto zokunamathisela ezisekelwe kwisitashi ether zisetshenziselwa ukumboza udonga, ukubeka phansi, futhi njengezithasiselo kusimende nokhonkolo. Ikhono labo lokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokunamathisela zezinto zokwakha kunomthelela ekuthembekeni kwesakhiwo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezakhiwo.
Imboni Yokudla: Ama-ether esitashi ashintshiwe nawo asetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengezibophezelo kanye nama-ejenti aqina emikhiqizweni efana nama-coatings, ama-flavour encapsulated, nezinamathelisi ezidliwayo. Ukuphepha kwazo kanye nokubola kwazo kuzenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlobene nokudla.
Amathemba Nezinselele Zesikhathi esizayo
Ikusasa le-starch ethers ezintweni ezinamathelayo zezimboni libukeka lithembisa, liqhutshwa isidingo esiqhubekayo sezinto ezisimeme kanye nentuthuko kumasu okuguqula amakhemikhali. Ucwaningo lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezintsha zama-ethers esitashi anezici ezifanelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa zihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuguqula, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo.
Nokho, kunezinselele okufanele kubhekwane nazo. Ukusebenza kwe-starch ether-based adhesives kungathonywa umthombo kanye nekhwalithi yesitashi somdabu, esihluka ngezimo zezolimo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engaguquki nokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina kudinga ukulawula okuqinile phezu kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, nakuba ama-starch ether ekwazi ukubola, umthelela ophelele wemvelo wokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwawo kufanele uhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlala eyindlela esimeme ngempela.
Ama-ether esitashi aguqule umkhakha wokunamathela ezimbonini ngokunikeza inhlanganisela yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nezinzuzo zemvelo. Ukuncibilika kwazo okuthuthukisiwe, ukunamathela, ukuzinza, kanye nokubola kwazo kuzenza zibe enye indlela ekhangayo kunezinto ezinamathelayo zokwenziwa zendabuko. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukusimama, indima ye-starch ethers ekufakweni kwe-adhesive isethelwe ukukhula, iqhutshwa ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Inselele isekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwazo ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo kuyilapho kuncishiswa noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingaba khona, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-starch ether ahlala eyitshe legumbi lezixazululo zokunamathela ezivumelana nemvelo esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-04-2024