I-Degree of Substitution Determination Method ye-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Ukunquma izinga lokushintshwa (i-DS) le-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kubalulekile ekulawuleni ikhwalithi nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezakhiwo nokusebenza kwayo. Izindlela ezimbalwa zingasetshenziswa ukunquma i-DS ye-CMC, ngamasu e-titration kanye ne-spectroscopic asetshenziswa kakhulu. Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yendlela ye-titration yokunquma i-DS ye-sodium CMC:

1. Isimiso:

• Indlela ye-titration incike ekuphenduleni phakathi kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ku-CMC kanye nesisombululo esijwayelekile sesisekelo esiqinile, ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.
• Amaqembu e-Carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) ku-CMC asabela nge-NaOH ukuze akhe i-sodium carboxylate (-CH2-COONA) namanzi. Izinga lalokhu kusabela lilingana nenani lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl akhona ku-molecule ye-CMC.

2. Ama-reagents nezisetshenziswa:

• Isixazululo esijwayelekile se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) sokugxila okwaziwayo.
• Isampula ye-CMC.
• Inkomba ye-Acid-base (isb, i-phenolphthalein).
• Burette.
• I-conical flask.
• Amanzi acwecwe.
• I-stirrer noma i-stirrer magnetic.
• Ibhalansi yokuhlaziya.
• imitha ye-pH noma iphepha lenkomba.

3. Inqubo:

1. Ukulungiselela Isampula:
   • Kala inani elithile lesampula ye-CMC ngokunembile usebenzisa ibhalansi yokuhlaziya.
   • Chaza isampula ye-CMC kumthamo owaziwayo wamanzi acwecwe ukuze ulungise isisombululo sokugxilisa ingqondo okwaziwayo. Qinisekisa ukuxuba okuphelele ukuze uthole isixazululo se-homogeneous.
2. I-Titration:
   • I-Pipette ivolumu elinganisiwe yesisombululo se-CMC ibe yiflaski eyikholi.
   • Engeza amaconsi ambalwa e-acid-base indicator (isb., phenolphthalein) eflaskini. Inkomba kufanele ishintshe umbala ekugcineni kwe-titration, ngokuvamile ezungeze i-pH 8.3-10.
   • Titrate isixazululo se-CMC ngesisombululo esijwayelekile se-NaOH esivela ku-burette ngokunyakazisa njalo. Rekhoda ivolumu yesisombululo se-NaOH esingeziwe.
   • Qhubeka ne-titration kuze kufinyelelwe ekugcineni, okuboniswa ukushintsha kombala okuqhubekayo kwenkomba.
3. Ukubala:
   • Bala i-DS ye-CMC usebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
   $��=�\times �\times �NaOH�CMC$

   DS=mCMCV×N×MNaOH

   Kuphi:

   • $��$

     DS = Iziqu Zokuthatha Indawo.

   • $�$

     V = Umthamo wesisombululo se-NaOH esisetshenzisiwe (ngamalitha).

   • $�$

     N = Okujwayelekile kwesixazululo se-NaOH.

   • $�NaOH$

     MNaOH = Isisindo se-Molecular NaOH (g/mol).

   • $�CMC$

     mCMC = Inqwaba yesampula ye-CMC esetshenzisiwe (ngamagremu).

4. Ukutolika:
   • I-DS ebaliwe imele inani elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ku-molecule ye-CMC.
   • Phinda ukuhlaziya izikhathi eziningi futhi ubale i-DS emaphakathi ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela.

4. Okucatshangwayo:

• Qinisekisa ukulinganiswa okufanele kwemishini kanye nokumiswa kwama-reagents ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile.
• Phatha isisombululo se-NaOH ngokucophelela njengoba sidala futhi singabangela ukusha.
• Yenza i-titration ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze unciphise amaphutha nokuhlukahluka.
• Qinisekisa indlela usebenzisa izilinganiso zereferensi noma ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo nezinye izindlela eziqinisekisiwe.

Ngokulandela le ndlela ye-titration, izinga lokushintshwa kwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) linganqunywa ngokunembile, linikeze ulwazi olubalulekile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nezinjongo zokwakheka ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.