Ukwenziwa kanye nezakhiwo ze-Water-soluble cellulose ether superplasticizer

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cotton cellulose yalungiselelwa ukulinganisa i-Ling-off degree of polymerization futhi yaphendulwa nge-sodium hydroxide, 1,4 monobutylsulfonolate (1,4, butanesultone). I-sulfobutylated cellulose ether (SBC) ene-solubility enhle yamanzi yatholwa. Imiphumela yezinga lokushisa lokusabela, isikhathi sokusabela kanye nesilinganiso sempahla eluhlaza ku-butyl sulfonate cellulose ether yafundwa. Izimo zokusabela ezilungile zatholwa, futhi ukwakheka komkhiqizo kwaphawulwa yi-FTIR. Ngokutadisha umphumela we-SBC ezimpahleni zokunamathisela usimende nodaka, kutholakala ukuthi umkhiqizo unomphumela ofanayo wokunciphisa amanzi ku-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi yochungechunge lwe-naphthalene, futhi ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono kunochungechunge lwe-naphthalene.i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi. I-SBC enesici esihlukile se-viscosity kanye nokuqukethwe kwesibabule inezinga elihlukile lokuhlehlisa impahla yokunamathisela usimende. Ngakho-ke, i-SBC kulindeleke ukuthi ibe i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ebambezelekayo, ibambezele i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu, ngisho ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Izakhiwo zayo zinqunywa ngokuyinhloko isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana.

Amagama angukhiye:i-cellulose; I-Equilibrium degree ye-polymerization; I-butyl sulfonate cellulose ether; I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi

Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokhonkolo osebenza kakhulu kuhlobene kakhulu nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-ejenti ekhonkolo yokunciphisa amanzi. Kungenxa yokubukeka kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ukuthi ukhonkolo ungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle ngisho namandla aphezulu. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi aphumelela kakhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi: i-naphthalene series water rencicing agent (SNF), sulfonated amine resin series water reduce agent (SMF), amino sulfonate series water reduce agent (ASP), modified lignosulfonate uchungechunge lwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi (ML), kanye ne-polycarboxylic acid ewuchungechunge lokunciphisa amanzi (i-PC), esebenza kakhulu ocwaningweni lwamanje. I-Polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer inezinzuzo zokulahlekelwa isikhathi esincane, umthamo ophansi kanye noketshezi oluphezulu lukakhonkolo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu, kunzima ukumemezela eChina. Ngakho-ke, i-naphthalene superplasticizer iseyisicelo esiyinhloko eChina. Iningi lama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi ajiyayo asebenzisa i-formaldehyde nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinesisindo esilinganiselwe samangqamuzana, ezingase zilimaze indawo ezungezile ekuhlanganiseni nasekusebenziseni inqubo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxube zekhonkrithi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kubhekene nokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, ukukhuphuka kwentengo nezinye izinkinga. Indlela yokusebenzisa izinsiza ezishibhile nezichichimayo ezivuselelekayo zemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixube ezintsha zikakhonkolo ezisebenza kahle zizoba yisihloko esibalulekile socwaningo lwezixube ezikhonkolo. Isitashi kanye ne-cellulose yibo abameleli abakhulu balolu hlobo lwezinsiza. Ngenxa yomthombo wabo obanzi wezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezivuselelekayo, kulula ukusabela ngazo kwamanye ama-reagents, okuphuma kuzo kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwesitashi esine-sulfonated njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi selwenze inqubekelaphambili ethile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lokuphuma kwe-cellulose encibilika emanzini njengama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi nalo ludonse ukunaka kwabantu. U-Liu Weizhe et al. wasebenzisa i-cotton wool fiber njengempahla eluhlaza ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-cellulose sulfate enesisindo samangqamuzana ahlukene kanye nezinga lokushintsha. Uma izinga layo lokushintsha likububanzi obuthile, lingathuthukisa ukugeleza kodaka lukasimende namandla omzimba wokuhlanganisa usimende. Ilungelo lobunikazi lithi okunye okuphuma ku-polysaccharide ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukwethula amaqembu aqinile e-hydrophilic, kungatholwa kusimende ngokuhlakazwa kahle kokuphuma kwe-polysaccharide encibilika emanzini, njenge-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl sulfonate cellulose nokunye. Nokho, uKnaus et al. ithole ukuthi i-CMHEC ibonakala ingakulungele ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ekhonkolo. Kuphela lapho iqembu le-sulfonic acid lingeniswa kuma-molecule e-CMC ne-CMHEC, futhi isisindo salo samangqamuzana esihlobene si-1.0 × 105 ~ 1.5 × 105 g/mol, singase sibe nomsebenzi we-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ekhonkolo. Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi ezinye izinto eziphuma ku-cellulose ezincibilika emanzini zifanelekile yini ukusetshenziswa njengama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphuma kwe-cellulose encibilika emanzini, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo olujulile noluhlelekile mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kanye ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo emisha ye-cellulose.

Kuleli phepha, i-cotton cellulose isetshenziswe njengesiqalo sokulungiselela i-polymerization degree cellulose, bese ngokusebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide alkalization, khetha izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusabela, isikhathi sokuphendula kanye ne-1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone reaction, ukwethulwa kweqembu le-sulfonic acid ku-cellulose. ama-molecule, ukuhlaziya kwesakhiwo se-butyl sulfonic acid cellulose ether (SBC) encibilikayo emanzini kanye nokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa. Kwaxoxiswana ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi.

1. Isivivinyo

1.1 Impahla kanye namathuluzi

Ukotini ongenayo; I-sodium hydroxide (i-analytical pure); I-Hydrochloric acid (36% ~ 37% isixazululo samanzi, sihlanzekile ngokuhlaziya); I-Isopropyl utshwala (ihlanzekile ngokuhlaziya); I-1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone (ibanga lezimboni, elinikezwe i-Siping Fine Chemical Plant); 32.5R usimende ojwayelekile wasePortland (Imboni Kasimende yaseDalian Onoda); Uchungechunge lwe-Naphthalene superplasticizer (SNF, Dalian Sicca).

I-Spectrum One-B Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer, ekhiqizwa nguPerkin Elmer.

I-IRIS Advantage Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (IcP-AEs), ekhiqizwa yi-Thermo Jarrell Ash Co.

I-ZETAPLUS enamandla okuhlaziya (i-Brookhaven Instruments, USA) yasetshenziswa ukukala amandla odaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-SBC.

1.2 Indlela yokulungiselela ye-SBC

Okokuqala, i-cellulose ye-polymerization degree elinganiselwe yalungiswa ngokuvumelana nezindlela ezichazwe ezincwadini. Inani elithile likakotini cellulose lakalwa lafakwa eflaskini enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen, i-dilute hydrochloric acid ene-concentration ye-6% yengezwa, futhi ingxube yashukunyiswa kakhulu. Yabe isilengiswa nge-isopropyl alcohol eflaskini enemilomo emithathu, i-alkalized isikhathi esithile ne-30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, yakala inani elithile le-1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone, futhi yaphonswa eflaskini enemilomo emithathu, inyakaziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi wagcina izinga lokushisa lokushisa amanzi okugeza njalo uzinzile. Ngemuva kokusabela isikhathi esithile, umkhiqizo upholiswe ekamelweni lokushisa, wehliswa nge-isopropyl alcohol, wapompa futhi wahlungwa, futhi umkhiqizo ongahluziwe watholakala. Ngemuva kokugeza ngesisombululo samanzi se-methanol izikhathi ezimbalwa, iphonswe futhi ihlungiwe, umkhiqizo ekugcineni womiswa ku-60 ℃ ukuze usetshenziswe.

1.3 Isilinganiso sokusebenza kwe-SBC

Umkhiqizo we-SBC uhlakazwe kusisombululo samanzi esingu-0.1 mol/L NaNO3, futhi i-viscosity yephoyinti ngalinye lokuhlanjululwa lesampula likalwa nge-viscometer ye-Ustner ukuze kubalwe isici sayo sokubonakala kwe-viscosity. Okuqukethwe kwesibabule komkhiqizo kunqunywe ithuluzi le-ICP - AES. Amasampula e-SBC akhishwa nge-acetone, i-vacuum yomiswa, kwase kuthi cishe amasampula angu-5 mg agaywa futhi acindezelwa kanye ne-KBR ukuze kulungiselelwe isampula. Ukuhlolwa kwe-spectrum ye-infrared kwenziwa ku-SBC namasampula e-cellulose. Ukumiswa kukasimende kwalungiswa ngesilinganiso samanzi nosimende esingama-400 kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi engu-1% wesisindo sikasimende. Amandla ayo ahlolwe phakathi namaminithi angu-3.

Uketshezi oluludaka lukasimende nezinga lokunciphisa amanzi odaka lukasimende kukalwa ngokwe-GB/T 8077-2000 “Indlela yokuhlola yokufana kwengxube kakhonkolo”, mw/me= 0.35. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokusetha kokunamathisela usimende kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T 1346-2001 “Indlela Yokuhlola Yokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi, Isikhathi Sokusetha Nokuzinza Kwe-Cement Standard Consistency”. Amandla okucindezela usimende ngosimende ngokusho kwe-GB/T 17671-1999 “Indlela yokuhlola amandla osimende sikasimende (indlela ye-IS0)” indlela yokunquma.

2. Imiphumela kanye nengxoxo

2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-IR kwe-SBC

I-spectra ye-infrared ye-cellulose eluhlaza kanye nomkhiqizo we-SBC. Ngenxa yokuthi inani eliphakeme lokumuncwa lika-S — C kanye no-S — H libuthakathaka kakhulu, alifanele ukuhlonzwa, kuyilapho u-s=o enenani eliphakeme lokumunca eliqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kweqembu le-sulfonic acid esakhiweni samangqamuzana kunganqunywa ngokunquma ubukhona be-S=O peak. Ngokombono we-infrared we-cellulose ye-raw material kanye nomkhiqizo we-SBC, kusibukeli se-cellulose, kukhona ukuphakama okunamandla okumunca eduze kwenombolo yegagasi engu-3350 cm-1, ehlukaniswa njengenani eliphakeme lokudlidliza le-hydroxyl ku-cellulose. Isiqongo sokumunca esinamandla eduze nenombolo yegagasi engu-2 900 cm-1 i-methylene (CH2 1) enwebekayo yokudlidliza. Uchungechunge lwamabhendi ahlanganisa u-1060, 1170, 1120 kanye no-1010 cm-1 abonisa iziqongo zokumuncwa kokudlidliza okunwebekayo kweqembu le-hydroxyl kanye neziqongo zokumuncwa kokudlidliza okugobekayo kwebhondi ye-ether (C — o — C). Inombolo yegagasi ezungeze u-1650 cm-1 ibonisa ukuphakama kwe-hydrogen bond eyakhiwe iqembu le-hydroxyl namanzi amahhala. Ibhendi engu-1440 ~ 1340 cm-1 ibonisa isakhiwo se-crystalline se-cellulose. Ku-spectra ye-IR ye-SBC, ukushuba kwebhendi 1440~1340 cm-1 kwenziwa buthaka. Amandla okuphakama kokumuncwa eduze kwe-1650 cm-1 anda, okubonisa ukuthi ikhono lokwakha izibopho ze-hydrogen laqiniswa. Iziqongo zokumunca ezinamandla zivele ku-1180,628 cm-1, ezingazange ziboniswe ku-infrared spectroscopy ye-cellulose. Okwakuqala kwakuyisici esiphakeme sokumunca se-s=o sebhondi, kanti lokhu kwakamuva kwakuyisici esiphezulu sokumuncwa se-s=o yebhondi. Ngokwalokhu kuhlaziywa okungenhla, iqembu le-sulfonic acid likhona ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana e-cellulose ngemuva kokusabela kwe-etherification.

2.2 Umthelela wezimo zokusabela ekusebenzeni kwe-SBC

Kungabonakala ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwezimo zokusabela kanye nezakhiwo ze-SBC ukuthi izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela kanye nenani lezinto ezibonakalayo kuthinta izici zemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe. Ukuncibilika kwemikhiqizo ye-SBC kunqunywa ubude besikhathi esidingekayo ukuze umkhiqizo ongu-1g uncibilike ngokuphelele ku-100mL wamanzi angcolile ekamelweni lokushisa; Esivivinyweni sezinga lokunciphisa amanzi lodaka, okuqukethwe kwe-SBC kungu-1.0% wesisindo sikasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-cellulose ikakhulukazi yakhiwe iyunithi ye-anhydroglucose (AGU), inani le-cellulose libalwa njenge-AGU lapho kubalwa isilinganiso sokusabela. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SBCl ~ SBC5, i-SBC6 ine-viscosity ephansi engaphakathi kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule, futhi izinga lokunciphisa amanzi odaka lingu-11.2%. Isici se-viscosity ye-SBC ingabonisa isisindo sayo samangqamuzana ahlobene. I-viscosity ephezulu ibonisa ukuthi isisindo sayo samangqamuzana sikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-aqueous ene-concentration efanayo izokwenyuka nakanjani, futhi ukuhamba kwamahhala kwama-macromolecules kuzokhawulelwa, okungahambisani nokukhangisa kwayo ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukudlala kwamanzi. ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokuhlakazeka kwe-SBC. Okuqukethwe kwesibabule se-SBC kuphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi i-butyl sulfonate substitution degree iphezulu, i-SBC molecular chain ithwala inombolo yokushaja eyengeziwe, futhi umphumela wezinhlayiya zikasimende unamandla, ngakho-ke ukuhlakazwa kwayo kwezinhlayiya zikasimende nakho kunamandla.

Ekufakweni kwe-cellulose etherification, ukuze kuthuthukiswe idigri ye-etherification kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, indlela ye-alkalization etherification eminingi ivame ukusetshenziswa. I-SBC7 kanye ne-SBC8 yimikhiqizo etholwe ngokuphindaphindwa kwe-alkalization etherification izikhathi ezingu-1 nezi-2, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokusobala, i-viscosity yabo yesici iphansi futhi okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuphezulu, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kokugcina kuhle, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi lodaka lukasimende lingafinyelela ku-14.8% no-16.5%, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, ekuhloleni okulandelayo, i-SBC6, i-SBC7 ne-SBC8 zisetshenziswa njengezinto zocwaningo ukuze kuxoxwe ngemiphumela yazo yokusetshenziswa kunamathisela usimende nodaka.

2.3 Umthelela we-SBC ezakhiweni zikasimende

2.3.1 Umthelela we-SBC ekuguquguqukeni kokunamathisela usimende

Ijika lejika lokuqukethwe kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ku-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende. I-SNF iwuchungechunge lwe-naphthalene superplasticizer. Kungabonakala ejikeni lethonya lokuqukethwe kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ku-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-SBC8 kungaphansi kuka-1.0%, uketshezi lokunamathisela usimende kukhuphuka kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe, kanye nomphumela. iyafana neSNF. Uma okuqukethwe kudlula u-1.0%, ukukhula kwe-fluidity ye-slurry kancane kancane, futhi ijika lingena endaweni yesikhulumi. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi okuqukethwe okugcwele kwe-SBC8 cishe ku-1.0%. I-SBC6 ne-SBC7 nazo zibe nokuthambekela okufanayo ku-SBC8, kodwa okuqukethwe kwazo kokugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwakuphezulu kakhulu kune-SBC8, futhi izinga lokuthuthuka lokuhlanzeka kwe-slurry fluidity lalingekho phezulu njenge-SBC8. Nokho, okuqukethwe okugcwele kwe-SNF kucishe kube ngu-0.7% ~ 0.8%. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-SNF kuqhubeka nokwanda, i-fluidity ye-slurry iphinde iqhubeke ikhula, kodwa ngokusho kwendandatho yokopha, kungaphetha ngokuthi ukwanda ngalesi sikhathi kubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi okuphuma kwegazi nge-cement slurry. Sengiphetha, nakuba okuqukethwe okugcwele kwe-SBC kungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-SNF, akukabikho isenzakalo sokopha esisobala lapho okuqukethwe kwe-SBC kweqa okuqukethwe kwakho okugcwele ngokuningi. Ngakho-ke, kungahlulelwa kuqala ukuthi i-SBC inomphumela wokunciphisa amanzi futhi inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuthile, okuhlukile kune-SNF. Lo msebenzi udinga ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili ufunde.

Kungabonakala ejikeni lokuhlobana phakathi kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende ngo-1.0% wokuqukethwe kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kanye nesikhathi lapho ukulahlekelwa koketshezi kokunamathisela usimende kuncane kakhulu phakathi kwe-120min, ikakhulukazi i-SBC6, uketshezi kwayo kokuqala okungaba ngu-200mm kuphela. , futhi ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity kungaphansi kwama-20%. Ukulahleka kwe-warp koketshezi oluludaka bekulandelana ngokuthi SNF>SBC8>SBC7>SBC6. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-naphthalene superplasticizer imuncwa kakhulu phezu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende ngamandla anyanyekayo endiza. Ngokuqhubeka kwe-hydration, ama-athomu e-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ayinsalela ku-slurry ayancishiswa, ukuze ama-agent anciphisa amanzi adsorbed ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende nawo ancishiswe kancane kancane. Ukunyanyiswa phakathi kwezinhlayiya kuba buthaka, futhi izinhlayiya zikasimende zikhiqiza ukufingqa ngokomzimba, okubonisa ukwehla koketshezi lwe-net slurry. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa kokugeleza kodaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-naphthalene superplasticizer kukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ama-ejenti amaningi okunciphisa amanzi ochungechunge lwe-naphthalene asetshenziswa kubunjiniyela axutshwe kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe lesi sici. Ngakho, mayelana nokugcinwa kwe-liquidity, i-SBC iphakeme kune-SNF.

2.3.2 Umthelela wesikhathi esikhona kanye nesikhathi sokusetha sokunamathisela usimende

Ngemva kokwengeza i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ekuxubeni kukasimende, izinhlayiya zikasimende zikhangisa ama-ajenti amanzi okunciphisa ama-agent, ngakho-ke izakhiwo zikagesi ezingaba khona zezinhlayiya zikasimende zingashintshwa kusukela kokuhle kuye kokubi, futhi inani eliphelele likhuphuka ngokusobala. Inani eliphelele lamandla ezinhlayiyana zikasimende axutshwe ne-SNF liphezulu kunalelo le-SBC. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokusetha sokunamathisela usimende okuxutshwe ne-SBC sanwetshwa saya kumadigri ahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula engenalutho, futhi isikhathi sokumisa sasiku-oda lokuthi SBC6>SBC7>SBC8 ukusuka kokude kuya kokufushane. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokuncipha kwe-viscosity yesici se-SBC kanye nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwesibabule, isikhathi sokusetha sokunamathisela usimende sifinyezwa kancane kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-SBC ingeyokuphuma kokuphuma ku-polypolysaccharide, futhi kunamaqembu amaningi e-hydroxyl ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana, anamazinga ahlukene omphumela wokuvinjelwa kokusabela kwe-hydration kasimende wase-Portland. Cishe kunezinhlobo ezine zemishini ye-ejenti ebambezelekayo, futhi indlela yokuhlehlisa ye-SBC icishe ihambe kanje: Emkhathini we-alkaline kasimende hydration, iqembu le-hydroxyl kanye ne-Ca2+ yamahhala yakha inkimbinkimbi engazinzile, ukuze ukugcwala kwe-Ca2 10 esigabeni soketshezi. kuncipha, kodwa futhi kungase kukhangiswe phezu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende nemikhiqizo ye-hydration ebusweni buka-02- ukuze kwakhiwe izibopho ze-hydrogen, namanye amaqembu e-hydroxyl nama-molecule amanzi ngokusebenzisa inhlangano ye-hydrogen bond, ukuze ingaphezulu lezinhlayiya zikasimende zakhe ungqimba ifilimu lamanzi elizinzile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-hydration kasimende ivinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, inani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl ochungechungeni lwe-SBC enokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwesibabule lihluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke umthelela wawo enqubweni yokufaka usimende kumele wehluke.

2.3.3 Izinga lokunciphisa amanzi ngodaka kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla

Njengoba ukusebenza kodaka kungabonisa ukusebenza kukakhonkolo ngezinga elithile, leli phepha lihlola ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe ne-SBC. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodaka kwalungiswa ngokwezinga lokuhlola izinga lokuncishiswa kwamanzi odaka, ukuze ukunwetshwa kwesampula yodaka kufinyelele (180 ± 5) mm, kanye nama-40 mm×40 mlTl×160 ama-mill specimens alungiselelwe ukuhlola ukucindezela. amandla enkathi ngayinye. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonelo ezingenalutho ngaphandle kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, amandla ezifanekiso zodaka ezine-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi eminyakeni yobudala athuthukisiwe ngamadigri ahlukene. Amandla okucindezela amasampula afakwe ngo-1.0% SNF akhuphuke ngo-46%, 35% no-20% ngokulandelana ezinsukwini ezingu-3, ​​7 kanye ne-28. Umthelela we-SBC6, SBC7 kanye ne-SBC8 kumandla okucindezela odaka akufani. Amandla odaka oluxutshwe ne-SBC6 akhuphuka kancane eminyakeni yobudala, futhi amandla odaka ngo-3 d, 7 d no-28d akhuphuka ngo-15%, 3% no-2% ngokulandelanayo. Amandla okucindezela odaka oluxubene ne-SBC8 anda kakhulu, futhi amandla awo ku-3, 7 kanye nezinsuku ezingu-28 akhuphuke ngo-61%, 45% no-18%, ngokulandelana, okubonisa ukuthi i-SBC8 inomphumela onamandla wokunciphisa nokuqinisa amanzi odakeni lukasimende.

2.3.4 Umthelela wezakhiwo zesakhiwo samangqamuzana e-SBC

Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa okungenhla ngethonya le-SBC ekunamathisele usimende nodaka, akunzima ukuthola ukuthi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-SBC, njenge-viscosity yesici (okuhlobene nesisindo sayo samangqamuzana, i-viscosity yesici esijwayelekile iphezulu, isihlobo sayo. isisindo samangqamuzana siphezulu), okuqukethwe kwesibabule (okuhlobene nezinga lokushintshwa kwamaqembu aqinile we-hydrophilic kuketango lamangqamuzana, okuqukethwe kwesibabule okuphezulu kuyizinga eliphezulu lokushintsha, Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho) kunquma ukusebenza kwesicelo se-SBC. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-SBC8 ene-viscosity ephansi ye-intrinsic kanye nesibabule esiphezulu kuphansi, ingaba nekhono eliqinile lokuhlakazeka ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende, futhi okuqukethwe kokugcwaliswa kwesikhala nakho kuphansi, cishe u-1.0%. Ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokusetha sokunamathisela usimende kufushane. Amandla acindezelayo odaka olunoketshezi olufanayo akhuphuka ngokusobala eminyakeni yobudala ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, i-SBC6 ene-viscosity ephezulu ye-intrinsic kanye ne-sulphur ephansi inoketshezi oluncane uma okuqukethwe kwayo kuphansi. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwayo kunyuswa cishe ku-1.5%, amandla ayo okuhlakazeka ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende nawo akhulu. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokusetha se-slurry ehlanzekile sinwetshwa kakhulu, okubonisa izici zokusetha kancane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okucindezela udaka ngaphansi kweminyaka ehlukene kunqunyelwe. Ngokuvamile, i-SBC ingcono kune-SNF ekugcineni uketshezi olunodaka.

3. Isiphetho

1. I-Cellulose ene-polymerization degree elinganiselayo yalungiswa kusuka ku-cellulose, eyafakwa etherized ne-1,4 monobutyl sulfonolactone ngemva kwe-NaOH alkalization, bese i-butyl sulfonolactone encibilika emanzini ilungiswa. Izimo ezinhle zokusabela zomkhiqizo zimi kanje: irowu (Na0H); Ngu (AGU); n(BS) -2.5:1.0:1.7, isikhathi sokuphendula kwakungu-4.5h, izinga lokushisa lokusabela lalingu-75℃. I-alkalization ephindaphindiwe kanye ne-etherification inganciphisa i-viscosity yesici futhi ikhulise okuqukethwe kwesibabule komkhiqizo.

2. I-SBC enezici ezifanele ze-viscosity kanye nokuqukethwe kwesibabule ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugeleza kwe-slurry kasimende futhi ithuthukise ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity. Lapho izinga lokuncishiswa kwamanzi odaka lifinyelela ku-16.5%, amandla okucindezela esifanekiso sodaka eminyakeni yobudala ayanda ngokusobala.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SBC njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kubonisa izinga elithile lokukhubazeka. Ngaphansi kwesimo se-viscosity yesici esifanele, kungenzeka ukuthola i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwesibabule kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokuhlehlisa. Ngokubhekiselwa kumazinga afanelekile kazwelonke wezinto ezixubene nokhonkolo, i-SBC kulindeleke ukuthi ibe i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi enenani elisebenzayo, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, ibambezele i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu.