Udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo luhlukaniswa lube udaka oluxutshwe okumanzi kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile ngokuya ngendlela yokukhiqiza. Ingxube exutshwe emanzi exutshwe namanzi ibizwa ngokuthi udaka oluxubile olumanzi, kanti ingxube eqinile eyenziwe ngezinto ezomile ibizwa ngokuthi udaka oluxubile. Ziningi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihilelekile odakeni oseluvele luxubene. Ngaphezu kwezinto zikasimende, izilinganiso, nezixube zamaminerali, izingxube zidinga ukungezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ipulasitiki yayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, nokungaguquguquki. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-admixtures for mortar exutshwe ngomumo, engahlukaniswa nge-cellulose ether, i-starch ether, i-latex powder ephindwe kabusha, i-bentonite, njll kusukela ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali; ingahlukaniswa nge-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, i-stabilizer, i-anti-cracking fiber, i-Retarder, i-accelerator, i-water reducer, i-dispersant, njll. Lesi sihloko sibuyekeza inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo yezingxube ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni oluxutshwe ngomumo.
1 Izingxube ezivamile zodaka oseluvele luxubile
1.1 I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya
I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya i-ejenti esebenzayo, futhi izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa ama-rosin resins, i-alkyl ne-alkyl aromatics hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, njll. Kunamaqembu e-hydrophilic namaqembu e-hydrophobic ku-molecule ye-agent efaka umoya. Lapho i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ifakwa odakeni, iqembu le-hydrophilic le-molecule ye-agent engenisa umoya likhangiswa ngezinhlayiya zikasimende, kuyilapho iqembu le-hydrophobic lixhunywe namabhamuza amancane omoya. Futhi kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo odakeni, ukuze kubambezeleke inqubo yokuqala kasimende, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kunciphise izinga lokulahleka kokuvumelana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhamuza omoya amancane angadlala indima yokugcoba, ukwenza ngcono ukudonsa nokufuthwa kodaka.
Umthelela we-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ekusebenzeni kodaka lokufafaza oluxubekile, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi: i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya yafaka inani elikhulu lamabhamuza omoya odakeni, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kodaka, yanciphisa ukumelana ngesikhathi sokupompa nokufafaza, nokunciphisa i-clogging Phenomenon; ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti efaka umoya-mpilo kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla ebhondi eqinile yodaka, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwamandla ebhondi eqinile kuyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe; I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ithuthukisa ukungaguquguquki, izinga lokulahlekelwa okungaguquguquki okungu-2 nokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka Izinga nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza zithuthukisa ukusebenza kokufuthwa nokupompa kodaka lokufafaza ngomshini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahlekelwa amandla okucindezela nokubopha. amandla odaka.
Umthelela wama-ejenti amathathu ajwayelekile atholakala ngokwentengiso okungenisa umoya odakeni oseluxubile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokucabangela umphumela we-cellulose ether, ukwanda kwenani le-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuminyana okumanzi kodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo, kanye nokuqukethwe kodaka Umthamo womoya nokuvumelana kuyanda kakhulu, kuyilapho izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi namandla okucindezela ayancishiswa; futhi ngocwaningo lwezinguquko zenkomba yokusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe ne-cellulose ether kanye ne-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, kutholakala ukuthi ukujwayela kokubili kufanele kucatshangelwe ngemva kokuba i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kanye ne-cellulose ether ixutshwe. I-cellulose ether ingase ibangele ukuthi amanye ama-ejenti afaka umoya ahluleke, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka.
Ukuxutshwa okukodwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, i-ejenti yokunciphisa ukushwabana kanye nengxube yakho kokubili kunomthelela othize kuzakhiwo zodaka. U-Wang Quanlei wathola ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kwandisa izinga lokuncipha kodaka, futhi ukungezwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuncipha kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuncipha kodaka. Zombili zingabambezela ukuqhekeka kwendandatho yodaka. Lapho kokubili kuxutshwe, izinga lokushwabana kodaka alishintshi kakhulu, futhi ukumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathuthukiswa.
1.2 Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha
Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha iyingxenye ebalulekile yodaka lwempushana eyomile yanamuhla. I-polymer encibilikayo emanzini ekhiqizwa i-emulsion ye-polymer ephezulu yamangqamuzana ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, ukomisa isifutho, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nezinye izinqubo. U-Roger ukholelwa ukuthi i-emulsion eyenziwe nge-latex powder evuselelekayo odakeni lukasimende yakha isakhiwo sefilimu ye-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, okungathuthukisa ikhono likasimende lokumelana nokulimala.
Imiphumela yocwaningo lohlelo lokusebenza lwempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha odakeni lukasimende ibonisa ukuthi impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha ingathuthukisa ukunwebeka nokuqina kwezinto, ithuthukise ukusebenza kokugeleza kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi ibe nomthelela othile wokunciphisa amanzi. Ithimba lakhe lahlola umthelela wesistimu yokwelapha emandleni esibopho esiqinile sodaka, futhi lafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo sokuthi impushana ye-latex ehlakazekayo yenza udaka lube sobala endaweni yemvelo ukumelana nezinga lokushisa nokushintsha komswakama. Sisebenzise i-XCT ukuze sifunde umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zempushana yerabha odakeni olulungisiwe esakhiweni sembotshana, futhi sikholelwa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olujwayelekile, inani lezimbobo kanye nomthamo wezimbobo kudaka olushintshiwe bekukukhudlwana.
Amamaki ahlukene kanye namanani e-rubber powder eguquliwe akhethiwe ukuze kuhlolwe ithonya lawo ekusebenzeni kodaka olungenamanzi. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi lapho inani le-powder yerabha eguquliwe lisebangeni le-1.0% kuya ku-1.5%, ukusebenza kwamabanga ahlukene we-powder yenjoloba kwakunokulinganisela. . Ngemuva kokuthi i-latex powder ekhishwa kabusha yengezwe kusimende, izinga lokuqala lokugeleza kukasimende liyancipha, ifilimu ye-polymer igoqa izinhlayiya zikasimende, usimende ugcwele amanzi ngokugcwele, futhi izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ziyathuthukiswa. Ngokucwaninga, kutholakala ukuthi ukuxuba i-latex powder e-redispersible ibe udaka lukasimende kunganciphisa amanzi, futhi i-latex powder kanye nosimende kungakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla esibopho sodaka, ukunciphisa ama-voids of mortar, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka.
Umthelela wokuguqulwa wempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha ezimpahleni zodaka lukasimende lwesanti olucoleke kakhulu. Ocwaningweni, isilinganiso esinqunyiwe se-lime-sand singu-1:2.5, ukuvumelana (70±5) mm, kanti inani lempushana yerabha likhethwa njengo-0-3% wesisindo sesihlabathi se-lime, izinguquko izakhiwo ezincane zodaka oluguquliwe ezinsukwini ezingu-28 zahlaziywa yi-SEM, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-latex powder ephindwe kabusha, ifilimu ye-polymer eqhubekayo yenziwa ebusweni bomkhiqizo we-motar hydration, kanye nokusebenza kangcono kwe-latex powder. udaka.
Indlela yokusebenza yempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha ku-EPS insulation mortar, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi ixutshwe nodaka lukasimende, izinhlayiya ze-polymer nosimende zizobumbana, zenze ungqimba olunqwabelene komunye nomunye, futhi zakhe inethiwekhi ephelele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka amanzi. isakhiwo, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise kakhulu amandla okubopha okuqinile nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka lokufakwa okushisayo.
1.3 Impushana ejiyile
Umsebenzi we-powder ukuqina ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kodaka. Kuyi-powder engangenisi emoyeni elungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingaphili, ama-polymers we-organic, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto ezikhethekile. Impushana ejiyayo ihlanganisa impushana ye-latex ephinda ihlakazeka, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-thickener egcina amanzi, njll., enomphumela othile wokukhangisa kuma-molecule wamanzi angokwenyama, hhayi nje kuphela engakhuphula ukungaguquguquki nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, kodwa futhi ibe nokuhambisana okuhle osimende abahlukahlukene. Ukuhambisana kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. Sifunde umphumela we-HJ-C2 ewugqinsi oyimpushana ezimpahleni zodaka oluvamile oluxubene okomile, futhi imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi impushana eshubile inomphumela omncane wokungaguquguquki kanye namandla okucindezela angu-28d odaka oluvamile oluxubile, futhi lunomphumela omuhle. umthelela kuzinga lokubeka izingqimba lomphumela wokuthuthukisa udaka. Umthelela wempushana ejiyayo kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezikhombeni ezingokomzimba nezomshini nokuqina kodaka olusha ngaphansi kwemithamo ehlukene. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kodaka olusha kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokwengezwa kwempushana eshubile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-latex powder e-redispersible kuthuthukisa amandla okuguquguquka odaka futhi kunciphisa amandla okucindezela odaka, futhi ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezinto zamaminerali ezingaphili kunciphisa amandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka; Ukuqina kodaka lwengxube eyomile kuthintekile, okwandisa ukuncipha kodaka. Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwe-bentonite ne-cellulose ether ezibonisini zokusebenza zodaka oluxubekile, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kodaka, kuphetha ngokuthi inani eliphelele le-bentonite lilinganiselwa ku-10kg/m3, kanye nenani eliphelele le-cellulose ether. i-glue engu-0.05% yenani eliphelele lezinto zikasimende. Kule ngxenye, impushana ejiyile exutshwe nalezi ezimbili inomphumela ongcono ekusebenzeni okuphelele kodaka.
1.4 I-Cellulose Ether
I-Cellulose ether yavela encazelweni yezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo ngumlimi ongumFulentshi u-Anselme Payon ngawo-1830s. Yenziwa ngokusabela i-cellulose kusuka okhunini nokotini nge-caustic soda, bese yengeza i-etherification ejenti yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kanye nemiphumela yokujiya, ukwengeza inani elincane le-cellulose ether kusimende kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusebenza kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa. Ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende, izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-cellulose ether zifaka i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kanye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether esetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) inethonya elikhulu ku-fluidity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi namandla okubopha odaka oluzilinganisa. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, inciphise ukuhambisana kodaka, futhi idlale umphumela omuhle wokuhlehlisa; lapho inani le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether liphakathi kuka-0.02% no-0.04%, amandla odaka ayancipha kakhulu. UXu Fenlian uxoxe ngomthelela we-hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kodaka oseluvele luxubile ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe kwe-hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether idlala umphumela wokungenisa umoya futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka. Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kodaka futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza sodaka. Kuyisithasiselo sangaphandle esingathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenza kodaka. Phakathi nenqubo yocwaningo, kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokuqukethwe komoya wodaka, okuholela ekwehleni kokuminyana, ukulahlekelwa amandla kanye nokwehla kwamandla. umthelela kwikhwalithi yodaka. Umthelela we-cellulose ether kuzakhiwo zodaka osulungile oluxubile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi odongeni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kube nomthelela omkhulu wokunciphisa amanzi odongeni. I-cellulose ether ingenza futhi ingxube yodaka Ukunciphisa ukuminyana, isikhathi sokusetha eside, ukunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka nokucindezelwa. I-Cellulose ether ne-starch ether yizinhlobo ezimbili zezixube ezivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni lokwakha. Umthelela walokhu okubili okuxutshwe nodaka oluxutshwe okomile ekusebenzeni kodaka. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kokubili kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla esibopho sodaka.
Izazi eziningi ziye zafunda ithonya le-cellulose ether emandleni odaka lukasimende, kodwa ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cellulose ether, imingcele yamangqamuzana nayo ihlukile, okuholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lukasimende oluguquliwe. Umthelela we-viscosity kanye nomthamo we-cellulose ether kuzakhiwo zemishini zodaka lukasimende. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi amandla odaka lukasimende ashintshwe nge-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu aphansi, futhi amandla okucindezela odaka lukasimende abonisa ukwanda okukhulu komthamo we-cellulose ether. Umkhuba wokuncipha futhi ekugcineni uzinzile, kuyilapho amandla e-flexural abonisa inqubo eguqukayo yokwanda, ukuncipha, ukuzinza nokwanda kancane.
2 Isiqephu
(1) Ucwaningo lwezingxube lusalinganiselwe ocwaningweni lokuhlola, futhi umthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende alinakho ukusekelwa kwesistimu yetiyori ejulile. Kusenokuntuleka kokuhlaziywa komthamo womthelela wokwengezwa kwezixube ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana ezinto ezisekelwe kusimende, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuxhumeka kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nenqubo ye-hydration.
(2) Umphumela we-admixture kufanele uqokonyiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza lobunjiniyela. Njengamanje, ukuhlaziya okuningi kusakhawulelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwaselabhorethri. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zama-substrates odongeni, ukuhwalala komhlaba, ukumuncwa kwamanzi, njll. kunezidingo ezihlukile ezinkomba ezibonakalayo zodaka oseluxubile. Izinkathi ezihlukene zonyaka, amazinga okushisa, isivinini somoya, amandla emishini esetshenziswayo nezindlela zokusebenza, njll. konke kuthinta ngokuqondile udaka oluxutshwe ngaphambili. Umthelela wokuxuba udaka. Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokusetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela, udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo kufanele luhluke ngokuphelele futhi lube lomuntu siqu, futhi ukumiswa komugqa wokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zezindleko zebhizinisi kufanele kubhekwe ngokugcwele, futhi ukuqinisekiswa kokukhiqizwa kwefomula yaselabhorethri kufanele kwenziwe. ngaphandle, ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokwenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-22-2022