I-Cellulose ether, isetshenziswa kakhulu odakeni. Njengohlobo lwe-cellulose etherified,i-cellulose etherinokuhambisana namanzi, futhi le nhlanganisela ye-polymer inekhono elihle kakhulu lokumunca amanzi kanye nekhono lokugcina amanzi, elingaxazulula kahle ukopha kodaka, isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, ukunamathela, njll. Amandla efindo anganele nezinye izinkinga eziningi.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezokwakha emhlabeni kanye nokujula okuqhubekayo kocwaningo lwempahla yokwakha, ukuthengiswa kodaka sekuphenduke inkambiso engenakuvinjwa. Ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi udaka lwendabuko olungenalo, ukusetshenziswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano sekuvame kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu naphakathi ezweni lami. Nokho, udaka lwezentengiselwano lusenezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe.
Udaka olunamanzi amaningi, njengodaka lokuqinisa, izinto zokugalela usimende, njll., ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esetshenzisiwe, lizodala ukopha okukhulu futhi lithinte ukusebenza okuphelele kodaka; Izwela kakhulu, futhi ijwayele ukwehla kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi esikhathini esifushane ngemva kokuxutshwa, okusho ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza sifushane kakhulu; ngaphezu kwalokho, udaka oluboshiwe, uma udaka lunamandla okugcina amanzi anele, inani elikhulu Lomswakama lizomuncwa yi-matrix, okuholela ekusweleni kwamanzi ingxenye yodaka oluhlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla kanye ukwehla kwamandla ahlangene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixube njengengxenye esikhundleni sikasimende, njengomlotha wempukane, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (impushana yamaminerali), i-silica fume, njll., manje seyibaluleke kakhulu. Njengemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe yizimboni kanye nemfucuza, uma ingxube ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, ukunqwabelana kwayo kuzothatha futhi kucekele phansi indawo enkulu, futhi kuzodala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu. Uma ama-admixtures asetshenziswa ngokunengqondo, angathuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile zikakhonkolo nodaka, futhi axazulule izinkinga zobunjiniyela bekhonkrithi nodaka kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezixube kuyazuzisa imvelo kanye nezinzuzo zemboni.
Ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngomphumela we-cellulose ether kanye ne-admixtures ku-mortar, kodwa kusekhona ukuntuleka kwengxoxo ngomphumela wokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kokubili.
Kuleli phepha, izixube ezibalulekile odakeni, i-cellulose ether kanye ne-admixture zisetshenziswa odakeni, futhi umthetho wethonya ophelele wezingxenye ezimbili zodaka ku-fluidity namandla odaka ufinyezwa ngokuhlolwa. Ngokushintsha uhlobo nenani le-cellulose ether kanye nezixube esivivinyweni, ithonya ku-fluidity namandla odaka labonwa (kuleli phepha, uhlelo lokuhlola lwe-gelling ngokuyinhloko lwamukela isistimu kanambambili). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HPMC, i-CMC ayifanele ukujiya nokugcinwa kwamanzi kokwelashwa kwezinto zikasimende ezisekelwe kusimende. I-HPMC inganciphisa kakhulu uketshezi lwe-slurry futhi ikhulise ukulahlekelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngethamo eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-0.2%). Yehlisa amandla omzimba wodaka futhi unciphise isilinganiso sokuminyanisa ukuze sigoqe. Izidingo eziphelele zoketshezi namandla, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC ku-O. 1% kufanelekile kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, i-fly ash inomphumela othile ekwandiseni i-fluidity ye-slurry, futhi ithonya le-slag powder alibonakali. Nakuba intuthu ye-silica inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukopha, uketshezi lungalahleka kakhulu lapho umthamo ungu-3%. . Ngemuva kokucatshangelwa okuphelele, kuphetha ngokuthi lapho umlotha wempukane usetshenziswa odakeni lwesakhiwo noma oluqinisiwe olunezidingo zokuqina ngokushesha namandla okuqala, umthamo akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu ucishe ube ngu-10%, futhi uma usetshenziselwa ukubopha. udaka, yengezwe ku-20%. ‰ kungaba futhi ngokuyisisekelo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo; kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokungaqini kahle kwevolumu ye-mineral powder kanye ne-silica fume, kufanele ilawulwe ngaphansi kuka-10% no-3% ngokulandelanayo. Imiphumela yama-admixtures nama-cellulose ether ayizange ihlotshaniswe kakhulu futhi ibe nemiphumela ezimele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, libhekisela kuthiyori yamandla kaFeret kanye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi wezingxube, leli phepha liphakamisa indlela entsha yokubikezela yamandla acindezelayo wezinto ezisekelwe kusimende. Ngokuxoxisana nge-coefficient yomsebenzi we-mineral admixtures kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret kusukela ekubukeni kwevolumu nokuziba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingxube ezihlukahlukene, le ndlela iphetha ngokuthi izingxube, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwakheka kweqoqo kunemithelela eminingi kukhonkolo. Umthetho wethonya wamandla (udaka) unokubaluleka okuhle kokuqondisa.
Ngalo msebenzi ongenhla, leli phepha lifinyelela iziphetho ezithile zethiyori nezingokoqobo ngenani elithile lereferensi.
Amagama angukhiye: i-cellulose ether,uketshezi olunodaka, ukusebenza kahle, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali, ukubikezela amandla
Isahluko 1 Isingeniso
1.1udaka lwempahla
1.1.1Ukwethulwa kodaka lwezentengiselwano
Embonini yezinto zokwakha zezwe lami, ukhonkolo uye wazuza izinga eliphezulu lokuhweba, futhi ukuthengiswa kodaka nakho kuya ngokuya kukhuphuka, ikakhulukazi kumabhomu ahlukahlukene akhethekile, abakhiqizi abanamakhono aphezulu obuchwepheshe bayadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Izinkomba zokusebenza zifanelekile. Udaka lwezohwebo luhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile. Udaka oluxubekile lusho ukuthi udaka luthuthelwa endaweni yokwakha ngemva kokuxutshwa namanzi ngumphakeli kusengaphambili ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi, kuyilapho udaka oluxutshwe owomile lwenziwa umkhiqizi wodaka ngokuhlanganisa okomile nokupakisha izinto zikasimende, izilinganiso nezithasiselo ngokwesilinganiso esithile. Faka inani elithile lamanzi endaweni yokwakha bese uxuba ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Udaka lwendabuko lunobuthakathaka obuningi ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni. Isibonelo, ukupakishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuxuba endaweni akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha okuphucuzekile nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezimo zokwakha endaweni kanye nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza ikhwalithi yodaka ibe nzima ukuqinisekiswa, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukusebenza okuphezulu. udaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka lwendabuko, udaka lwezentengiselwano lunezinzuzo ezithile ezisobala. Okokuqala, ikhwalithi yayo kulula ukuyilawula nokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphakeme, izinhlobo zayo zicwengisisiwe, futhi ihloselwe kangcono izidingo zobunjiniyela. Udaka lwaseYurophu oluxutshwe okomile lwakhiwe ngeminyaka yawo-1950, futhi izwe lami nalo likumela ngamandla ukusetshenziswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano. I-Shanghai isivele yasebenzisa udaka lwezentengiselwano ngo-2004. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yezwe lami lokuthuthela emadolobheni, okungenani emakethe yasemadolobheni, ngeke kugwemeke ukuthi udaka lwezohwebo olunezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene luzothatha indawo yodaka lwendabuko.
1.1.2Izinkinga ezikhona odakeni lwezentengiselwano
Nakuba udaka lwezentengiselwano lunezinzuzo eziningi kunodaka lwendabuko, kusenezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe njengodaka. Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu, olufana nodaka lokuqinisa, izinto zokugalela usimende, njll., zinezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zamandla nokusebenza komsebenzi, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwama-superplasticizers kukhulu, okuzobangela ukopha okukhulu futhi kuthinte udaka. Ukusebenza okuphelele; futhi kwezinye izinsimbi zepulasitiki, ngenxa yokuthi zizwela kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwamanzi, kulula ukuba nokuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuxuba, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza sifushane kakhulu: Ngaphezu kwalokho. , Ngokuphathelene nodaka olubophayo, i-matrix yokubopha ngokuvamile yomile. Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, ngenxa yekhono elinganele lodaka lokugcina amanzi, inani elikhulu lamanzi lizomuncwa i-matrix, okubangela ukushoda kwamanzi wendawo osimende ohlanganisayo kanye nokungadonsi amanzi okwanele. Umkhuba wokuthi amandla ayancipha futhi amandla okunamathela ayancipha.
Ekuphenduleni le mibuzo engenhla, isithasiselo esibalulekile, i-cellulose ether, sisetshenziswa kabanzi edaka. Njengohlobo lwe-cellulose e-etherified, i-cellulose ether inokuhlangana kwamanzi, futhi le nhlanganisela ye-polymer inekhono elihle kakhulu lokumunca amanzi kanye nekhono lokugcina amanzi, elingaxazulula kahle ukopha kodaka, isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, ukunamathela, njll. Amandla efindo anganele nokunye okuningi. izinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixube njengengxenye esikhundleni sikasimende, njengomlotha wempukane, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (impushana yamaminerali), i-silica fume, njll., manje seyibaluleke kakhulu. Siyazi ukuthi izingxube eziningi ziyimikhiqizo yezimboni ezifana namandla kagesi, insimbi encibilikayo, i-ferrosilicon encibilikisayo kanye ne-silicon yezimboni. Uma zingeke zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele, ukunqwabelana kwezixube kuzothatha futhi kucekele phansi indawo enkulu futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ama-admixtures asetshenziswa ngokunengqondo, ezinye izakhiwo zikakhonkolo nodaka zingathuthukiswa, futhi ezinye izinkinga zobunjiniyela ekusebenziseni ukhonkolo nodaka zingaxazululwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezixube kunenzuzo emvelweni nasembonini. ziyazuzisa.
1.2Ama-cellulose ethers
I-cellulose ether (i-cellulose ether) iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer enesakhiwo se-ether esikhiqizwa i-etherification ye-cellulose. Indandatho ngayinye ye-glucosyl kuma-cellulose macromolecules iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqembu eliyinhloko le-hydroxyl ku-athomu yesithupha yekhabhoni, iqembu le-hydroxyl lesibili kuma-athomu ekhabhoni lesibili nelesithathu, kanti i-hydrogen eseqenjini le-hydroxyl ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydrocarbon ukuze likhiqize i-cellulose ether. okuphuma kokunye. into. I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxy polymer engancibiliki noma incibilike, kodwa i-cellulose ingancibilika emanzini, ihlambulule isixazululo se-alkali kanye ne-organic solvent ngemva kwe-etherification, futhi ibe ne-thermoplasticity ethile.
I-Cellulose ether ithatha i-cellulose yemvelo njengento eluhlaza futhi ilungiswa ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-ionic ne-non-ionic ngendlela ye-ionized. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, i-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, imithi, izitsha zobumba nezinye izimboni. .
1.2.1Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cellulose ethers ukuze kwakhiwe
I-Cellulose ether yokwakha yitemu elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherifying agent ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cellulose ethers zingatholwa ngokufaka i-alkali cellulose ngama-etherifying ahlukahlukene.
1. Ngokwezakhiwo ze-ionization zama-substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kanye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).
2. Ngokwezinhlobo zama-substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe ama-ether awodwa (afana ne-methyl cellulose) nama-ether axutshiwe (afana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Ngokuvumelana ne-solubility ehlukene, ihlukaniswe ibe yi-soluble emanzini (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent solubility (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njll. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lokufaka isicelo odakeni oluxubekile luyi-cellulose encibilika emanzini, kuyilapho amanzi. -i-cellulose encibilikayo Ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo lokuqedwa olubambezelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa kwendawo.
1.2.2 Incazelo yendlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
I-Cellulose ether iyinhlanganisela eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina amanzi zodaka oluxutshwe okomile, futhi ingenye yezixube ezibalulekile zokunquma izindleko zezinto zodaka ezixutshwe okomile.
1. Ngemuva kokuthi i-cellulose ether odakeni ichitheke emanzini, umsebenzi oyingqayizivele ongaphezulu uqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zikasimende zihlakazeka ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngokulinganayo ohlelweni lwe-slurry, kanye ne-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid evikelayo, "ingahlanganisa" izinhlayiya eziqinile, , ifilimu yokugcoba yenziwa endaweni engaphandle, futhi ifilimu yokugcoba ingenza umzimba wodaka ube ne-thixotropy enhle. Okusho ukuthi, umthamo uzinzile esimweni sokuma, futhi ngeke kube nezimo ezimbi njengokuphuma kwegazi noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezikhanyayo nezisindayo, okwenza uhlelo lodaka luzinze; ngenkathi isesimweni sokwakha esiyaluzayo, i-cellulose ether izodlala indima ekunciphiseni ukugunda kodaka. Umphumela wokumelana okuguquguqukayo wenza udaka lube noketshezi oluhle nokushelela ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuxuba.
2. Ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo saso samangqamuzana, isixazululo se-cellulose ether singagcina amanzi futhi singalahleki kalula ngemva kokuxutshwa nodaka, futhi sizokhishwa kancane kancane esikhathini eside, esinweba isikhathi sokusebenza kodaka. futhi inikeza udaka ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle nokusebenza.
1.2.3 Ama-ether amaningi e-cellulose ebangeni lokwakha abalulekile
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Ngemuva kokuthi ukotini ocolisisiwe ulashwe nge-alkali, i-methyl chloride isetshenziswa njenge-etherifying agent ukwenza i-cellulose ether ngochungechunge lokusabela. Iziqu ezijwayelekile zokushintsha ngu-1. Ukuncibilika okungu-2.0, izinga lokushintsha lihlukile futhi ukunyibilika nakho kuhlukile. Okwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Ilungiswa ngokusabela nge-ethylene oxide njenge-ejenti etherifying phambi kwe-acetone ngemva kokuba ukotini ophucuziwe uphathwa nge-alkali. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile liyi-1.5 kuye ku-2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.
3. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose iwuhlobo lwe-cellulose okukhishwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo kukhuphuka ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. I-ether engeyona i-ionic cellulose exutshwe ukotini ocolisisiwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-propylene oxide ne-methyl chloride njengama-etherifying agents, futhi ngochungechunge lokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-1.2 kuya ku-2.0. Izakhiwo zayo ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
4. I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
I-Ionic cellulose ether ilungiswa kusuka emicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-ejenti etherifying, nangochungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4–d. 4. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu ngezinga lokushintshwa.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwesithathu nolwesine yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-cellulose ezisetshenziswe kulokhu kuhlolwa.
1.2.4 Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Ye-Cellulose Ether
Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, imakethe ye-cellulose ether emazweni athuthukile isivuthwe kakhulu, futhi imakethe emazweni asathuthuka isesigabeni sokukhula, okuzoba amandla amakhulu okukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether emhlabeni jikelele ngokuzayo. Njengamanje, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-cellulose ether emhlabeni wonke udlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1, kanti iYurophu ibala u-35% wesamba esisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, kulandelwa i-Asia neNyakatho Melika. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwabathengi, olubalelwa ku-56% wengqikithi, ilandelwa i-methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), ebalwa ku-56% wesamba. 25% no-12%. Imboni ye-cellulose ether yangaphandle inokuncintisana kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa okuningi, okukhiphayo kugxilwe ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezinkulu eziningana, njenge-Dow Chemical Company ne-Hercules Company e-United States, i-Akzo Nobel e-Netherlands, i-Noviant e-Finland kanye ne-DAICEL yase-Japan, njll.
Izwe lami lingumkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu we-cellulose ether emhlabeni, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kwama-20%. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, cishe kunamabhizinisi angama-50 okukhiqiza i-cellulose ether e-China. Umthamo oklanyelwe wokukhiqiza wemboni ye-cellulose ether usudlule amathani angu-400,000, futhi kukhona amabhizinisi angaba ngu-20 anomthamo wamathani angaphezu kuka-10,000, ikakhulukazi atholakala eShandong, Hebei, Chongqing naseJiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai nezinye izindawo. Ngo-2011, amandla okukhiqiza e-CMC yaseChina ayengamathani angaba ngu-300,000. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sekhwalithi ephezulu yama-cellulose ether embonini yezemithi, yokudla, yansuku zonke nezinye eminyakeni yamuva nje, siyanda isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC. Okukhudlwana, umthamo we-MC/HPMC ungamathani ayi-120,000, futhi umthamo we-HEC ungamathani angama-20,000. I-PAC isesigabeni sokuphromotha nokusebenzisa e-China. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasimu amakhulu kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukudla, amakhemikhali nezinye izimboni, inani kanye nensimu yePAC kuyanda futhi kwanda unyaka nonyaka, namandla okukhiqiza angaphezu kwamathani ayi-10,000.
1.3Ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
Mayelana nocwaningo lwesicelo sobunjiniyela be-cellulose ether embonini yezokwakha, izazi zasekhaya nezangaphandle zenze inani elikhulu locwaningo lokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemishini.
1.3.1Ukwethulwa kafushane kocwaningo lwangaphandle mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
U-Laetitia Patural, u-Philippe Marchal kanye nabanye baseFrance babonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inethonya elibalulekile ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, futhi ipharamitha yesakhiwo iyisihluthulelo, futhi isisindo samangqamuzana siyisihluthulelo sokulawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuvumelana. Ngokukhula kwesisindo samangqamuzana, ukucindezeleka kwesivuno kuncipha, ukuhambisana kwanda, futhi ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyanda; ngokuphambene nalokho, i-molar substitution degree (ehlobene nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxyethyl noma i-hydroxypropyl) inomphumela omncane ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka oluxutshwe okomile. Nokho, ama-cellulose ether anamadigri e-molar aphansi okushintsha athuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Isiphetho esibalulekile mayelana nendlela yokugcina amanzi ukuthi izakhiwo ze-rheological zodaka zibalulekile. Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlola ukuthi ngodaka oluxutshwe okomile olunesilinganiso esigxilile sikasimende wamanzi nokuqukethwe kwengxube, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile kunokujwayelekile okufanayo nokungaguquguquki kwawo. Nokho, kwamanye ama-cellulose ethers, ukuthambekela akubonakali; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-starch ethers, kunephethini ephambene. I-viscosity yengxube entsha akuyona ukuphela kwepharamitha yokunquma ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
U-Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Ngosizo lwe-pulsed field gradient kanye namasu e-MRI, bathole ukuthi ukufuduka komswakama endaweni yokuhlangana kodaka ne-unsaturated substrate kuthintwa ukwengezwa kwenani elincane le-CE. Ukulahleka kwamanzi kungenxa yesenzo se-capillary kunokusabalalisa amanzi. Ukufuduka komswakama ngesenzo se-capillary kulawulwa ingcindezi ye-substrate micropore, yona enqunywa usayizi we-micropore kanye ne-Laplace theory interfacial tension, kanye ne-viscosity yamanzi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo ze-rheological zesisombululo se-aqueous CE ziyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, le nkolelo-mbono iphikisana nokuvumelana okuthile (ezinye izinto zokuthibela ezifana ne-molecular polyethylene oxide ephezulu nama-starch ethers awasebenzi njenge-CE).
UJean. U-Yves Petit, u-Erie Wirquin et al. isebenzise i-cellulose ether ngokuhlolwa, futhi i-viscosity yayo yesisombululo engu-2% yayisuka ku-5000 iye ku-44500mpa. S kusukela ku-MC kanye ne-HEMC. Thola:
1. Ngenani elinqunyiwe le-CE, uhlobo lwe-CE lunomthelela omkhulu ku-viscosity ye-adhesive mortar yama-tile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncintisana phakathi kwe-CE ne-polymer powder ehlakazekayo yokukhangisa kwezinhlayiya zikasimende.
2. I-adsorption yokuncintisana ye-CE kanye ne-rubber powder inomphumela ophawulekayo ngesikhathi sokumisa kanye ne-spalling lapho isikhathi sokwakha siyi-20-30min.
3. Amandla ebhondi athintwa ukubhanqa kwe-CE kanye nempuphu yerabha. Lapho ifilimu ye-CE ingakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama endaweni esibonakalayo yethayela nodaka, ukunamathela ngaphansi kokuphulukiswa kokushisa okuphezulu kuncipha.
4. Ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana kwe-CE kanye nempushana ye-polymer ehlakazekayo kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kwakhiwa ingxenye yodaka olunamathelayo lwamathayela.
I-LSchmitzC yaseJalimane. J. UDkt. H(a)cker ushilo esihlokweni ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HEMC ku-cellulose ether inendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amanzi odaka oluxutshwe okomile. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa inkomba yokugcinwa kwamanzi ethuthukisiwe ye-cellulose ether, kuyanconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-Cellulose ethers ashintshiwe asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza zodaka kanye nezakhiwo zodaka olomile nolukhuni.
1.3.2Isingeniso esifushane socwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
U-Xin Quanchang wase-Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology wafunda ithonya lama-polymer ahlukahlukene kwezinye izakhiwo zodaka oluhlanganisiwe, futhi wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyinhlanganisela ye-polymer powder ehlakazekayo kanye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka lokubopha, kodwa. futhi can Ingxenye yezindleko iyancipha; imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-latex powder e-redispersible kulawulwa ku-0.5%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kulawulwa ku-0.2%, udaka olulungisiwe alukwazi ukugoba. futhi amandla okubopha agqame kakhulu, futhi abe nokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nepulasitiki.
USolwazi Ma Baoguo wase-Wuhan University of Technology waveza ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela osobala wokuvinjelwa, futhi ingathinta uhlobo lwesakhiwo semikhiqizo ye-hydration kanye nesakhiwo se-pore ye-slurry kasimende; i-cellulose ether ikhangiswa ngokuyinhloko phezu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende ukuze kwakheke umphumela othile wokuvinjelwa. Ivimbela i-nucleation kanye nokukhula kwemikhiqizo ye-hydration; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cellulose ether ivimbela ukufuduka nokusabalalisa kwama-ion ngenxa yomphumela wayo osobala okhulayo we-viscosity, ngaleyo ndlela ibambezeleka ukugeleza kukasimende ngezinga elithile; i-cellulose ether inokusimama kwe-alkali.
U-Jian Shouwei wase-Wuhan University of Technology uphethe ngokuthi indima ye-CE odakeni ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezicini ezintathu: umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amanzi, umthelela wokungaguquguquki kodaka kanye ne-thixotropy, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-rheology. I-CE ayinikezi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodaka, kodwa futhi Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kwe-hydration ekuqaleni kukasimende futhi kubambezele inqubo ye-hydration kinetic kasimende, yiqiniso, ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezihlukene zokusebenzisa udaka, kukhona umehluko ezindleleni zayo zokuhlola ukusebenza. .
Udaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE lusetshenziswa ngendlela yodaka olunongqimba oluncane odakeni lwengxube eyomile yansuku zonke (njenge-brinder yezitini, i-putty, udaka olunamekwe oluthambile, njll.). Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokuvamile sihambisana nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokushesha kodaka. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluyinhloko lugxile ekunamatheleni kwamathayela obuso, futhi luncane ucwaningo ngezinye izinhlobo zodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE olucijile.
U-Su Lei wase-Wuhan University of Technology utholwe ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwezinga lokugcina amanzi, ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye nesikhathi sokumisa udaka olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether. Inani lamanzi liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi isikhathi se-coagulation side; lapho inani lamanzi lifinyelela ku-O. Ngemva kuka-6%, ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi akusabonakali, futhi isikhathi sokusetha sicishe siphindwe kabili; kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola lwamandla ayo okucindezela lubonisa ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungaphansi kuka-0.8%, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungaphansi kuka-0.8%. Ukwanda kuzonciphisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela; futhi mayelana nokusebenza kokubopha ngebhodi lodaka lukasimende, O. Ngaphansi kuka-7% wokuqukethwe, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okubopha.
U-Lai Jianqing we-Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. uhlaziye futhi waphetha ngokuthi umthamo ophelele we-cellulose ether uma ucubungula izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nenkomba yokungaguquguquki ingu-0 ngochungechunge lokuhlola izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla namandla ebhondi Udaka lwe-EPS lokufakwa kwe-thermal. 2%; i-cellulose ether inomphumela oqinile wokungenisa umoya, okuzobangela ukwehla kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kwamandla esibopho esiqinile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise kanye ne-polymer powder ephindwe kabusha.
U-Yuan Wei kanye no-Qin Min be-Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute benze ucwaningo nocwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kukhonkolo onegwebu. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi i-HPMC ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kakhonkolo wegwebu elisha futhi inciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kakhonkolo wegwebu oqinile; I-HPMC inganciphisa ukulahleka kokuwohloka kokhonkolo omusha wegwebu futhi inciphise ukuzwela kwengxube ekushiseni. ; I-HPMC izonciphisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela kakhonkolo wegwebu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwelapha zemvelo, inani elithile le-HPMC lingathuthukisa amandla esifanekiso ngokwezinga elithile.
U-Li Yuhai we-Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. uveze ukuthi uhlobo nenani lempushana ye-latex, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kanye nemvelo elaphayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekuphikisweni komthelela wodaka lokuplastwa. Umthelela we-cellulose ethers emandleni omthelela nawo awukho nhlobo uma uqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kwe-polymer nezimo zokwelapha.
U-Yin Qingli we-AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. usebenzise i-Bermocoll PADl, ibhodi ye-polystyrene elungiswe ngokukhethekile ehlanganisa i-cellulose ether, ocwaningweni, olulungele ngokukhethekile udaka olubophayo lwesistimu yokufaka udonga lwangaphandle lwe-EPS. I-Bermocoll PADl ingathuthukisa amandla okubopha phakathi kodaka nebhodi le-polystyrene ngaphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether. Ngisho nasendabeni yomthamo ophansi, akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokusebenza kodaka olusha, kodwa futhi kungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo amandla okuqala okubopha kanye namandla okubopha angavimbeli amanzi phakathi kodaka nebhodi le-polystyrene ngenxa ye-anchoring eyingqayizivele. ubuchwepheshe. . Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana komthelela wodaka kanye nokusebenza kokubopha ngebhodi le-polystyrene. Ukuze uthuthukise lezi zakhiwo, i-latex powder ephinda ihlakazeka kufanele isetshenziswe.
U-Wang Peiming ovela eNyuvesi yase-Tongji uhlaziye umlando wokuthuthukiswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano futhi wabonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ne-latex powder inomthelela ongeyena ongenandaba ezinkomba zokusebenza ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla aguquguqukayo kanye nokucindezela, kanye ne-elastic modulus ye-powder eyomile yezohwebo.
U-Zhang Lin kanye nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baphethe ngokuthi, odakeni oluyisibopho lwebhodi le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe eliliplasta ngodonga lwangaphandle lwesistimu yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo (okungukuthi uhlelo lwe-Eqos), kunconywa ukuthi inani eliphelele. i-powder yerabha ibe ngu-2.5% umkhawulo; i-viscosity ephansi, i-ether ye-cellulose elungiswe kakhulu iwusizo olukhulu ekwenzeni ngcono amandla ebhondi eqinile yodaka oluqinile.
U-Zhao Liqun we-Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. uveze esihlokweni ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, futhi iphinde inciphise ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana kwenqwaba namandla okucindezela odaka, futhi yandise ukulungiselelwa. isikhathi sodaka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zomthamo, i-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu inenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa amandla okucindezela ayancipha kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokusetha side. Impushana ejiyayo ne-cellulose ether iqeda ukushwabana kwepulasitiki kodaka ngokwenza ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka.
I-Fuzhou University u-Huang Lipin et al ufunde nge-doping ye-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ne-ethylene. Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye ne-cross-sectional morphology yodaka lukasimende oluguquliwe lwe-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Kutholakala ukuthi i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nomphumela ovelele wokungenisa umoya, kuyilapho izakhiwo zokunciphisa amanzi ze-latex powder kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zemishini zodaka zivelele kakhulu. Umphumela wokushintsha; futhi kukhona uhla lwemithamo olufanele phakathi kwama-polymer.
Ngochungechunge lwezilingo, u-Chen Qian nabanye abavela kwa-Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. bafakazele ukuthi ukwelula isikhathi esinyakazayo nokwandisa isivinini esishukumisayo kunganikeza ukudlala okuphelele endimeni ye-cellulose ether odakeni oluxutshwe ngomumo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka, nokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokunyakazisa. Isivinini esifushane kakhulu noma esinensa kakhulu sizokwenza udaka lube nzima ukwakha; ukukhetha i-cellulose ether efanele kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka oseluvele luxubile.
U-Li Sihan wase-Shenyang Jianzhu University kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi izingxube zamaminerali zinganciphisa ukuwohloka okomile kodaka futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zayo zemishini; isilinganiso se-lime nesihlabathi sinomthelela ezintweni zemishini kanye nezinga lokuncipha kodaka; redispersible polymer powder ingathuthukisa udaka. Ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela, amandla okuguquguquka, ukubumbana, ukumelana nomthelela nokumelana nokugqoka, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokusebenza; i-cellulose ether inomphumela wokungenisa umoya, ongathuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka; i-wood fiber ingathuthukisa udaka Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukusebenza, nokusebenza okungahambisani nokushelela, futhi kusheshise ukwakhiwa. Ngokungeza izixube ezihlukahlukene zokuguqulwa, futhi ngesilinganiso esinengqondo, udaka olumelana nokuqhekeka lohlelo lwangaphandle lokufakwa odongeni olushisayo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lungalungiswa.
U-Yang Lei wase-Henan University of Technology waxuba i-HEMC odakeni futhi wathola ukuthi inemisebenzi emibili yokugcina amanzi kanye nokujiya, okuvimbela ukhonkolo ofakwe emoyeni ukuthi ungasheshi ukumunca amanzi osimende olwakhiwe, futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi usimende udaka lugcwele amanzi ngokugcwele, okwenza udaka Inhlanganisela nokhonkolo ofakwe umoya kuqina futhi amandla esibopho aphakeme; kunganciphisa kakhulu ukubola kodaka lokukhonkoloka kokhonkolo ofakwe umoya. Lapho i-HEMC yengezwe odakeni, amandla aguquguqukayo odaka ancipha kancane, kuyilapho amandla okucindezela ancipha kakhulu, futhi ijika lesilinganiso sokucindezela i-fold-compression libonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HEMC kungathuthukisa ukuqina kodaka.
U-Li Yanling nabanye abavela e-Henan University of Technology bathola ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini zodaka oluhlanganisiwe zathuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi amandla esibopho sodaka, lapho ingxube ye-compound yengezwe (okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kwakungu-0.15%). Iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.33 kunodaka olujwayelekile.
U-Ma Baoguo wase-Wuhan University of Technology kanye nabanye bafunde imiphumela yemithamo ehlukene ye-styrene-acrylic emulsion, i-polymer powder ehlakazekayo, kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi, amandla ebhondi kanye nokuqina kodaka olunakiwe oluncane. , ithole ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-styrene-acrylic emulsion kungu-4% kuya ku-6%, amandla esibopho sodaka afinyelela inani elihle kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezela sasincane kakhulu; okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kukhuphukele ku-O. Ku-4%, amandla esibopho sodaka afinyelela ukugcwala, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezela sincane kakhulu; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-rubber powder kungu-3%, amandla okubopha osimende angcono kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa siyancipha ngokufaka impuphu yerabha. umkhuba.
U-Li Qiao nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baveze esihlokweni ukuthi imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether odakeni lukasimende ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukujiya, ukungena komoya, ukubambezeleka kanye nokwenza ngcono amandla ebhondi eqinile, njll. Lezi imisebenzi ihambisana Lapho uhlola nokukhetha i-MC, izinkomba ze-MC okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa i-viscosity, izinga lokushintshwa kwe-etherification, izinga lokuguqulwa, ukuzinza komkhiqizo, okuqukethwe okusebenzayo kwento, usayizi wezinhlayiyana nezinye izici. Lapho ukhetha i-MC emikhiqizweni eyahlukene yodaka, izidingo zokusebenza ze-MC ngokwayo kufanele zibekwe phambili ngokuya ngezidingo zokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethile yodaka, futhi izinhlobo ezifanele ze-MC kufanele zikhethwe ngokuhambisana nokwakheka kanye nemingcele yenkomba eyisisekelo ye-MC.
I-Qiu Yongxia yase-Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. ithole ukuthi ngokwanda kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka liyenyuka; uma izinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether zicolisa, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi; Ukuphakama kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether; ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lodaka.
U-Zhang Bin wase-Tongji University kanye nabanye baveze esihlokweni ukuthi izici zokusebenza zodaka oluguquliwe zihlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwe-viscosity yama-cellulose ethers, hhayi ukuthi ama-cellulose ether ane-viscosity ephezulu yegama anethonya elisobala ezicini zokusebenza, ngoba futhi ethintekile usayizi wezinhlayiyana. , izinga lokuqedwa nezinye izici.
U-Zhou Xiao kanye nabanye abavela ku-Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, i-China Cultural Heritage Research Institute bafunde umnikelo wezithasiselo ezimbili, i-polymer rubber powder kanye ne-cellulose ether, emandleni ebhondi ohlelweni lukadaka lwe-NHL (hydraulic lime), bathola ukuthi. elula Ngenxa yokushwabana okweqile kwe-lime ye-hydraulic, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele okuqina nge-interface yetshe. Inani elifanele le-polymer rubber powder kanye ne-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okubopha odaka lwe-NHL futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuqinisa izinsalela zamasiko nezinto zokuvikela; ukuze kuvinjwe Inomthelela ekungeneni kwamanzi kanye nokuphefumula kwe-NHL mortar ngokwayo kanye nokuhambisana nezinsalela zamasiko zamasiko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kokuqala kokubopha kwe-NHL mortar, inani elifanelekile lokwengeza le-polymer rubber powder lingaphansi kuka-0.5% kuya ku-1%, kanye nokwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether Inani lilawulwa cishe ngo-0.2%.
U-Duan Pengxuan kanye nabanye abavela e-Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science benza abahloli ababili be-rheological abazenzela bona ngesisekelo sokusungula imodeli ye-rheological yodaka olusha, futhi benza ukuhlaziya kwe-rheological kodaka olujwayelekile lwamatshe, udaka lokunamathisela nokunamathisela imikhiqizo ye-gypsum. I-denaturation yalinganiswa, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether zinenani elingcono lokuqala le-viscosity nokusebenza kokunciphisa i-viscosity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokwenyuka kwesivinini, okungacebisa isibophezelo sohlobo olungcono lokubopha, i-thixotropy kanye nokumelana nokushelela.
U-Li Yanling wase-Henan University of Technology kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odongeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili ye-cement hydration. Nakuba ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka namandla okucindezela odaka, kusakhuphula isilinganiso se-flexural-compression ratio namandla esibopho sodaka ngezinga elithile.
1.4Ucwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezixube kudaka ekhaya naphesheya
Embonini yezokwakha yanamuhla, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo nodaka kukhulu, futhi isidingo sikasimende siyanda. Ukukhiqizwa kukasimende kuyimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu amandla kanye nemboni yokungcola okuphezulu. Ukonga usimende kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izindleko nokuvikela imvelo. Njengengxenye esikhundleni sikasimende, ingxube yezimbiwa ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka nokhonkolo, kodwa futhi yonga usimende omningi ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetshenziswa okufanele.
Embonini yezinto zokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-admixtures kuye kwanda kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zikasimende ziqukethe inani elithile noma elincane lezixube. Phakathi kwabo, isamende ejwayelekile yasePortland esetshenziswa kakhulu yengezwa ngo-5% ekukhiqizeni. ~ 20% inhlanganisela. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene odaka kanye nokhonkolo, ukusetshenziswa kwezixube kubanzi kakhulu.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-admixtures odaka, ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside nolubanzi lwenziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
1.4.1Isethulo esifushane socwaningo lwangaphandle mayelana nokuxutshwa okufakwe kudaka
P. University of California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. ithole ukuthi enqubweni ye-hydration ye-gelling material, ijeli ayivuvukali ngevolumu elinganayo, futhi ingxube yamaminerali ingashintsha ukwakheka kwejeli le-hydrated, futhi ithole ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwejeli kuhlobene ne-divalent cations kujeli. . Inani lamakhophi libonise ukuhlobana okungalungile okubalulekile.
Kevin J. wase-United States. UFolliard noMakoto Ohta et al. wabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-silica fume nomlotha we-rice husk odakeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela, kuyilapho ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kunciphisa amandla, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni.
U-Philippe Lawrence kanye no-Martin Cyr base-France bathola ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezithako zamaminerali zingathuthukisa amandla odaka ngaphansi komthamo ofanele. Umehluko phakathi kwezixube ezihlukene zamaminerali awubonakali esigabeni sokuqala se-hydration. Esigabeni sakamuva se-hydration, ukwanda kwamandla okungeziwe kuthinteka ngomsebenzi we-mineral admixture, futhi ukwanda kwamandla okubangelwa i-inert admixture ayikwazi ukumane kubhekwe njengokugcwalisa. umphumela, kodwa kufanele kubalulwe emthelela ongokoqobo we-multiphase nucleation.
I-ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl yaseBulgaria i-Petar Abadjiev kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi izingxenye eziyisisekelo i-silica fume kanye nomlotha we-calcium ondizayo ophansi ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingokoqobo nezomshini zodaka lukasimende nokhonkolo oxutshwe nezingxube ze-pozzolanic ezisebenzayo, ezingathuthukisa amandla etshe likasimende. I-silica fume inomphumela obalulekile ekufakweni kokuqala kwezinto zikasimende, kuyilapho ingxenye yomlotha wempukane inomphumela obalulekile ekufakweni kwamanzi kamuva.
1.4.2Ukwethulwa kafushane kocwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezixube kudaka
Ngocwaningo lokuhlola, u-Zhong Shiyun no-Xiang Keqin baseNyuvesi yase-Tongji bathola ukuthi udaka oluyinhlanganisela oluguquliwe lokucoleka okuthile kwe-fly ash kanye ne-polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), lapho isilinganiso se-poly-binder sinqunywa ku-0.08, isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa udaka lwanda nge-The fineness and content of fly ash kuncipha ngokwanda komlotha wezimpukane. Kuhlongozwa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-fly ash kungaxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yezindleko eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kodaka ngokumane ukwandise okuqukethwe kwe-polymer.
U-Wang Yinong we-Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company uye wafunda ingxube yodaka esebenza kahle kakhulu, engathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka, inciphise izinga le-delamination, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lokubopha. Ilungele ukwenziwa kwamatshe kanye nokuplastwa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ane-aerated. .
U-Chen Miaomiao nabanye baseNanjing University of Technology bafunde umphumela wokuxutshwa kabili komlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali odakeni olomile ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zodaka, futhi bathola ukuthi ukungezwa kwezixube ezimbili akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza nokusebenza kwemishini. kwengxube. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini nazo zinganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko. Isilinganiso esinconyiwe sokuthatha indawo ka-20% womlotha wempukane kanye ne-mineral powder ngokulandelana, isilinganiso sodaka nesihlabathi singu-1:3, kanti isilinganiso samanzi nempahla singu-0.16.
UZhuang Zihao waseSouth China University of Technology walungisa isilinganiso se-water-binder, i-bentonite eshintshiwe, i-cellulose ether kanye nempushana yerabha, futhi wafunda izakhiwo zamandla odaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha okomile kwezingxube ezintathu zamaminerali, futhi wathola ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kufinyelelwe. Ngama-50%, i-porosity ikhula kakhulu futhi amandla ayancipha, futhi ingxenye efanelekile yezingxube ezintathu zamaminerali i-limestone powder engu-8%, i-30% ye-slag, kanye ne-4% ye-fly ash, engafinyelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. isilinganiso, inani elincanyelwayo lokushuba.
U-Li Ying wase-Qinghai University wenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zodaka oluxubene nezixube zamaminerali, futhi waphetha futhi wahlaziya ukuthi izingxube zamaminerali zingakwazi ukukhulisa i-particle gradation ye-powders, kanye nomphumela wokugcwalisa okuncane kanye ne-hydration yesibili ye-admixtures ingakwazi Ngokwezinga elithile, ukubumbana kodaka kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla awo.
U-Zhao Yujing wase-Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. usebenzise ithiyori yokuqina kokuphuka namandla okuphuka ukuze afunde umthelela wezingxube zamaminerali ekushwabaneni kukakhonkolo. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ingxube yamaminerali ingathuthukisa kancane ukuqina kokuphuka kanye namandla okuphuka kodaka; esimweni sohlobo olufanayo lwe-admixture, inani lokushintshwa kwe-40% ye-mineral admixture liyinzuzo kakhulu ekuqineni kokuphuka kanye namandla okuphuka.
U-Xu Guangsheng wase-Henan University waveza ukuthi lapho indawo ethize ye-mineral powder ingaphansi kwe-E350m2/l [g, umsebenzi uphansi, amandla e-3d acishe abe ngu-30% kuphela, futhi amandla e-28d athuthukela ku-0~90% ; kuyilapho ku-400m2 ikhabe g, amandla angu-3d Ingase isondele ku-50%, futhi amandla angu-28d angaphezulu kuka-95%. Ngokombono wezimiso eziyisisekelo ze-rheology, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwe-mortar fluidity kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, kufinyelelwa iziphetho eziningana: okuqukethwe komlotha okundiza okungaphansi kuka-20% kungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo uketshezi lodaka kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, kanye ne-mineral powder ku-Uma umthamo ungezansi. Amaphesenti angu-25, uketshezi lodaka lungakhuphuka kodwa izinga lokugeleza liyehla.
USolwazi Wang Dongmin wase-China University of Mining and Technology kanye noSolwazi Feng Lufeng wase-Shandong Jianzhu University baveze esihlokweni ukuthi ukhonkolo uyizinto ezinezigaba ezintathu ngokombono wezinto eziyinhlanganisela, okuwukuthi usimende unamathisele, i-aggregate, usimende unamathisele kanye neqoqo. I-interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ekuhlanganeni. I-ITZ iyindawo enamanzi amaningi, isilinganiso sendawo samanzi-samende sikhulu kakhulu, i-porosity ngemva kokufakwa kwe-hydration inkulu, futhi izobangela ukunothiswa kwe-calcium hydroxide. Le ndawo kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele imifantu yokuqala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele ukucindezeleka. Ukugxila kakhulu kunquma ukuqina. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwezixube kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amanzi e-endocrine endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo, kunciphise ukujiya kwendawo yokushintsha kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, futhi kuthuthukise amandla.
U-Zhang Jianxin waseNyuvesi yaseChongqing kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi ngokuguqulwa okuphelele kwe-methyl cellulose ether, i-polypropylene fiber, i-polymer powder ehlakazeka kabusha, kanye nezixube, udaka lokunameka oluxutshwe okomile olusebenza kahle lungalungiswa. Udaka olunakiwe oluxubene nokuqhekeka oluqinile lusebenza kahle, amandla ebhondi aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle. Izinga lezigubhu nokuqhekeka kuyinkinga evamile.
U-Ren Chuanyao wase-Zhejiang University kanye nabanye bafunde umphumela we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ezindaweni zodaka lomlotha wezimpukane, futhi bahlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kokuminyana okumanzi namandla acindezelayo. Kutholwe ukuthi ukwengeza i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether odakeni lomlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kunwebe isikhathi sokubopha udaka, futhi kunciphise ukuminyana okumanzi namandla okucindezela odaka. Kukhona ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokuminyana okumanzi namandla okucindezela angu-28d. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuminyana okumanzi okwaziwayo, amandla okucindezela angu-28d angabalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula efanelekile.
USolwazi uPang Lufeng kanye noChang Qingshan baseNyuvesi yaseShandong Jianzhu basebenzisa indlela yokuklama iyunifomu ukuze bahlole ithonya lezingxube ezintathu zomlotha wempukane, i-mineral powder ne-silica fume emandleni kakhonkolo, futhi babeka phambili ifomula yokubikezela enenani elithile elingokoqobo ngokuhlehla. ukuhlaziywa. , futhi ukuba nokwenzeka kwayo kwaqinisekiswa.
1.5Inhloso nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo
Njengesigqi esibalulekile esigcina amanzi, i-cellulose ether isetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni ukudla, udaka nokukhiqizwa kukakhonkolo nezinye izimboni. Njengengxube ebalulekile odakeni oluhlukahlukene, izinhlobonhlobo zama-cellulose ethers zinganciphisa kakhulu ukopha kodaka lwe-fluidity ephezulu, zithuthukise i-thixotropy kanye nobushelelezi bokwakhiwa kodaka, futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi namandla esibopho sodaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zamaminerali kuya ngokuya kusakazeka, okungaxazululi nje kuphela inkinga yokucubungula inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezimboni, kusindisa umhlaba futhi kuvikele imvelo, kodwa futhi kungashintsha imfucuza ibe yigugu futhi idale izinzuzo.
Kube khona izifundo eziningi mayelana nezingxenye zalezi zinsimbi ezimbili ekhaya naphesheya, kodwa azikho izifundo eziningi zokuhlola ezihlanganisa kokubili ndawonye. Inhloso yaleli phepha ukuxuba ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nezingxube zamaminerali kunamathisele usimende ngesikhathi esifanayo, udaka olumanzi oluningi kanye nodaka lwepulasitiki (kuthatha udaka oluyisibopho njengesibonelo), ngokuhlolwa kokuhlola koketshezi kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zemishini, umthetho wethonya wezinhlobo ezimbili zodaka lapho izingxenye zengezwa ndawonye uyafingqwa, okuzothinta i-cellulose ether yesikhathi esizayo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezingxube zamaminerali kunikeza inkomba ethile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli phepha lihlongoza indlela yokubikezela amandla odaka nokhonkolo ngokusekelwe kumbono wamandla we-FERET kanye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, engahlinzeka ngokubaluleka okuthile okuyisiqondiso kumklamo wesilinganiso sokuxuba kanye nokubikezela amandla kodaka nokhonkolo.
1.6Okuqukethwe kocwaningo okuyinhloko kwaleli phepha
Okuqukethwe kocwaningo olukhulu kuleli phepha kufaka:
1. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene, ukuhlolwa kokumanzi kwe-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka olunoketshezi oluningi kwenziwa, futhi imithetho yethonya yafingqwa futhi izizathu zahlaziywa.
2. Ngokungeza ama-cellulose ethers nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali odakeni olunamanzi amaningi nodaka oluyisibopho, hlola imiphumela yawo emandleni acindezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo, isilinganiso sokugoqa nokugoqa udaka lodaka olunoketshezi oluningi nodaka lwepulasitiki Umthetho wethonya kusibopho esiqinile. amandla.
3. Kuhlanganiswe nethiyori yamandla ye-FERET kanye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, kuhlongozwa indlela yokubikezela amandla odaka nokhonkolo lwezingxenye eziningi ze-cementitious.
Isahluko 2 Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezingxenye zazo zokuhlolwa
2.1 Izinto zokuhlola
2.1.1 Usimende (C)
Ukuhlola kusebenzise uhlobo lwe-PO "Shanshui Dongyue". 42.5 Usimende.
2.1.2 Mineral powder (KF)
Kukhethwe impushana ye-granulated blast furnace yezinga elingu-$95 evela e-Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 I-Fly Ash (FA)
I-grade II fly ash ekhiqizwe iJinan Huangtai Power Plant ikhethiwe, inhlawulo (isisefo esisele se-459m square hole sieve) ingu-13%, futhi isilinganiso sokufunwa kwamanzi singu-96%.
2.1.4 I-silica fume (sF)
I-silica fume ithatha intuthu ye-silica ye-Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ukuminyana kwayo ngu-2.59/cm3; indawo ethize ingu-17500m2/kg, kanti isilinganiso sikasayizi wezinhlayiyana singu-O. 1～0.39m, inkomba yemisebenzi engama-28d ingu-108%, isilinganiso sokufunwa kwamanzi ngu-120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex powder (JF)
Impushana yenjoloba yamukela i-Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (uhlobo lokubopha) kusuka ku-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 I-Cellulose ether (CE)
I-CMC yamukela i-CMC yebanga lokunamathela ku-Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., futhi i-HPMC isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose evela ku-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Ezinye izixube
I-heavy calcium carbonate, i-wood fiber, isixosha amanzi, i-calcium formate, njll.
2.1,8 isihlabathi sequartz
Isihlabathi sequartz esenziwe ngomshini sithatha izinhlobo ezine zokulunga: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh no-70.140 H, ukuminyana kungu-2650 kg/rn3, futhi ukushiswa kwesitaki kungu-1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 I-Polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder (PC)
I-polycarboxylate powder ye-Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ingu-1J1030, futhi izinga lokunciphisa amanzi lingama-30%.
2.1.10 Isihlabathi (S)
Kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esimaphakathi somfula i-Dawen e-Tai'an.
2.1.11 Isamba esiqinile (G)
Sebenzisa iJinan Ganggou ukukhiqiza itshe elichotshoziwe elingu-5" ~ 25.
2.2 Indlela yokuhlola
2.2.1 Indlela yokuhlola uketshezi oluludaka
Imishini yokuhlola: NJ. Ingxube kasimende yohlobo lwe-160, ekhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Izindlela zokuhlola nemiphumela zibalwa ngokwendlela yokuhlola yokumanzisa kokunamathisela usimende kuSithasiselo A se-"GB 50119.2003 Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe Eziwukhonkolo" noma ((i-GB/T8077--2000 Indlela Yokuhlola Ye-Homogeneousness ye-Concrete Admixtures). ).
2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola i-fluidity ye-fluidity high mortar
Imishini yokuhlola: JJ. Uhlobo 5 lokuhlanganisa usimende lukasimende, olukhiqizwe iWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Umshini wokuhlola ukucindezela udaka lwe-TYE-2000B, okhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Umshini wokuhlola wokugoba udaka lwe-TYE-300B, okhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Indlela yokuthola uketshezi olusasimende isekelwe ku- "JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials" kanye "ne-GB 50119-2003 Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe Eziwukhonkolo" I-Appendix A, usayizi we-cone die esetshenzisiwe, ubude bungu-60mm. , ububanzi bangaphakathi bembobo engaphezulu bungu-70mm, ububanzi bangaphakathi bembobo engezansi bungu-100mm, kanti ububanzi obungaphandle bembobo engezansi bungu-120mm, futhi isisindo esomile sodaka akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-2000g isikhathi ngasinye.
Imiphumela yokuhlola yama-fluidity amabili kufanele ithathe inani eliyisilinganiso lezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili eziqondile njengomphumela wokugcina.
2.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola yamandla ebhondi eqinile yodaka oluhlanganisiwe
Imishini yokuhlola eyinhloko: WDL. Thayipha umshini wokuhlola umhlaba wonke ongu-5, okhiqizwe i-Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Indlela yokuhlola yamandla ebhondi eqinile izosetshenziswa ngokubhekiselwa kuSigaba 10 se-(JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Isahluko 3. Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekunamathiseleni okumsulwa kanye nodaka lwento ehlanganisa usimende kanambambili yengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
I-Liquidity Impact
Lesi sahluko sihlola ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nenhlanganisela yezimbiwa ngokuhlola inani elikhulu lama-slurries asekelwe kusimende ahlanzekile kanye nodaka kanye nama-slurries amasistimu kasimende kanambambili anengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye noketshezi nokulahlekelwa kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umthetho womthelela wokusetshenziswa okuyinhlanganisela yezinto ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka, kanye nomthelela wezici ezihlukahlukene kuyafingqwa futhi kuhlaziywe.
3.1 Uhlaka lwephrothokholi yokuhlola
Uma kubhekwa umthelela we-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kohlelo lukasimende omsulwa kanye nezinhlelo zezinto zikasimende ezahlukahlukene, sifunda ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili:
1. i-puree. Inezinzuzo ze-intuition, ukusebenza okulula nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekutholweni kokuguquguquka kwezixube ezifana ne-cellulose ether ku-gelling material, futhi umehluko usobala.
2. Udaka lwe-fluidity ephezulu. Ukuzuza isimo sokugeleza okuphezulu futhi kungokuba kube lula ukulinganisa nokubuka. Lapha, ukulungiswa kwesimo sokugeleza kwereferensi kulawulwa ikakhulukazi ama-superplasticizers asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuze sinciphise iphutha lokuhlola, sisebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi se-polycarboxylate esivumelana nezimo ezibanzi kusimende, esizwela izinga lokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile.
3.2 Ukuhlolwa kokuthonya kwe-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa
3.2.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa
Iqondiswe ethonyeni le-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile, udaka lukasimende oluhlanzekile lwesistimu yezinto zikasimende zengxenye eyodwa lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ukuze kubonwe umthelela. Inkomba yereferensi eyinhloko lapha yamukela ukutholwa koketshezi olunembile kakhulu.
Izinto ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezithinta ukuhamba:
1. Izinhlobo zama-cellulose ethers
2. Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether
3. Isikhathi sokuphumula esilula
Lapha, silungise okuqukethwe kwe-PC ye-powder ku-0.2%. Amaqembu amathathu namaqembu amane okuhlola asetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Nge-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo we-0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, okungukuthi u-Og, 0.39, 0.69 (inani likasimende ekuhlolweni ngakunye ngu-3009). , ku-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, okungukuthi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity of purecement paste
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-CMC
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, ngokwemibandela ye-fluidity yokuqala, ngokungezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancane; i-fluidity yesigamu sehora yehle kakhulu ngomthamo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesigamu sehora se-fluidity yeqembu elingenalutho. Kuyi-20mm enkulu kuneyokuqala (lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuhlehliswa kwe-PC powder): -IJ, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane ku-0.1% umthamo, futhi iphinda inyuke ngomthamo we-0.2%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesilinganiso esifanayo, uketshezi lweqembu elingenalutho lwalukhulu kunawo wonke ngesigamu sehora, futhi lwehla ngehora elilodwa (lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ngemva kwehora elilodwa, izinhlayiya zikasimende zibonakala zigcwele amanzi kanye nokunamathela, i-inter-particle structure ekuqaleni yakhiwa, futhi i-slurry yavela ngaphezulu; i-fluidity yamaqembu e-C1 ne-C2 yehla kancane ngesigamu sehora, okubonisa ukuthi ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-CMC kwaba nomthelela othile kuhulumeni; ngenkathi kokuqukethwe kwe-C2, kube nokukhuphuka okukhulu ehoreni elilodwa, okubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe Umphumela womphumela wokuvinjelwa kwe-CMC ukhonya.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC, isenzakalo sokuklwejwa siqala ukuvela, okubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomphumela othile ekwandiseni i-viscosity yokunamathisela usimende, futhi umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-CMC ubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC. amabhamuza omoya.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kusuka kugrafu yomugqa womthelela wesikhathi sokuma ku-fluidity, kungabonakala ukuthi uketshezi ngesigamu sehora kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesokuqala nehora elilodwa, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, ukuthambekela kuba buthaka. Sekukonke, ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity akukukhulu, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okusobala ku-slurry, futhi inomphumela othile wokuvinjelwa.
Kungabonakala ekuqapheliseni ukuthi uketshezi luzwela ngokwedlulele kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC. Kububanzi bokuhlola, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kukhulu, kuncane uketshezi. Kunzima ngokuyisisekelo ukugcwalisa isikhunta se-fluidity cone ngokwaso ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lamanzi. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC, ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity okubangelwa isikhathi akukukhulu ku-slurry ehlanzekile.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Iqembu elingenalutho linesimo sokopha, futhi kungabonakala ekushintsheni okubukhali koketshezi ngomthamo wokuthi i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okunamandla kanye nomthelela wokujiya kune-CMC, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni isenzakalo sokopha. Amabhamuza amakhulu omoya akufanele aqondwe njengomphumela wokungena emoyeni. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokwenyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutshwe phakathi ngesikhathi sokunyakazisa awukwazi ukushaywa ube amabhamuza omoya amancane ngoba i-slurry i-viscous kakhulu.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kusukela kugrafu yomugqa wethonya lokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC (150,000) ku-fluidity, ithonya loshintsho lokuqukethwe ku-fluidity lisobala kakhulu kunalelo le-100,000 HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kuzonciphisa. ubumanzi.
Ngokuqondene nokubhekwa, ngokuya ngenkambo yonke yokushintsha koketshezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphumela wokuhlehlisa isigamu sehora we-HPMC (150,000) uyabonakala, kuyilapho umphumela we--4, mubi kakhulu kunalowo we-HPMC (100,000) .
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kwakuphuma igazi eqenjini elingenalutho. Isizathu sokuklwebha ipuleti kwakungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso samanzi nosimende we-slurry engezansi saba sincane ngemva kokopha, futhi udaka lwaluminyene futhi kunzima ukukhuhla epuleti lengilazi. Ukwengezwa kwe-HPMC kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni isenzakalo sokopha. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe, inani elincane lamabhamuza amancane laqala lavela kwase kuba amabhamuza amakhulu. Amabhamuza amancane abangelwa ikakhulukazi imbangela ethile. Ngokufanayo, amabhamuza amakhulu akufanele aqondwe njengomphumela wokungena emoyeni. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokwanda kwe-viscosity, umoya oxubene phakathi nenqubo yokunyakazisa ubonakala kakhulu futhi awukwazi ukuchichima odongeni.
3.3 Ukuhlolwa komthelela kwe-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry yezingxenye eziningi zezinto zikasimende
Lesi sigaba sihlola ikakhulukazi umthelela wokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezingxube ezimbalwa nama-cellulose ethers amathathu (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) ku-fluidity ye-pulp.
Ngokufanayo, amaqembu amathathu namaqembu amane okuhlola asetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Ku-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo ongu-0%, 0.10%, no-0.2%, okungukuthi 0g, 0.3g, kanye no-0.6g (umthamo usimende wokuhlolwa ngakunye ungama-300g). Ku-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, okungukuthi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Okuqukethwe kwe-PC ye-powder kulawulwa ku-0.2%.
I-fly ash kanye ne-slag powder ku-admixture yamaminerali ithathelwa indawo ngenani elifanayo lendlela yokuxuba yangaphakathi, futhi amazinga okuxuba aphakathi kuka-10%, 20% no-30%, okungukuthi, inani lokushintshwa ngu-30g, 60g no-90g. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ithonya lomsebenzi ophezulu, ukuncipha, kanye nesimo, okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kulawulwa ku-3%, 6%, no-9%, okungukuthi, 9g, 18g, kanye no-27g.
3.3.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry emsulwa ye-binary cementitious material
(1) Uhlelo lokuhlola ubumanzi bezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
(2) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi lwezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezingxube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
(3) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi lwezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000) kanye nezingxube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
3.3.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikasimende ezinezingxenye eziningi.
(1) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa koketshezi olumanzi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-CMC kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kungakhuphula ngempumelelo i-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry, futhi kuvame ukwanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe komlotha wempukane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-CMC kukhula, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane, futhi ukwehla okukhulu kungu-20mm.
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry ehlanzekile inganyuswa ngesilinganiso esiphansi se-mineral powder, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fluidity akusabonakali uma umthamo ungaphezu kuka-20%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani le-CMC ku-O. Ku-1%, i-fluidity iphezulu.
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume ngokuvamile kunomphumela omubi obalulekile ekuphumeni kokuqala kwe-slurry. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-CMC iphinde yehlise kancane uketshezi.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yehora eliyisigamu sezinto zikasimende ezihlanzekile kanambambili ezixutshwe ne-CMC kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fluidity ye-fly ash isigamu sehora kusebenza kahle ngesilinganiso esiphansi, kodwa kungase futhi kube ngenxa yokuthi kuseduze nomkhawulo wokugeleza we-slurry ehlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CMC isenokwehliswa okuncane koketshezi.
Ukwengeza, uma kuqhathaniswa noketshezi lokuqala nesigamu sehora, kungatholakala ukuthi umlotha omningi wempukane unenzuzo ukulawula ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi inani eliphelele le-powder yamaminerali alinawo umphumela omubi ocacile ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile isigamu sehora, futhi ukujwayelekile akunamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ku-fluidity ngesigamu sehora awubonakali, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kweqembu lokushintshwa kwe-mineral powder esikhundleni se-20% kusobala.
Kungabonakala ukuthi umthelela omubi we-fluidity we-slurry ehlanzekile nenani le-silica fume isigamu sehora usobala kakhulu kunowokuqala, ikakhulukazi umphumela ebangeni lika-6% kuya ku-9% ubonakala ngokucacile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ku-fluidity cishe ngo-30mm, okungaphezu kokuncipha kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC kuya kokuqala.
(2) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola uketshezi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi umphumela womlotha wempukane ekuphumeni kwamanzi ubonakala ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa kutholakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi umlotha wempukane awunawo umphumela osobala wokuthuthukisa ukopha. Ukwengeza, umphumela wokunciphisa we-HPMC ku-fluidity usobala kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ebangeni lika-0.1% kuya ku-0.15% wesilinganiso esiphezulu, ukwehla okuphezulu kungafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-50mm).
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-powder yamaminerali inomphumela omncane ku-fluidity, futhi ayithuthukisi kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukwengeza, umphumela wokunciphisa we-HPMC ku-fluidity ufinyelela ku-60mm ebangeni lika-0.1% ~0.15% wedosi ephezulu.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwe-fluidity ye-silica fume kubonakala kakhulu ebangeni elikhulu lemithamo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthu ye-silica inomphumela osobala wokuthuthukisa ukopha esivivinyweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-HPMC inomthelela osobala ekwehliseni uketshezi (ikakhulukazi ebangeni lemithamo ephezulu (0.1% ukuya ku-0.15%). Ngokuya ngezici ezinomthelela woketshezi, i-silica fume ne-HPMC idlala indima ebalulekile, futhi enye I-admixture isebenza njengensiza yokulungiswa okuncane.
Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngokuvamile, umphumela wezingxube ezintathu ku-fluidity ufana nenani lokuqala. Uma intuthu ye-silica isezingeni eliphezulu elingu-9% futhi okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-O. Esimeni sika-15%, isenzakalo sokuthi idatha ayikwazanga ukuqoqwa ngenxa yesimo esibi sodaka kube nzima ukugcwalisa isikhunta sekhoni. , okubonisa ukuthi i-viscosity ye-silica fume ne-HPMC inyuke kakhulu ngemithamo ephezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CMC, umphumela okhulayo we-viscosity we-HPMC usobala kakhulu.
(3) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola uketshezi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi i-HPMC (150,000) kanye ne-HPMC (100,000) banemiphumela efanayo ku-slurry, kodwa i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokwehla okukhudlwana kokugeleza kwamanzi, kodwa akubonakali, okumele kuhlotshaniswe nokuqedwa. ye-HPMC. Ijubane linobudlelwano obuthile. Phakathi kwezixube, umphumela wokuqukethwe komlotha we-fly ku-fluidity ye-slurry ngokuyisisekelo iqondile futhi ilungile, kanti u-30% wokuqukethwe ungandisa uketshezi ngo-20,-,30mm; Umphumela awubonakali, futhi umphumela wawo wokuthuthukisa ekuphumeni kwegazi unomkhawulo; ngisho nasezingeni elincane lethamo elingaphansi kuka-10%, intuthu ye-silica inomphumela osobala kakhulu ekwehliseni ukopha, futhi indawo yayo ethile engaphezulu icishe ibe yinkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunesikasimende. ukuhleleka kobukhulu, umphumela wokukhangisa kwawo kwamanzi ekuhambeni ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, ebangeni elihlukile lomthamo womthamo, izici ezithinta ukugcwala kwe-slurry, umthamo we-silica fume kanye ne-HPMC iyisici esiyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawula ukopha noma ukulawulwa kokugeleza. okusobala kakhulu, okunye Umphumela wezingxube ungowesibili futhi udlala indima yokusiza yokulungiswa.
Ingxenye yesithathu ifingqa umthelela we-HPMC (150,000) kanye nezixube ku-fluidity ye-pulp ehlanzekile ngesigamu sehora, okuvame ukufana nomthetho wethonya yenani lokuqala. Kungatholakala ukuthi ukwanda komlotha wempukane ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile isigamu sehora kubonakala kancane kunokwanda kwe-fluidity yokuqala, ithonya le-slag powder namanje alibonakali, futhi ithonya lokuqukethwe kwe-silica fume ku-fluidity. kusasobala kakhulu. Ukwengeza, mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, kunezinto eziningi ezingenakuthululwa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi umthamo wayo we-O. 15% unomphumela obalulekile ekwandiseni i-viscosity nokunciphisa uketshezi, futhi mayelana noketshezi ngesigamu. ihora, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lokuqala, i-O yeqembu le-slag. I-fluidity engu-05% ye-HPMC yehle ngokusobala.
Mayelana nokulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufakwa kwentuthu ye-silica kunomthelela omkhulu kuyo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi intuthu ye-silica inokucoleka okukhulu, umsebenzi ophezulu, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye nekhono elinamandla lokumunca umswakama, okuholela ekuzweleni okulinganiselwe. fluidity kuya isikhathi sokuma. Kuya.
3.4 Ukuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity yodaka olususelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi
3.4.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ekuncipheni kodaka olusekelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi
Sebenzisa udaka olunoketshezi oluningi ukuze ubone umphumela wawo ekusebenzeni. Inkomba yereferensi eyinhloko lapha ukuhlolwa koketshezi lodaka lokuqala nesigamu sehora.
Izinto ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezithinta ukuhamba:
1 izinhlobo ze-cellulose ethers,
2 Umthamo we-cellulose ether,
3 Isikhathi sokuma sodaka
3.4.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kodaka olususelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi.
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlola uketshezi lukasimende oluhlanzekile oluxutshwe ne-CMC
Isifinyezo nokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, ngokuya nge-fluidity yokuqala, ngokungezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancane, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kufinyelela ku-O. Ku-15%, kukhona ukwehla okusobala; ububanzi obunciphayo be-fluidity ngokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe ngesigamu sehora bufana nenani lokuqala.
2. Uphawu:
Uma sikhuluma, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-slurry ehlanzekile, ukufakwa kwama-aggregate odakeni kwenza kube lula ngamabhamuza omoya ukuba afakwe odongeni, futhi umphumela wokuvimba wamaqoqo ezindaweni ezophayo nakho kuzokwenza kube lula ngamabhamuza omoya noma ukopha ukuba kugcinwe. Ngakho-ke, endaweni edakayo, okuqukethwe kwebhamuza lomoya kanye nosayizi wodaka kufanele kube kukhulu futhi kukhulu kunokwe-slurry ehlanzekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC, uketshezi luyehla, okubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomphumela othile wokuqina odakeni, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-fluidity kwesigamu sehora kubonisa ukuthi amabhamuza aphuphuma ebusweni. ukwanda kancane. , okubuye kube ukubonakaliswa kokuvumelana okukhuphukayo, futhi lapho ukuguquguquka kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, ama-bubbles azoba nzima ukuchichima, futhi awekho ama-bubbles acacile azobonakala phezulu.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-HPMC (100,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CMC, i-HPMC inomphumela wokujiya onamandla. Umphumela nokugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono. Kusukela ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.1%, ububanzi bezinguquko ze-fluidity busobala kakhulu, futhi ukusuka ku-O. Ngemva kuka-1%, akukho ukuguqulwa kokuqala noma kwesigamu sehora ku-fluidity enkulu kakhulu.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kuyabonakala etafuleni nakumfanekiso ukuthi awekho ngokuyisisekelo amabhamuza emaqenjini amabili e-Mh2 ne-Mh3, okubonisa ukuthi i-viscosity yamaqembu amabili isivele inkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, okuvimbela ukuchichima kwamabhamuza odaka.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-HPMC (150,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amaningana anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, inkambiso evamile ukuthi kokubili ukuncipha kwamanzi okuqala nesigamu sehora kuyehla ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, futhi ukwehla kusobala kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-100,000, okubonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kwenza ikhule. Umphumela wokuqina uyaqiniswa, kodwa ku-O. Umthelela womthamo ongaphansi kuka-05% awubonakali, i-fluidity inoshintsho olukhulu ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.1%, futhi ukuthambekela kuphinda ku-0.1% kuze kufike ku-0.15%. Yehlisa ijubane, noma yeka ukushintsha. Uma kuqhathaniswa amanani okulahleka kwe-fluidity yesigamu sehora (uketshezi lokuqala kanye ne-fluidity yehora lesigamu) ye-HPMC enama-viscosities amabili, kungatholakala ukuthi i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inganciphisa inani lokulahlekelwa, okubonisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kanye nokusetha umphumela wokubuyisela emuva kangcono kunaleyo ye-viscosity ephansi.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Ngokuphathelene nokulawula ukopha, ama-HPMC amabili anomehluko omncane ekusebenzeni, kokubili okungagcina ngokuphumelelayo amanzi futhi ashube, aqede imiphumela emibi yokopha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo avumele ama-bubbles ukuba agcwale ngokuphumelelayo.
3.5 Ukuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity of high fluidity mortar yamasistimu ezinto ezihlukene zikasimende
3.5.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela wama-cellulose ethers ekuncipheni kodaka olunoketshezi oluningi lwamasistimu ezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikasimende
Udaka olune-fluidity ephezulu lusasetshenziswa ukuze kubonwe umthelela walo ekungeneni kwamanzi. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zenkomba ukutholwa koketshezi kodaka lwehora lokuqala nesigamu.
(1) Uhlelo lokuhlola lokumanzisa kodaka ngezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
(2) Uhlelo lokuhlola loketshezi olunodaka olune-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezinsimbi zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
(3) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi olunodaka olune-HPMC (i-viscosity 150,000) kanye nezinsimbi zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
3.5.2 Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekuncipheni kodaka oluwuketshezi oluningi ohlelweni lwezinto zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa.
(1) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa koketshezi olumanzi lukadaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-fluidity yokuqala, kungaphetha ngokuthi ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, i-fluidity yodaka ingathuthukiswa kancane; futhi i-silica fume inomthelela omkhulu ku-fluidity , ikakhulukazi ebangeni lokuhluka kokuqukethwe okungu-6%~9%, okuholela ekwehleni koketshezi olucishe lube ngu-90mm.
Emaqenjini amabili omlotha wempukane nempushana yamaminerali, i-CMC inciphisa uketshezi lodaka ngezinga elithile, kuyilapho eqenjini le-silica fume, O. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ngaphezu kuka-1% akusaphazamisi kakhulu uketshezi lodaka.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene.
Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-fluidity ngesigamu sehora, kungaphetha ngokuthi umphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-admixture ne-CMC ufana nowokuqala, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-CMC eqenjini le-mineral powder kushintsha kusuka ku-O. 1% kuya ku- O. Ushintsho luka-2% lukhulu, ngo-30mm.
Ngokuphathelene nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlotha wempukane unomphumela wokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa, kuyilapho i-mineral powder ne-silica fume izokwandisa inani lokulahlekelwa ngaphansi komthamo ophezulu. Imithamo engu-9% ye-silica fume idala ukuthi isikhunta sokuhlola singagcwaliswa ngokwaso. , i-fluidity ayikwazi ukulinganiswa ngokunembile.
(2) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusengaphethwa ngokuhlolwa ukuthi ukwengeza umlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, i-fluidity yodaka ingathuthukiswa kancane; Umthamo uzwela kakhulu, futhi iqembu le-HPMC elinethamo eliphezulu elingu-9% linezindawo ezifile, futhi uketshezi luyanyamalala.
Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kanye ne-silica fume nakho kuyizici ezisobala kakhulu ezithinta uketshezi lodaka. Umphumela we-HPMC ngokusobala mkhulu kunowe-CMC. Amanye ama-admixtures angathuthukisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
(3) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa koketshezi olumanzi lukadaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (viscosity 150,000) nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusengaphethwa ngokuhlolwa ukuthi ukwengeza umlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, uketshezi lodaka lungathuthukiswa kancane: i-silica fume isasebenza kahle kakhulu ekuxazululeni into yokopha, kuyilapho i-Fluidity iwumphumela omubi kakhulu, kodwa ingasebenzi kahle kunomphumela wayo kuma-slurries ahlanzekile. .
Inani elikhulu lamabala afile livele ngaphansi kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose ether (ikakhulukazi etafuleni le-fluidity yehora lesigamu), okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni uketshezi lodaka, futhi i-mineral powder kanye nomlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa ukulahlekelwa. of fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
3.5 Isifingqo Sesahluko
1. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa koketshezi lokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi
1. I-CMC inemiphumela ethile yokuhlehlisa kanye neyokufaka umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthakathaka, nokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC usobala, futhi unethonya elibalulekile kuhulumeni, futhi uketshezi lwehla kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe. Inomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, futhi ukuqina kuyabonakala. I-15% izodala amabhamuza amakhulu odaka, okuzolimaza amandla. Ngokukhula kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC, ukulahlekelwa okuncike esikhathini sokugeleza kwe-slurry kukhuphuke kancane, kodwa akubonakali.
2. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-slurry fluidity yesistimu ye-gelling kanambambili yengxube yamaminerali ehlukahlukene exutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi:
1. Umthetho wethonya wama-ether amathathu e-cellulose ku-fluidity of the slurry of the binary cementitious system of various mineral admixtures unezici ezifana nomthetho wethonya we-fluidity of the purecement slurry. I-CMC inomphumela omncane ekulawuleni ukopha, futhi inomphumela obuthakathaka ekunciphiseni uketshezi; izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zingandisa i-viscosity ye-slurry futhi zinciphise uketshezi ngokuphawulekayo, futhi leyo ene-viscosity ephakeme inomphumela osobala kakhudlwana.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, umlotha wempukane unezinga elithile lokuthuthuka ku-fluidity yokuqala nesigamu sehora le-slurry ehlanzekile, futhi okuqukethwe okungama-30% kungandiswa cishe ngo-30mm; umphumela we-mineral powder ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile ayinakho ukujwayelekile okusobala; i-silicon Nakuba okuqukethwe komlotha kuphansi, ubucwebe bayo obuyingqayizivele be-ultra-fineness, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye ne-adsorption eqinile kuyenza inciphise kakhulu i-fluidity ye-slurry, ikakhulukazi uma i-0.15% ye-HPMC yengezwe, kuzoba khona isikhunta se-cone esingakwazi ukugcwaliswa. Umkhuba.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali, futhi intuthu ye-silica ngokusobala inganciphisa inani lokopha.
4. Mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity kwesigamu sehora, inani lokulahlekelwa komlotha wempukane lincane, futhi inani lokulahlekelwa leqembu elihlanganisa i-silica fume likhudlwana.
5. Ohlelweni oluhlukahlukene lokuhlukahluka lokuqukethwe, izici ezithinta ukugeleza kodaka, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawula ukopha noma ukulawulwa kwesimo sokugeleza, kusobala ngokuqhathaniswa. Umthelela we-mineral powder kanye ne-mineral powder ungowesibili, futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
3. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa koketshezi lukasimende omsulwa oxutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi
1. Ngemva kokwengeza ama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, isenzakalo sokopha saqedwa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi uketshezi lodaka ngokuvamile lwehla. Ukuqina okuthile, umphumela wokugcina amanzi. I-CMC inemiphumela ethile yokubambezeleka kanye neyokufaka umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthakathaka, nokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Ngemva kokwengeza i-CMC, ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lodaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyanda, okungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi i-CMC iyi-ionic cellulose ether, okulula ukwenza imvula nge-Ca2+ kusimende.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-ether amathathu e-cellulose kubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomthelela omncane ku-fluidity, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugeleza kodaka kokuqukethwe kwe-1/1000, futhi leyo ene-viscosity ephakeme ingaphezulu kancane. sobala.
4. Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ethers zinomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, okuzokwenza ukuthi amabhamuza angaphezulu agcwale, kodwa lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, amabhamuza ahlala ku-slurry. i-slurry futhi ayikwazi ukuchichima.
5. Umphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-HPMC usobala, onomthelela omkhulu esimweni sengxube, futhi uketshezi luyancipha kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe, futhi ukuqina kuyabonakala.
4. Qhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-fluidity kwezimbiwa eziningi zikasimende ezixubile kanambambili ezixutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose.
Njengoba kubonakala:
1. Umthetho wethonya wama-ether amathathu e-cellulose ku-fluidity yodaka lwento eyizingxenye eziningi ufana nomthetho wethonya ku-fluidity of slurry pure. I-CMC inomphumela omncane ekulawuleni ukopha, futhi inomphumela obuthakathaka ekunciphiseni uketshezi; izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zingakhuphula i-viscosity yodaka futhi zinciphise uketshezi ngokuphawulekayo, kanti lena ene-viscosity ephakeme inomphumela osobala kakhudlwana.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, umlotha wempukane unezinga elithile lokuthuthuka ku-fluidity yokuqala nengxenye yehora ye-slurry ehlanzekile; ithonya le-slag powder ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile ayinakho ukujwayelekile okusobala; nakuba okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kuphansi, yayo I-ultra-fineness eyingqayizivele, ukusabela okusheshayo kanye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu wokunciphisa ku-fluidity ye-slurry. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlola yokunamathisela okuhlanzekile, kutholakala ukuthi umphumela we-admixtures uvame ukuba buthaka.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali, futhi intuthu ye-silica ngokusobala inganciphisa inani lokopha.
4. Ebangeni elihlukene lokwehluka lomthamo, izici ezithinta ukuguquguquka kodaka, umthamo we-HPMC kanye ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawulwa ukopha noma ukulawulwa kwesimo sokugeleza, kungaphezulu. okusobala, i-silica fume 9% Uma okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-0.15%, kulula ukubangela ukuba isikhunta sokugcwalisa sibe nzima ukugcwalisa, futhi umthelela wezinye izingxube ungowesibili futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
5. Kuzoba namabhamuza phezu kodaka olunoketshezi olungaphezu kuka-250mm, kodwa iqembu elingenalutho elingenayo i-cellulose ether ngokuvamile alinawo amabhamuza noma inani elincane kakhulu lamabhamuza, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomoya othile wokungenisa umoya. umphumela futhi wenze i-slurry viscous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-viscosity eyeqile yodaka olunoketshezi olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuthi amabhamuza omoya antante phezulu ngomphumela wokuzilinganisa we-slurry, kodwa agcinwe odakeni, futhi ithonya lawo emandleni alikwazi indiva.
Isahluko 4 Imithelela Ye-Cellulose Ethers Ezimpahleni Zomshini Zodaka
Isahluko esandulele sifunde umphumela wokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile kanye nodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity. Lesi sahluko sihlaziya ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene kudaka olumanzi oluphakeme kanye nomthelela wamandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka olubophayo, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okubopha okuqinile kodaka olubophayo kanye ne-cellulose ether namaminerali. izingxube nazo ziyafingqwa futhi zihlaziywe.
Ngokocwaningo mayelana nokusebenza kokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kuya ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende zokunamathisela okuhlanzekile nodaka eSahlukweni 3, esicini sokuhlolwa kwamandla, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungu-0.1%.
4.1 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezelayo nokuguquguqukayo kodaka olumanzi olumanzi
Amandla acindezelayo naguquguqukayo wengxube yamaminerali nama-cellulose ethers kudaka olufakwe uketshezi oluningi aphenyiwe.
4.1.1 Ukuhlolwa komthelela emandleni acindezelayo namandla aguqukayo odaka olususelwe kusimende olunamanzi amaningi
Umthelela wezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ether ezimpahleni ezicindezelayo neziguquguqukayo zodaka olusekwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi ngeminyaka ehlukahlukene kokuqukethwe okungashintshi okungu-0.1% kwenziwe lapha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla okuqala: Ngokuphathelene namandla okuguquguquka, i-CMC inomphumela othile wokuqinisa, kuyilapho i-HPMC inomphumela othile wokunciphisa; mayelana namandla okucindezela, ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunomthetho ofanayo namandla okuguquguquka; i-viscosity ye-HPMC ithinta amandla amabili. Inomphumela omncane: ngokwesilinganiso se-pressure-fold ratio, womathathu ama-cellulose ether anganciphisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso se-pressure-fold ratio futhi athuthukise ukuguquguquka kodaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150,000 inomphumela osobala kakhulu.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhathaniswa kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa
Ukuhlaziya amandla ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa: Mayelana namandla okuguquguquka namandla okucindezela, kunomthetho ofanayo namandla wezinsuku ezintathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugoqa ukucindezela kwezinsuku ezintathu, kukhona ukunyuka okuncane kwamandla okugoqa ukucindezela. Nokho, ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha yenkathi efanayo yobudala kungabona umphumela we-HPMC ekwehlisweni kwesilinganiso sokugoqa ingcindezi. kusobala ngokuqhathaniswa.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhathaniswa kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili
Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili: Ngokuphathelene namandla aguquguqukayo namandla okucindezela, kunemithetho efanayo namandla ezinsuku ezintathu. Amandla e-flexural akhula kancane, futhi amandla okucindezela asakhula ngezinga elithile. Ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha yenkathi efanayo yobudala kubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inomphumela osobala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa.
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwamandla kwalesi sigaba, kutholakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-brittleness of mortar kunqunyelwe yi-CMC, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isilinganiso sokucindezela-ukugoqa siyakhuphuka, okwenza udaka lube brittle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umphumela wokugcina amanzi ujwayeleke kakhulu kunalowo we-HPMC, i-cellulose ether esiyicabangela ukuhlolwa kwamandla lapha yi-HPMC yama-viscosity amabili. Nakuba i-HPMC inomphumela othile ekwehliseni amandla (ikakhulukazi amandla okuqala), kuyazuzisa ukwehlisa isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-refraction, okuzuzisa ukuqina kodaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganiswe nezici ezithinta uketshezi eSahlukweni 3, ocwaningweni lokuhlanganisa okuxubekile kanye ne-CE Ekuhlolweni komphumela, sizosebenzisa i-HPMC (100,000) njenge-CE efanayo.
4.1.2 Ukuhlolwa komthelela wamandla acindezelayo namandla aguqukayo we-mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka oluxutshwe nezixube esahlukweni esandulele, kungabonakala ukuthi uketshezi lwe-silica fume luwohloka ngokusobala ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu samanzi, nakuba ngokwethiyori lungathuthukisa ukuminyana namandla ngezinga elithile. , ikakhulukazi amandla okucindezela, kodwa kulula ukwenza isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-kuya-goqeka sibe sikhulu kakhulu, okwenza isici se-mortar brittleness siphawuleke, futhi kuwukuvumelana ukuthi i-silica fume yandisa ukushwabana kodaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuntuleka kohlaka lwamathambo e-aggregate eqinile, inani le-shrinkage lodaka likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo. Odakeni (ikakhulukazi udaka olukhethekile olufana nodaka olubophayo nodaka lokuplasta), umonakalo omkhulu uvamise ukushwabana. Ngokuqhekeka okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, amandla ngokuvamile akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-silica fume yalahlwa njenge-admixture, futhi kuphela umlotha wempukane kanye ne-mineral powder yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola umphumela womphumela wayo oyinhlanganisela ne-cellulose ether emandleni.
4.1.2.1 Uhlelo lokuhlola amandla acindezelayo naguquguqukayo lodaka olunoketshezi oluningi
Kulesi sivivinyo, ingxenye yodaka ku-4.1.1 isetshenzisiwe, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kulungiswe ku-0.1% futhi kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho. Izinga lomthamo wokuhlolwa kwe-admixture ngu-0%, 10%, 20% no-30%.
4.1.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla acindezelayo naguqukayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kodaka olunoketshezi oluningi
Kungabonakala enanini lokuhlola amandla acindezelayo ukuthi amandla okucindezela angu-3d ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC cishe angaphansi ngo-5/VIPa kunalawo eqembu elingenalutho. Ngokuvamile, ngokwanda kwenani le-admixture engeziwe, amandla okucindezela abonisa inkambiso enciphayo. . Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, amandla eqembu le-powder yamaminerali ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yiyona engcono kakhulu, kuyilapho amandla eqembu lomlotha we-fly aphansi kancane kuneqembu le-mineral powder, okubonisa ukuthi i-mineral powder ayisebenzi njengosimende, futhi ukufakwa kwayo kuzonciphisa kancane amandla okuqala ohlelo. Umlotha wempukane ongasebenzi kahle unciphisa amandla ngokusobala. Isizathu sokuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umlotha wempukane ubamba iqhaza ngokuyinhloko ku-hydration yesibili kasimende, futhi awufaki isandla kakhulu emandleni okuqala odaka.
Kungabonakala kumanani wokuhlola amandla aguquguqukayo ukuthi i-HPMC isenomphumela omubi emandleni aguquguqukayo, kodwa lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kuphezulu, into yokunciphisa amandla e-flexural ayisabonakali. Isizathu kungaba umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC. Izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi endaweni yokuhlola ibhulokhi lehlisa ijubane, futhi amanzi okukhipha amanzi anele ngokwanele.
Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, amandla okuguquguquka abonisa umkhuba oyancipha ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-admixture, futhi amandla aguquguqukayo eqembu le-mineral powder nawo akhulu kancane kuneqembu le-fly ash, okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-mineral powder mkhulu kunomlotha wempukane.
Kungabonakala enanini elibaliwe lesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kuzokwehlisa ngokuphumelelayo isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka kodaka, kodwa empeleni kuyizindleko zokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla okucindezela.
Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, njengoba inani le-admixture landa, isilinganiso se-compression-fold ratio sivame ukwanda, okubonisa ukuthi i-admixture ayihambisani nokuguquguquka kodaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungatholakala ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela kwe-compression-fold mortar ngaphandle kwe-HPMC sikhuphuka ngokungezwa kwe-admixture. Ukwenyuka kukhudlwana kancane, okungukuthi, i-HPMC ingathuthukisa i-embrittlement yodaka olubangelwa ukungezwa kwezixube ngezinga elithile.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngenxa yamandla okucindezela we-7d, imiphumela emibi ye-admixtures ayisabonakali. Amanani wamandla acindezelayo acishe afane ezingeni ngalinye lomthamo we-admixture, futhi i-HPMC isenobubi obusobala kumandla okucindezela. umphumela.
Kungabonakala ukuthi mayelana namandla aguquguqukayo, i-admixture inomphumela omubi ku-7d ukumelana ne-flexural iyonke, futhi kuphela iqembu lama-powders amaminerali enza kangcono, ngokuyisisekelo agcinwe ku-11-12MPa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-admixture inomphumela omubi ngokwesilinganiso sokuhlehlisa. Ngokukhula kwenani le-admixture, isilinganiso se-indentation sikhula kancane kancane, okungukuthi, udaka luyi-brittle. I-HPMC ngokusobala inganciphisa isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi ithuthukise ukubola kodaka.
Kungabonakala ukuthi kusukela emandleni okucindezela angu-28d, i-admixture idlale umphumela onenzuzo osobala kakhulu emandleni akamuva, futhi amandla okucindezela anyuswe ngo-3-5MPa, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi umphumela wokugcwalisa okuncane kwe-admixture. kanye ne-pozzolanic substance. Umphumela wesibili we-hydration wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasebenzisa futhi udle i-calcium hydroxide ekhiqizwa usimende hydration (i-calcium hydroxide iyisigaba esibuthakathaka odakeni, futhi ukunothisa kwayo endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo kulimaza amandla), ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe Imikhiqizo eminingi yokufaka amanzi emzimbeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhuthaza idigri ye-hydration kasimende futhi yenze udaka luminyene kakhulu. I-HPMC isenomphumela omubi obalulekile emandleni acindezelayo, futhi amandla abuthakathaka angafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-10MPa. Ukuhlaziya izizathu, i-HPMC yethula inani elithile lamabhamuza omoya enqubweni yokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukubumbana komzimba wodaka. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu. I-HPMC ikhangiswa kalula ebusweni bezinhlayiya eziqinile ukuze yenze ifilimu, ivimbele inqubo yokugeleza kwamanzi, futhi indawo yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo ibuthakathaka, engahambisani namandla.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwamandla e-28d eguquguqukayo, idatha inokusabalalisa okukhulu kunamandla okucindezela, kodwa umphumela omubi we-HPMC usengabonakala.
Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngokombono wesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa, i-HPMC ngokuvamile inenzuzo ukunciphisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kodaka. Eqenjini elilodwa, ngokwanda kwenani le-admixtures, isilinganiso sokucindezela-refraction siyakhula. Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu kubonisa ukuthi i-admixture inentuthuko esobala emandleni okucindezela kamuva, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okulinganiselwe emandleni aguquguqukayo kamuva, okuholela ku-compression-refraction ratio. ngcono.
4.2 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezelwa nokuguquguquka kodaka oluboshiwe
Ukuze uhlole umthelela we-cellulose ether kanye ne-admixture kumandla acindezelayo namandla aguquguqukayo odaka oluhlanganisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwalungisa okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) njengo-0.30% wesisindo esomile sodaka. futhi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho.
Ama-Admixtures (fly ash kanye ne-slag powder) asahlolwa ku-0%, 10%, 20%, kanye no-30%.
4.2.1 Isikimu sokuhlola amandla acindezelayo naguqukayo wodaka oluhlanganisiwe
4.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela wamandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka oluhlanganisiwe
Kungabonakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi i-HPMC ngokusobala ayilungile ngokwamandla okucindezela angama-28d odaka olubophayo, okuzokwenza amandla ehle cishe ngo-5MPa, kodwa inkomba eyinhloko yokwahlulela ikhwalithi yodaka lokubopha akuyona amandla okucindezela, ngakho-ke kuyamukeleka; Uma okuqukethwe okuyinhlanganisela kungu-20%, amandla okucindezela alungile uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi ngokombono wamandla aguquguqukayo, ukuncishiswa kwamandla okubangelwa i-HPMC akukukhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi udaka oluyisibopho lunokungamanzi kahle nezici zepulasitiki ezisobala uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olunoketshezi oluningi. Imiphumela emihle yokushelela nokugcinwa kwamanzi kuqeda ngempumelelo eminye yemiphumela engemihle yokwethulwa kwegesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukubumbana kanye nokuba buthaka kwesixhumi esibonakalayo; izingxube azinawo umthelela osobala emandleni aguquguqukayo, futhi idatha yeqembu lomlotha wezimpukane ishintshashintsha kancane.
Kungabonakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi, ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezela, ngokuvamile, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-admixture kwandisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezela, okungathandeki ekuqineni kodaka; I-HPMC inomphumela omuhle, onganciphisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ingcindezi ngo-O. 5 ngenhla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngokusho kwe- "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", ngokuvamile akukho mfuneko eyisibopho. ngokwesilinganiso sokugoqeka kokucindezelwa kunkomba yokutholwa kodaka olubophayo, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuze kukhawulwe ukushwabana kodaka olukhonkolo, futhi le nkomba isetshenziswa kuphela njengereferensi yokuguquguquka kokubopha. udaka.
4.3 Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina Kwebhondi Kodaka Lwe-Bonding
Ukuze uhlole umthetho womthelela wokusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ye-cellulose ether kanye nengxube kumandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, bheka "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" kanye "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation System", senze ukuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi yodaka oluhlanganisayo, sisebenzisa isilinganiso sodaka lwebhondi kuThebula 4.2.1, futhi silungisa okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kuya ku-0 wesisindo esomile sodaka .30% , futhi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho.
Ama-Admixtures (fly ash kanye ne-slag powder) asahlolwa ku-0%, 10%, 20%, kanye no-30%.
4.3.1 Uhlelo lokuhlola amandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
4.3.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi engu-14d yodaka olubophezelayo nodaka lukasimende
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi amaqembu angezwe nge-HPMC angcono kakhulu kuneqembu elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inenzuzo emandleni okubopha, ikakhulukazi ngoba umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC uvikela amanzi ekuxhumaneni kwesibopho phakathi kodaka nodaka. ibhulokhi yokuhlola udaka lukasimende. I-bonding mortar esibonakalayo inamanzi ngokugcwele, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa amandla ebhondi.
Ngokuphathelene nezixube, amandla ebhondi aphakeme kakhulu kumthamo we-10%, futhi nakuba i-hydration degree kanye nesivinini sikasimende singathuthukiswa ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, kuzoholela ekwehleni kwezinga eliphelele le-hydration ye-cementitious. impahla, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukunamathela. ukuncipha kwamandla efindo.
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi ngokwenani lokuhlola lokuqina kwesikhathi sokusebenza, idatha ihluke kakhulu, futhi ingxubevange inomphumela omncane, kodwa ngokuvamile, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwasekuqaleni, kuba khona ukwehla okuthile, futhi ukuncipha kwe-HPMC kuncane kunalelo kweqembu elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi Kuphetha ngokuthi umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC unenzuzo ekwehliseni ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi, ukuze ukuncipha kwamandla ebhondi yodaka kwehle ngemva kwe-2.5h.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi engu-14d yodaka lokubopha kanye nebhodi le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi inani lokuhlola lamandla ebhondi phakathi kodaka lokubopha kanye nebhodi le-polystyrene lihluke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kungabonakala ukuthi iqembu elixutshwe ne-HPMC lisebenza kangcono kuneqembu elingenalutho ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono. Nokho, ukufakwa kwezixube kunciphisa ukuzinza kokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi.
4.4 Isifingqo Sesahluko
1. Ngodaka olunoketshezi oluningi, ngokukhula kweminyaka, isilinganiso sokugoqa esicindezelayo sinenkambiso ekhuphukayo; ukufakwa kwe-HPMC kunomphumela osobala wokunciphisa amandla (ukwehla kwamandla okucindezela kubonakala kakhudlwana), okubuye kuholele ekunciphiseni isilinganiso sokugoqa, okungukuthi, i-HPMC inosizo olusobala ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kodaka. . Ngokwamandla wezinsuku ezintathu, umlotha womlotha kanye ne-mineral powder ungenza umnikelo omncane emandleni ku-10%, kuyilapho amandla ehla ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sikhuphuka ngokunyuka kwezingxube zamaminerali; emandleni ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, Izingxube ezimbili zinethonya elincane emandleni, kodwa umphumela jikelele wokunciphisa amandla omlotha wempukane usabonakala; ngokwamandla ezinsuku ezingu-28, lezi zingxube ezimbili ziye zaba nomthelela emandleni, ukucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Zombili zinyuswe kancane, kodwa isilinganiso se-pressure-fold sanda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe.
2. Ngamandla we-28d okucindezelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kodaka oluhlanganisiwe, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kungu-20%, ukusebenza kwamandla okucindezelayo nokuguquguqukayo kungcono, futhi i-admixture isaholela ekwandeni okuncane kwe-compressive-fold ratio, ebonisa i-Adverse yayo. umphumela ekuqineni kodaka; I-HPMC iholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla, kodwa inganciphisa kakhulu isilinganiso sokuminyanisa ukuze sigoqe.
3. Mayelana namandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, i-HPMC inomthelela othile omuhle emandleni ebhondi. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umphumela wawo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa umswakama wodaka futhi uqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele; Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwengxube abujwayelekile, futhi ukusebenza kukonke kungcono ngodaka lukasimende lapho okuqukethwe kungu-10%.
Isahluko 5 Indlela Yokubikezela Amandla Acindezelayo Odaka Nokhonkolo
Kulesi sahluko, kuhlongozwa indlela yokubikezela amandla ezinto ezisekelwe kusimende ngokusekelwe ku-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixture kanye nethiyori yamandla ye-FERET. Okokuqala sicabanga ngodaka njengohlobo olukhethekile lukakhonkolo olungenayo izilinganiso eziqinile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi amandla okucindezela ayinkomba ebalulekile yezinto ezisekelwe kusimende (ukhonkolo nodaka) ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Nokho, ngenxa yezici eziningi ezinethonya, ayikho imodeli yezibalo engabikezela ngokunembile ukuqina kwayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kodaka nokhonkolo. Amamodeli akhona wamandla okhonkolo anezinzuzo zawo siqu kanye nokubi: abanye babikezela amandla okhonkolo ngokusebenzisa i-porosity yekhonkrithi kusukela endaweni evamile yokubuka i-porosity yezinto eziqinile; okunye kugxile ethonyeni lobudlelwano besilinganiso se-water-binder emandleni. Leli phepha lihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-pozzolanic admixture nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, futhi lenza ukuthuthukiswa okuthile ukuze lenze linembe kakhulu ukubikezela amandla okucindezela.
5.1 Ithiyori Yamandla kaFeret
Ngo-1892, uFeret wasungula imodeli yokuqala yezibalo yokubikezela amandla acindezelayo. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe zikakhonkolo ezinikeziwe, ifomula yokubikezela amandla kakhonkolo ihlongozwa okokuqala ngqa.
Inzuzo yale fomula ukuthi ukugxila kwe-grout, okuhambisana namandla okukhonkolo, kunencazelo echazwe kahle yomzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya lokuqukethwe komoya liyacatshangelwa, futhi ukufaneleka kwefomula kungafakazelwa ngokomzimba. Isizathu sale fomula ukuthi iveza ulwazi lokuthi kunomkhawulo wamandla okukhonkolo angatholakala. Ububi ukuthi alinaki ithonya losayizi wezinhlayiyana ezihlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwezinhlayiyana kanye nohlobo lwe-aggregate. Uma ubikezela amandla kakhonkolo eminyakeni ehlukene ngokulungisa inani lika-K, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla ahlukene nobudala buvezwa njengesethi yokuhlukana ngomsuka wokuxhumanisa. Ijika alihambisani nesimo sangempela (ikakhulukazi uma iminyaka iyinde). Kunjalo, le fomula ehlongozwa yi-Feret yakhelwe udaka lwe-10.20MPa. Ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokugcwele nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okucindezela ukhonkolo kanye nomthelela wezingxenye ezikhulayo ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokhonkolo.
Kucatshangelwa lapha ukuthi amandla kakhonkolo (ikakhulukazi ukhonkolo ovamile) ngokuyinhloko kuncike emandleni odaka lukasimende kukhonkolo, futhi amandla odaka lukasimende kuncike ekugxilweni kokunamathisela usimende, okungukuthi, iphesenti levolumu. wezinto zikasimende ezinamathiselwe.
Ithiyori ihlobene eduze nomthelela we-void ratio factor emandleni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi inkolelo-mbono yabekwa ngaphambili, ithonya lezingxenye ze-admixture kumandla okhonkolo alizange licatshangelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, leli phepha lizokwethula i-coefficient ye-admixture esekelwe ku-coefficient yomsebenzi ukuze kulungiswe ingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesisekelo sale fomula, i-coefficient yethonya ye-porosity emandleni okhonkolo yakhiwa kabusha.
5.2 I-coefficient yomsebenzi
I-coefficient yomsebenzi, i-Kp, isetshenziselwa ukuchaza umthelela wezinto ze-pozzolanic kumandla okucindezela. Ngokusobala, kuncike esimweni sezinto ze-pozzolanic ngokwayo, kodwa futhi neminyaka yokukhonkolo. Umgomo wokunquma i-coefficient yomsebenzi ukuqhathanisa amandla okucindezela odaka olujwayelekile namandla okucindezela omunye udaka olunezingxube ze-pozzolanic futhi esikhundleni sikasimende ufake inani elifanayo lekhwalithi yesimende (izwe p ukuhlolwa kwe-coefficient yomsebenzi. Sebenzisa i-surrogate amaphesenti). Isilinganiso salokhu kuqina okubili kubizwa ngokuthi i-coefficient yomsebenzi FO), lapho u-t kuwubudala bodaka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma i-fO) ingaphansi kuka-1, umsebenzi we-pozzolan ungaphansi kokasimende r. Ngokuphambene, uma i-fO) inkulu kuno-1, i-pozzolan inokuphinda isebenze kabusha (lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma i-silica fume yengezwa).
Okokusebenza okuvamise ukusetshenziswa kumandla okucindezela ezinsuku ezingama-28, ngokusho ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder esetshenziswa usimende nokhonkolo) H90, i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-granulated blast furnace slag powder isesimende esivamile sikasimende Isilinganiso samandla etholwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sika-50% usimende ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash esetshenziswa usimende nokhonkolo), i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-fly ash itholakala ngemva kokufaka i-30% ye-cement ngesisekelo sosimende ojwayelekile we-cement; ukuhlolwa Ngokusho kwe-"GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-silica fume isilinganiso samandla esitholwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sika-10% usimende ngesisekelo sokuhlola okujwayelekile kukasimende.
Ngokuvamile, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder Kp=0.95～1.10, fly ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Sicabanga ukuthi umphumela wawo emandleni uzimele usimende. Okusho ukuthi, indlela yokusabela kwe-pozzolanic kufanele ilawulwe ukuphinda kusebenze kwe-pozzolan, hhayi ngezinga lemvula ye-lime ye-cement hydration.
5.3 Ithonya i-coefficient ye-admixture emandleni
5.4 Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emandleni
5.5 Ithonya i-coefficient yokubunjwa okuhlanganisiwe kumandla
Ngokwemibono yosolwazi u-PK Mehta kanye ne-PC Aitcin e-United States, ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu namandla ezakhiwo ze-HPC ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso sevolumu yodaka lukasimende ukuhlanganisa kufanele sibe ngu-35:65 [4810] Ngoba of the plasticity jikelele kanye fluidity Inani eliphelele lokuhlanganisa ukhonkolo alishintshi kakhulu. Inqobo nje uma amandla engqikithi yesisekelo esihlanganisiwe ngokwawo ehlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa, umthelela yenani eliphelele lesamba samandla awanakwa, futhi ingxenye ephelele yengxenye inganqunywa phakathi kuka-60-70% ngokuya ngezidingo zokuwohloka. .
Kukholelwa ukuthi isilinganiso sama-coarse and fine aggregates sizoba nomthelela othile emandleni kakhonkolo. Njengoba sonke sazi, ingxenye ebuthaka kakhulu kukhonkolo indawo yokushintsha kwesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-aggregate nosimende nokunye okunamathiselwe kwe-cementitious material. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluleka kokugcina kokukhonkolo okuvamile kungenxa yokulimala kokuqala kwendawo yokuguqula isixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okubangelwa izici ezifana nomthwalo noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemifantu. Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi lifana, lapho indawo yokuguqula isixhumi esibonakalayo iba nkulu, kulula ukuqhekeka kokuqala kube ukuqhekeka okude ngemuva kokugxilisa ingcindezi. Okusho ukuthi, uma ama-aggregate amaholoholo anomumo wejiyomethri ovamile kanye nezikali ezinkulu endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo, aba makhulu amathuba okugxilisa ingqondo emifantwini yokuqala, kanye nokubonakaliswa okukhulu kokuthi amandla kakhonkolo ayanda ngokwanda kweqoqo elimahhadla. isilinganiso. kuncishisiwe. Nokho, isisekelo esingenhla siwukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba kube isihlabathi esimaphakathi esinodaka oluncane kakhulu.
Izinga lesihlabathi nalo linethonya elithile ekuwohlokeni. Ngakho-ke, izinga lesihlabathi lingasethwa kusengaphambili yizidingo zokuwohloka, futhi linganqunywa phakathi kuka-32% kuya ku-46% kokhonkolo ojwayelekile.
Inani kanye nenhlobonhlobo yezixube nezixube zamaminerali kunqunywa ngengxube yesilingo. Kukhonkolo ojwayelekile, inani lengxube yamaminerali kufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-40%, kuyilapho kukhonkolo yamandla aphezulu, intuthu ye-silica akufanele idlule u-10%. Isamba sikasimende akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwama-500kg/m3.
5.6 Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yokubikezela ukuqondisa isibonelo sokubala kwesilinganiso sengxubevange
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zimi kanje:
Usimende ungusimende u-E042.5 okhiqizwe iLubi Cement Factory, iDolobha laseLaiwu, esifundazweni saseShandong, kanti ukuminyana kwawo kungu-3.19/cm3;
I-fly ash iyi-grade II ball ash ekhiqizwa yiJinan Huangtai Power Plant, futhi i-coefficient yayo yomsebenzi ngu-O. 828, ukuminyana kwayo ngu-2.59 / cm3;
I-silica fume ekhiqizwa yi-Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ine-coefficient yomsebenzi engu-1.10 kanye nokuminyana okungu-2.59/cm3;
Isihlabathi somfula esomile sase-Taian sinokuminyana okungu-2.6 g/cm3, ukuminyana ngobuningi okungu-1480kg/m3, kanye ne-fineness modulus engu-Mx=2.8;
IJinan Ganggou ikhiqiza itshe elomile elichotshoziwe elingu-5-'25mm elinenqwaba yokuminyana okungu-1500kg/m3 kanye nokuminyana okungaba ngu-2.7∥cm3;
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esetshenzisiwe i-aliphatic esebenza kahle kakhulu yokunciphisa amanzi, enezinga lokunciphisa amanzi lika-20%; umthamo othize unqunywa ngokuhlola ngokuya ngezidingo zokuwohloka. Ukulungiswa kwesilingo sikakhonkolo we-C30, ukuwohloka kuyadingeka ukuthi kube kukhulu kuno-90mm.
1. amandla okwenza
2. ikhwalithi yesihlabathi
3. Ukunqunywa Kwezici Zethonya Zobukhulu Ngabunye
4. Cela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi
5. Umthamo we-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ulungiswa ngokuvumelana nemfuneko yokuwa. Umthamo ngu-1%, futhi i-Ma=4kg yengezwa kusisindo.
6. Ngale ndlela, isilinganiso sokubala sitholakala
7. Ngemuva kokuxubana kwesivivinyo, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuwohloka. Amandla okucindezela angu-28d akalwe angu-39.32MPa, ahlangabezana nezidingo.
5.7 Isifingqo Sesahluko
Esimeni sokuziba ukusebenzisana kwezingxube I no-F, sixoxisane nge-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla ka-Feret, futhi sathola umthelela wezinto eziningi kumandla kakhonkolo:
1 Ukhonkolo oxubile unomthelela ku-coefficient
2 Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi
3 Ithonya le-coefficient yokubunjwa okuhlanganisiwe
4 Ukuqhathanisa kwangempela. Kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi indlela yokubikezela amandla angu-28d kakhonkolo ethuthukisiwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret ivumelana kahle nesimo sangempela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kodaka nokhonkolo.
Isahluko 6 Isiphetho kanye ne-Outlook
6.1 Iziphetho ezisemqoka
Ingxenye yokuqala iqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-slurry ehlanzekile kanye ne-mortar fluidity yengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene exutshwe nezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ether, futhi ithola le mithetho esemqoka elandelayo:
1. I-Cellulose ether inemiphumela ethile yokuhlehlisa kanye ne-air-entraining. Phakathi kwazo, i-CMC inomphumela obuthakathaka wokugcina amanzi kumthamo ophansi, futhi inokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kuyilapho i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphawulekayo kanye nomphumela wokujiya, okunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo uketshezi lwe-pulp nodaka oluhlanzekile, futhi Umphumela wokujiya we-HPMC nge-viscosity ephezulu yegama ubonakala kancane.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, i-fluidity yokuqala nengxenye yehora lomlotha wempukane ku-slurry nodaka oluhlanzekile kuye kwathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Okuqukethwe okungu-30% kokuhlolwa kwe-slurry okuhlanzekile kungakhuliswa cishe ngo-30mm; i-fluidity ye-powder yamaminerali ku-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka Awukho umthetho ocacile wethonya; nakuba okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kuphansi, ubuhle bayo obuyingqayizivele be-ultra-fineness, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu wokunciphisa uketshezi lwe-slurry nodaka oluhlanzekile, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa no-0.15 Uma %HPMC, kuzoba khona into yokuthi i-cone die ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-slurry ehlanzekile, kutholakala ukuthi umphumela we-admixture ekuhlolweni kodaka uvame ukuba buthaka. Mayelana nokulawula ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali. I-silica fume inganciphisa kakhulu inani lokopha, kodwa ayihambisani nokunciphisa uketshezi lwe-mortar kanye nokulahlekelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kulula ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza.
3. Ebangeni elifanele lezinguquko zemithamo, izici ezithinta uketshezi lwe-slurry esekwe kusimende, umthamo we-HPMC kanye ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kokubili ekulawuleni ukopha nokulawula isimo sokugeleza, zisobala ngokuqhathaniswa. Umthelela womlotha wamalahle kanye ne-mineral powder ungowesibili futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
4. Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ethers zinomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, okuzokwenza ukuthi amabhamuza agcwale ebusweni bodaka olumsulwa. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kufinyelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, ama-bubbles awakwazi ukugcinwa ku-slurry. phuphuma. Kuzoba namabhamuza phezu kodaka olunoketshezi olungaphezu kuka-250ram, kodwa iqembu elingenalutho elingenayo i-cellulose ether ngokuvamile alinawo amabhamuza noma inani elincane kakhulu lamabhamuza, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya futhi lenza udaka. i-viscous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-viscosity eyeqile yodaka olunoketshezi olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuthi amabhamuza omoya antante phezulu ngomphumela wokuzilinganisa we-slurry, kodwa agcinwe odakeni, futhi ithonya lawo emandleni alikwazi indiva.
Ingxenye II Izakhiwo Zemishini Yodaka
1. Ngodaka olunoketshezi oluningi, ngokukhula kweminyaka, isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sinomkhuba okhuphukayo; ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunomphumela obalulekile wokunciphisa amandla (ukwehla kwamandla okucindezela kubonakala kakhulu), okubuye kuholele ekuchotshozweni Ukuncipha kwesilinganiso, okungukuthi, i-HPMC inosizo olucacile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kodaka. Ngokwamandla wezinsuku ezintathu, umlotha womlotha kanye ne-mineral powder ungenza umnikelo omncane emandleni ku-10%, kuyilapho amandla ehla ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sikhuphuka ngokunyuka kwezingxube zamaminerali; emandleni ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, Izingxube ezimbili zinethonya elincane emandleni, kodwa umphumela jikelele wokunciphisa amandla omlotha wempukane usabonakala; ngokwamandla ezinsuku ezingu-28, lezi zingxube ezimbili ziye zaba nomthelela emandleni, ukucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Zombili zinyuswe kancane, kodwa isilinganiso se-pressure-fold sanda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe.
2. Ngamandla we-28d okucindezelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kodaka oluboshiwe, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kungu-20%, amandla okucindezela nokuguquguqukayo angcono, futhi i-admixture isaholela ekwandeni okuncane kwesilinganiso sokucindezela-to-fold, okubonisa umphumela odakeni. Imiphumela emibi yokuqina; I-HPMC iholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla.
3. Mayelana namandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, i-HPMC inomthelela othile omuhle emandleni ebhondi. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umphumela wawo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi odaka futhi uqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele. Amandla esibopho ahlobene ne-admixture. Ubudlelwano phakathi komthamo abukho njalo, futhi ukusebenza kukonke kungcono ngodaka lukasimende lapho umthamo ungu-10%.
4. I-CMC ayizifanelekeli izinto zikasimende ezisekelwe kusimende, umphumela wayo wokugcina amanzi awubonakali, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza udaka lube brittle; kuyilapho i-HPMC inganciphisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-ukugoqa futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kodaka, kodwa kungenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla okucindezela.
5. Izidingo eziphelele ze-fluidity namandla, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC okungu-0.1% kufaneleka kakhulu. Uma i-fly ash isetshenziselwa udaka lwesakhiwo noma oluqinisiwe oludinga ukuqina okusheshayo namandla okuqala, umthamo akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu, futhi umthamo omkhulu ungaba ngu-10%. Izidingo; kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokungaqini kahle kwevolumu ye-mineral powder kanye ne-silica fume, kufanele zilawulwe ku-10% kanye no-n 3% ngokulandelanayo. Imiphumela ye-admixtures nama-cellulose ethers ayihlobene kakhulu, ne
abe nomphumela ozimele.
Ingxenye yesithathu Esimeni sokuziba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-admixtures, ngengxoxo ye-coefficient yomsebenzi we-mineral admixtures kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, umthetho wethonya wezinto eziningi kumandla kakhonkolo (udaka) uyatholakala:
1. I-mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi
3. Isici sethonya sokwakheka okuhlanganisiwe
4. Ukuqhathanisa kwangempela kubonisa ukuthi indlela yokubikezela amandla angu-28d yekhonkrithi ethuthukisiwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret ivumelana kahle nesimo sangempela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kodaka nokhonkolo.
6.2 Okushodayo Namathemba
Leli phepha licwaninga ngokuyinhloko ubumanzi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zokunamathisela okuhlanzekile nodaka lwesistimu kasimende kanambambili. Umthelela kanye nomthelela wesenzo esihlangene sezinto zikasimende ezinezingxenye eziningi kudingeka kuqhutshekwe kufundwe. Endleleni yokuhlola, ukungaguquguquki kodaka kanye ne-stratification kungasetshenziswa. Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekuhambisaneni nasekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka kufundwa ngezinga le-cellulose ether. Ukwengeza, i-microstructure yodaka ngaphansi kwesenzo esiyinhlanganisela ye-cellulose ether kanye ne-mineral admixture nayo kufanele ihlolwe.
I-Cellulose ether manje ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zengxube yezakhi ezihlukahlukene zodaka. Umphumela wawo omuhle wokugcina amanzi wandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kodaka, wenza udaka lube ne-thixotropy enhle, futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kodaka. Ilungele ukwakhiwa; kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-fly ash kanye ne-mineral powder njengodoti wezimboni odakeni nakho kungadala izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezemvelo
Isahluko 1 Isingeniso
1.1 udaka lwempahla
1.1.1 Ukwethulwa kodaka lwezentengiselwano
Embonini yezinto zokwakha zezwe lami, ukhonkolo uye wazuza izinga eliphezulu lokuhweba, futhi ukuthengiswa kodaka nakho kuya ngokuya kukhuphuka, ikakhulukazi kumabhomu ahlukahlukene akhethekile, abakhiqizi abanamakhono aphezulu obuchwepheshe bayadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Izinkomba zokusebenza zifanelekile. Udaka lwezohwebo luhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile. Udaka oluxubekile lusho ukuthi udaka luthuthelwa endaweni yokwakha ngemva kokuxutshwa namanzi ngumphakeli kusengaphambili ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi, kuyilapho udaka oluxutshwe owomile lwenziwa umkhiqizi wodaka ngokuhlanganisa okomile nokupakisha izinto zikasimende, izilinganiso nezithasiselo ngokwesilinganiso esithile. Faka inani elithile lamanzi endaweni yokwakha bese uxuba ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Udaka lwendabuko lunobuthakathaka obuningi ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni. Isibonelo, ukupakishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuxuba endaweni akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha okuphucuzekile nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezimo zokwakha endaweni kanye nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza ikhwalithi yodaka ibe nzima ukuqinisekiswa, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukusebenza okuphezulu. udaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka lwendabuko, udaka lwezentengiselwano lunezinzuzo ezithile ezisobala. Okokuqala, ikhwalithi yayo kulula ukuyilawula nokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphakeme, izinhlobo zayo zicwengisisiwe, futhi ihloselwe kangcono izidingo zobunjiniyela. Udaka lwaseYurophu oluxutshwe okomile lwakhiwe ngeminyaka yawo-1950, futhi izwe lami nalo likumela ngamandla ukusetshenziswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano. I-Shanghai isivele yasebenzisa udaka lwezentengiselwano ngo-2004. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yezwe lami lokuthuthela emadolobheni, okungenani emakethe yasemadolobheni, ngeke kugwemeke ukuthi udaka lwezohwebo olunezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene luzothatha indawo yodaka lwendabuko.
1.1.2Izinkinga ezikhona odakeni lwezentengiselwano
Nakuba udaka lwezentengiselwano lunezinzuzo eziningi kunodaka lwendabuko, kusenezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe njengodaka. Udaka olumanzi oluphezulu, olufana nodaka lokuqinisa, izinto zokugalela usimende, njll., zinezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zamandla nokusebenza komsebenzi, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwama-superplasticizers kukhulu, okuzobangela ukopha okukhulu futhi kuthinte udaka. Ukusebenza okuphelele; futhi kwezinye izinsimbi zepulasitiki, ngenxa yokuthi zizwela kakhulu ekulahlekeni kwamanzi, kulula ukuba nokuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuxuba, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza sifushane kakhulu: Ngaphezu kwalokho. , Ngokuphathelene nodaka olubophayo, i-matrix yokubopha ngokuvamile yomile. Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, ngenxa yekhono elinganele lodaka lokugcina amanzi, inani elikhulu lamanzi lizomuncwa i-matrix, okubangela ukushoda kwamanzi wendawo osimende ohlanganisayo kanye nokungadonsi amanzi okwanele. Umkhuba wokuthi amandla ayancipha futhi amandla okunamathela ayancipha.
Ekuphenduleni le mibuzo engenhla, isithasiselo esibalulekile, i-cellulose ether, sisetshenziswa kabanzi edaka. Njengohlobo lwe-cellulose e-etherified, i-cellulose ether inokuhlangana kwamanzi, futhi le nhlanganisela ye-polymer inekhono elihle kakhulu lokumunca amanzi kanye nekhono lokugcina amanzi, elingaxazulula kahle ukopha kodaka, isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, ukunamathela, njll. Amandla efindo anganele nokunye okuningi. izinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixube njengengxenye esikhundleni sikasimende, njengomlotha wempukane, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder (impushana yamaminerali), i-silica fume, njll., manje seyibaluleke kakhulu. Siyazi ukuthi izingxube eziningi ziyimikhiqizo yezimboni ezifana namandla kagesi, insimbi encibilikayo, i-ferrosilicon encibilikisayo kanye ne-silicon yezimboni. Uma zingeke zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele, ukunqwabelana kwezixube kuzothatha futhi kucekele phansi indawo enkulu futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ama-admixtures asetshenziswa ngokunengqondo, ezinye izakhiwo zikakhonkolo nodaka zingathuthukiswa, futhi ezinye izinkinga zobunjiniyela ekusebenziseni ukhonkolo nodaka zingaxazululwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezixube kunenzuzo emvelweni nasembonini. ziyazuzisa.
1.2Ama-cellulose ethers
I-cellulose ether (i-cellulose ether) iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer enesakhiwo se-ether esikhiqizwa i-etherification ye-cellulose. Indandatho ngayinye ye-glucosyl kuma-cellulose macromolecules iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqembu eliyinhloko le-hydroxyl ku-athomu yesithupha yekhabhoni, iqembu le-hydroxyl lesibili kuma-athomu ekhabhoni lesibili nelesithathu, kanti i-hydrogen eseqenjini le-hydroxyl ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydrocarbon ukuze likhiqize i-cellulose ether. okuphuma kokunye. into. I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxy polymer engancibiliki noma incibilike, kodwa i-cellulose ingancibilika emanzini, ihlambulule isixazululo se-alkali kanye ne-organic solvent ngemva kwe-etherification, futhi ibe ne-thermoplasticity ethile.
I-Cellulose ether ithatha i-cellulose yemvelo njengento eluhlaza futhi ilungiswa ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-ionic ne-non-ionic ngendlela ye-ionized. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, i-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, imithi, izitsha zobumba nezinye izimboni. .
1.2.1Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-cellulose ethers ukuze kwakhiwe
I-Cellulose ether yokwakha yitemu elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherifying agent ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cellulose ethers zingatholwa ngokufaka i-alkali cellulose ngama-etherifying ahlukahlukene.
1. Ngokwezakhiwo ze-ionization zama-substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kanye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).
2. Ngokwezinhlobo zama-substituents, ama-cellulose ether angahlukaniswa abe ama-ether awodwa (afana ne-methyl cellulose) nama-ether axutshiwe (afana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Ngokuvumelana ne-solubility ehlukene, ihlukaniswe ibe yi-soluble emanzini (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent solubility (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njll. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lokufaka isicelo odakeni oluxubekile luyi-cellulose encibilika emanzini, kuyilapho amanzi. -i-cellulose encibilikayo Ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo lokuqedwa olubambezelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa kwendawo.
1.2.2 Incazelo yendlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
I-Cellulose ether iyinhlanganisela eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina amanzi zodaka oluxutshwe okomile, futhi ingenye yezixube ezibalulekile zokunquma izindleko zezinto zodaka ezixutshwe okomile.
1. Ngemuva kokuthi i-cellulose ether odakeni ichitheke emanzini, umsebenzi oyingqayizivele ongaphezulu uqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zikasimende zihlakazeka ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngokulinganayo ohlelweni lwe-slurry, kanye ne-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid evikelayo, "ingahlanganisa" izinhlayiya eziqinile, , ifilimu yokugcoba yenziwa endaweni engaphandle, futhi ifilimu yokugcoba ingenza umzimba wodaka ube ne-thixotropy enhle. Okusho ukuthi, umthamo uzinzile esimweni sokuma, futhi ngeke kube nezimo ezimbi njengokuphuma kwegazi noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezikhanyayo nezisindayo, okwenza uhlelo lodaka luzinze; ngenkathi isesimweni sokwakha esiyaluzayo, i-cellulose ether izodlala indima ekunciphiseni ukugunda kodaka. Umphumela wokumelana okuguquguqukayo wenza udaka lube noketshezi oluhle nokushelela ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuxuba.
2. Ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo saso samangqamuzana, isixazululo se-cellulose ether singagcina amanzi futhi singalahleki kalula ngemva kokuxutshwa nodaka, futhi sizokhishwa kancane kancane esikhathini eside, esinweba isikhathi sokusebenza kodaka. futhi inikeza udaka ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle nokusebenza.
1.2.3 Ama-ether amaningi e-cellulose ebangeni lokwakha abalulekile
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Ngemuva kokuthi ukotini ocolisisiwe ulashwe nge-alkali, i-methyl chloride isetshenziswa njenge-etherifying agent ukwenza i-cellulose ether ngochungechunge lokusabela. Iziqu ezijwayelekile zokushintsha ngu-1. Ukuncibilika okungu-2.0, izinga lokushintsha lihlukile futhi ukunyibilika nakho kuhlukile. Okwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
Ilungiswa ngokusabela nge-ethylene oxide njenge-ejenti etherifying phambi kwe-acetone ngemva kokuba ukotini ophucuziwe uphathwa nge-alkali. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile liyi-1.5 kuye ku-2.0. Ine-hydrophilicity eqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.
3. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose iwuhlobo lwe-cellulose okukhishwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo kukhuphuka ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. I-ether engeyona i-ionic cellulose exutshwe ukotini ocolisisiwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-propylene oxide ne-methyl chloride njengama-etherifying agents, futhi ngochungechunge lokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-1.2 kuya ku-2.0. Izakhiwo zayo ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
4. I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
I-Ionic cellulose ether ilungiswa kusuka emicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-ejenti etherifying, nangochungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4–d. 4. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu ngezinga lokushintshwa.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwesithathu nolwesine yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-cellulose ezisetshenziswe kulokhu kuhlolwa.
1.2.4 Isimo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Ye-Cellulose Ether
Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, imakethe ye-cellulose ether emazweni athuthukile isivuthwe kakhulu, futhi imakethe emazweni asathuthuka isesigabeni sokukhula, okuzoba amandla amakhulu okukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether emhlabeni jikelele ngokuzayo. Njengamanje, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-cellulose ether emhlabeni wonke udlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1, kanti iYurophu ibala u-35% wesamba esisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, kulandelwa i-Asia neNyakatho Melika. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwabathengi, olubalelwa ku-56% wengqikithi, ilandelwa i-methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), ebalwa ku-56% wesamba. 25% no-12%. Imboni ye-cellulose ether yangaphandle inokuncintisana kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa okuningi, okukhiphayo kugxilwe ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezinkulu eziningana, njenge-Dow Chemical Company ne-Hercules Company e-United States, i-Akzo Nobel e-Netherlands, i-Noviant e-Finland kanye ne-DAICEL yase-Japan, njll.
Izwe lami lingumkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu we-cellulose ether emhlabeni, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kwama-20%. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, cishe kunamabhizinisi angama-50 okukhiqiza i-cellulose ether e-China. Umthamo oklanyelwe wokukhiqiza wemboni ye-cellulose ether usudlule amathani angu-400,000, futhi kukhona amabhizinisi angaba ngu-20 anomthamo wamathani angaphezu kuka-10,000, ikakhulukazi atholakala eShandong, Hebei, Chongqing naseJiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai nezinye izindawo. Ngo-2011, amandla okukhiqiza e-CMC yaseChina ayengamathani angaba ngu-300,000. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sekhwalithi ephezulu yama-cellulose ether embonini yezemithi, yokudla, yansuku zonke nezinye eminyakeni yamuva nje, siyanda isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC. Okukhudlwana, umthamo we-MC/HPMC ungamathani ayi-120,000, futhi umthamo we-HEC ungamathani angama-20,000. I-PAC isesigabeni sokuphromotha nokusebenzisa e-China. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasimu amakhulu kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukudla, amakhemikhali nezinye izimboni, inani kanye nensimu yePAC kuyanda futhi kwanda unyaka nonyaka, namandla okukhiqiza angaphezu kwamathani ayi-10,000.
1.3Ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
Mayelana nocwaningo lwesicelo sobunjiniyela be-cellulose ether embonini yezokwakha, izazi zasekhaya nezangaphandle zenze inani elikhulu locwaningo lokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemishini.
1.3.1Ukwethulwa kafushane kocwaningo lwangaphandle mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
U-Laetitia Patural, u-Philippe Marchal kanye nabanye baseFrance babonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inethonya elibalulekile ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka, futhi ipharamitha yesakhiwo iyisihluthulelo, futhi isisindo samangqamuzana siyisihluthulelo sokulawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuvumelana. Ngokukhula kwesisindo samangqamuzana, ukucindezeleka kwesivuno kuncipha, ukuhambisana kwanda, futhi ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuyanda; ngokuphambene nalokho, i-molar substitution degree (ehlobene nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxyethyl noma i-hydroxypropyl) inomphumela omncane ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka oluxutshwe okomile. Nokho, ama-cellulose ether anamadigri e-molar aphansi okushintsha athuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Isiphetho esibalulekile mayelana nendlela yokugcina amanzi ukuthi izakhiwo ze-rheological zodaka zibalulekile. Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlola ukuthi ngodaka oluxutshwe okomile olunesilinganiso esigxilile sikasimende wamanzi nokuqukethwe kwengxube, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile kunokujwayelekile okufanayo nokungaguquguquki kwawo. Nokho, kwamanye ama-cellulose ethers, ukuthambekela akubonakali; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-starch ethers, kunephethini ephambene. I-viscosity yengxube entsha akuyona ukuphela kwepharamitha yokunquma ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
U-Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Ngosizo lwe-pulsed field gradient kanye namasu e-MRI, bathole ukuthi ukufuduka komswakama endaweni yokuhlangana kodaka ne-unsaturated substrate kuthintwa ukwengezwa kwenani elincane le-CE. Ukulahleka kwamanzi kungenxa yesenzo se-capillary kunokusabalalisa amanzi. Ukufuduka komswakama ngesenzo se-capillary kulawulwa ingcindezi ye-substrate micropore, yona enqunywa usayizi we-micropore kanye ne-Laplace theory interfacial tension, kanye ne-viscosity yamanzi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo ze-rheological zesisombululo se-aqueous CE ziyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, le nkolelo-mbono iphikisana nokuvumelana okuthile (ezinye izinto zokuthibela ezifana ne-molecular polyethylene oxide ephezulu nama-starch ethers awasebenzi njenge-CE).
UJean. U-Yves Petit, u-Erie Wirquin et al. isebenzise i-cellulose ether ngokuhlolwa, futhi i-viscosity yayo yesisombululo engu-2% yayisuka ku-5000 iye ku-44500mpa. S kusukela ku-MC kanye ne-HEMC. Thola:
1. Ngenani elinqunyiwe le-CE, uhlobo lwe-CE lunomthelela omkhulu ku-viscosity ye-adhesive mortar yama-tile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncintisana phakathi kwe-CE ne-polymer powder ehlakazekayo yokukhangisa kwezinhlayiya zikasimende.
2. I-adsorption yokuncintisana ye-CE kanye ne-rubber powder inomphumela ophawulekayo ngesikhathi sokumisa kanye ne-spalling lapho isikhathi sokwakha siyi-20-30min.
3. Amandla ebhondi athintwa ukubhanqa kwe-CE kanye nempuphu yerabha. Lapho ifilimu ye-CE ingakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama endaweni esibonakalayo yethayela nodaka, ukunamathela ngaphansi kokuphulukiswa kokushisa okuphezulu kuncipha.
4. Ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana kwe-CE kanye nempushana ye-polymer ehlakazekayo kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kwakhiwa ingxenye yodaka olunamathelayo lwamathayela.
I-LSchmitzC yaseJalimane. J. UDkt. H(a)cker ushilo esihlokweni ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HEMC ku-cellulose ether inendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amanzi odaka oluxutshwe okomile. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa inkomba yokugcinwa kwamanzi ethuthukisiwe ye-cellulose ether, kuyanconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-Cellulose ethers ashintshiwe asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza zodaka kanye nezakhiwo zodaka olomile nolukhuni.
1.3.2Isingeniso esifushane socwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni
U-Xin Quanchang wase-Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology wafunda ithonya lama-polymer ahlukahlukene kwezinye izakhiwo zodaka oluhlanganisiwe, futhi wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyinhlanganisela ye-polymer powder ehlakazekayo kanye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka lokubopha, kodwa. futhi can Ingxenye yezindleko iyancipha; imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-latex powder e-redispersible kulawulwa ku-0.5%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kulawulwa ku-0.2%, udaka olulungisiwe alukwazi ukugoba. futhi amandla okubopha agqame kakhulu, futhi abe nokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nepulasitiki.
USolwazi Ma Baoguo wase-Wuhan University of Technology waveza ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela osobala wokuvinjelwa, futhi ingathinta uhlobo lwesakhiwo semikhiqizo ye-hydration kanye nesakhiwo se-pore ye-slurry kasimende; i-cellulose ether ikhangiswa ngokuyinhloko phezu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende ukuze kwakheke umphumela othile wokuvinjelwa. Ivimbela i-nucleation kanye nokukhula kwemikhiqizo ye-hydration; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cellulose ether ivimbela ukufuduka nokusabalalisa kwama-ion ngenxa yomphumela wayo osobala okhulayo we-viscosity, ngaleyo ndlela ibambezeleka ukugeleza kukasimende ngezinga elithile; i-cellulose ether inokusimama kwe-alkali.
U-Jian Shouwei wase-Wuhan University of Technology uphethe ngokuthi indima ye-CE odakeni ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezicini ezintathu: umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amanzi, umthelela wokungaguquguquki kodaka kanye ne-thixotropy, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-rheology. I-CE ayinikezi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodaka, kodwa futhi Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kwe-hydration ekuqaleni kukasimende futhi kubambezele inqubo ye-hydration kinetic kasimende, yiqiniso, ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezihlukene zokusebenzisa udaka, kukhona umehluko ezindleleni zayo zokuhlola ukusebenza. .
Udaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE lusetshenziswa ngendlela yodaka olunongqimba oluncane odakeni lwengxube eyomile yansuku zonke (njenge-brinder yezitini, i-putty, udaka olunamekwe oluthambile, njll.). Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokuvamile sihambisana nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokushesha kodaka. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluyinhloko lugxile ekunamatheleni kwamathayela obuso, futhi luncane ucwaningo ngezinye izinhlobo zodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE olucijile.
U-Su Lei wase-Wuhan University of Technology utholwe ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwezinga lokugcina amanzi, ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye nesikhathi sokumisa udaka olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether. Inani lamanzi liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi isikhathi se-coagulation side; lapho inani lamanzi lifinyelela ku-O. Ngemva kuka-6%, ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi akusabonakali, futhi isikhathi sokusetha sicishe siphindwe kabili; kanye nocwaningo lokuhlola lwamandla ayo okucindezela lubonisa ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungaphansi kuka-0.8%, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungaphansi kuka-0.8%. Ukwanda kuzonciphisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela; futhi mayelana nokusebenza kokubopha ngebhodi lodaka lukasimende, O. Ngaphansi kuka-7% wokuqukethwe, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okubopha.
U-Lai Jianqing we-Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. uhlaziye futhi waphetha ngokuthi umthamo ophelele we-cellulose ether uma ucubungula izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nenkomba yokungaguquguquki ingu-0 ngochungechunge lokuhlola izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla namandla ebhondi Udaka lwe-EPS lokufakwa kwe-thermal. 2%; i-cellulose ether inomphumela oqinile wokungenisa umoya, okuzobangela ukwehla kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kwamandla esibopho esiqinile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise kanye ne-polymer powder ephindwe kabusha.
U-Yuan Wei kanye no-Qin Min be-Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute benze ucwaningo nocwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kukhonkolo onegwebu. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi i-HPMC ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kakhonkolo wegwebu elisha futhi inciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kakhonkolo wegwebu oqinile; I-HPMC inganciphisa ukulahleka kokuwohloka kokhonkolo omusha wegwebu futhi inciphise ukuzwela kwengxube ekushiseni. ; I-HPMC izonciphisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela kakhonkolo wegwebu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwelapha zemvelo, inani elithile le-HPMC lingathuthukisa amandla esifanekiso ngokwezinga elithile.
U-Li Yuhai we-Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. uveze ukuthi uhlobo nenani lempushana ye-latex, uhlobo lwe-cellulose ether kanye nemvelo elaphayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekuphikisweni komthelela wodaka lokuplastwa. Umthelela we-cellulose ethers emandleni omthelela nawo awukho nhlobo uma uqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kwe-polymer nezimo zokwelapha.
U-Yin Qingli we-AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. usebenzise i-Bermocoll PADl, ibhodi ye-polystyrene elungiswe ngokukhethekile ehlanganisa i-cellulose ether, ocwaningweni, olulungele ngokukhethekile udaka olubophayo lwesistimu yokufaka udonga lwangaphandle lwe-EPS. I-Bermocoll PADl ingathuthukisa amandla okubopha phakathi kodaka nebhodi le-polystyrene ngaphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether. Ngisho nasendabeni yomthamo ophansi, akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokusebenza kodaka olusha, kodwa futhi kungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo amandla okuqala okubopha kanye namandla okubopha angavimbeli amanzi phakathi kodaka nebhodi le-polystyrene ngenxa ye-anchoring eyingqayizivele. ubuchwepheshe. . Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana komthelela wodaka kanye nokusebenza kokubopha ngebhodi le-polystyrene. Ukuze uthuthukise lezi zakhiwo, i-latex powder ephinda ihlakazeka kufanele isetshenziswe.
U-Wang Peiming ovela eNyuvesi yase-Tongji uhlaziye umlando wokuthuthukiswa kodaka lwezentengiselwano futhi wabonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ne-latex powder inomthelela ongeyena ongenandaba ezinkomba zokusebenza ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi, amandla aguquguqukayo kanye nokucindezela, kanye ne-elastic modulus ye-powder eyomile yezohwebo.
U-Zhang Lin kanye nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baphethe ngokuthi, odakeni oluyisibopho lwebhodi le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe eliliplasta ngodonga lwangaphandle lwesistimu yokufaka ukushisa okushisayo (okungukuthi uhlelo lwe-Eqos), kunconywa ukuthi inani eliphelele. i-powder yerabha ibe ngu-2.5% umkhawulo; i-viscosity ephansi, i-ether ye-cellulose elungiswe kakhulu iwusizo olukhulu ekwenzeni ngcono amandla ebhondi eqinile yodaka oluqinile.
U-Zhao Liqun we-Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. uveze esihlokweni ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, futhi iphinde inciphise ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana kwenqwaba namandla okucindezela odaka, futhi yandise ukulungiselelwa. isikhathi sodaka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zomthamo, i-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu inenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa amandla okucindezela ayancipha kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokusetha side. Impushana ejiyayo ne-cellulose ether iqeda ukushwabana kwepulasitiki kodaka ngokwenza ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka.
I-Fuzhou University u-Huang Lipin et al ufunde nge-doping ye-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ne-ethylene. Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye ne-cross-sectional morphology yodaka lukasimende oluguquliwe lwe-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder. Kutholakala ukuthi i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nomphumela ovelele wokungenisa umoya, kuyilapho izakhiwo zokunciphisa amanzi ze-latex powder kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zemishini zodaka zivelele kakhulu. Umphumela wokushintsha; futhi kukhona uhla lwemithamo olufanele phakathi kwama-polymer.
Ngochungechunge lwezilingo, u-Chen Qian nabanye abavela kwa-Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. bafakazele ukuthi ukwelula isikhathi esinyakazayo nokwandisa isivinini esishukumisayo kunganikeza ukudlala okuphelele endimeni ye-cellulose ether odakeni oluxutshwe ngomumo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka, nokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokunyakazisa. Isivinini esifushane kakhulu noma esinensa kakhulu sizokwenza udaka lube nzima ukwakha; ukukhetha i-cellulose ether efanele kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka oseluvele luxubile.
U-Li Sihan wase-Shenyang Jianzhu University kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi izingxube zamaminerali zinganciphisa ukuwohloka okomile kodaka futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zayo zemishini; isilinganiso se-lime nesihlabathi sinomthelela ezintweni zemishini kanye nezinga lokuncipha kodaka; redispersible polymer powder ingathuthukisa udaka. Ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela, amandla okuguquguquka, ukubumbana, ukumelana nomthelela nokumelana nokugqoka, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokusebenza; i-cellulose ether inomphumela wokungenisa umoya, ongathuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka; i-wood fiber ingathuthukisa udaka Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukusebenza, nokusebenza okungahambisani nokushelela, futhi kusheshise ukwakhiwa. Ngokungeza izixube ezihlukahlukene zokuguqulwa, futhi ngesilinganiso esinengqondo, udaka olumelana nokuqhekeka lohlelo lwangaphandle lokufakwa odongeni olushisayo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lungalungiswa.
U-Yang Lei wase-Henan University of Technology waxuba i-HEMC odakeni futhi wathola ukuthi inemisebenzi emibili yokugcina amanzi kanye nokujiya, okuvimbela ukhonkolo ofakwe emoyeni ukuthi ungasheshi ukumunca amanzi osimende olwakhiwe, futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi usimende udaka lugcwele amanzi ngokugcwele, okwenza udaka Inhlanganisela nokhonkolo ofakwe umoya kuqina futhi amandla esibopho aphakeme; kunganciphisa kakhulu ukubola kodaka lokukhonkoloka kokhonkolo ofakwe umoya. Lapho i-HEMC yengezwe odakeni, amandla aguquguqukayo odaka ancipha kancane, kuyilapho amandla okucindezela ancipha kakhulu, futhi ijika lesilinganiso sokucindezela i-fold-compression libonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HEMC kungathuthukisa ukuqina kodaka.
U-Li Yanling nabanye abavela e-Henan University of Technology bathola ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini zodaka oluhlanganisiwe zathuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi amandla esibopho sodaka, lapho ingxube ye-compound yengezwe (okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kwakungu-0.15%). Iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.33 kunodaka olujwayelekile.
U-Ma Baoguo wase-Wuhan University of Technology kanye nabanye bafunde imiphumela yemithamo ehlukene ye-styrene-acrylic emulsion, i-polymer powder ehlakazekayo, kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi, amandla ebhondi kanye nokuqina kodaka olunakiwe oluncane. , ithole ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-styrene-acrylic emulsion kungu-4% kuya ku-6%, amandla esibopho sodaka afinyelela inani elihle kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezela sasincane kakhulu; okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kukhuphukele ku-O. Ku-4%, amandla esibopho sodaka afinyelela ukugcwala, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezela sincane kakhulu; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-rubber powder kungu-3%, amandla okubopha osimende angcono kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa siyancipha ngokufaka impuphu yerabha. umkhuba.
U-Li Qiao nabanye be-Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. baveze esihlokweni ukuthi imisebenzi ye-cellulose ether odakeni lukasimende ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukujiya, ukungena komoya, ukubambezeleka kanye nokwenza ngcono amandla ebhondi eqinile, njll. Lezi imisebenzi ihambisana Lapho uhlola nokukhetha i-MC, izinkomba ze-MC okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa i-viscosity, izinga lokushintshwa kwe-etherification, izinga lokuguqulwa, ukuzinza komkhiqizo, okuqukethwe okusebenzayo kwento, usayizi wezinhlayiyana nezinye izici. Lapho ukhetha i-MC emikhiqizweni eyahlukene yodaka, izidingo zokusebenza ze-MC ngokwayo kufanele zibekwe phambili ngokuya ngezidingo zokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethile yodaka, futhi izinhlobo ezifanele ze-MC kufanele zikhethwe ngokuhambisana nokwakheka kanye nemingcele yenkomba eyisisekelo ye-MC.
I-Qiu Yongxia yase-Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. ithole ukuthi ngokwanda kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka liyenyuka; uma izinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether zicolisa, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi; Ukuphakama kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether; ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lodaka.
U-Zhang Bin wase-Tongji University kanye nabanye baveze esihlokweni ukuthi izici zokusebenza zodaka oluguquliwe zihlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwe-viscosity yama-cellulose ethers, hhayi ukuthi ama-cellulose ether ane-viscosity ephezulu yegama anethonya elisobala ezicini zokusebenza, ngoba futhi ethintekile usayizi wezinhlayiyana. , izinga lokuqedwa nezinye izici.
U-Zhou Xiao kanye nabanye abavela ku-Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, i-China Cultural Heritage Research Institute bafunde umnikelo wezithasiselo ezimbili, i-polymer rubber powder kanye ne-cellulose ether, emandleni ebhondi ohlelweni lukadaka lwe-NHL (hydraulic lime), bathola ukuthi. elula Ngenxa yokushwabana okweqile kwe-lime ye-hydraulic, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele okuqina nge-interface yetshe. Inani elifanele le-polymer rubber powder kanye ne-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okubopha odaka lwe-NHL futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuqinisa izinsalela zamasiko nezinto zokuvikela; ukuze kuvinjwe Inomthelela ekungeneni kwamanzi kanye nokuphefumula kwe-NHL mortar ngokwayo kanye nokuhambisana nezinsalela zamasiko zamasiko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kokuqala kokubopha kwe-NHL mortar, inani elifanelekile lokwengeza le-polymer rubber powder lingaphansi kuka-0.5% kuya ku-1%, kanye nokwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether Inani lilawulwa cishe ngo-0.2%.
U-Duan Pengxuan kanye nabanye abavela e-Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science benza abahloli ababili be-rheological abazenzela bona ngesisekelo sokusungula imodeli ye-rheological yodaka olusha, futhi benza ukuhlaziya kwe-rheological kodaka olujwayelekile lwamatshe, udaka lokunamathisela nokunamathisela imikhiqizo ye-gypsum. I-denaturation yalinganiswa, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether zinenani elingcono lokuqala le-viscosity nokusebenza kokunciphisa i-viscosity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokwenyuka kwesivinini, okungacebisa isibophezelo sohlobo olungcono lokubopha, i-thixotropy kanye nokumelana nokushelela.
U-Li Yanling wase-Henan University of Technology kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odongeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili ye-cement hydration. Nakuba ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla okuguquguquka namandla okucindezela odaka, kusakhuphula isilinganiso se-flexural-compression ratio namandla esibopho sodaka ngezinga elithile.
1.4Ucwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezixube kudaka ekhaya naphesheya
Embonini yezokwakha yanamuhla, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo nodaka kukhulu, futhi isidingo sikasimende siyanda. Ukukhiqizwa kukasimende kuyimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu amandla kanye nemboni yokungcola okuphezulu. Ukonga usimende kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izindleko nokuvikela imvelo. Njengengxenye esikhundleni sikasimende, ingxube yezimbiwa ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka nokhonkolo, kodwa futhi yonga usimende omningi ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetshenziswa okufanele.
Embonini yezinto zokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-admixtures kuye kwanda kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zikasimende ziqukethe inani elithile noma elincane lezixube. Phakathi kwabo, isamende ejwayelekile yasePortland esetshenziswa kakhulu yengezwa ngo-5% ekukhiqizeni. ~ 20% inhlanganisela. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene odaka kanye nokhonkolo, ukusetshenziswa kwezixube kubanzi kakhulu.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-admixtures odaka, ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside nolubanzi lwenziwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
1.4.1Isethulo esifushane socwaningo lwangaphandle mayelana nokuxutshwa okufakwe kudaka
P. University of California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. ithole ukuthi enqubweni ye-hydration ye-gelling material, ijeli ayivuvukali ngevolumu elinganayo, futhi ingxube yamaminerali ingashintsha ukwakheka kwejeli le-hydrated, futhi ithole ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwejeli kuhlobene ne-divalent cations kujeli. . Inani lamakhophi libonise ukuhlobana okungalungile okubalulekile.
Kevin J. wase-United States. UFolliard noMakoto Ohta et al. wabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-silica fume nomlotha we-rice husk odakeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla okucindezela, kuyilapho ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kunciphisa amandla, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni.
U-Philippe Lawrence kanye no-Martin Cyr base-France bathola ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezithako zamaminerali zingathuthukisa amandla odaka ngaphansi komthamo ofanele. Umehluko phakathi kwezixube ezihlukene zamaminerali awubonakali esigabeni sokuqala se-hydration. Esigabeni sakamuva se-hydration, ukwanda kwamandla okungeziwe kuthinteka ngomsebenzi we-mineral admixture, futhi ukwanda kwamandla okubangelwa i-inert admixture ayikwazi ukumane kubhekwe njengokugcwalisa. umphumela, kodwa kufanele kubalulwe emthelela ongokoqobo we-multiphase nucleation.
I-ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl yaseBulgaria i-Petar Abadjiev kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi izingxenye eziyisisekelo i-silica fume kanye nomlotha we-calcium ondizayo ophansi ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingokoqobo nezomshini zodaka lukasimende nokhonkolo oxutshwe nezingxube ze-pozzolanic ezisebenzayo, ezingathuthukisa amandla etshe likasimende. I-silica fume inomphumela obalulekile ekufakweni kokuqala kwezinto zikasimende, kuyilapho ingxenye yomlotha wempukane inomphumela obalulekile ekufakweni kwamanzi kamuva.
1.4.2Ukwethulwa kafushane kocwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezixube kudaka
Ngocwaningo lokuhlola, u-Zhong Shiyun no-Xiang Keqin baseNyuvesi yase-Tongji bathola ukuthi udaka oluyinhlanganisela oluguquliwe lokucoleka okuthile kwe-fly ash kanye ne-polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), lapho isilinganiso se-poly-binder sinqunywa ku-0.08, isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa udaka lwanda nge-The fineness and content of fly ash kuncipha ngokwanda komlotha wezimpukane. Kuhlongozwa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-fly ash kungaxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yezindleko eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kodaka ngokumane ukwandise okuqukethwe kwe-polymer.
U-Wang Yinong we-Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company uye wafunda ingxube yodaka esebenza kahle kakhulu, engathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka, inciphise izinga le-delamination, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lokubopha. Ilungele ukwenziwa kwamatshe kanye nokuplastwa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ane-aerated. .
U-Chen Miaomiao nabanye baseNanjing University of Technology bafunde umphumela wokuxutshwa kabili komlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali odakeni olomile ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zodaka, futhi bathola ukuthi ukungezwa kwezixube ezimbili akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza nokusebenza kwemishini. kwengxube. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini nazo zinganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko. Isilinganiso esinconyiwe sokuthatha indawo ka-20% womlotha wempukane kanye ne-mineral powder ngokulandelana, isilinganiso sodaka nesihlabathi singu-1:3, kanti isilinganiso samanzi nempahla singu-0.16.
UZhuang Zihao waseSouth China University of Technology walungisa isilinganiso se-water-binder, i-bentonite eshintshiwe, i-cellulose ether kanye nempushana yerabha, futhi wafunda izakhiwo zamandla odaka, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha okomile kwezingxube ezintathu zamaminerali, futhi wathola ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kufinyelelwe. Ngama-50%, i-porosity ikhula kakhulu futhi amandla ayancipha, futhi ingxenye efanelekile yezingxube ezintathu zamaminerali i-limestone powder engu-8%, i-30% ye-slag, kanye ne-4% ye-fly ash, engafinyelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. isilinganiso, inani elincanyelwayo lokushuba.
U-Li Ying wase-Qinghai University wenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zodaka oluxubene nezixube zamaminerali, futhi waphetha futhi wahlaziya ukuthi izingxube zamaminerali zingakwazi ukukhulisa i-particle gradation ye-powders, kanye nomphumela wokugcwalisa okuncane kanye ne-hydration yesibili ye-admixtures ingakwazi Ngokwezinga elithile, ukubumbana kodaka kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla awo.
U-Zhao Yujing wase-Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. usebenzise ithiyori yokuqina kokuphuka namandla okuphuka ukuze afunde umthelela wezingxube zamaminerali ekushwabaneni kukakhonkolo. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ingxube yamaminerali ingathuthukisa kancane ukuqina kokuphuka kanye namandla okuphuka kodaka; esimweni sohlobo olufanayo lwe-admixture, inani lokushintshwa kwe-40% ye-mineral admixture liyinzuzo kakhulu ekuqineni kokuphuka kanye namandla okuphuka.
U-Xu Guangsheng wase-Henan University waveza ukuthi lapho indawo ethize ye-mineral powder ingaphansi kwe-E350m2/l [g, umsebenzi uphansi, amandla e-3d acishe abe ngu-30% kuphela, futhi amandla e-28d athuthukela ku-0~90% ; kuyilapho ku-400m2 ikhabe g, amandla angu-3d Ingase isondele ku-50%, futhi amandla angu-28d angaphezulu kuka-95%. Ngokombono wezimiso eziyisisekelo ze-rheology, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kwe-mortar fluidity kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, kufinyelelwa iziphetho eziningana: okuqukethwe komlotha okundiza okungaphansi kuka-20% kungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo uketshezi lodaka kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, kanye ne-mineral powder ku-Uma umthamo ungezansi. Amaphesenti angu-25, uketshezi lodaka lungakhuphuka kodwa izinga lokugeleza liyehla.
USolwazi Wang Dongmin wase-China University of Mining and Technology kanye noSolwazi Feng Lufeng wase-Shandong Jianzhu University baveze esihlokweni ukuthi ukhonkolo uyizinto ezinezigaba ezintathu ngokombono wezinto eziyinhlanganisela, okuwukuthi usimende unamathisele, i-aggregate, usimende unamathisele kanye neqoqo. I-interface transition zone ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ekuhlanganeni. I-ITZ iyindawo enamanzi amaningi, isilinganiso sendawo samanzi-samende sikhulu kakhulu, i-porosity ngemva kokufakwa kwe-hydration inkulu, futhi izobangela ukunothiswa kwe-calcium hydroxide. Le ndawo kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele imifantu yokuqala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele ukucindezeleka. Ukugxila kakhulu kunquma ukuqina. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwezixube kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo amanzi e-endocrine endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo, kunciphise ukujiya kwendawo yokushintsha kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, futhi kuthuthukise amandla.
U-Zhang Jianxin waseNyuvesi yaseChongqing kanye nabanye bathola ukuthi ngokuguqulwa okuphelele kwe-methyl cellulose ether, i-polypropylene fiber, i-polymer powder ehlakazeka kabusha, kanye nezixube, udaka lokunameka oluxutshwe okomile olusebenza kahle lungalungiswa. Udaka olunakiwe oluxubene nokuqhekeka oluqinile lusebenza kahle, amandla ebhondi aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle. Izinga lezigubhu nokuqhekeka kuyinkinga evamile.
U-Ren Chuanyao wase-Zhejiang University kanye nabanye bafunde umphumela we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ezindaweni zodaka lomlotha wezimpukane, futhi bahlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kokuminyana okumanzi namandla acindezelayo. Kutholwe ukuthi ukwengeza i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether odakeni lomlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kunwebe isikhathi sokubopha udaka, futhi kunciphise ukuminyana okumanzi namandla okucindezela odaka. Kukhona ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokuminyana okumanzi namandla okucindezela angu-28d. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuminyana okumanzi okwaziwayo, amandla okucindezela angu-28d angabalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula efanelekile.
USolwazi uPang Lufeng kanye noChang Qingshan baseNyuvesi yaseShandong Jianzhu basebenzisa indlela yokuklama iyunifomu ukuze bahlole ithonya lezingxube ezintathu zomlotha wempukane, i-mineral powder ne-silica fume emandleni kakhonkolo, futhi babeka phambili ifomula yokubikezela enenani elithile elingokoqobo ngokuhlehla. ukuhlaziywa. , futhi ukuba nokwenzeka kwayo kwaqinisekiswa.
Inhloso nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo
Njengesigqi esibalulekile esigcina amanzi, i-cellulose ether isetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni ukudla, udaka nokukhiqizwa kukakhonkolo nezinye izimboni. Njengengxube ebalulekile odakeni oluhlukahlukene, izinhlobonhlobo zama-cellulose ethers zinganciphisa kakhulu ukopha kodaka lwe-fluidity ephezulu, zithuthukise i-thixotropy kanye nobushelelezi bokwakhiwa kodaka, futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi namandla esibopho sodaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zamaminerali kuya ngokuya kusakazeka, okungaxazululi nje kuphela inkinga yokucubungula inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezimboni, kusindisa umhlaba futhi kuvikele imvelo, kodwa futhi kungashintsha imfucuza ibe yigugu futhi idale izinzuzo.
Kube khona izifundo eziningi mayelana nezingxenye zalezi zinsimbi ezimbili ekhaya naphesheya, kodwa azikho izifundo eziningi zokuhlola ezihlanganisa kokubili ndawonye. Inhloso yaleli phepha ukuxuba ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nezingxube zamaminerali kunamathisele usimende ngesikhathi esifanayo, udaka olumanzi oluningi kanye nodaka lwepulasitiki (kuthatha udaka oluyisibopho njengesibonelo), ngokuhlolwa kokuhlola koketshezi kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zemishini, umthetho wethonya wezinhlobo ezimbili zodaka lapho izingxenye zengezwa ndawonye uyafingqwa, okuzothinta i-cellulose ether yesikhathi esizayo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezingxube zamaminerali kunikeza inkomba ethile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli phepha lihlongoza indlela yokubikezela amandla odaka nokhonkolo ngokusekelwe kumbono wamandla we-FERET kanye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, engahlinzeka ngokubaluleka okuthile okuyisiqondiso kumklamo wesilinganiso sokuxuba kanye nokubikezela amandla kodaka nokhonkolo.
1.6Okuqukethwe kocwaningo okuyinhloko kwaleli phepha
Okuqukethwe kocwaningo olukhulu kuleli phepha kufaka:
1. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene, ukuhlolwa kokumanzi kwe-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka olunoketshezi oluningi kwenziwa, futhi imithetho yethonya yafingqwa futhi izizathu zahlaziywa.
2. Ngokungeza ama-cellulose ethers nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali odakeni olunamanzi amaningi nodaka oluyisibopho, hlola imiphumela yawo emandleni acindezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo, isilinganiso sokugoqa nokugoqa udaka lodaka olunoketshezi oluningi nodaka lwepulasitiki Umthetho wethonya kusibopho esiqinile. amandla.
3. Kuhlanganiswe nethiyori yamandla ye-FERET kanye ne-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixtures yamaminerali, kuhlongozwa indlela yokubikezela amandla odaka nokhonkolo lwezingxenye eziningi ze-cementitious.
Isahluko 2 Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezingxenye zazo zokuhlolwa
2.1 Izinto zokuhlola
2.1.1 Usimende (C)
Ukuhlola kusebenzise ibhrendi ye-“Shanshui Dongyue” PO. 42.5 Usimende.
2.1.2 Mineral powder (KF)
Kukhethwe impushana ye-granulated blast furnace yezinga elingu-$95 evela e-Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 I-Fly Ash (FA)
I-grade II fly ash ekhiqizwe iJinan Huangtai Power Plant ikhethiwe, inhlawulo (isisefo esisele se-459m square hole sieve) ingu-13%, futhi isilinganiso sokufunwa kwamanzi singu-96%.
2.1.4 I-silica fume (sF)
I-silica fume ithatha intuthu ye-silica ye-Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ukuminyana kwayo ngu-2.59/cm3; indawo ethize ingu-17500m2/kg, kanti usayizi wezinhlayiyana omaphakathi ngu-O. 1～0.39m, 28d umsebenzi index 108%, isilinganiso amanzi isidingo 120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex powder (JF)
Impushana yenjoloba yamukela i-Max redispersible latex powder 6070N (uhlobo lokubopha) kusuka ku-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 I-Cellulose ether (CE)
I-CMC yamukela i-CMC yebanga lokunamathela ku-Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., futhi i-HPMC isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose evela ku-Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Ezinye izixube
I-heavy calcium carbonate, i-wood fiber, isixosha amanzi, i-calcium formate, njll.
2.1,8 isihlabathi sequartz
Isihlabathi sequartz esenziwe ngomshini sithatha izinhlobo ezine zokulunga: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh no-70.140 H, ukuminyana kungu-2650 kg/rn3, futhi ukushiswa kwesitaki kungu-1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 I-Polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder (PC)
I-polycarboxylate powder ye-Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ingu-1J1030, futhi izinga lokunciphisa amanzi lingama-30%.
2.1.10 Isihlabathi (S)
Kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esimaphakathi somfula i-Dawen e-Tai'an.
2.1.11 Isamba esiqinile (G)
Sebenzisa iJinan Ganggou ukukhiqiza itshe elichotshoziwe elingu-5″ ~ 25.
2.2 Indlela yokuhlola
2.2.1 Indlela yokuhlola uketshezi oluludaka
Imishini yokuhlola: NJ. Ingxube kasimende yohlobo lwe-160, ekhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Izindlela zokuhlola kanye nemiphumela kubalwa ngendlela yokuhlola ukuguquguquka kokunamathisela usimende kuSithasiselo A se-“GB 50119.2003 Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe Eziwukhonkolo” noma ((I-GB/T8077–2000 Indlela Yokuhlola Ye-Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures) .
2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola i-fluidity ye-fluidity high mortar
Imishini yokuhlola: JJ. Uhlobo 5 lokuhlanganisa usimende lukasimende, olukhiqizwe iWuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Umshini wokuhlola ukucindezela udaka lwe-TYE-2000B, okhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Umshini wokuhlola wokugoba udaka lwe-TYE-300B, okhiqizwe yi-Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Indlela yokuthola uketshezi kodaka isekelwe ku-“JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials” kanye “ne-GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures” Isithasiselo A, usayizi we-cone die esetshenzisiwe, ubude buyi-60mm, ububanzi bangaphakathi bechweba eliphezulu bungama-70mm. , ububanzi bangaphakathi bembobo engezansi bungu-100mm, futhi ububanzi obungaphandle bembobo engezansi bungu-120mm, futhi isisindo esomile esiphelele sodaka akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-2000g isikhathi ngasinye.
Imiphumela yokuhlola yama-fluidity amabili kufanele ithathe inani eliyisilinganiso lezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili eziqondile njengomphumela wokugcina.
2.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola yamandla ebhondi eqinile yodaka oluhlanganisiwe
Imishini yokuhlola eyinhloko: WDL. Thayipha umshini wokuhlola umhlaba wonke ongu-5, okhiqizwe i-Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
Indlela yokuhlola yamandla ebhondi eqinile izosetshenziswa ngokubhekiselwa kuSigaba 10 se-(JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Isahluko 3. Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekunamathiseleni okumsulwa kanye nodaka lwento ehlanganisa usimende kanambambili yengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
I-Liquidity Impact
Lesi sahluko sihlola ama-cellulose ether amaningana kanye nenhlanganisela yezimbiwa ngokuhlola inani elikhulu lama-slurries asekelwe kusimende ahlanzekile kanye nodaka kanye nama-slurries amasistimu kasimende kanambambili anengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye noketshezi nokulahlekelwa kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umthetho womthelela wokusetshenziswa okuyinhlanganisela yezinto ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka, kanye nomthelela wezici ezihlukahlukene kuyafingqwa futhi kuhlaziywe.
3.1 Uhlaka lwephrothokholi yokuhlola
Uma kubhekwa umthelela we-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kohlelo lukasimende omsulwa kanye nezinhlelo zezinto zikasimende ezahlukahlukene, sifunda ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili:
1. i-puree. Inezinzuzo ze-intuition, ukusebenza okulula nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekutholweni kokuguquguquka kwezixube ezifana ne-cellulose ether ku-gelling material, futhi umehluko usobala.
2. Udaka lwe-fluidity ephezulu. Ukuzuza isimo sokugeleza okuphezulu futhi kungokuba kube lula ukulinganisa nokubuka. Lapha, ukulungiswa kwesimo sokugeleza kwereferensi kulawulwa ikakhulukazi ama-superplasticizers asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuze sinciphise iphutha lokuhlola, sisebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi se-polycarboxylate esivumelana nezimo ezibanzi kusimende, esizwela izinga lokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile.
3.2 Ukuhlolwa kokuthonya kwe-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa
3.2.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa
Iqondiswe ethonyeni le-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile, udaka lukasimende oluhlanzekile lwesistimu yezinto zikasimende zengxenye eyodwa lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ukuze kubonwe umthelela. Inkomba yereferensi eyinhloko lapha yamukela ukutholwa koketshezi olunembile kakhulu.
Izinto ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezithinta ukuhamba:
1. Izinhlobo zama-cellulose ethers
2. Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether
3. Isikhathi sokuphumula esilula
Lapha, silungise okuqukethwe kwe-PC ye-powder ku-0.2%. Amaqembu amathathu namaqembu amane okuhlola asetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Nge-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo we-0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, okungukuthi u-Og, 0.39, 0.69 (inani likasimende ekuhlolweni ngakunye ngu-3009). , ku-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, okungukuthi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity of purecement paste
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-CMC
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, ngokwemibandela ye-fluidity yokuqala, ngokungezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancane; i-fluidity yesigamu sehora yehle kakhulu ngomthamo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesigamu sehora se-fluidity yeqembu elingenalutho. Kuyi-20mm enkulu kuneyokuqala (lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuhlehliswa kwe-PC powder): -IJ, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane ku-0.1% umthamo, futhi iphinda inyuke ngomthamo we-0.2%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesilinganiso esifanayo, uketshezi lweqembu elingenalutho lwalukhulu kunawo wonke ngesigamu sehora, futhi lwehla ngehora elilodwa (lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ngemva kwehora elilodwa, izinhlayiya zikasimende zibonakala zigcwele amanzi kanye nokunamathela, i-inter-particle structure ekuqaleni yakhiwa, futhi i-slurry yavela ngaphezulu; i-fluidity yamaqembu e-C1 ne-C2 yehla kancane ngesigamu sehora, okubonisa ukuthi ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-CMC kwaba nomthelela othile kuhulumeni; ngenkathi kokuqukethwe kwe-C2, kube nokukhuphuka okukhulu ehoreni elilodwa, okubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe Umphumela womphumela wokuvinjelwa kwe-CMC ukhonya.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC, isenzakalo sokuklwejwa siqala ukuvela, okubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomphumela othile ekwandiseni i-viscosity yokunamathisela usimende, futhi umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-CMC ubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC. amabhamuza omoya.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kusuka kugrafu yomugqa womthelela wesikhathi sokuma ku-fluidity, kungabonakala ukuthi uketshezi ngesigamu sehora kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesokuqala nehora elilodwa, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, ukuthambekela kuba buthaka. Sekukonke, ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity akukukhulu, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okusobala ku-slurry, futhi inomphumela othile wokuvinjelwa.
Kungabonakala ekuqapheliseni ukuthi uketshezi luzwela ngokwedlulele kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC. Kububanzi bokuhlola, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kukhulu, kuncane uketshezi. Kunzima ngokuyisisekelo ukugcwalisa isikhunta se-fluidity cone ngokwaso ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lamanzi. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC, ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity okubangelwa isikhathi akukukhulu ku-slurry ehlanzekile.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Iqembu elingenalutho linesimo sokopha, futhi kungabonakala ekushintsheni okubukhali koketshezi ngomthamo wokuthi i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okunamandla kanye nomthelela wokujiya kune-CMC, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni isenzakalo sokopha. Amabhamuza amakhulu omoya akufanele aqondwe njengomphumela wokungena emoyeni. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokwenyuka kwe-viscosity, umoya oxutshwe phakathi ngesikhathi sokunyakazisa awukwazi ukushaywa ube amabhamuza omoya amancane ngoba i-slurry i-viscous kakhulu.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kusukela kugrafu yomugqa wethonya lokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC (150,000) ku-fluidity, ithonya loshintsho lokuqukethwe ku-fluidity lisobala kakhulu kunalelo le-100,000 HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kuzonciphisa. ubumanzi.
Ngokuqondene nokubhekwa, ngokuya ngenkambo yonke yokushintsha koketshezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphumela wokuhlehlisa isigamu sehora we-HPMC (150,000) uyabonakala, kuyilapho umphumela we--4, mubi kakhulu kunalowo we-HPMC (100,000) .
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kwakuphuma igazi eqenjini elingenalutho. Isizathu sokuklwebha ipuleti kwakungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso samanzi nosimende we-slurry engezansi saba sincane ngemva kokopha, futhi udaka lwaluminyene futhi kunzima ukukhuhla epuleti lengilazi. Ukwengezwa kwe-HPMC kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni isenzakalo sokopha. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe, inani elincane lamabhamuza amancane laqala lavela kwase kuba amabhamuza amakhulu. Amabhamuza amancane abangelwa ikakhulukazi imbangela ethile. Ngokufanayo, amabhamuza amakhulu akufanele aqondwe njengomphumela wokungena emoyeni. Eqinisweni, ngemva kokwanda kwe-viscosity, umoya oxubene phakathi nenqubo yokunyakazisa ubonakala kakhulu futhi awukwazi ukuchichima odongeni.
3.3 Ukuhlolwa komthelela kwe-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry yezingxenye eziningi zezinto zikasimende
Lesi sigaba sihlola ikakhulukazi umthelela wokusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezingxube ezimbalwa nama-cellulose ethers amathathu (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) ku-fluidity ye-pulp.
Ngokufanayo, amaqembu amathathu namaqembu amane okuhlola asetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Ku-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, umthamo ongu-0%, 0.10%, no-0.2%, okungukuthi 0g, 0.3g, kanye no-0.6g (umthamo usimende wokuhlolwa ngakunye ungama-300g). Ku-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, umthamo ngu-0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, okungukuthi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Okuqukethwe kwe-PC ye-powder kulawulwa ku-0.2%.
I-fly ash kanye ne-slag powder ku-admixture yamaminerali ithathelwa indawo ngenani elifanayo lendlela yokuxuba yangaphakathi, futhi amazinga okuxuba aphakathi kuka-10%, 20% no-30%, okungukuthi, inani lokushintshwa ngu-30g, 60g no-90g. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ithonya lomsebenzi ophezulu, ukuncipha, kanye nesimo, okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kulawulwa ku-3%, 6%, no-9%, okungukuthi, 9g, 18g, kanye no-27g.
3.3.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity ye-slurry emsulwa ye-binary cementitious material
(1) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi lwezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali..
(2) Uhlelo lokuhlola ubumanzi bezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali..
(3) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi lwezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali..
3.3.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikasimende ezinezingxenye eziningi.
(1) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola uketshezi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-CMC kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali..
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kungakhuphula ngempumelelo i-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry, futhi kuvame ukwanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe komlotha wempukane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-CMC kukhula, i-fluidity iyancipha kancane, futhi ukwehla okukhulu kungu-20mm.
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-fluidity yokuqala ye-slurry ehlanzekile inganyuswa ngesilinganiso esiphansi se-mineral powder, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fluidity akusabonakali uma umthamo ungaphezu kuka-20%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani le-CMC ku-O. Ku-1%, i-fluidity iphezulu.
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume ngokuvamile kunomphumela omubi obalulekile ekuphumeni kokuqala kwe-slurry. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-CMC iphinde yehlise kancane uketshezi.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yehora lesigamu sezinto zikasimende ezimsulwa ezixutshwe ne-CMC nezixube ezahlukahlukene zamaminerali..
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fluidity ye-fly ash isigamu sehora kusebenza kahle ngesilinganiso esiphansi, kodwa kungase futhi kube ngenxa yokuthi kuseduze nomkhawulo wokugeleza we-slurry ehlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CMC isenokwehliswa okuncane koketshezi.
Ukwengeza, uma kuqhathaniswa noketshezi lokuqala nesigamu sehora, kungatholakala ukuthi umlotha omningi wempukane unenzuzo ukulawula ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kungabonakala kulokhu ukuthi inani eliphelele le-powder yamaminerali alinawo umphumela omubi ocacile ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile isigamu sehora, futhi ukujwayelekile akunamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ku-fluidity ngesigamu sehora awubonakali, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kweqembu lokushintshwa kwe-mineral powder esikhundleni se-20% kusobala.
Kungabonakala ukuthi umthelela omubi we-fluidity we-slurry ehlanzekile nenani le-silica fume isigamu sehora usobala kakhulu kunowokuqala, ikakhulukazi umphumela ebangeni lika-6% kuya ku-9% ubonakala ngokucacile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ku-fluidity cishe ngo-30mm, okungaphezu kokuncipha kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC kuya kokuqala.
(2) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola uketshezi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi umphumela womlotha wempukane ekuphumeni kwamanzi ubonakala ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa kutholakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi umlotha wempukane awunawo umphumela osobala wokuthuthukisa ukopha. Ukwengeza, umphumela wokunciphisa we-HPMC ku-fluidity usobala kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ebangeni lika-0.1% kuya ku-0.15% wesilinganiso esiphezulu, ukwehla okuphezulu kungafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-50mm).
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-powder yamaminerali inomphumela omncane ku-fluidity, futhi ayithuthukisi kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wokunciphisa we-HPMC ku-fluidity ufinyelela ku-60mm ebangeni lika-0.1%.～I-0.15% yomthamo ophezulu.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwe-fluidity ye-silica fume kubonakala kakhulu ebangeni elikhulu lemithamo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthu ye-silica inomphumela osobala wokuthuthukisa ukopha esivivinyweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-HPMC inomthelela osobala ekwehliseni uketshezi (ikakhulukazi ebangeni lemithamo ephezulu (0.1% ukuya ku-0.15%). Ngokuya ngezici ezinomthelela woketshezi, i-silica fume ne-HPMC idlala indima ebalulekile, futhi enye I-admixture isebenza njengensiza yokulungiswa okuncane.
Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngokuvamile, umphumela wezingxube ezintathu ku-fluidity ufana nenani lokuqala. Uma intuthu ye-silica isezingeni eliphezulu elingu-9% futhi okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-O. Esimeni sika-15%, isenzakalo sokuthi idatha ayikwazanga ukuqoqwa ngenxa yesimo esibi sodaka kube nzima ukugcwalisa isikhunta sekhoni. , okubonisa ukuthi i-viscosity ye-silica fume ne-HPMC inyuke kakhulu ngemithamo ephezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CMC, umphumela okhulayo we-viscosity we-HPMC usobala kakhulu.
(3) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola uketshezi lwento exubene nosimende exutshwe ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
Kulokhu, kungabonakala ukuthi i-HPMC (150,000) kanye ne-HPMC (100,000) banemiphumela efanayo ku-slurry, kodwa i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inokwehla okukhudlwana kokugeleza kwamanzi, kodwa akubonakali, okumele kuhlotshaniswe nokuqedwa. ye-HPMC. Ijubane linobudlelwano obuthile. Phakathi kwezixube, umphumela wokuqukethwe komlotha we-fly ku-fluidity ye-slurry ngokuyisisekelo iqondile futhi ilungile, kanti u-30% wokuqukethwe ungandisa uketshezi ngo-20,-,30mm; Umphumela awubonakali, futhi umphumela wawo wokuthuthukisa ekuphumeni kwegazi unomkhawulo; ngisho nasezingeni elincane lethamo elingaphansi kuka-10%, intuthu ye-silica inomphumela osobala kakhulu ekwehliseni ukopha, futhi indawo yayo ethile engaphezulu icishe ibe yinkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunesikasimende. ukuhleleka kobukhulu, umphumela wokukhangisa kwawo kwamanzi ekuhambeni ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, ebangeni elihlukile lomthamo womthamo, izici ezithinta ukugcwala kwe-slurry, umthamo we-silica fume kanye ne-HPMC iyisici esiyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawula ukopha noma ukulawulwa kokugeleza. okusobala kakhulu, okunye Umphumela wezingxube ungowesibili futhi udlala indima yokusiza yokulungiswa.
Ingxenye yesithathu ifingqa umthelela we-HPMC (150,000) kanye nezixube ku-fluidity ye-pulp ehlanzekile ngesigamu sehora, okuvame ukufana nomthetho wethonya yenani lokuqala. Kungatholakala ukuthi ukwanda komlotha wempukane ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile isigamu sehora kubonakala kancane kunokwanda kwe-fluidity yokuqala, ithonya le-slag powder namanje alibonakali, futhi ithonya lokuqukethwe kwe-silica fume ku-fluidity. kusasobala kakhulu. Ukwengeza, mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, kunezinto eziningi ezingenakuthululwa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu, okubonisa ukuthi umthamo wayo we-O. 15% unomphumela obalulekile ekwandiseni i-viscosity nokunciphisa uketshezi, futhi mayelana noketshezi ngesigamu. ihora, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lokuqala, i-O yeqembu le-slag. I-fluidity engu-05% ye-HPMC yehle ngokusobala.
Mayelana nokulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufakwa kwentuthu ye-silica kunomthelela omkhulu kuyo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi intuthu ye-silica inokucoleka okukhulu, umsebenzi ophezulu, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye nekhono elinamandla lokumunca umswakama, okuholela ekuzweleni okulinganiselwe. fluidity kuya isikhathi sokuma. Kuya.
3.4 Ukuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity yodaka olususelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi
3.4.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ekuncipheni kodaka olusekelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi
Sebenzisa udaka olunoketshezi oluningi ukuze ubone umphumela wawo ekusebenzeni. Inkomba yereferensi eyinhloko lapha ukuhlolwa koketshezi lodaka lokuqala nesigamu sehora.
Izinto ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezithinta ukuhamba:
1 izinhlobo ze-cellulose ethers,
2 Umthamo we-cellulose ether,
3 Isikhathi sokuma sodaka
3.4.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela we-cellulose ether ekuketshezini kodaka olususelwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi.
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlola uketshezi lukasimende oluhlanzekile oluxutshwe ne-CMC
Isifinyezo nokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amathathu anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, ngokuya nge-fluidity yokuqala, ngokungezwa kwe-CMC, i-fluidity yokuqala yehla kancane, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kufinyelela ku-O. Ku-15%, kukhona ukwehla okusobala; ububanzi obunciphayo be-fluidity ngokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe ngesigamu sehora bufana nenani lokuqala.
2. Uphawu:
Uma sikhuluma, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-slurry ehlanzekile, ukufakwa kwama-aggregate odakeni kwenza kube lula ngamabhamuza omoya ukuba afakwe odongeni, futhi umphumela wokuvimba wamaqoqo ezindaweni ezophayo nakho kuzokwenza kube lula ngamabhamuza omoya noma ukopha ukuba kugcinwe. Ngakho-ke, endaweni edakayo, okuqukethwe kwebhamuza lomoya kanye nosayizi wodaka kufanele kube kukhulu futhi kukhulu kunokwe-slurry ehlanzekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC, uketshezi luyehla, okubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomphumela othile wokuqina odakeni, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-fluidity kwesigamu sehora kubonisa ukuthi amabhamuza aphuphuma ebusweni. ukwanda kancane. , okubuye kube ukubonakaliswa kokuvumelana okukhuphukayo, futhi lapho ukuguquguquka kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, ama-bubbles azoba nzima ukuchichima, futhi awekho ama-bubbles acacile azobonakala phezulu.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-HPMC (100,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, i-fluidity iyancipha kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CMC, i-HPMC inomphumela wokujiya onamandla. Umphumela nokugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono. Kusukela ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.1%, ububanzi bezinguquko ze-fluidity busobala kakhulu, futhi ukusuka ku-O. Ngemva kuka-1%, akukho ukuguqulwa kokuqala noma kwesigamu sehora ku-fluidity enkulu kakhulu.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Kuyabonakala etafuleni nakumfanekiso ukuthi awekho ngokuyisisekelo amabhamuza emaqenjini amabili e-Mh2 ne-Mh3, okubonisa ukuthi i-viscosity yamaqembu amabili isivele inkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, okuvimbela ukuchichima kwamabhamuza odaka.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-HPMC (150,000)
Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa:
1. Inkomba yokuhamba:
Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amaningana anesikhathi esifanayo sokuma, inkambiso evamile ukuthi kokubili ukuncipha kwamanzi okuqala nesigamu sehora kuyehla ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, futhi ukwehla kusobala kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-100,000, okubonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC kwenza ikhule. Umphumela wokuqina uyaqiniswa, kodwa ku-O. Umthelela womthamo ongaphansi kuka-05% awubonakali, i-fluidity inoshintsho olukhulu ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.1%, futhi ukuthambekela kuphinda ku-0.1% kuze kufike ku-0.15%. Yehlisa ijubane, noma yeka ukushintsha. Uma kuqhathaniswa amanani okulahleka kwe-fluidity yesigamu sehora (uketshezi lokuqala kanye ne-fluidity yehora lesigamu) ye-HPMC enama-viscosities amabili, kungatholakala ukuthi i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephezulu inganciphisa inani lokulahlekelwa, okubonisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kanye nokusetha umphumela wokubuyisela emuva kangcono kunaleyo ye-viscosity ephansi.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwencazelo ye-Phenomenon:
Ngokuphathelene nokulawula ukopha, ama-HPMC amabili anomehluko omncane ekusebenzeni, kokubili okungagcina ngokuphumelelayo amanzi futhi ashube, aqede imiphumela emibi yokopha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo avumele ama-bubbles ukuba agcwale ngokuphumelelayo.
3.5 Ukuhlola umphumela we-cellulose ether ku-fluidity of high fluidity mortar yamasistimu ezinto ezihlukene zikasimende
3.5.1 Isikimu sokuhlola umphumela wama-cellulose ethers ekuncipheni kodaka olunoketshezi oluningi lwamasistimu ezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikasimende
Udaka olune-fluidity ephezulu lusasetshenziswa ukuze kubonwe umthelela walo ekungeneni kwamanzi. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zenkomba ukutholwa koketshezi kodaka lwehora lokuqala nesigamu.
(1) Uhlelo lokuhlola lokumanzisa kodaka ngezinto zikasimende ezixubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali.
(2) Uhlelo lokuhlola loketshezi olunodaka olune-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezinsimbi zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
(3) Uhlelo lokuhlola uketshezi olunodaka olune-HPMC (i-viscosity 150,000) kanye nezinsimbi zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
3.5.2 Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekuncipheni kodaka oluwuketshezi oluningi ohlelweni lwezinto zikasimende ezimbaxambili zengxubevange yamaminerali ahlukahlukene Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa.
(1) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa koketshezi olumanzi lukadaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-fluidity yokuqala, kungaphetha ngokuthi ukungezwa komlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, i-fluidity yodaka ingathuthukiswa kancane; futhi i-silica fume inomthelela omkhulu ku-fluidity , ikakhulukazi ebangeni lokuhluka kokuqukethwe okungu-6%~9%, okuholela ekwehleni koketshezi olucishe lube ngu-90mm.
Emaqenjini amabili omlotha wempukane nempushana yamaminerali, i-CMC inciphisa uketshezi lodaka ngezinga elithile, kuyilapho eqenjini le-silica fume, O. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CMC ngaphezu kuka-1% akusaphazamisi kakhulu uketshezi lodaka.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-CMC nezixube ezihlukahlukene.
Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola ye-fluidity ngesigamu sehora, kungaphetha ngokuthi umphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-admixture ne-CMC ufana nowokuqala, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-CMC eqenjini le-mineral powder kushintsha kusuka ku-O. 1% kuya ku- O. Ushintsho luka-2% lukhulu, ngo-30mm.
Ngokuphathelene nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlotha wempukane unomphumela wokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa, kuyilapho i-mineral powder ne-silica fume izokwandisa inani lokulahlekelwa ngaphansi komthamo ophezulu. Imithamo engu-9% ye-silica fume idala ukuthi isikhunta sokuhlola singagcwaliswa ngokwaso. , i-fluidity ayikwazi ukulinganiswa ngokunembile.
(2) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusengaphethwa ngokuhlolwa ukuthi ukwengeza umlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, i-fluidity yodaka ingathuthukiswa kancane; Umthamo uzwela kakhulu, futhi iqembu le-HPMC elinethamo eliphezulu elingu-9% linezindawo ezifile, futhi uketshezi luyanyamalala.
Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kanye ne-silica fume nakho kuyizici ezisobala kakhulu ezithinta uketshezi lodaka. Umphumela we-HPMC ngokusobala mkhulu kunowe-CMC. Amanye ama-admixtures angathuthukisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
(3) Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa koketshezi olumanzi lukadaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (i-viscosity engu-150,000) kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity eyingxenye yehora yodaka lukasimende oluxubene ne-HPMC (viscosity 150,000) nezixube ezihlukahlukene
Kusengaphethwa ngokuhlolwa ukuthi ukwengeza umlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa kancane uketshezi lodaka; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-mineral powder kungu-10%, uketshezi lodaka lungathuthukiswa kancane: i-silica fume isasebenza kahle kakhulu ekuxazululeni into yokopha, kuyilapho i-Fluidity iwumphumela omubi kakhulu, kodwa ingasebenzi kahle kunomphumela wayo kuma-slurries ahlanzekile. .
Inani elikhulu lamabala afile livele ngaphansi kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose ether (ikakhulukazi etafuleni le-fluidity yehora lesigamu), okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni uketshezi lodaka, futhi i-mineral powder kanye nomlotha wempukane kungathuthukisa ukulahlekelwa. of fluidity ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
3.5 Isifingqo Sesahluko
1. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa koketshezi lokunamathisela usimende okumsulwa okuxutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi
1. I-CMC inemiphumela ethile yokuhlehlisa kanye neyokufaka umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthakathaka, nokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC usobala, futhi unethonya elibalulekile kuhulumeni, futhi uketshezi lwehla kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe. Inomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, futhi ukuqina kuyabonakala. I-15% izodala amabhamuza amakhulu odaka, okuzolimaza amandla. Ngokukhula kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC, ukulahlekelwa okuncike esikhathini sokugeleza kwe-slurry kukhuphuke kancane, kodwa akubonakali.
2. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-slurry fluidity yesistimu ye-gelling kanambambili yengxube yamaminerali ehlukahlukene exutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi:
1. Umthetho wethonya wama-ether amathathu e-cellulose ku-fluidity of the slurry of the binary cementitious system of various mineral admixtures unezici ezifana nomthetho wethonya we-fluidity of the purecement slurry. I-CMC inomphumela omncane ekulawuleni ukopha, futhi inomphumela obuthakathaka ekunciphiseni uketshezi; izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zingandisa i-viscosity ye-slurry futhi zinciphise uketshezi ngokuphawulekayo, futhi leyo ene-viscosity ephakeme inomphumela osobala kakhudlwana.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, umlotha wempukane unezinga elithile lokuthuthuka ku-fluidity yokuqala nesigamu sehora le-slurry ehlanzekile, futhi okuqukethwe okungama-30% kungandiswa cishe ngo-30mm; umphumela we-mineral powder ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile ayinakho ukujwayelekile okusobala; i-silicon Nakuba okuqukethwe komlotha kuphansi, ubucwebe bayo obuyingqayizivele be-ultra-fineness, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye ne-adsorption eqinile kuyenza inciphise kakhulu i-fluidity ye-slurry, ikakhulukazi uma i-0.15% ye-HPMC yengezwe, kuzoba khona isikhunta se-cone esingakwazi ukugcwaliswa. Umkhuba.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali, futhi intuthu ye-silica ngokusobala inganciphisa inani lokopha.
4. Mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwe-fluidity kwesigamu sehora, inani lokulahlekelwa komlotha wempukane lincane, futhi inani lokulahlekelwa leqembu elihlanganisa i-silica fume likhudlwana.
5. Ohlelweni oluhlukahlukene lokuhlukahluka lokuqukethwe, izici ezithinta ukugeleza kodaka, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawula ukopha noma ukulawulwa kwesimo sokugeleza, kusobala ngokuqhathaniswa. Umthelela we-mineral powder kanye ne-mineral powder ungowesibili, futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
3. Ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa koketshezi lukasimende omsulwa oxutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, kungabonakala ukuthi
1. Ngemva kokwengeza ama-ether amathathu e-cellulose, isenzakalo sokopha saqedwa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi uketshezi lodaka ngokuvamile lwehla. Ukuqina okuthile, umphumela wokugcina amanzi. I-CMC inemiphumela ethile yokubambezeleka kanye neyokufaka umoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubuthakathaka, nokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Ngemva kokwengeza i-CMC, ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lodaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyanda, okungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi i-CMC iyi-ionic cellulose ether, okulula ukwenza imvula nge-Ca2+ kusimende.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-ether amathathu e-cellulose kubonisa ukuthi i-CMC inomthelela omncane ku-fluidity, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukugeleza kodaka kokuqukethwe kwe-1/1000, futhi leyo ene-viscosity ephakeme ingaphezulu kancane. sobala.
4. Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ethers zinomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, okuzokwenza ukuthi amabhamuza angaphezulu agcwale, kodwa lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, amabhamuza ahlala ku-slurry. i-slurry futhi ayikwazi ukuchichima.
5. Umphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi we-HPMC usobala, onomthelela omkhulu esimweni sengxube, futhi uketshezi luyancipha kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe, futhi ukuqina kuyabonakala.
4. Qhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-fluidity kwezimbiwa eziningi zikasimende ezixubile kanambambili ezixutshwe nama-ether amathathu e-cellulose.
Njengoba kubonakala:
1. Umthetho wethonya wama-ether amathathu e-cellulose ku-fluidity yodaka lwento eyizingxenye eziningi ufana nomthetho wethonya ku-fluidity of slurry pure. I-CMC inomphumela omncane ekulawuleni ukopha, futhi inomphumela obuthakathaka ekunciphiseni uketshezi; izinhlobo ezimbili ze-HPMC zingakhuphula i-viscosity yodaka futhi zinciphise uketshezi ngokuphawulekayo, kanti lena ene-viscosity ephakeme inomphumela osobala kakhudlwana.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, umlotha wempukane unezinga elithile lokuthuthuka ku-fluidity yokuqala nengxenye yehora ye-slurry ehlanzekile; ithonya le-slag powder ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile ayinakho ukujwayelekile okusobala; nakuba okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kuphansi, yayo I-ultra-fineness eyingqayizivele, ukusabela okusheshayo kanye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu wokunciphisa ku-fluidity ye-slurry. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlola yokunamathisela okuhlanzekile, kutholakala ukuthi umphumela we-admixtures uvame ukuba buthaka.
3. Ekulawuleni ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali, futhi intuthu ye-silica ngokusobala inganciphisa inani lokopha.
4. Ebangeni elihlukene lokwehluka lomthamo, izici ezithinta ukuguquguquka kodaka, umthamo we-HPMC kanye ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulawulwa ukopha noma ukulawulwa kwesimo sokugeleza, kungaphezulu. okusobala, i-silica fume 9% Uma okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-0.15%, kulula ukubangela ukuba isikhunta sokugcwalisa sibe nzima ukugcwalisa, futhi umthelela wezinye izingxube ungowesibili futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
5. Kuzoba namabhamuza phezu kodaka olunoketshezi olungaphezu kuka-250mm, kodwa iqembu elingenalutho elingenayo i-cellulose ether ngokuvamile alinawo amabhamuza noma inani elincane kakhulu lamabhamuza, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomoya othile wokungenisa umoya. umphumela futhi wenze i-slurry viscous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-viscosity eyeqile yodaka olunoketshezi olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuthi amabhamuza omoya antante phezulu ngomphumela wokuzilinganisa we-slurry, kodwa agcinwe odakeni, futhi ithonya lawo emandleni alikwazi indiva.
Isahluko 4 Imithelela Ye-Cellulose Ethers Ezimpahleni Zomshini Zodaka
Isahluko esandulele sifunde umphumela wokusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali ku-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile kanye nodaka oluphezulu lwe-fluidity. Lesi sahluko sihlaziya ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezixube ezihlukahlukene kudaka olumanzi oluphakeme kanye nomthelela wamandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka olubophayo, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okubopha okuqinile kodaka olubophayo kanye ne-cellulose ether namaminerali. izingxube nazo ziyafingqwa futhi zihlaziywe.
Ngokocwaningo mayelana nokusebenza kokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kuya ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende zokunamathisela okuhlanzekile nodaka eSahlukweni 3, esicini sokuhlolwa kwamandla, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungu-0.1%.
4.1 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezelayo nokuguquguqukayo kodaka olumanzi olumanzi
Amandla acindezelayo naguquguqukayo wengxube yamaminerali nama-cellulose ethers kudaka olufakwe uketshezi oluningi aphenyiwe.
4.1.1 Ukuhlolwa komthelela emandleni acindezelayo namandla aguqukayo odaka olususelwe kusimende olunamanzi amaningi
Umthelela wezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ether ezimpahleni ezicindezelayo neziguquguqukayo zodaka olusekwe kusimende olunoketshezi oluningi ngeminyaka ehlukahlukene kokuqukethwe okungashintshi okungu-0.1% kwenziwe lapha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla okuqala: Ngokuphathelene namandla okuguquguquka, i-CMC inomphumela othile wokuqinisa, kuyilapho i-HPMC inomphumela othile wokunciphisa; mayelana namandla okucindezela, ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunomthetho ofanayo namandla okuguquguquka; i-viscosity ye-HPMC ithinta amandla amabili. Inomphumela omncane: ngokwesilinganiso se-pressure-fold ratio, womathathu ama-cellulose ether anganciphisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso se-pressure-fold ratio futhi athuthukise ukuguquguquka kodaka. Phakathi kwabo, i-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150,000 inomphumela osobala kakhulu.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhathaniswa kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa
Ukuhlaziya amandla ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa: Mayelana namandla okuguquguquka namandla okucindezela, kunomthetho ofanayo namandla wezinsuku ezintathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugoqa ukucindezela kwezinsuku ezintathu, kukhona ukunyuka okuncane kwamandla okugoqa ukucindezela. Nokho, ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha yenkathi efanayo yobudala kungabona umphumela we-HPMC ekwehlisweni kwesilinganiso sokugoqa ingcindezi. kusobala ngokuqhathaniswa.
(3) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhathaniswa kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili
Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili: Ngokuphathelene namandla aguquguqukayo namandla okucindezela, kunemithetho efanayo namandla ezinsuku ezintathu. Amandla e-flexural akhula kancane, futhi amandla okucindezela asakhula ngezinga elithile. Ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha yenkathi efanayo yobudala kubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inomphumela osobala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa.
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwamandla kwalesi sigaba, kutholakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-brittleness of mortar kunqunyelwe yi-CMC, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isilinganiso sokucindezela-ukugoqa siyakhuphuka, okwenza udaka lube brittle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umphumela wokugcina amanzi ujwayeleke kakhulu kunalowo we-HPMC, i-cellulose ether esiyicabangela ukuhlolwa kwamandla lapha yi-HPMC yama-viscosity amabili. Nakuba i-HPMC inomphumela othile ekwehliseni amandla (ikakhulukazi amandla okuqala), kuyazuzisa ukwehlisa isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-refraction, okuzuzisa ukuqina kodaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganiswe nezici ezithinta uketshezi eSahlukweni 3, ocwaningweni lokuhlanganisa okuxubekile kanye ne-CE Ekuhlolweni komphumela, sizosebenzisa i-HPMC (100,000) njenge-CE efanayo.
4.1.2 Ukuhlolwa komthelela wamandla acindezelayo namandla aguqukayo we-mineral admixture high fluidity mortar
Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwe-fluidity ye-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka oluxutshwe nezixube esahlukweni esandulele, kungabonakala ukuthi uketshezi lwe-silica fume luwohloka ngokusobala ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu samanzi, nakuba ngokwethiyori lungathuthukisa ukuminyana namandla ngezinga elithile. , ikakhulukazi amandla okucindezela, kodwa kulula ukwenza isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-kuya-goqeka sibe sikhulu kakhulu, okwenza isici se-mortar brittleness siphawuleke, futhi kuwukuvumelana ukuthi i-silica fume yandisa ukushwabana kodaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuntuleka kohlaka lwamathambo e-aggregate eqinile, inani le-shrinkage lodaka likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo. Odakeni (ikakhulukazi udaka olukhethekile olufana nodaka olubophayo nodaka lokuplasta), umonakalo omkhulu uvamise ukushwabana. Ngokuqhekeka okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, amandla ngokuvamile akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-silica fume yalahlwa njenge-admixture, futhi kuphela umlotha wempukane kanye ne-mineral powder yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola umphumela womphumela wayo oyinhlanganisela ne-cellulose ether emandleni.
4.1.2.1 Uhlelo lokuhlola amandla acindezelayo naguquguqukayo lodaka olunoketshezi oluningi
Kulesi sivivinyo, ingxenye yodaka ku-4.1.1 isetshenzisiwe, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kulungiswe ku-0.1% futhi kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho. Izinga lomthamo wokuhlolwa kwe-admixture ngu-0%, 10%, 20% no-30%.
4.1.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla acindezelayo naguqukayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kodaka olunoketshezi oluningi
Kungabonakala enanini lokuhlola amandla acindezelayo ukuthi amandla okucindezela angu-3d ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC cishe angaphansi ngo-5/VIPa kunalawo eqembu elingenalutho. Ngokuvamile, ngokwanda kwenani le-admixture engeziwe, amandla okucindezela abonisa inkambiso enciphayo. . Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, amandla eqembu le-powder yamaminerali ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yiyona engcono kakhulu, kuyilapho amandla eqembu lomlotha we-fly aphansi kancane kuneqembu le-mineral powder, okubonisa ukuthi i-mineral powder ayisebenzi njengosimende, futhi ukufakwa kwayo kuzonciphisa kancane amandla okuqala ohlelo. Umlotha wempukane ongasebenzi kahle unciphisa amandla ngokusobala. Isizathu sokuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umlotha wempukane ubamba iqhaza ngokuyinhloko ku-hydration yesibili kasimende, futhi awufaki isandla kakhulu emandleni okuqala odaka.
Kungabonakala kumanani wokuhlola amandla aguquguqukayo ukuthi i-HPMC isenomphumela omubi emandleni aguquguqukayo, kodwa lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kuphezulu, into yokunciphisa amandla e-flexural ayisabonakali. Isizathu kungaba umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC. Izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi endaweni yokuhlola ibhulokhi lehlisa ijubane, futhi amanzi okukhipha amanzi anele ngokwanele.
Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, amandla okuguquguquka abonisa umkhuba oyancipha ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-admixture, futhi amandla aguquguqukayo eqembu le-mineral powder nawo akhulu kancane kuneqembu le-fly ash, okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-mineral powder mkhulu kunomlotha wempukane.
Kungabonakala enanini elibaliwe lesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kuzokwehlisa ngokuphumelelayo isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka kodaka, kodwa empeleni kuyizindleko zokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla okucindezela.
Ngokuphathelene nama-admixtures, njengoba inani le-admixture landa, isilinganiso se-compression-fold ratio sivame ukwanda, okubonisa ukuthi i-admixture ayihambisani nokuguquguquka kodaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungatholakala ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela kwe-compression-fold mortar ngaphandle kwe-HPMC sikhuphuka ngokungezwa kwe-admixture. Ukwenyuka kukhudlwana kancane, okungukuthi, i-HPMC ingathuthukisa i-embrittlement yodaka olubangelwa ukungezwa kwezixube ngezinga elithile.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngenxa yamandla okucindezela we-7d, imiphumela emibi ye-admixtures ayisabonakali. Amanani wamandla acindezelayo acishe afane ezingeni ngalinye lomthamo we-admixture, futhi i-HPMC isenobubi obusobala kumandla okucindezela. umphumela.
Kungabonakala ukuthi mayelana namandla aguquguqukayo, i-admixture inomphumela omubi ku-7d ukumelana ne-flexural iyonke, futhi kuphela iqembu lama-powders amaminerali enza kangcono, ngokuyisisekelo agcinwe ku-11-12MPa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi i-admixture inomphumela omubi ngokwesilinganiso sokuhlehlisa. Ngokukhula kwenani le-admixture, isilinganiso se-indentation sikhula kancane kancane, okungukuthi, udaka luyi-brittle. I-HPMC ngokusobala inganciphisa isilinganiso sokucindezela futhi ithuthukise ukubola kodaka.
Kungabonakala ukuthi kusukela emandleni okucindezela angu-28d, i-admixture idlale umphumela onenzuzo osobala kakhulu emandleni akamuva, futhi amandla okucindezela anyuswe ngo-3-5MPa, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi umphumela wokugcwalisa okuncane kwe-admixture. kanye ne-pozzolanic substance. Umphumela wesibili we-hydration wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasebenzisa futhi udle i-calcium hydroxide ekhiqizwa usimende hydration (i-calcium hydroxide iyisigaba esibuthakathaka odakeni, futhi ukunothisa kwayo endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo kulimaza amandla), ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe Imikhiqizo eminingi yokufaka amanzi emzimbeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhuthaza idigri ye-hydration kasimende futhi yenze udaka luminyene kakhulu. I-HPMC isenomphumela omubi obalulekile emandleni acindezelayo, futhi amandla abuthakathaka angafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-10MPa. Ukuhlaziya izizathu, i-HPMC yethula inani elithile lamabhamuza omoya enqubweni yokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukubumbana komzimba wodaka. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu. I-HPMC ikhangiswa kalula ebusweni bezinhlayiya eziqinile ukuze yenze ifilimu, ivimbele inqubo yokugeleza kwamanzi, futhi indawo yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo ibuthakathaka, engahambisani namandla.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwamandla e-28d eguquguqukayo, idatha inokusabalalisa okukhulu kunamandla okucindezela, kodwa umphumela omubi we-HPMC usengabonakala.
Kungabonakala ukuthi, ngokombono wesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa, i-HPMC ngokuvamile inenzuzo ukunciphisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezelwa nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kodaka. Eqenjini elilodwa, ngokwanda kwenani le-admixtures, isilinganiso sokucindezela-refraction siyakhula. Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu kubonisa ukuthi i-admixture inentuthuko esobala emandleni okucindezela kamuva, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okulinganiselwe emandleni aguquguqukayo kamuva, okuholela ku-compression-refraction ratio. ngcono.
4.2 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezelwa nokuguquguquka kodaka oluboshiwe
Ukuze uhlole umthelela we-cellulose ether kanye ne-admixture kumandla acindezelayo namandla aguquguqukayo odaka oluhlanganisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwalungisa okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) njengo-0.30% wesisindo esomile sodaka. futhi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho.
Ama-Admixtures (fly ash kanye ne-slag powder) asahlolwa ku-0%, 10%, 20%, kanye no-30%.
4.2.1 Isikimu sokuhlola amandla acindezelayo naguqukayo wodaka oluhlanganisiwe
4.2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa komthelela wamandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka oluhlanganisiwe
Kungabonakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi i-HPMC ngokusobala ayilungile ngokwamandla okucindezela angama-28d odaka olubophayo, okuzokwenza amandla ehle cishe ngo-5MPa, kodwa inkomba eyinhloko yokwahlulela ikhwalithi yodaka lokubopha akuyona amandla okucindezela, ngakho-ke kuyamukeleka; Uma okuqukethwe okuyinhlanganisela kungu-20%, amandla okucindezela alungile uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi ngokombono wamandla aguquguqukayo, ukuncishiswa kwamandla okubangelwa i-HPMC akukukhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi udaka oluyisibopho lunokungamanzi kahle nezici zepulasitiki ezisobala uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olunoketshezi oluningi. Imiphumela emihle yokushelela nokugcinwa kwamanzi kuqeda ngempumelelo eminye yemiphumela engemihle yokwethulwa kwegesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukubumbana kanye nokuba buthaka kwesixhumi esibonakalayo; izingxube azinawo umthelela osobala emandleni aguquguqukayo, futhi idatha yeqembu lomlotha wezimpukane ishintshashintsha kancane.
Kungabonakala ekuhlolweni ukuthi, ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezela, ngokuvamile, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-admixture kwandisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ukucindezela, okungathandeki ekuqineni kodaka; I-HPMC inomphumela omuhle, onganciphisa isilinganiso sokunciphisa ingcindezi ngo-O. 5 ngenhla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngokusho kwe-“JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System”, ngokuvamile akukho mfuneko eyisibopho. ngokwesilinganiso sokugoqeka kokucindezelwa kunkomba yokutholwa kodaka olubophayo, futhi isilinganiso sokugoqa sokucindezelwa sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuze kukhawulwe ukushwabana kodaka olukhonkolo, futhi le nkomba isetshenziswa kuphela njengereferensi yokuguquguquka kokubopha. udaka.
4.3 Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina Kwebhondi Kodaka Lwe-Bonding
Ukuze uhlole umthetho onomthelela wokusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ye-cellulose ether kanye nengxube kumandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, bheka i-“JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior” kanye ne-“JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls” Insulation Isistimu”, senze ukuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi, sisebenzisa isilinganiso sodaka oluhlanganisiwe kuThebula 4.2.1, futhi silungisa okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) kuya ku-0 wesisindo esomile sodaka .30% , futhi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho.
Ama-Admixtures (fly ash kanye ne-slag powder) asahlolwa ku-0%, 10%, 20%, kanye no-30%.
4.3.1 Uhlelo lokuhlola amandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
4.3.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamandla ebhondi yodaka lwebhondi
(1) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi engu-14d yodaka olubophezelayo nodaka lukasimende
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi amaqembu angezwe nge-HPMC angcono kakhulu kuneqembu elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inenzuzo emandleni okubopha, ikakhulukazi ngoba umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC uvikela amanzi ekuxhumaneni kwesibopho phakathi kodaka nodaka. ibhulokhi yokuhlola udaka lukasimende. I-bonding mortar esibonakalayo inamanzi ngokugcwele, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa amandla ebhondi.
Ngokuphathelene nezixube, amandla ebhondi aphakeme kakhulu kumthamo we-10%, futhi nakuba i-hydration degree kanye nesivinini sikasimende singathuthukiswa ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, kuzoholela ekwehleni kwezinga eliphelele le-hydration ye-cementitious. impahla, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukunamathela. ukuncipha kwamandla efindo.
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi ngokwenani lokuhlola lokuqina kwesikhathi sokusebenza, idatha ihluke kakhulu, futhi ingxubevange inomphumela omncane, kodwa ngokuvamile, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwasekuqaleni, kuba khona ukwehla okuthile, futhi ukuncipha kwe-HPMC kuncane kunalelo kweqembu elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi Kuphetha ngokuthi umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-HPMC unenzuzo ekwehliseni ukuhlakazeka kwamanzi, ukuze ukuncipha kwamandla ebhondi yodaka kwehle ngemva kwe-2.5h.
(2) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi engu-14d yodaka lokubopha kanye nebhodi le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe
Kungabonakala ekuhloleni ukuthi inani lokuhlola lamandla ebhondi phakathi kodaka lokubopha kanye nebhodi le-polystyrene lihluke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kungabonakala ukuthi iqembu elixutshwe ne-HPMC lisebenza kangcono kuneqembu elingenalutho ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono. Nokho, ukufakwa kwezixube kunciphisa ukuzinza kokuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi.
4.4 Isifingqo Sesahluko
1. Ngodaka olunoketshezi oluningi, ngokukhula kweminyaka, isilinganiso sokugoqa esicindezelayo sinenkambiso ekhuphukayo; ukufakwa kwe-HPMC kunomphumela osobala wokunciphisa amandla (ukwehla kwamandla okucindezela kubonakala kakhudlwana), okubuye kuholele ekunciphiseni isilinganiso sokugoqa, okungukuthi, i-HPMC inosizo olusobala ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kodaka. . Ngokwamandla wezinsuku ezintathu, umlotha womlotha kanye ne-mineral powder ungenza umnikelo omncane emandleni ku-10%, kuyilapho amandla ehla ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sikhuphuka ngokunyuka kwezingxube zamaminerali; emandleni ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, Izingxube ezimbili zinethonya elincane emandleni, kodwa umphumela jikelele wokunciphisa amandla omlotha wempukane usabonakala; ngokwamandla ezinsuku ezingu-28, lezi zingxube ezimbili ziye zaba nomthelela emandleni, ukucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Zombili zinyuswe kancane, kodwa isilinganiso se-pressure-fold sanda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe.
2. Ngamandla we-28d okucindezelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kodaka oluhlanganisiwe, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kungu-20%, ukusebenza kwamandla okucindezelayo nokuguquguqukayo kungcono, futhi i-admixture isaholela ekwandeni okuncane kwe-compressive-fold ratio, ebonisa i-Adverse yayo. umphumela ekuqineni kodaka; I-HPMC iholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla, kodwa inganciphisa kakhulu isilinganiso sokuminyanisa ukuze sigoqe.
3. Mayelana namandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, i-HPMC inomthelela othile omuhle emandleni ebhondi. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umphumela wawo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa umswakama wodaka futhi uqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele; Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwengxube abujwayelekile, futhi ukusebenza kukonke kungcono ngodaka lukasimende lapho okuqukethwe kungu-10%.
Isahluko 5 Indlela Yokubikezela Amandla Acindezelayo Odaka Nokhonkolo
Kulesi sahluko, kuhlongozwa indlela yokubikezela amandla ezinto ezisekelwe kusimende ngokusekelwe ku-coefficient yomsebenzi we-admixture kanye nethiyori yamandla ye-FERET. Okokuqala sicabanga ngodaka njengohlobo olukhethekile lukakhonkolo olungenayo izilinganiso eziqinile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi amandla okucindezela ayinkomba ebalulekile yezinto ezisekelwe kusimende (ukhonkolo nodaka) ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Nokho, ngenxa yezici eziningi ezinethonya, ayikho imodeli yezibalo engabikezela ngokunembile ukuqina kwayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kodaka nokhonkolo. Amamodeli akhona wamandla okhonkolo anezinzuzo zawo siqu kanye nokubi: abanye babikezela amandla okhonkolo ngokusebenzisa i-porosity yekhonkrithi kusukela endaweni evamile yokubuka i-porosity yezinto eziqinile; okunye kugxile ethonyeni lobudlelwano besilinganiso se-water-binder emandleni. Leli phepha lihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-pozzolanic admixture nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, futhi lenza ukuthuthukiswa okuthile ukuze lenze linembe kakhulu ukubikezela amandla okucindezela.
5.1 Ithiyori Yamandla kaFeret
Ngo-1892, uFeret wasungula imodeli yokuqala yezibalo yokubikezela amandla acindezelayo. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe zikakhonkolo ezinikeziwe, ifomula yokubikezela amandla kakhonkolo ihlongozwa okokuqala ngqa.
Inzuzo yale fomula ukuthi ukugxila kwe-grout, okuhambisana namandla okukhonkolo, kunencazelo echazwe kahle yomzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya lokuqukethwe komoya liyacatshangelwa, futhi ukufaneleka kwefomula kungafakazelwa ngokomzimba. Isizathu sale fomula ukuthi iveza ulwazi lokuthi kunomkhawulo wamandla okukhonkolo angatholakala. Ububi ukuthi alinaki ithonya losayizi wezinhlayiyana ezihlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwezinhlayiyana kanye nohlobo lwe-aggregate. Uma ubikezela amandla kakhonkolo eminyakeni ehlukene ngokulungisa inani lika-K, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla ahlukene nobudala buvezwa njengesethi yokuhlukana ngomsuka wokuxhumanisa. Ijika alihambisani nesimo sangempela (ikakhulukazi uma iminyaka iyinde). Kunjalo, le fomula ehlongozwa yi-Feret yakhelwe udaka lwe-10.20MPa. Ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokugcwele nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okucindezela ukhonkolo kanye nomthelela wezingxenye ezikhulayo ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokhonkolo.
Kucatshangelwa lapha ukuthi amandla kakhonkolo (ikakhulukazi ukhonkolo ovamile) ngokuyinhloko kuncike emandleni odaka lukasimende kukhonkolo, futhi amandla odaka lukasimende kuncike ekugxilweni kokunamathisela usimende, okungukuthi, iphesenti levolumu. wezinto zikasimende ezinamathiselwe.
Ithiyori ihlobene eduze nomthelela we-void ratio factor emandleni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi inkolelo-mbono yabekwa ngaphambili, ithonya lezingxenye ze-admixture kumandla okhonkolo alizange licatshangelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, leli phepha lizokwethula i-coefficient ye-admixture esekelwe ku-coefficient yomsebenzi ukuze kulungiswe ingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesisekelo sale fomula, i-coefficient yethonya ye-porosity emandleni okhonkolo yakhiwa kabusha.
5.2 I-coefficient yomsebenzi
I-coefficient yomsebenzi, i-Kp, isetshenziselwa ukuchaza umthelela wezinto ze-pozzolanic kumandla okucindezela. Ngokusobala, kuncike esimweni sezinto ze-pozzolanic ngokwayo, kodwa futhi neminyaka yokukhonkolo. Umgomo wokunquma i-coefficient yomsebenzi ukuqhathanisa amandla okucindezela odaka olujwayelekile namandla okucindezela omunye udaka olunezingxube ze-pozzolanic futhi esikhundleni sikasimende ufake inani elifanayo lekhwalithi yesimende (izwe p ukuhlolwa kwe-coefficient yomsebenzi. Sebenzisa i-surrogate amaphesenti). Isilinganiso salokhu kuqina okubili kubizwa ngokuthi i-coefficient yomsebenzi FO), lapho u-t kuwubudala bodaka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma i-fO) ingaphansi kuka-1, umsebenzi we-pozzolan ungaphansi kokasimende r. Ngokuphambene, uma i-fO) inkulu kuno-1, i-pozzolan inokuphinda isebenze kabusha (lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma i-silica fume yengezwa).
Okokusebenza okuvamise ukusetshenziswa kumandla okucindezela ezinsuku ezingama-28, ngokusho ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder esetshenziswa usimende nokhonkolo) H90, i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-granulated blast furnace slag powder isesimende esivamile sikasimende Isilinganiso samandla etholwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sika-50% usimende ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash esetshenziswa usimende nokhonkolo), i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-fly ash itholakala ngemva kokufaka i-30% ye-cement ngesisekelo sosimende ojwayelekile we-cement; ukuhlolwa Ngokwe-“GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete”, i-coefficient yomsebenzi we-silica fume isilinganiso samandla esitholwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sika-10% usimende ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kodaka lukasimende olujwayelekile.
Ngokuvamile, i-granulated blast furnace slag powder Kp=0.95～1.10, fly ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Sicabanga ukuthi umphumela wawo emandleni uzimele usimende. Okusho ukuthi, indlela yokusabela kwe-pozzolanic kufanele ilawulwe ukuphinda kusebenze kwe-pozzolan, hhayi ngezinga lemvula ye-lime ye-cement hydration.
5.3 Ithonya i-coefficient ye-admixture emandleni
5.4 Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emandleni
5.5 Ithonya i-coefficient yokubunjwa okuhlanganisiwe kumandla
Ngokwemibono yosolwazi u-PK Mehta kanye ne-PC Aitcin e-United States, ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu namandla ezakhiwo ze-HPC ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso sevolumu yodaka lukasimende ukuhlanganisa kufanele sibe ngu-35:65 [4810] Ngoba of the plasticity jikelele kanye fluidity Inani eliphelele lokuhlanganisa ukhonkolo alishintshi kakhulu. Inqobo nje uma amandla engqikithi yesisekelo esihlanganisiwe ngokwawo ehlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa, umthelela yenani eliphelele lesamba samandla awanakwa, futhi ingxenye ephelele yengxenye inganqunywa phakathi kuka-60-70% ngokuya ngezidingo zokuwohloka. .
Kukholelwa ukuthi isilinganiso sama-coarse and fine aggregates sizoba nomthelela othile emandleni kakhonkolo. Njengoba sonke sazi, ingxenye ebuthaka kakhulu kukhonkolo indawo yokushintsha kwesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-aggregate nosimende nokunye okunamathiselwe kwe-cementitious material. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluleka kokugcina kokukhonkolo okuvamile kungenxa yokulimala kokuqala kwendawo yokuguqula isixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okubangelwa izici ezifana nomthwalo noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemifantu. Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi lifana, lapho indawo yokuguqula isixhumi esibonakalayo iba nkulu, kulula ukuqhekeka kokuqala kube ukuqhekeka okude ngemuva kokugxilisa ingcindezi. Okusho ukuthi, uma ama-aggregate amaholoholo anomumo wejiyomethri ovamile kanye nezikali ezinkulu endaweni yenguquko yesixhumi esibonakalayo, aba makhulu amathuba okugxilisa ingqondo emifantwini yokuqala, kanye nokubonakaliswa okukhulu kokuthi amandla kakhonkolo ayanda ngokwanda kweqoqo elimahhadla. isilinganiso. kuncishisiwe. Nokho, isisekelo esingenhla siwukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba kube isihlabathi esimaphakathi esinodaka oluncane kakhulu.
Izinga lesihlabathi nalo linethonya elithile ekuwohlokeni. Ngakho-ke, izinga lesihlabathi lingasethwa kusengaphambili yizidingo zokuwohloka, futhi linganqunywa phakathi kuka-32% kuya ku-46% kokhonkolo ojwayelekile.
Inani kanye nenhlobonhlobo yezixube nezixube zamaminerali kunqunywa ngengxube yesilingo. Kukhonkolo ojwayelekile, inani lengxube yamaminerali kufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-40%, kuyilapho kukhonkolo yamandla aphezulu, intuthu ye-silica akufanele idlule u-10%. Isamba sikasimende akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwama-500kg/m3.
5.6 Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yokubikezela ukuqondisa isibonelo sokubala kwesilinganiso sengxubevange
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zimi kanje:
Usimende ungusimende u-E042.5 okhiqizwe iLubi Cement Factory, iDolobha laseLaiwu, esifundazweni saseShandong, kanti ukuminyana kwawo kungu-3.19/cm3;
I-fly ash iyi-grade II ball ash ekhiqizwa yiJinan Huangtai Power Plant, futhi i-coefficient yayo yomsebenzi ngu-O. 828, ukuminyana kwayo ngu-2.59 / cm3;
I-silica fume ekhiqizwa yi-Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ine-coefficient yomsebenzi engu-1.10 kanye nokuminyana okungu-2.59/cm3;
Isihlabathi somfula esomile sase-Taian sinokuminyana okungu-2.6 g/cm3, ukuminyana ngobuningi okungu-1480kg/m3, kanye ne-fineness modulus engu-Mx=2.8;
IJinan Ganggou ikhiqiza itshe elomile elichotshoziwe elingu-5-'25mm elinenqwaba yokuminyana okungu-1500kg/m3 kanye nokuminyana okungaba ngu-2.7∥cm3;
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esetshenzisiwe i-aliphatic esebenza kahle kakhulu yokunciphisa amanzi, enezinga lokunciphisa amanzi lika-20%; umthamo othize unqunywa ngokuhlola ngokuya ngezidingo zokuwohloka. Ukulungiswa kwesilingo sikakhonkolo we-C30, ukuwohloka kuyadingeka ukuthi kube kukhulu kuno-90mm.
1. amandla okwenza
2. ikhwalithi yesihlabathi
3. Ukunqunywa Kwezici Zethonya Zobukhulu Ngabunye
4. Cela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi
5. Umthamo we-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ulungiswa ngokuvumelana nemfuneko yokuwa. Umthamo ngu-1%, futhi i-Ma=4kg yengezwa kusisindo.
6. Ngale ndlela, isilinganiso sokubala sitholakala
7. Ngemuva kokuxubana kwesivivinyo, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuwohloka. Amandla okucindezela angu-28d akalwe angu-39.32MPa, ahlangabezana nezidingo.
5.7 Isifingqo Sesahluko
Esimeni sokuziba ukusebenzisana kwezingxube I no-F, sixoxisane nge-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla ka-Feret, futhi sathola umthelela wezinto eziningi kumandla kakhonkolo:
1 Ukhonkolo oxubile unomthelela ku-coefficient
2 Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi
3 Ithonya le-coefficient yokubunjwa okuhlanganisiwe
4 Ukuqhathanisa kwangempela. Kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi indlela yokubikezela amandla angu-28d kakhonkolo ethuthukisiwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret ivumelana kahle nesimo sangempela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kodaka nokhonkolo.
Isahluko 6 Isiphetho kanye ne-Outlook
6.1 Iziphetho ezisemqoka
Ingxenye yokuqala iqhathanisa ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwe-slurry ehlanzekile kanye ne-mortar fluidity yengxube yamaminerali ahlukahlukene exutshwe nezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ether, futhi ithola le mithetho esemqoka elandelayo:
1. I-Cellulose ether inemiphumela ethile yokuhlehlisa kanye ne-air-entraining. Phakathi kwazo, i-CMC inomphumela obuthakathaka wokugcina amanzi kumthamo ophansi, futhi inokulahlekelwa okuthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kuyilapho i-HPMC inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphawulekayo kanye nomphumela wokujiya, okunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo uketshezi lwe-pulp nodaka oluhlanzekile, futhi Umphumela wokujiya we-HPMC nge-viscosity ephezulu yegama ubonakala kancane.
2. Phakathi kwezixube, i-fluidity yokuqala nengxenye yehora lomlotha wempukane ku-slurry nodaka oluhlanzekile kuye kwathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Okuqukethwe okungu-30% kokuhlolwa kwe-slurry okuhlanzekile kungakhuliswa cishe ngo-30mm; i-fluidity ye-powder yamaminerali ku-slurry ehlanzekile nodaka Awukho umthetho ocacile wethonya; nakuba okuqukethwe kwe-silica fume kuphansi, ubuhle bayo obuyingqayizivele be-ultra-fineness, ukusabela okusheshayo, kanye ne-adsorption enamandla kuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu wokunciphisa uketshezi lwe-slurry nodaka oluhlanzekile, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa no-0.15 Uma %HPMC, kuzoba khona into yokuthi i-cone die ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-slurry ehlanzekile, kutholakala ukuthi umphumela we-admixture ekuhlolweni kodaka uvame ukuba buthaka. Mayelana nokulawula ukopha, umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana yamaminerali akubonakali. I-silica fume inganciphisa kakhulu inani lokopha, kodwa ayihambisani nokunciphisa uketshezi lwe-mortar kanye nokulahlekelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kulula ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza.
3. Ebangeni elifanele lezinguquko zemithamo, izici ezithinta uketshezi lwe-slurry esekwe kusimende, umthamo we-HPMC kanye ne-silica fume yizici eziyinhloko, kokubili ekulawuleni ukopha nokulawula isimo sokugeleza, zisobala ngokuqhathaniswa. Umthelela womlotha wamalahle kanye ne-mineral powder ungowesibili futhi udlala indima eyisizayo yokulungisa.
4. Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ethers zinomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, okuzokwenza ukuthi amabhamuza agcwale ebusweni bodaka olumsulwa. Kodwa-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kufinyelela ngaphezu kwe-0.1%, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-slurry, ama-bubbles awakwazi ukugcinwa ku-slurry. phuphuma. Kuzoba namabhamuza phezu kodaka olunoketshezi olungaphezu kuka-250ram, kodwa iqembu elingenalutho elingenayo i-cellulose ether ngokuvamile alinawo amabhamuza noma inani elincane kakhulu lamabhamuza, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya futhi lenza udaka. i-viscous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-viscosity eyeqile yodaka olunoketshezi olungenamanzi, kunzima ukuthi amabhamuza omoya antante phezulu ngomphumela wokuzilinganisa we-slurry, kodwa agcinwe odakeni, futhi ithonya lawo emandleni alikwazi indiva.
Ingxenye II Izakhiwo Zemishini Yodaka
1. Ngodaka olunoketshezi oluningi, ngokukhula kweminyaka, isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sinomkhuba okhuphukayo; ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunomphumela obalulekile wokunciphisa amandla (ukwehla kwamandla okucindezela kubonakala kakhulu), okubuye kuholele ekuchotshozweni Ukuncipha kwesilinganiso, okungukuthi, i-HPMC inosizo olucacile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kodaka. Ngokwamandla wezinsuku ezintathu, umlotha womlotha kanye ne-mineral powder ungenza umnikelo omncane emandleni ku-10%, kuyilapho amandla ehla ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi isilinganiso sokuchotshozwa sikhuphuka ngokunyuka kwezingxube zamaminerali; emandleni ezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, Izingxube ezimbili zinethonya elincane emandleni, kodwa umphumela jikelele wokunciphisa amandla omlotha wempukane usabonakala; ngokwamandla ezinsuku ezingu-28, lezi zingxube ezimbili ziye zaba nomthelela emandleni, ukucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Zombili zinyuswe kancane, kodwa isilinganiso se-pressure-fold sanda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe.
2. Ngamandla we-28d okucindezelayo kanye nokuguquguquka kodaka oluboshiwe, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-admixture kungu-20%, amandla okucindezela nokuguquguqukayo angcono, futhi i-admixture isaholela ekwandeni okuncane kwesilinganiso sokucindezela-to-fold, okubonisa umphumela odakeni. Imiphumela emibi yokuqina; I-HPMC iholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla.
3. Mayelana namandla ebhondi yodaka oluboshiwe, i-HPMC inomthelela othile omuhle emandleni ebhondi. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kube ukuthi umphumela wawo wokugcina amanzi unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi odaka futhi uqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele. Amandla esibopho ahlobene ne-admixture. Ubudlelwano phakathi komthamo abukho njalo, futhi ukusebenza kukonke kungcono ngodaka lukasimende lapho umthamo ungu-10%.
4. I-CMC ayizifanelekeli izinto zikasimende ezisekelwe kusimende, umphumela wayo wokugcina amanzi awubonakali, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza udaka lube brittle; kuyilapho i-HPMC inganciphisa ngempumelelo isilinganiso sokuminyanisa-ukugoqa futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kodaka, kodwa kungenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwamandla okucindezela.
5. Izidingo eziphelele ze-fluidity namandla, okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC okungu-0.1% kufaneleka kakhulu. Uma i-fly ash isetshenziselwa udaka lwesakhiwo noma oluqinisiwe oludinga ukuqina okusheshayo namandla okuqala, umthamo akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu, futhi umthamo omkhulu ungaba ngu-10%. Izidingo; kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokungaqini kahle kwevolumu ye-mineral powder kanye ne-silica fume, kufanele zilawulwe ku-10% kanye no-n 3% ngokulandelanayo. Imiphumela ye-admixtures nama-cellulose ethers ayihlobene kakhulu, ne
abe nomphumela ozimele.
Ingxenye yesithathu Esimeni sokuziba ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-admixtures, ngengxoxo ye-coefficient yomsebenzi we-mineral admixtures kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret, umthetho wethonya wezinto eziningi kumandla kakhonkolo (udaka) uyatholakala:
1. I-mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Ithonya i-coefficient yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi
3. Isici sethonya sokwakheka okuhlanganisiwe
4. Ukuqhathanisa kwangempela kubonisa ukuthi indlela yokubikezela amandla angu-28d yekhonkrithi ethuthukisiwe yi-coefficient yomsebenzi kanye nethiyori yamandla kaFeret ivumelana kahle nesimo sangempela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kodaka nokhonkolo.
6.2 Okushodayo Namathemba
Leli phepha licwaninga ngokuyinhloko ubumanzi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zokunamathisela okuhlanzekile nodaka lwesistimu kasimende kanambambili. Umthelela kanye nomthelela wesenzo esihlangene sezinto zikasimende ezinezingxenye eziningi kudingeka kuqhutshekwe kufundwe. Endleleni yokuhlola, ukungaguquguquki kodaka kanye ne-stratification kungasetshenziswa. Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekuhambisaneni nasekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka kufundwa ngezinga le-cellulose ether. Ukwengeza, i-microstructure yodaka ngaphansi kwesenzo esiyinhlanganisela ye-cellulose ether kanye ne-mineral admixture nayo kufanele ihlolwe.
I-Cellulose ether manje ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zengxube yezakhi ezihlukahlukene zodaka. Umphumela wawo omuhle wokugcina amanzi wandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kodaka, wenza udaka lube ne-thixotropy enhle, futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kodaka. Ilungele ukwakhiwa; kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-fly ash kanye ne-mineral powder njengodoti wezimboni odakeni nakho kungadala izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezemvelo
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-29-2022