Izakhiwo ze-gypsum mortar

Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka lwegypsum olusuliwe kwahlolwa ngezindlela ezintathu zokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka lwe-gypsum, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yaqhathaniswa futhi yahlaziywa. Umphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether ekugcineni amanzi, amandla acindezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo namandla ebhondi e-gypsum mortar yafundwa. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kuzonciphisa amandla okucindezela e-gypsum mortar, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi namandla okubopha, kodwa kube nomthelela omncane emandleni e-flexural.

Amagama angukhiye:ukugcinwa kwamanzi; i-cellulose ether; i-gypsum mortar

I-Cellulose ether i-polymer encibilika emanzini, icutshungulwa kusuka ku-cellulose yemvelo ngokusebenzisa ukuchithwa kwe-alkali, ukusabela kokuxhunyelelwa (i-etherification), ukuwasha, ukomisa, ukugaya nezinye izinqubo. I-Cellulose ether ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, i-thickener, i-binder, i-disperant, i-stabilizer, i-ejenti yokumisa okwesikhashana, i-emulsifier kanye nosizo lokwenza ifilimu, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kanye nomphumela wokujiya odakeni, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza. kodaka, ngakho-ke i-cellulose ether iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kakhulu odakeni. I-Cellulose ether ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi ku-(desulfurization) gypsum mortar. Iminyaka yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi inethonya elibaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi ye-plaster kanye nokusebenza kwe-anti-plaster layer. Ukugcinwa kahle kwamanzi kungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-plaster i-Hydrates ngokugcwele, iqinisekisa amandla adingekayo, ithuthukisa izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-stucco plaster. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisa ngokunembile ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum. Ngalesi sizathu, umbhali uqhathanise izindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela ye-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum, kanye nokuhlola izakhiwo zemishini ze-cellulose ether ku-gypsum mortar. Umthelela we-, wahlolwa ngokuhlolwa.

1. Hlola

1.1 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo

I-Desulfurization gypsum: I-flue gas desulfurization gypsum yase-Shanghai Shidongkou No. 2 Power Plant itholwa ngokomiswa ku-60°C kanye ne-calcining ku-180°C. Cellulose ether: i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether ehlinzekwa yi-Kima Chemical Company, ene-viscosity engu-20000mPa·S; isihlabathi siyisihlabathi esiphakathi.

1.2 Indlela yokuhlola

1.2.1 Indlela yokuhlola izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi

(1) Indlela yokumunca i-vacuum (“Plastering Gypsum” GB/T28627-2012) Sika ucezu lwephepha lesihlungi esinesivinini esimaphakathi ukusuka kububanzi obungaphakathi befaneli ye-Buchner, ulisakaze phansi kwefaneli yaseBuchner, bese ulicwilisa ngalo. amanzi. Faka ifaneli ye-Buchner ebhodleleni lesihlungi sokumunca, qala iphampu yokuhlanza, hlunga iminithi elingu-1, khipha ifaneli ye-Buchner, sula amanzi asele ngezansi ngephepha lokuhlunga nesisindo (G1), esinembile sibe ngu-0.1g. Faka i-gypsum slurry enedigri evamile yokusabalalisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kufaneli ye-Buchner enesisindo, bese usebenzisa isikrufu esimise okuka-T ukuzungezisa ngokuqondile kufaneli ukusikhipha ileveli, ukuze ubukhulu bodaka bugcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu- (10).±0.5) mm. Sula insalela ye-gypsum slurry odongeni lwangaphakathi lwefaneli ye-Buchner, isisindo (G2), olunembile ukuya ku-0.1g. Isikhathi sokuphumula kusukela ekuqedeni ukugqugquzela kuze kube sekupheleni kwesisindo akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. Beka ifaneli ye-Buchner esikalini kuflask yesihlungi bese uqala iphampu yokuhlanza. Lungisa ingcindezi engemihle ibe ngu-(53.33±0.67) kPa noma (400±5) mm Hg phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-30. Ukuhlunga okumunca imizuzu engu-20, bese ususa ifaneli ye-Buchner, usule amanzi asele emlonyeni ophansi ngephepha lokuhlunga, isisindo (G3), esinembile kuya ku-0.1g.

(2) Isihlungi sendlela yokumunca amanzi ephepheni (1) (Izinga lesiFulentshi) Beka udaka oluxubile ezendlalelo eziningana zephepha lokuhlunga. Izinhlobo zephepha lokuhlunga ezisetshenzisiwe yilezi: (a) 1 ungqimba lwephepha lokuhlunga elihlunga ngokushesha elithintana ngqo nodaka; (b) Izendlalelo ezi-5 zephepha lokuhlunga ukuze lihluzwe kancane. Ipuleti eliyindilinga eliyindilinga lisebenza njengephalethi, futhi lihlala ngqo etafuleni. Susa isisindo sediski yepulasitiki kanye nephepha lokuhlunga ukuze lihlunge kancane (isisindo singu-M0). Ngemva kokuba ukhonkolo we-paris uxutshwe namanzi ukuze wenze udaka, uthululelwa ngokushesha kusilinda (ububanzi bangaphakathi obungu-56mm, ubude obungu-55mm) obumbozwe ngephepha lokuhlunga. Ngemuva kokuthi i-slurry ixhumene nephepha lokuhlunga imizuzu engu-15, phinda ukale iphepha lokuhlunga elihlungiwe kancane kanye ne-pallet (ubuningi be-M1). Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kokhonkolo kuvezwa isisindo samanzi amuncwa ngesentimitha lesikwele ngasinye sokumuncwa kwephepha lesihlungi esingamahlalakhona, okungukuthi: ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwephepha lokuhlunga = (M1-M0)/24.63

(3) Iphepha lokuhlunga indlela yokumunca amanzi (2) (“Izindinganiso zezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuhlola ukusebenza kodaka lokwakha” JGJ/T70) Kala isisindo esingu-m1 seshidi elingangenisi kanye nesikhunta sokuhlola esomile kanye nesisindo esingu-m2 sezingcezu eziyi-15 ze-medium. -Speed ​​qualitative filter paper. Gcwalisa ingxube yodaka esikhunjeni sesilingo ngesikhathi esisodwa, bese uyifaka futhi uyihlikihle izikhathi eziningana nge-spatula. Lapho udaka lokugcwalisa luphakeme kancane kunonqenqema lwesikhunta sesilingo, sebenzisa i-spatula ukuze usule udaka olungaphezulu ebusweni besikhunta sesilingo nge-engeli engu-450 degrees, bese usebenzisa i-spatula ukuklebhula iflethi lodaka. ubuso besikhunta sokuhlola nge-engeli eyisicaba. Sula udaka onqenqemeni lwesikhunta sokuhlola, bese ukala isisindo esiphelele esingu-m3 sesikhunta sokuhlola, ishidi eliphansi elingenakunyakaziswa kanye nodaka. Vala ingaphezulu lodaka ngesikrini sokuhlunga, beka izingcezu eziyi-15 zephepha lokuhlunga ebusweni besikrini sokuhlunga, umboze ingaphezulu lephepha lokuhlunga ngeshidi elingenakunyakaziswa, bese ucindezela ishidi elingangenisi elinesisindo esingu-2kg. Ngemva kokuma imizuzu emi-2, susa izinto ezisindayo namashidi angenakunyakaziswa, khipha iphepha lokuhlunga (ngaphandle kwesikrini sokuhlunga), bese ukala ngokushesha isisindo sephepha lesihlungi m4. Bala umswakama wodaka kusuka esilinganisweni sodaka kanye nenani lamanzi elengeziwe.

1.2.2 Izindlela zokuhlola zamandla acindezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo namandla ebhondi

Amandla okucindezela e-Gypsum mortar, amandla okuguquguquka, ukuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi kanye nezimo zokuhlola ezihlobene zenziwa ngokwezinyathelo zokusebenza ku-"Plastering Gypsum" GB/T 28627-2012.

2. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlaziya

2.1 Umthelela we-cellulose ether ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka - ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola

Ukuze kuqhathaniswe umehluko wezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi, izindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zahlolelwa ifomula efanayo yegypsum.

Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuqhathanisa yokuhlola yezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene, kungabonakala ukuthi uma inani le-ejenti egcina amanzi likhuphuka lisuka ku-0 liye ku-0.1%, umphumela wokuhlola usebenzisa indlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi ephepha lephepha (1) lehla lisuka ku-150.0mg/cm.² kuye ku-8.1mg/cm² , yehle ngo-94,6%; izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka olukalwa ngendlela yokumunca amanzi ephepheni lesihlungi (2) lenyuke lisuka ku-95.9% laya ku-99.9%, kanti izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lenyuke ngo-4% kuphela; umphumela wokuhlolwa wendlela yokumunca i-vacuum ukhuphuke ngo-69% .8% ukhuphuke waya ku-96.0%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhuphuke ngo-37.5%.

Kuyabonakala kulokhu ukuthi izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi elilinganiswa ngendlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi ephepha lesihlungi (2) alikwazi ukuvula umehluko ekusebenzeni kanye nesilinganiso se-ejenti egcina amanzi, engahambisani nokuhlolwa okunembile nokwahlulela izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi le-gypsum commercial mortar, kanye nendlela yokuhlunga kwe-vacuum kungenxa yokuthi Kukhona ukumuncwa ngempoqo, ngakho-ke umehluko kudatha ungavulwa ngenkani ukuze kubonakale umehluko ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokumunca amanzi ephepheni lesihlungi (1) ishintshashintsha kakhulu ngenani le-ejenti egcina amanzi, enganweba kangcono umehluko phakathi kwenani le-ejenti egcina amanzi kanye nenhlobonhlobo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi lephepha lokuhlunga elikalwa ngale ndlela liyinani lamanzi elimuncwa iphepha lokuhlunga endaweni ngayinye, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwe-diffusivity evamile yodaka kuhluka ngohlobo, umthamo kanye ne-viscosity i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ixutshwe, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayikwazi ukubonisa ngokunembile ukugcinwa kwamanzi kweqiniso kodaka. Linganisa.

Ukufingqa, indlela yokumunca i-vacuum ingahlukanisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokugcina amanzi kodaka, futhi ayiphazanyiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodaka. Nakuba imiphumela yokuhlola yendlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi ephepha lesihlungi (1) ithintwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodaka, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezilula zokusebenza zokuhlola, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka kungaqhathaniswa ngaphansi kwefomula efanayo.

Isilinganiso se-gypsum eyinhlanganisela ye-cementitious material nesihlabathi esimaphakathi ngu-1:2.5. Lungisa inani lamanzi ngokushintsha inani le-cellulose ether. Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether esilinganisweni sokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum mortar yafundwa. Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kufinyelela ku-0% yenani eliphelele lodaka.Cishe ku-10%, ijika lokumunca amanzi lephepha lokuhlunga livame ukuba mnene.

Isakhiwo se-cellulose ether siqukethe amaqembu e-hydroxyl namabhondi e-ether. Ama-athomu akula maqembu ahlotshaniswa nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhe izibopho ze-hydrogen, ukuze ama-athomu amanzi amahhala abe amanzi abophekile, ngaleyo ndlela adlale indima enhle ekugcineni amanzi. Esakhiweni, ukuze i-coagulate, i-gypsum idinga amanzi Thola amanzi. Inani elizwakalayo le-cellulose ether lingagcina umswakama kudaka isikhathi eside esanele, ukuze inqubo yokumisa kanye nokuqina iqhubeke. Uma isilinganiso salo sikhulu kakhulu, hhayi nje umphumela wokuthuthukiswa ongabonakali, kodwa futhi izindleko zizokhula, ngakho-ke umthamo ozwakalayo ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kucatshangelwa umehluko wokusebenza kanye ne-viscosity wama-ejenti ahlukene okugcina amanzi, okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kunqunywa ukuthi kube ngu-0.10% yenani eliphelele lodaka.

2.2 Umthelela wokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kuzakhiwo zemishini zegypsum

2.2.1 Umthelela emandleni acindezelayo namandla okuguquguquka

Isilinganiso se-gypsum eyinhlanganisela ye-cementitious material nesihlabathi esimaphakathi ngu-1:2.5. Shintsha inani le-cellulose ether futhi ulungise inani lamanzi. Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, amandla okucindezela anomkhuba obalulekile owela phansi, futhi amandla okuguquguquka awanalo ushintsho olusobala.

Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, amandla okucindezela odaka lwe-7d ehla. Imibhalo [6] ikholelwa ukuthi lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi: (1) lapho i-cellulose ether yengezwa odakeni, ama-polymer aguquguqukayo ezimbotsheni zodaka ayanda, futhi lawa ma-polymers aguquguqukayo awakwazi ukunikeza ukusekela okuqinile lapho i-matrix eyinhlanganisela icindezelwa. umphumela, ukuze amandla okucindezela odaka ayancipha (umbhali waleli phepha ukholelwa ukuthi ivolumu ye-cellulose ether polymer incane kakhulu, futhi umthelela owenziwe ukucindezela unganakwa); (2) ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, umphumela wawo wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono futhi ube ngcono, ukuze emva kokwakhiwa kwebhulokhi yokuhlola udaka, i-porosity ebhodini lokuhlola i-mortar iyanda, okunciphisa ukubumbana komzimba oqinile. futhi yenza buthaka ikhono lomzimba oqinile ukumelana namandla angaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amandla okucindezela odaka (3) Lapho udaka oluxutshwe okomile luxubene namanzi, izinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether ziqala ukukhangiswa ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende ukuze zibe manzi. yakha ifilimu ye-latex, enciphisa i-hydration ye-gypsum, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise amandla odaka. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, isilinganiso sokugoqa sezinto sehlile. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani likhulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kodaka kuzoncishiswa, okubonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi udaka lune-viscous kakhulu, kulula ukunamathela kummese, futhi kunzima ukusabalalisa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kufanele lihlangabezane nemibandela, inani le-cellulose ether linqunywa ukuthi libe ngu-0.05% kuya ku-0.10% yenani eliphelele lodaka.

2.2.2 Umthelela wamandla ebhondi eqinile

I-cellulose ether ibizwa ngokuthi i-ejenti egcina amanzi, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukukhulisa izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Inhloso ukugcina umswakama oqukethwe ku-gypsum slurry, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi i-gypsum slurry ifakwe odongeni, umswakama ngeke uthathwe yizinto zodonga, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa komswakama we-gypsum slurry esibonakalayo. Ukusabela kwe-hydration, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla ebhondi yesixhumi esibonakalayo. Gcina isilinganiso se-gypsum composite cementitious material nesihlabathi esimaphakathi ku-1:2.5. Shintsha inani le-cellulose ether futhi ulungise inani lamanzi.

Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlola ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, nakuba amandla okucindezela ehla, amandla ayo esibopho esiqinile akhula kancane kancane. Ukwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether kungakha ifilimu elincane le-polymer phakathi kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezinhlayiya ze-hydration. Ifilimu ye-cellulose ether polymer izoncibilika emanzini, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile, ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo, inamandla okuvimbela Indima yokuhwamuka komswakama. Ifilimu inomphumela wokuvala, okuthuthukisa ukoma kodaka. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kwe-cellulose ether, amanzi anele agcinwa ngaphakathi kodaka, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kokuqina kwe-hydration namandla, nokuthuthukisa amandla okubopha osimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kodaka, futhi kwenza udaka lube nepulasitiki enhle nokuguquguquka, okwenza udaka lukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuguqulwa kwe-shrinkage ye-substrate, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amandla esibopho sodaka. . Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, ukunamathela kwe-gypsum mortar ku-base material kwandisa. Uma amandla okubopha okuqinile kwegypsum eplastiwayo yongqimba olungezansi engu->0.4MPa, amandla okubopha okuqinile ayafaneleka futhi afinyelela izinga elithi “Plastering Gypsum” GB/T2827.2012. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kungu-0.10% B inch, amandla awahlangabezani nezidingo, ngakho okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose kunqunywa ukuthi kube ngu-0.15% yenani eliphelele lodaka.

3. Isiphetho

(1) Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi elikalwa ngendlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi ephepheni lesihlungi (2) alikwazi ukuvula umehluko ekusebenzeni kanye nesilinganiso se-ejenti egcina amanzi, engahambisani nokuhlolwa nokwahlulela okunembile kwezinga lokugcina amanzi i-gypsum commercial mortar. Indlela yokumunca i-vacuum ingahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, futhi akuthintwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodaka. Nakuba imiphumela yokuhlola yendlela yokumuncwa kwamanzi ephepha lesihlungi (1) ithintwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kodaka, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezilula zokusebenza zokuhlola, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka kungaqhathaniswa ngaphansi kwefomula efanayo.

(2) Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum mortar.

(3) Ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa amandla okucindezela odaka futhi kuthuthukisa amandla okubopha ne-substrate. I-Cellulose ether inomphumela omncane emandleni e-flexural odaka, ngakho-ke isilinganiso sokugoqa sodaka siyancishiswa.