I-Polyacrylamide (PAM) Yokusetshenziswa Kawoyela Negesi

I-Polyacrylamide (PAM) isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kawoyela negesi ngezicelo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nokuhlola, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinqubo zokucwenga. Ake sihlole ukuthi i-PAM isetshenziswa kanjani ekuxhashazweni kukawoyela negesi:

1. Ukutholwa Kawoyela Okuthuthukisiwe (EOR):

• I-PAM isetshenziswa njengengxenye ebalulekile kumasu we-EOR afana nezikhukhula ze-polymer. Kule nqubo, izixazululo ze-PAM zijovwa kuma-reservoirs kawoyela ukuze kwandiswe i-viscosity yamanzi ajovwe, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushanela, futhi kususe uwoyela osalayo ezimbotsheni zamatshe echibi.

2. Uketshezi Oluhlakazekayo (Ukuqhekeka):

• Emisebenzini ye-hydraulic fracturing, i-PAM yengezwa kuketshezi oluqhekekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-viscosity, ukumisa okwesikhashana ama-proppants, nokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ekubunjweni. Isiza ekudaleni nasekugcineni ukuphuka kwetshe le-reservoir, kube lula ukugeleza kwama-hydrocarbons emthonjeni.

3. Isengezo Sokubhoboza Uketshezi:

• I-PAM isebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile kuketshezi lokumba olusetshenziselwa ukumba imithombo kawoyela negesi. Isebenza njenge-viscosifier, i-ejenti yokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye ne-shale inhibitor, ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwezimbobo, ukugcotshwa, nokususwa kwezicucu ngesikhathi sokumba.

4. I-Flocculant Yokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile:

• I-PAM isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi. Isiza ekuhlanganisweni nasekulungiseni okuqinile okumisiwe, amaconsi kawoyela, nokunye ukungcola, kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe noma alahlwe.

5. I-Ejenti Yokulawula Iphrofayela:

• Ezindaweni zikawoyela ezivuthiwe ezinezinkinga zamanzi noma zegesi, i-PAM ijovwa endaweni yokugcina amanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushanela okuqondile nokulawula ukunyakaza koketshezi ngaphakathi kwechibi. Isiza ukunciphisa amanzi noma igesi futhi ithuthukise ukutholakala kukawoyela ezindaweni ezihlosiwe.

6. I-Scale Inhibitor:

• I-PAM isetshenziswa njenge-scale inhibitor ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwezikali zamaminerali ezifana ne-calcium carbonate, i-calcium sulfate, ne-barium sulfate emithonjeni yokukhiqiza, amapayipi, kanye nemishini yokucubungula. Isiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.

7. I-Emulsion Breaker:

• I-PAM iqashwe njenge-emulsion breaker ekuqedeni uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye nezinqubo ze-desalting. Iphazamisa ama-emulsion kawoyela emanzini, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwezigaba zamanzi namafutha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga likawoyela ongahluziwe okhiqiziwe.

8. I-Corrosion Inhibitor:

• Ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi, i-PAM ingasebenza njenge-corrosion inhibitor ngokwenza ifilimu evikelayo ezindaweni zensimbi, inciphise izinga lokugqwala futhi yandise isikhathi sokuphila semishini yokukhiqiza namapayipi.

9. Isengezo sikasimende:

• I-PAM isetshenziswa njengesengezo kumaslurry usimende ekusebenzeni kukawoyela negesi kahle usimende. Ithuthukisa i-rheology kasimende, ithuthukise ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa uketshezi, futhi inciphise isikhathi sikasimende, iqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo efanele kanye nobuqotho bendawo.

10. Isinciphisi sokuhudula:

• Kumapayipi nemigqa egelezayo, i-PAM ingasebenza njengesinciphisi sokudonsa noma isithuthukisi sokugeleza, inciphise ukulahlekelwa okungqubuzanayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza koketshezi. Lokhu kusiza ukwandisa umthamo wokuphuma kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumpompa.

Kafushane, i-Polyacrylamide (PAM) idlala indima ebalulekile ezicini ezahlukahlukene zokuxhashazwa kukawoyela negesi, okubandakanya ukutholwa kabusha kukawoyela okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic, ukuphathwa koketshezi lokumba, ukucocwa kwamanzi angcolile, ukulawulwa kwephrofayili, ukuvimbela isikali, ukuphuka kwe-emulsion, ukugqwala, ukuhlanganisa nosimende isiqinisekiso sokugeleza. Izakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kuyenza ibe isithako esibalulekile embonini kawoyela negesi, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kokusebenza.