I-nonionic cellulose ether kusimende we-polymer

Njengesengezo esibalulekile kusimende we-polymer, i-nonionic cellulose ether ithole ukunakwa okubanzi nocwaningo. Ngokusekelwe ezincwadini ezifanele ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, umthetho kanye nomshini we-non-ionic cellulose ether udaka lukasimende oluguquliwe kwaxoxwa ngakho kusukela ezicini zezinhlobo nokukhethwa kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether, umphumela wawo ezintweni ezibonakalayo ze-polymer Cement, umphumela wawo ku-micromorphology kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, kanye nokushiyeka kocwaningo lwamanje kwabekwa phambili. Lo msebenzi uzokhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kusimende we-polymer.

Amagama angukhiye: i-nonionic cellulose ether, usimende we-polymer, izakhiwo zomzimba, izakhiwo zemishini, i-microstructure

1. Uhlolojikelele

Ngokukhula kwesidingo kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kukasimende we-polymer embonini yezokwakha, ukwengeza izithasiselo ekuguqulweni kwayo sekuphenduke indawo yokucwaninga, phakathi kwayo, i-cellulose ether isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yomphumela wayo ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka lukasimende, ukuqina, ukuhlehlisa, umoya. njalo njalo. Kuleli phepha, izinhlobo ze-cellulose ether, imiphumela yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemishini ye-polymer simenti kanye ne-micromorphology ye-polymer samente ichazwa, ehlinzeka ngereferensi yethiyori yokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether ku-polymer samente.

2. Izinhlobo ze-nonionic cellulose ether

I-Cellulose ether iwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela ye-polymer enesakhiwo se-ether esenziwe nge-cellulose. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cellulose ether, enethonya elikhulu ezindaweni zezinto ezisekelwe kusimende futhi okunzima ukukhetha. Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali sezinto ezibambele, zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-anionic, cationic kanye nama-nonionic ether. I-nonionic cellulose ether ene-side chain substitute of H, cH3, c2H5, (cH2cH20)nH, [cH2cH(cH3)0]nH namanye amaqembu angahlukaniseki iwona asetshenziswa kakhulu kusimende, abameleli abajwayelekile yi-methyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl methyl i-cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether nokunye. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-cellulose ethers zinemiphumela ehlukene ngesikhathi sokumisa usimende. Ngokwemibiko yangaphambilini yezincwadi, i-HEC inamandla amakhulu okubuyisela usimende, ilandelwa yi-HPMc ne-HEMc, kanti uMc unokubi kakhulu. Ngohlobo olufanayo lwe-cellulose ether, isisindo samangqamuzana noma i-viscosity, i-methyl, i-hydroxyethyl, okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl kulawa maqembu ahlukile, umphumela wawo wokuhlehlisa nawo uhlukile. Ngokuvamile, lapho i-viscosity inkulu futhi iphezulu okuqukethwe kwamaqembu angahlukani, kuba kubi kakhulu ikhono lokulibaziseka. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, ngokuya ngezidingo zokuhlangana kodaka lwezentengiselwano, okuqukethwe kweqembu elisebenzayo le-cellulose ether kungakhethwa. Noma ekukhiqizeni i-cellulose ether ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa okuqukethwe kwamaqembu asebenzayo, kwenze kuhlangabezane nezidingo zodaka oluhlukile.

3,umthelela we-nonionic cellulose ether ezintweni ezibonakalayo zikasimende we-polymer

3.1 Ukuqina kancane kancane

Ukuze kunwetshwe isikhathi sokuqiniswa kwe-hydration kasimende, ukuze udaka olusanda kuxutshwa luhlale luhlala epulasitiki isikhathi eside, ukuze kulungiswe isikhathi sokumiswa kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, luthuthukise ukusebenza kwalo, ngokuvamile lwengeze i-retarder odakeni, olungezona- I-ionic cellulose ether ifanele usimende we-polymer iyi-retarder evamile.

Umthelela wokuhlehlisa we-nonionic cellulose ether kusimende ikakhulukazi uthintwa uhlobo lwayo, i-viscosity, umthamo, ukwakheka okuhlukile kwamaminerali usimende nezinye izici. Pourchez J et al. yabonisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwezinga le-cellulose ether methylation, umphumela omubi kakhulu wokuvinjelwa, kuyilapho isisindo samangqamuzana e-cellulose ether kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropoxy kube nomthelela obuthakathaka ekubambezelekeni kwe-cement hydration. Ngokukhula kwe-viscosity kanye nenani le-doping ye-non-ionic cellulose ether, ungqimba lwe-adsorption ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende luyaqina, futhi isikhathi sokuqala nesokugcina sokusetha sikasimende siyanwetshwa, futhi umphumela wokuhlehlisa ubonakala ngokucacile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kokuqala kokushisa kwama-slurries kasimende anokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-HEMC cishe ku-15% okuphansi kunaleyo ye-slurries ye-cement ehlanzekile, kodwa awukho umehluko obalulekile enqubweni yakamuva ye-hydration. Singh NK et al. ibonise ukuthi ngokwenyuka kwenani le-HEc doping, ukukhishwa kokushisa kwe-hydration kodaka lukasimende olushintshiwe kubonise ukuthambekela kokukhula kuqala bese kuncipha, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-HEC lapho kufinyelela ukukhululwa kokushisa kwe-hydration okuphezulu kwakuhlobene neminyaka yokuphulukisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakala ukuthi umphumela wokuhlehlisa we-nonionic cellulose ether uhlobene eduze nokwakheka kukasimende. Peschard et al. ithole ukuthi ukuncipha kokuqukethwe kwe-tricalcium aluminate (C3A) kusimende, kuba sobala kakhulu umphumela wokuvinjelwa kwe-cellulose ether. schmitz L nabanye. wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakubangelwa izindlela ezahlukene ze-cellulose ether kuya ku-hydration kinetics ye-tricalcium silicate (C3S) ne-tricalcium aluminate (C3A). I-Cellulose ether inganciphisa izinga lokusabela esikhathini sokusheshisa se-C3S, kuyilapho ku-C3A, ingandisa isikhathi sokungeniswa, futhi ekugcineni ibambezele ukuqiniswa kanye nenqubo yokuqina yodaka.

Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nendlela ye-non-ionic cellulose ether ebambezela ukugeleza kukasimende. Silva et al. U-Liu wayekholelwa ukuthi ukwethulwa kwe-cellulose ether kuzokwenza ukuthi i-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore ikhule, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukunyakaza kwama-ion futhi ibambezele ukufiphala. Nokho, uPourchez et al. wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona ubudlelwano obusobala phakathi kokulibaziseka kwe-cellulose ether kuya ku-hydration kasimende kanye ne-viscosity yodaka lukasimende. Omunye umbono uwukuthi umphumela obambezelekayo we-cellulose ether uhlobene eduze nokuwohloka kwe-alkali. Ama-Polysaccharides athambekele ekuwohlokeni kalula ukuze akhiqize i-hydroxyl carboxylic acid engabambezela ukugeleza kukasimende ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-cellulose ether izinzile kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline futhi iyancipha kancane kuphela, futhi ukuwohloka kunomthelela omncane ekubambezelekeni kwe-cement hydration. Okwamanje, umbono ongaguquguquki kakhulu ukuthi umphumela wokuhlehlisa ubangelwa ikakhulukazi i-adsorption. Ngokukhethekile, iqembu le-hydroxyl endaweni yamangqamuzana e-cellulose ether line-acidic, i-ca(0H) ohlelweni lukasimende we-hydration, nezinye izigaba zamaminerali zine-alkaline. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-synergistic se-hydrogen bonding, i-complexing ne-hydrophobic, ama-molecule e-acidic cellulose ether azokhangiswa ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende we-alkaline kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhipha amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakheka ifilimu elincanyana ebusweni bayo, elivimbela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwalezi nuclei ze-mineral phase crystal nuclei futhi libambezele ukugeleza nokumiswa kukasimende. Lapho amandla e-adsorption eqina phakathi kwemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration ne-cellulose ether, kuba sobala kakhulu ukubambezeleka kukasimende. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usayizi wesithiyo esiqinile udlala indima ewujuqu kumthamo we-adsorption, njengesithiyo esincane esiqinile seqembu le-hydroxyl, i-asidi eqinile, i-adsorption nayo inamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthamo we-adsorption nawo uncike ekubunjweni kwemikhiqizo ye-hydration kasimende. Pourchez et al. ithole ukuthi i-cellulose ether ikhangeka kalula ebusweni bemikhiqizo ye-hydration efana ne-ca(0H)2, ijeli ye-csH ne-calcium aluminate hydrate, kodwa akulula ukukhangiswa ngesigaba se-ettringite ne-unhydrated. Ucwaningo luka-Mullert luphinde lwabonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether yayine-adsorption eqinile kuma-c3 kanye nemikhiqizo yayo ye-hydration, ngakho-ke i-hydration yesigaba se-silicate yabambezeleka kakhulu. I-adsorption ye-ettringite yayiphansi, kodwa ukwakheka kwe-ettringite kwabambezeleka kakhulu. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi ukubambezeleka ekubunjweni kwe-ettringite kwathinteka ibhalansi ye-ca2+ kusixazululo, okwakuwukuqhubeka kokulibaziseka kwe-cellulose ether ku-silicate hydration.

3.2 Ukonga Amanzi

Omunye umphumela obalulekile wokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether odakeni lukasimende ukubonakala njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi, engavimbela umswakama odaka olumanzi ukuba uhwamuke ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukumuncwa isisekelo, futhi ibambezele ukugeleza kukasimende ngenkathi yelula isikhathi sokusebenza. udaka olumanzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi udaka oluncane lungakanywa, udaka olunamekiwe lungasakazwa, futhi udaka olumunca kalula aludingi ukuba lumanzi kuqala.

Umthamo wokubamba amanzi we-cellulose ether uhlobene eduze ne-viscosity yayo, umthamo, uhlobo kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ezinye izimo ziyafana, i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether enkulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi ungcono, inani elincane le-cellulose ether lingenza izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lodaka libe ngcono kakhulu; Kuyo i-cellulose ether efanayo, inani elingeziwe elingeziwe liphezulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu lodaka olushintshiwe, kodwa kunevelu elungile, ngaphezu kwalokho izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhuphuka kancane. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ze-cellulose ether, kukhona futhi umehluko ekugcinweni kwamanzi, njenge-HPMc ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo kunokugcinwa kwamanzi okungcono kwe-Mc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile.

Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi isizathu sokuthi kungani i-cellulose ether inomsebenzi wokugcina amanzi ngokuyinhloko kungenxa ye-0H ku-molecule kanye ne-athomu engu-0 ku-ether bond izohlotshaniswa nama-molecule amanzi ukuze ahlanganise isibopho se-hydrogen, ukuze amanzi amahhala abe yisibopho. amanzi, ukuze adlale indima enhle yokugcina amanzi; Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi i-cellulose ether macromolecular chain idlala indima evimbelayo ekusakazweni kwama-molecule amanzi, ukuze kulawulwe ngokuphumelelayo ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukufeza ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu; U-Pourchez J wagomela ngokuthi i-cellulose ether izuze umphumela wokugcina amanzi ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-slurry yesimende esanda kuxutshwa, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi enezimbotshana kanye nokwakheka kwefilimu ye-cellulose ether evimbela ukusakazeka kwamanzi. Laetitia P et al. futhi bakholelwa ukuthi impahla ye-rheological yodaka iyisici esiyinhloko, kodwa futhi ukholelwa ukuthi i-viscosity akuyona ukuphela kwesici esinquma ukusebenza kahle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba i-cellulose ether inokusebenza okuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, kodwa ukumuncwa kwayo okuguquliwe kasimende okuqinile okuqinile kuzoncishiswa, isizathu siwukuthi i-cellulose ether efilimu yodaka, futhi odakeni inani elikhulu lama-pores amancane avaliwe, avimbe. udaka ngaphakathi kwe-capillary.

3.3 Ukuqina

Ukungaguquguquki kodaka kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo. I-cellulose ether ivame ukwethulwa ukuze kwandiswe ukungaguquguquki. “Ukungaguquguquki” kumelela amandla odaka olusanda kuxutshwa ukugeleza nokonakala ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi noma amandla angaphandle. Izici ezimbili zokujiya nokugcinwa kwamanzi ziyahambisana. Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-cellulose ether akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, kuqinisekise ukwakhiwa okushelelayo, kodwa futhi kwandise ukuhambisana kodaka, kukhulise kakhulu ikhono likasimende lokulwa nokuhlakazeka, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwebhondi phakathi kodaka ne-matrix, futhi nciphisa ukwenzeka kokuwohloka kodaka.

Ukuqina komphumela we-cellulose ether ngokuyinhloko uvela ku-viscosity yayo, i-viscosity enkulu, umphumela wokuqina ungcono, kodwa uma i-viscosity inkulu kakhulu, izonciphisa uketshezi lodaka, okuthinta ukwakhiwa. Izici ezithinta ukuguqulwa kwe-viscosity, njengesisindo samangqamuzana (noma i-polymerization) kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-cellulose ether, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo, izinga le-shear, lizothinta umphumela wokugcina wokuqina.

Indlela yokuqina ye-cellulose ether ngokuyinhloko ivela ekufakweni kwamanzi nasekungeneni phakathi kwama-molecule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polymer chain ye-cellulose ether kulula ukwakha isibopho se-hydrogen ngamanzi emanzini, ibhondi ye-hydrogen yenza kube ne-hydration ephezulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho i-cellulose ether yengezwa odakeni, izomunca amanzi amaningi, ukuze ivolumu yayo yande kakhulu, inciphise indawo yamahhala yezinhlayiya, ngesikhathi esifanayo amaketanga e-cellulose ether amangqamuzana ahlangana komunye nomunye. ukwakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, izinhlayiya zodaka zizungezwe lapho, hhayi ukugeleza kwamahhala. Ngamanye amazwi, ngaphansi kwalezi zenzo ezimbili, i-viscosity yesistimu iyathuthukiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe umphumela wokuqina oyifunayo.

4. Umphumela we-nonionic cellulose ether ku-morphology kanye nesakhiwo se-pore sikasimende we-polymer

Njengoba kungase kubonakale kulokhu okungenhla, i-non-ionic cellulose ether idlala indima ebalulekile kusimende we-polymer, futhi ukufakwa kwayo ngokuqinisekile kuzothinta i-microstructure yalo lonke udaka lukasimende. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-non-ionic cellulose ether ngokuvamile yandisa i-porosity yodaka lukasimende, futhi inani lama-pores ngobukhulu be-3nm ~ 350um liyakhula, phakathi kwalo inani lama-pores ebangeni le-100nm ~ 500nm likhuphuka kakhulu. Umthelela esakhiweni se-pore sikasimende nosimende uhlobene eduze nohlobo kanye ne-viscosity ye-non-ionic cellulose ether eyengeziwe. U-Ou Zhihua et al. bakholelwa ukuthi uma i-viscosity ifana, i-porosity yodaka lukasimende olulungiswe yi-HEC incane kunaleyo ye-HPMc kanye noMc engezwe njengezilungisi. Ku-ether ye-cellulose efanayo, i-viscosity encane, i-porosity yodaka oluguquliwe lukasimende. Ngokutadisha umphumela we-HPMc endaweni yokuvula ibhodi lokufaka usimende elinegwebu, u-Wang Yanru et al. ithole ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC akuguquli kakhulu i-porosity, kodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu imbobo. Nokho, uZhang Guolian et al. ithole ukuthi uma kukhulu okuqukethwe kwe-HEMc, ithonya elisobala kakhulu esakhiweni se-pore ye-cement slurry. Ukwengezwa kwe-HEMc kungakhuphula kakhulu i-porosity, ivolumu ye-pore ephelele kanye ne-pore radius ye-pore ye-slurry kasimende, kodwa indawo ethile ye-pore iyancipha, futhi inani lama-capillary pores amakhulu kuno-50nm ububanzi landa kakhulu, futhi izimbotshana ezifakiwe. ikakhulukazi ama-pores avaliwe.

Umthelela we-nonionic cellulose ether enqubweni yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-slurry pore sikasimende wahlaziywa. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether ikakhulukazi kwashintsha izakhiwo zesigaba se-liquid. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungezwani kwesigaba se-liquid surface kuncipha, okwenza kube lula ukwenza ama-bubbles odakeni lukasimende, futhi kuzonciphisa ukugeleza kwesigaba se-liquid kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-bubble, ukuze ama-bubbles amancane abe nzima ukuqoqa abe ama-bubbles amakhulu futhi aphume, ngakho-ke i-voidage. kukhula kakhulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid iyanda, ebuye ivimbele ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukusabalalisa kwe-bubble nokuhlanganiswa kwe-bubble, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lokuzinzisa amabhamuza. Ngakho-ke, imodi yethonya ye-cellulose ether ekusakazeni kosayizi wembobo kasimende nosimende ingatholakala: kububanzi bosayizi wembobo obungaphezu kuka-100nm, amabhamuza angethulwa ngokunciphisa ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwesigaba soketshezi, futhi ukusakazeka kwebhamuza kungavinjelwa ukwandisa i-viscosity ye-liquid; esifundeni se-30nm ~ 60nm, inani lama-pores esifundeni lingathinteka ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhamuza amancane.

5. Umthelela we-nonionic cellulose ether ezicini zemishini zikasimende we-polymer

Izakhiwo zemishini zikasimende we-polymer zihlobene eduze ne-morphology yayo. Ngokungezwa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether, i-porosity iyanda, okumele ibe nomthelela omubi emandleni ayo, ikakhulukazi amandla okucindezela namandla okuguquguquka. Ukwehliswa kwamandla okucindezela odaka lukasimende kukhulu kakhulu kunamandla aguquguqukayo. U-Ou Zhihua et al. wafunda umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-non-ionic cellulose ether ezicini zemishini zikasimende, futhi wathola ukuthi amandla e-cellulose ether eguquliwe usimende nosimende ayephansi kunalawo odaka lukasimende oluhlanzekile, futhi amandla okucindezela angu-28d aphansi kakhulu angama-44.3% kuphela. yaleyo yodaka lukasimende oluhlanzekile. Amandla acindezelayo namandla aguquguqukayo we-HPMc, HEMC kanye ne-MC cellulose ether eguquliwe afanayo, kuyilapho amandla okucindezela kanye namandla aguquguqukayo we-HEc eguquliwe usimende slurry eminyakeni ngayinye ephakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlobene eduze ne-viscosity yabo noma isisindo samangqamuzana, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity noma isisindo samangqamuzana e-cellulose ether, noma umsebenzi omkhulu ongaphezulu, kunciphisa amandla odaka lwawo lukasimende oluguquliwe.

Kodwa-ke, kuphinde kwaboniswa ukuthi i-nonionic cellulose ether ingathuthukisa amandla okuqina, ukuguquguquka nokubumbana kodaka lukasimende. U-Huang Liangen et al. ithole ukuthi, ngokuphambene nomthetho woshintsho wamandla acindezelayo, amandla okugunda namandla aqinile e-slurry anda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether odakeni lukasimende. Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu, ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether, kanye ne-polymer emulsion ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe inani elikhulu lefilimu ye-polymer eminyene, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwe-slurry, nemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration, usimende ongenamanzi, izigcwalisi nezinye izinto ezigcwele kule filimu. , ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla aqinile wesistimu yokumboza.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether ye-polymer usimende eguquliwe, uthuthukise izakhiwo ezingokomzimba zodaka lukasimende ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunciphisi kakhulu izakhiwo zayo zemishini, umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukufanisa i-cellulose ether nezinye izingxube, zengezwe udaka lukasimende. U-Li Tao-wen et al. ithole ukuthi isithako esiyinhlanganisela esakhiwe nge-cellulose ether kanye ne-polymer glue powder ayizange nje ithuthukise kancane amandla okugoba namandla okucindezela odaka, ukuze ukuhlangana kanye ne-viscosity yodaka lukasimende kulungele ukwakhiwa kokumboza, kodwa futhi kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. umthamo wodaka uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cellulose ether eyodwa. Xu Qi et al. wanezela i-slag powder, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kanye ne-HEMc, futhi wathola ukuthi i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kanye ne-mineral powder ingakhuphula ukuminyana kodaka, inciphise inani lezimbobo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla kanye ne-elastic modulus of mortar. I-HEMc ingakhuphula amandla esibopho esiqinile sodaka, kodwa ayiwalungele amandla acindezelayo kanye nemodulus enwebekayo yodaka. U-Yang Xiaojie et al. ithole ukuthi ukuqhekeka kwepulasitiki kodaka lukasimende kungancishiswa kakhulu ngemva kokuxuba i-HEMc ne-PP fiber.

6. Isiphetho

I-nonionic cellulose ether idlala indima ebalulekile kusimende we-polymer, engathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo izakhiwo zomzimba (okuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-coagulation, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina), i-microscopic morphology kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zodaka lukasimende. Mningi umsebenzi osuwenziwe ekulungisweni kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende nge-cellulose ether, kodwa kusenezinkinga ezidinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela obusebenzayo, ukunakwa okuncane kunikezwa ku-rheology, izakhiwo ze-deformation, ukuzinza kwevolumu nokuqina kwezinto ezisekelwe kusimende eziguquliwe, futhi ubudlelwano obuhambisanayo obujwayelekile abukasungulwa nge-ether ye-cellulose eyengeziwe. Ucwaningo lwendlela yokuthutha ye-cellulose ether polymer kanye nemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration ekuphenduleni kwe-hydration ayikanele. Inqubo yesenzo kanye nendlela yezithasiselo ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe nge-cellulose ether nezinye izixube akucaci ngokwanele. Ukwengezwa kwenhlanganisela ye-cellulose ether nezinto eziqinisiwe ezingaphili njenge-glass fibre akukenziwa kuphelele. Konke lokhu kuzoba okugxilwe kukho ocwaningweni lwangomuso ukuze kuhlinzekwe isiqondiso sethiyori ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kukasimende we-polymer.