I-Cellulose ether eguquliwe yodaka

Izinhlobo ze-cellulose ether kanye nemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko kudaka oluxubile kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zezakhiwo ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi, i-viscosity namandla ebhondi ziyahlaziywa. Indlela yokubuyisela emuva kanye ne-microstructure yei-cellulose ether odakeni olomile oluxubilekanye nobudlelwano phakathi kokwakheka kwesakhiwo sodaka oluthile oluthile oluncane oluncane lwe-cellulose ether kanye nenqubo yokufakwa kwamanzi kuyachazwa. Ngalesi sisekelo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kudingekile ukusheshisa isifundo esimweni sokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwamanzi. Indlela yokufakwa kwe-hydration enezingqimba ye-cellulose ether eshintshiwe udaka esakhiweni sesendlalelo esincanyana kanye nomthetho wokusabalalisa kwendawo we-polymer ongqimbeni lodaka. Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kwesikhathi esizayo, umphumela we-cellulose ether eguquliwe udaka ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa nokuhambisana nezinye izixube kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Lolu cwaningo luzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa udaka lwe-CE oluguquliwe njengodaka lwangaphandle lokuplasta, i-putty, udaka oluhlangene nolunye udaka oluncane oluncane.

Amagama angukhiye:i-cellulose ether; Udaka oluxubile olomile; indlela

1. Isingeniso

Udaka oluvamile olomile, udaka lwangaphandle olufakwa odongeni, udaka oluzibambayo, isihlabathi esingangeni manzi nolunye udaka olomile seluyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha ezizinze ezweni lakithi, futhi i-cellulose ether iwukuphuma kwe-cellulose ether yemvelo, kanye nesengezo esibalulekile sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. udaka olomile, ukuhlehla, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukumuncwa komoya, ukunamathela neminye imisebenzi.

Indima ye-CE odakeni ibonakala ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kodaka kanye nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kukasimende odakeni. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kodaka kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekugcinweni kwamanzi, ukulwa nokulenga kanye nesikhathi sokuvula, ikakhulukazi ekuqinisekiseni amakhadi odaka oluncane oluncane, ukusabalalisa udaka lodaka kanye nokwenza ngcono isivinini sokwakhiwa kodaka olukhethekile oluhlanganisayo kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zenhlalo nezomnotho.

Yize inani elikhulu lezifundo ezenziwe ngodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE lwenziwe futhi impumelelo ebalulekile yenziwe ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe besicelo se-CE modified mortar, kusenezingqinamba ezisobala ocwaningweni lwemishini yodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-CE nodaka. usimende, i-aggregate kanye ne-matrix ngaphansi kwendawo yokusetshenziswa okukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, Ngokusekelwe esifinyezweni semiphumela yocwaningo efanele, leli phepha liphakamisa ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nezinga lokushisa nokuhambisana nezinye izingxube kufanele lwenziwe.

2,indima nokuhlukaniswa kwe-cellulose ether

2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwe-cellulose ether

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-cellulose ether, cishe inkulungwane, ngokuvamile, ngokusho kokusebenza kwe-ionization zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ze-ionic ne-non-ionic uhlobo lwe-2, ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende ngenxa ye-ionic cellulose ether (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-CMC). ) izona nge-Ca2+ futhi ayizinzile, akuvamile ukuthi isetshenziswe. I-nonionic cellulose ether ingahambisana (1) ne-viscosity yesisombululo esinamanzi esijwayelekile; (2) uhlobo lwababambele; (3) izinga lokushintsha; (4) ukwakheka komzimba; (5) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-solubility, njll.

Izakhiwo ze-CE zincike kakhulu ohlotsheni, ubuningi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezibambele, ngakho-ke i-CE ivamise ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlobo lwama-substitute. Njenge-methyl cellulose ether iyunithi yeglucose ye-cellulose yemvelo ku-hydroxyl ithathelwa indawo yimikhiqizo ye-methoxy, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether I-HPMC iyi-hydroxyl nge-methoxy, i-hydroxypropyl ngokulandelana imikhiqizo eshintshwayo. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwe-90% yama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPC) kanye ne-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC).

2.2 Indima ye-cellulose ether odakeni

Iqhaza le-CE odakeni libonakala ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezintathu ezilandelayo: ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina amanzi, ithonya ekuvumelaneni kanye ne-thixotropy yodaka kanye nokulungisa i-rheology.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-CE akukwazi nje ukulungisa isikhathi sokuvula kanye nenqubo yokubeka uhlelo lodaka, ukuze kulungiswe isikhathi sokusebenza sohlelo, kodwa futhi kuvimbele izinto eziyisisekelo ekumunceni amanzi amaningi futhi ashesha kakhulu futhi kuvimbele ukuhwamuka amanzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa kwamanzi kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokufakwa kukasimende. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-CE kuhlobene kakhulu nenani le-CE, i-viscosity, ubuhle kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi wodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE uncike ekumunceni kwamanzi kwesisekelo, ukwakheka kodaka, ukushuba kongqimba, imfuneko yamanzi, isikhathi sokusetha sezinto zikasimende, njll. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela yezinye izibophezelo zamathayili e-ceramic, ngenxa ye-substrate eyomile enezimbotshana izomunca ngokushesha inani elikhulu lamanzi odaka, ungqimba lukasimende eduze nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi okungaphansi kwamanzi kuholela ku-hydration degree of usimende ngaphansi kuka-30%, okungeke nje kukwazi ukwakha usimende. ijeli elinamandla okubopha phezu kwe-substrate, kodwa futhi kulula ukubangela ukuqhekeka nokuphuma kwamanzi.

Isidingo samanzi sohlelo lodaka luyipharamitha ebalulekile. Isidingo samanzi esiyisisekelo kanye nesivuno sodaka esihlobene sincike ekwakhiweni kodaka, okungukuthi inani lezinto zikasimende, isamba kanye nesamba esengeziwe, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-CE kungalungisa ngempumelelo isidingo samanzi kanye nesivuno sodaka. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezinto zokwakha, i-CE isetshenziswa njenge-thickener ukulungisa ukungaguquguquki kohlelo. Ukuqina komphumela we-CE kuncike ezingeni le-polymerization ye-CE, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo, izinga le-shear, izinga lokushisa nezinye izimo. Isixazululo samanzi se-CE esine-viscosity ephezulu sine-thixotropy ephezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ijeli lesakhiwo liyakhiwa futhi ukugeleza okuphezulu kwe-thixotropy kwenzeka, okubuye kube isici esikhulu se-CE.

Ukwengezwa kwe-CE kungalungisa ngokuphumelelayo impahla ye-rheological yesistimu yezinto zokwakha, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokusebenza, ukuze udaka lusebenze kangcono, ukusebenza okungcono kokulwa nokulenga, futhi akunamatheli kumathuluzi wokwakha. Lezi zakhiwo zenza udaka lube lula ukukala nokwelapha.

2.3 Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kodaka oluguquliwe lwe-cellulose ether

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE kufaka phakathi ukugcinwa kwamanzi, i-viscosity, amandla ebhondi, njll.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyinkomba yokusebenza ebalulekile ehlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kwe-CE modified mortar. Njengamanje, ziningi izindlela zokuhlola ezifanele, kodwa eziningi zazo zisebenzisa indlela yepompo ye-vacuum ukukhipha umswakama ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, amazwe angaphandle ikakhulukazi asebenzisa i-DIN 18555 (indlela yokuhlola ye-inorganic cementation material mortar), futhi amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ukhonkolo wase-French aerated asebenzisa indlela yephepha lokuhlunga. Izinga lasekhaya elibandakanya indlela yokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi line-JC/T 517-2004(ukhonkolo), umgomo wayo oyisisekelo nendlela yokubala kanye namazinga angaphandle ayahambisana, konke lokhu ngokunqunywa kwezinga lokumunca amanzi odaka kusho ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka.

I-Viscosity ingenye inkomba yokusebenza ebalulekile ehlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kwe-CE modified mortar. Kunezindlela ezine ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuhlola i-viscosity: i-Brookileld, i-Hakke, i-Hoppler kanye nendlela ye-rotary viscometer. Izindlela ezine zisebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene, ukugxilisa isixazululo, indawo yokuhlola, ngakho-ke isisombululo esifanayo esihlolwe izindlela ezine asiyona imiphumela efanayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-viscosity ye-CE iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, ngakho-ke i-viscosity yodaka olufanayo oluguquliwe lwe-CE ishintsha ngokuguqukayo, okuphinde kube isiqondiso esibalulekile okufanele sifundwe ku-CE modified mortar njengamanje.

Ukuhlolwa kwamandla ebhondi kunqunywa ngokulandela isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa kodaka, okufana nodaka lwebhondi ye-ceramic ikakhulukazi kubhekiselwa “kokunamathisela odongeni lwethayela le-ceramic” (JC/T 547-2005), Udaka oluvikelayo ikakhulukazi lubhekisela “kuzidingo zobuchwepheshe zodaka lokufakwa odongeni lwangaphandle” ( DB 31 / T 366-2006) kanye “nokufakwa odongeni lwangaphandle ngodaka olwandisiwe lwebhodi le-polystyrene olukhonkolo” (JC/T 993-2006). Emazweni angaphandle, amandla okunamathela abonakala ngamandla aguquguqukayo atuswe yi-Japanese Association of Materials Science (ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa udaka olujwayelekile olusikwe ngama-halves amabili ngosayizi we-160mm×40mm×40mm kanye nodaka oluguquliwe olwenziwe amasampula ngemuva kokwelapha. , ngokubhekisela endleleni yokuhlola yamandla aguquguqukayo wodaka lukasimende).

3. Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwethiyori ye-cellulose ether modified mortar

Ucwaningo lwethiyori lodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE lugxile kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwe-CE nezinto ezahlukahlukene ohlelweni lodaka. Isenzo samakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwento esekwe kusimende elungiswe yi-CE ingaboniswa ngokuyisisekelo njenge-CE namanzi, isenzo se-hydration sikasimende uqobo, i-CE kanye nokusebenzisana kwezinhlayiyana zikasimende, i-CE kanye nemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-CE kanye nezinhlayiya zikasimende/imikhiqizo ye-hydration kubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekukhangiseni phakathi kwe-CE nezinhlayiya zikasimende.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-CE kanye nezinhlayiya zikasimende kubikwe ekhaya naphesheya. Isibonelo, uLiu Guanghua et al. kukalwe amandla we-Zeta we-CE oshintshiwe usimende slurry colloid lapho kufundwa indlela yokusebenza ye-CE kukhonkolo yangaphansi kwamanzi engahlukanisiwe. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi: Amandla we-Zeta (-12.6mV) we-cement-doped slurry mancane kune-cement paste (-21.84mV), okubonisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-cement ku-slurry ye-cement-doped zimbozwe nge-non-ionic polymer layer, okwenza ungqimba lukagesi oluphindwe kabili lube luncane futhi amandla anyanyekayo phakathi kwe-colloid abe buthaka.

3.1 Ithiyori ehlehliswayo ye-cellulose ether modified mortar

Ocwaningweni lwethiyori lwe-CE modified mortar, ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi i-CE ayigcini nje ngokunikeza udaka ngokusebenza okuhle, kodwa futhi yehlisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kwe-hydration kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kukasimende futhi ibambezele inqubo ye-hydration ashukumisayo kasimende.

Umthelela wokuhlehlisa we-CE uhlobene kakhulu nokugxilwa kwayo kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana ohlelweni lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikasimende, kodwa inobudlelwano obuncane nesisindo sayo samangqamuzana. Kungabonakala emphumeleni wesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-CE ku-hydration kinetics kasimende ukuthi ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-CE, kuncane kwe-alkyl substitution degree, kukhudlwana okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxyl, kulapho umphumela wokubambezeleka kwe-hydration unamandla. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samangqamuzana, ukushintshwa kwe-hydrophilic (isb, i-HEC) kunomphumela onamandla wokubuyisela emuva kunokufaka esikhundleni se-hydrophobic (isb, i-MH, i-HEMC, i-HMPC).

Ngokombono wokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-CE nezinhlayiya zikasimende, indlela yokubuyisela emuva ibonakala ezicini ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-adsorption ye-molecule ye-CE emikhiqizweni ye-hydration efana ne-c - s -H ne-Ca(OH) 2 kuvimbela ukugeleza kwamaminerali kasimende okuqhubekayo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore iyanda ngenxa ye-CE, enciphisa ion (Ca2+, so42-…). Umsebenzi osembotsheni yembobo uqhubeka ubambezela inqubo yokukhipha amanzi.

I-CE ayigcini nje ngokulibaziseka ukusetha, kodwa futhi ibambezela inqubo yokuqina yohlelo lodaka lukasimende. Kutholakala ukuthi i-CE ithinta i-hydration kinetics ye-C3S ne-C3A ku-clinker kasimende ngezindlela ezahlukene. I-CE yehlise kakhulu izinga lokuphendula lesigaba sokusheshisa se-C3s, futhi yandisa isikhathi sokungeniswa se-C3A/CaSO4. Ukumiswa kwe-c3s hydration kuzobambezela inqubo yokuqina kodaka, kuyilapho ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokungeniswa kohlelo lwe-C3A/CaSO4 kuzobambezela ukumiswa kodaka.

3.2 Isakhiwo esincane se-cellulose ether eguquliwe yodaka

Indlela yethonya ye-CE ku-microstructure yodaka oluguquliwe idonse ukunaka okukhulu. Ibonakala ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, ucwaningo lugxile endleleni yokwenza ifilimu kanye ne-morphology ye-CE odakeni. Njengoba i-CE ivame ukusetshenziswa namanye ama-polymer, kuwukugxila ocwaningweni okubalulekile ukuhlukanisa isimo sayo nesamanye ama-polymers odakeni.

Okwesibili, umphumela we-CE ku-microstructure yemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration nayo iyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo. Njengoba kungabonakala esimweni sokwenza ifilimu se-CE kuya emikhiqizweni ye-hydration, imikhiqizo ye-hydration yakha isakhiwo esiqhubekayo ku-interface ye-cE exhunywe emikhiqizweni ehlukene ye-hydration. Ngo-2008, u-K.Pen et al. kusetshenziswe i-calorimetry ye-isothermal, ukuhlaziywa kwe-thermal, i-FTIR, i-SEM ne-BSE ukutadisha inqubo ye-lignification kanye nemikhiqizo ye-hydration ye-1% PVAA, MC kanye ne-HEC eguquliwe yodaka. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi nakuba i-polymer ilibazise idigri yokuqala ye-hydration kasimende, ibonise ukwakheka okungcono kwe-hydration ezinsukwini ezingu-90. Ikakhulukazi, i-MC iphinde ithinte i-crystal morphology ye-Ca(OH)2. Ubufakazi obuqondile buwukuthi umsebenzi webhuloho we-polymer utholwa kumakristalu anezingqimba, i-MC idlala indima ekuhlanganiseni amakristalu, ukunciphisa imifantu emincane nokuqinisa i-microstructure.

Ukuvela kwe-microstructure ye-CE odakeni nakho kudonse ukunaka okukhulu. Isibonelo, uJenni wasebenzisa amasu okuhlaziya ahlukahlukene ukuze atadishe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezingaphakathi kodaka lwe-polymer, ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa komthamo kanye nekhwalithi ukuze akhe kabusha yonke inqubo yodaka olusha lokuxutshwa ukuze lube lukhuni, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-polymer, ukufakwa kukasimende nokufuduka kwamanzi.

Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya okuncane kwamaphoyinti esikhathi ahlukene enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kodaka, futhi akukwazi ukuhlala endaweni kusukela ekuxubeni kodaka kuya ekuqinisweni kwayo yonke inqubo yokuhlaziywa okuncane okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa lonke ucwaningo lobuningi ukuze kuhlaziywe izigaba ezithile ezikhethekile futhi kulandelelwe inqubo yokwakheka kwe-microstructure yezigaba ezibalulekile. E-China, u-Qian Baowei, uMa Baoguo et al. ichaze ngokuqondile inqubo ye-hydration ngokusebenzisa ukumelana, ukushisa kwe-hydration nezinye izindlela zokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlolwa okumbalwa kanye nokwehluleka ukuhlanganisa ukumelana nokushisa kwe-hydration ne-microstructure ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, alukho uhlelo oluhambisanayo locwaningo olwenziwe. Ngokuvamile, kuze kube manje, azikho izindlela eziqondile zokuchaza ngobuningi nangekhwalithi ukuba khona kwe-polymer microstructure ehlukahlukene odakeni.

3.3 Ucwaningo nge-cellulose ether eguqule udaka oluncane oluncane

Nakuba abantu benze izifundo ezengeziwe zobuchwepheshe kanye nethiyori mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-CE odakeni lukasimende. Kodwa kufanele anake ukuthi udaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE odakeni oluxubile olomile lwansuku zonke (njenge-brinder yezitini, i-putty, uhlaka oluncane olunamapulangwe, njll.) lusetshenziswa ngendlela yodaka oluncane, lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sivame ukuhambisana. ngenkinga yokulahleka kwamanzi ngokushesha.

Isibonelo, i-ceramic tile bonding mortar iwudaka olujwayelekile logqinsi oluncane (ungqimba oluncane lwe-CE imodeli yodaka oluguquliwe lwe-ejenti yokubopha amathayela e-ceramic), futhi inqubo yayo yokufaka amanzi iye yafundwa ekhaya naphesheya. E-China, i-Coptis rhizoma yasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene namanani e-CE ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kodaka lwe-ceramic bonding tile. Indlela ye-X-ray yasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga le-hydration likasimende endaweni esibonakalayo phakathi kodaka lukasimende namathayili e-ceramic ngemva kokuxuba i-CE yanda. Ngokubheka isixhumi esibonakalayo ngesibonakhulu, kwatholakala ukuthi amandla ebhuloho likasimende wethayela le-ceramic athuthukiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuxuba ukunamathisela kwe-CE esikhundleni sokuminyana. Isibonelo, uJenni wabona ukunothiswa kwe-polymer ne-Ca(OH)2 eduze nendawo. UJenni ukholelwa ukuthi ukuphilisana ndawonye kukasimende ne-polymer kuqhuba ukusebenzisana phakathi kokwakhiwa kwefilimu ye-polymer kanye nokugeleza kukasimende. Isici esiyinhloko sezisimende zikasimende ezishintshiwe ze-CE uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zikasimende ezijwayelekile isilinganiso esikhulu sikasimende samanzi (imvamisa sibe noma ngaphezulu kuka-0. 8), kodwa ngenxa yendawo/umthamo wazo ophakeme, nawo aqina ngokushesha, ukuze ukugeleza kukasimende kuvame. ngaphansi kwama-30%, kunokuba kube ngaphezu kwama-90% njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka. Ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-XRD ukutadisha umthetho wokuthuthukiswa kwe-microstructure engaphezulu ye-ceramic tile adhesive mortar inqubo yokuqina, kwatholakala ukuthi ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane zikasimende "zathunyelwa" endaweni engaphandle yesampula ngokomiswa kwembotshana. isisombululo. Ukuze kusekelwe le nkolelo-mbono, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo kusetshenziswa usimende omahhadla noma i-limestone engcono esikhundleni sikasimende owake wasetshenziswa ngaphambili, obuye wasekelwa ukumuncwa kwe-XRD yokulahlekelwa okukhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa kwesampula ngayinye kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-limestone/silica sand of the final hardened. umzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) kwembula ukuthi i-CE ne-PVA yafuduka phakathi nemijikelezo emanzi neyomile, kuyilapho ama-emulsions enjoloba engazange. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, uphinde waklama imodeli ye-hydration engaqinisekisiwe yodaka oluncane lwe-CE oluguquliwe lwe-ceramic tile binder.

Izincwadi ezifanele azizange zibike ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-hydration ye- layered yodaka lwe-polymer kwenziwa kanjani esakhiweni songqimba oluncane, futhi nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwama-polymer ahlukene ongqimba lodaka kuye kwabonwa futhi kwalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokusobala, indlela ye-hydration kanye ne-microstructure formation mechanism ye-CE-mortar system ngaphansi kwesimo sokulahleka kwamanzi ngokushesha ihluke kakhulu kudaka olujwayelekile olukhona. Ucwaningo lwendlela eyingqayizivele ye-hydration kanye nendlela yokwakheka kwe-microstructure yodaka oluncane lwe-CE oluguquliwe kuzothuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kodaka oluncane lwe-CE oluguquliwe, njengodaka lwangaphandle lokuplasta, i-putty, udaka oluhlangene nokunye.

4. Kunezinkinga

4.1 Umthelela wokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kudaka oluguquliwe lwe-cellulose ether

Isixazululo se-CE sezinhlobo ezihlukene sizofaka ijeli ekushiseni kwaso okukhethekile, inqubo yejeli ibuyiselwa emuva ngokuphelele. I-gelation eguquguqukayo ye-thermal ye-CE ihluke kakhulu. Emikhiqizweni eminingi kasimende, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-viscosity ye-CE kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhambisanayo kanye nezindawo zokugcoba, kanye ne-viscosity kanye nokushisa kwejeli kunobudlelwane obuqondile, ngaphansi kokushisa kwejeli, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity ye-CE, ngcono ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kokugcinwa kwamanzi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuncibilika kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CE emazingeni okushisa ahlukene akufani ngokuphelele. Okufana ne-methyl cellulose encibilika emanzini abandayo, engancibiliki emanzini ashisayo; I-Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose inyibilika emanzini abandayo, hhayi emanzini ashisayo. Kodwa uma isixazululo esinamanzi se-methyl cellulose ne-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sishisiswa, i-methyl cellulose ne-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose izokwehla. I-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose idonswa ku-45 ~ 60 ℃, futhi i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose exutshwe ne-ethyl cellulose yanda lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-65 ~ 80 ℃ futhi izinga lokushisa lehla, laphinde lancibilika. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ne-sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose zincibilika emanzini kunoma ikuphi izinga lokushisa.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwe-CE, umbhali uphinde wathola ukuthi amandla okugcina amanzi e-CE ehla ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphansi (5 ℃), okuvame ukuboniswa ekwehleni okusheshayo kokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa ebusika, futhi i-CE eyengeziwe kufanele yengezwe. . Isizathu salesi simo asicacile okwamanje. Ukuhlaziywa kungase kubangelwe ukushintsha kokuncibilika kwe-CE ethile emanzini okushisa aphansi, okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa ebusika.

4.2 Ibhamuza nokuqedwa kwe-cellulose ether

I-CE ivamise ukwethula inani elikhulu lamabhamuza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhamuza amancane afanayo futhi azinzile ayasiza ekusebenzeni kodaka, njengokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kodaka nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuqina kodaka. Kunalokho, amabhamuza amakhulu ehlisa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokuqina kwawo.

Lapho kuxutshwa udaka namanzi, udaka luyanyakaziswa, futhi umoya ulethwa odakeni olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi umoya usongwe ngodaka olumanzi ukuze wenze amagwebu. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwesimo se-viscosity ephansi yesisombululo, ama-bubbles akha ukuphakama ngenxa ye-buoyancy futhi agijimele ebusweni besixazululo. Amabhamuza aphuma phezulu aye emoyeni wangaphandle, futhi ifilimu ewuketshezi ethuthela phezulu izoveza umehluko wengcindezi ngenxa yesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Ukuqina kwefilimu kuzoncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ekugcineni amabhamuza azoqhuma. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yodaka olusanda kuxutshwa ngemuva kokwengeza i-CE, isilinganiso sesilinganiso se-seapage ye-liquid kufilimu ye-liquid siyancipha, ukuze ifilimu ye-liquid ingabi lula ukuba ibe mncane; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-mortar kuzonciphisa izinga lokusabalalisa kwama-molecule e-surfactant, okuzuzisa ukusimama kwegwebu. Lokhu kubangela inani elikhulu lamagwebu afakwe odakeni ukuze ahlale odakeni.

Ukushuba kobuso kanye nokungezwani kobuso besisombululo esinamanzi kufinyelela umvuthwandaba we-Al brand CE ekugxilweni kwesisindo esingu-1% ku-20℃. I-CE inomphumela wokungenisa umoya odakeni lukasimende. Umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-CE unomphumela omubi emandleni emishini lapho kwethulwa amabhamuza amakhulu.

I-defoamer odakeni ingavimbela ukwakheka kwegwebu okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-CE, futhi ibhubhise igwebu elakhiwe. Isenzo sayo siwukuthi: i-ejenti yokukhipha amagwebu ingena efilimu ye-liquid, inciphisa i-viscosity ye-liquid, yenza isikhombimsebenzisi esisha esine-viscosity ephansi, yenza ifilimu ye-liquid ilahlekelwe ukunwebeka kwayo, isheshise inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-liquid, futhi ekugcineni yenza ifilimu ye-liquid. mncane futhi uqhekeke. I-powder defoamer inganciphisa okuqukethwe kwegesi kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi kukhona ama-hydrocarbon, i-stearic acid ne-ester yayo, i-trietyl phosphate, i-polyethylene glycol noma i-polysiloxane adsorbed kusithwali se-inorganic. Njengamanje, i-powder defoamer esetshenziswa odakeni olomile oluxubile ikakhulukazi i-polyols ne-polysiloxane.

Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi ngaphezu kokulungisa okuqukethwe kwebhamuza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-defoamer nakho kunganciphisa ukushwabana, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-defoamer nazo zinezinkinga zokuhambisana kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lapho kusetshenziswa kuhlanganiswe ne-CE, lezi yizimo eziyisisekelo okufanele zixazululwe. ukusetshenziswa kwemfashini yodaka eguquliwe ye-CE.

4.3 Ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-cellulose ether nezinye izinto ezisesimendeni

I-CE ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izixube odakeni olomile oluxubile, njenge-defoamer, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, impushana enamathelayo, njll. Lezi zingxenye zidlala izindima ezihlukene odakeni ngokulandelana. Ukutadisha ukuhambisana kwe-CE nezinye izingxube kuyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwalezi zingxenye.

Udaka olomile oluxubile olusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi yilawa: i-casein, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi yochungechunge lwe-lignin, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi yochungechunge lwe-naphthalene, i-melamine formaldehyde condensation, i-polycarboxylic acid. I-Casein iyi-superplasticizer enhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi osimende abancane, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iwumkhiqizo wemvelo, ikhwalithi kanye nentengo kuvame ukuguquguquka. Ama-agent okunciphisa amanzi e-Lignin ahlanganisa i-sodium lignosulfonate (i-sodium yokhuni), i-calcium yokhuni, i-magnesium yokhuni. Isinciphisi samanzi sochungechunge lweNaphthalene esivame ukusetshenziswa eLou. Ama-Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, ama-melamine formaldehyde condensates angama-superplasticizers amahle, kodwa umphumela odakeni omncane unomkhawulo. I-Polycarboxylic acid ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukisiwe obusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi akukho kukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CE kanye ne-superplasticizer evamile yochungechunge lwe-naphthalene izobangela ukuhlangana ukwenza ingxube kakhonkolo ilahlekelwe ukusebenza, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha uchungechunge lwe-non-naphthalene superplasticizer kubunjiniyela. Yize kube nezifundo ngomphumela wekhompiyutha wodaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE kanye nezixube ezahlukahlukene, kusekuningi ukungaqondi okusasetshenziswa ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezixube ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-CE kanye nezifundo ezimbalwa mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisana, futhi inani elikhulu lokuhlolwa liyadingeka ukuze ithuthukise.

5. Isiphetho

Indima ye-CE odakeni ibonakala ngokuyinhloko kumthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amanzi, umthelela wokungaguquguquki kanye nezakhiwo ze-thixotropic zodaka kanye nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo ze-rheological. Ngaphezu kokunikeza udaka ukusebenza okuhle kokusebenza, i-CE futhi inganciphisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kwe-hydration kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kukasimende futhi ibambezele inqubo ye-hydration ashukumisayo kasimende. Izindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza kodaka zihlukile ngokusekelwe ezikhathini ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa.

Inani elikhulu lezifundo mayelana ne-microstructure ye-CE odakeni olufana nendlela yokwenza ifilimu kanye ne-morphology yokwenza ifilimu luye lwenziwa phesheya, kodwa kuze kube manje, azikho izindlela eziqondile zokuchaza ngobuningi nangekhwalithi ukuba khona kwe-polymer microstructure ehlukahlukene odakeni. .

Udaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE lusetshenziswa ngendlela yodaka oluyisingqimba esincanyana odakeni oluxutshwayo lwansuku zonke (njenge-face brick binder, putty, udaka oluncane oluncane, njll.). Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokuvamile sihambisana nenkinga yokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwamanzi odaka. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluyinhloko lugxile ekuhlanganiseni kwezitini zobuso, futhi kunezifundo ezimbalwa kwezinye izinhlobo zodaka oluncane lwe-CE oluguquliwe.

Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukusheshisa ucwaningo ngomshini we-hydration ogqinsiwe we-cellulose ether udaka oluguquliwe esakhiweni sesendlalelo esincanyana kanye nomthetho wokusabalalisa indawo ye-polymer kungqimba lodaka ngaphansi kwesimo sokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokushesha. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ithonya le-cellulose ether eguquliwe yodaka ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuhambisana kwayo nezinye izingxube kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Umsebenzi wokucwaninga ohlobene uzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa udaka oluguquliwe lwe-CE njengodaka lwangaphandle lokuplasta, i-putty, udaka oluhlangene nolunye udaka oluncane oluncane.