IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) iyi-ether engeyona ionic cellulose esebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, evame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yesethi yayo ehlukile yezakhiwo. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ze-HPMC zingahlukaniswa ngokubanzi zibe izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, kanye nokusebenza, ngayinye ibe nomthelela ekufanelekeni kwayo kwezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza.
1. Izakhiwo Zomzimba
a. Ukubukeka
I-HPMC ngokuvamile iyimpushana emhlophe ukuya kokumhlophe, ayinaphunga futhi ayinambitheki, okubonisa ubumsulwa bayo nokufaneleka ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ezifana nemithi nokudla.
b. Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-HPMC ungathinta ukunyibilika nokuhlakazeka kwayo emanzini noma kwezinye izincibilikisi. Ngokuvamile itholakala kumabanga ahlukahlukene, lapho usayizi wokusabalalisa wezinhlayiyana usukela kokucolile kuye kwezimpushana ezimahhadla. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ocolekile ngokuvamile uholela emazingeni okuphela ngokushesha.
c. Ukuminyana kwenqwaba
Ukuminyana ngobuningi kuyinkomba ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngezinjongo zokuphatha nokucubungula. Ngokuvamile isukela ku-0.25 iye ku-0.70 g/cm³, ithinta izici zokugeleza kwezinto kanye nezidingo zokupakisha.
d. Okuqukethwe Umswakama
Okuqukethwe umswakama ku-HPMC kufanele kube kuncane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuvimbela ukunqwabelana ngesikhathi sokulondoloza. Umswakama ojwayelekile uvame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-5%, ngokuvamile u-2-3%.
2. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali
a. Okuqukethwe kwe-Methoxy ne-Hydroxypropyl
Amazinga okushintshanisa we-methoxy (–OCH₃) kanye namaqembu e-hydroxypropyl (–OCH₂CH₂OH) ayizinkomba zamakhemikhali ezibucayi, ezithonya ukunyibilika, izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kanye ne-viscosity ye-HPMC. Okuqukethwe kwe-methoxy okujwayelekile kusuka ku-19-30%, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl kusuka ku-4-12%.
b. I-Viscosity
I-Viscosity ingenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu, echaza ukusebenza kwe-HPMC ezinhlelweni zokusebenza. Ikalwa ngezixazululo ezinamanzi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-viscometer ejikelezayo. I-viscosity ingasukela kuma-centipoise ambalwa (cP) iye ngaphezu kuka-100,000 cP. Lolu hlu olubanzi luvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
c. Inani le-pH
I-pH yesisombululo se-HPMC esingu-2% imvamisa iwela phakathi kuka-5.0 no-8.0. Lokhu kungathathi hlangothi kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni emikhiqizweni, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yezemithi neyokudla.
d. Ubumsulwa Nokungcola
Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kumamaki okudla kanye nemithi. Ukungcola okufana nezinsimbi ezisindayo (isb, umthofu, i-arsenic) kufanele kube kuncane. Ukucaciswa kuvame ukudinga izinsimbi ezisindayo ukuthi zibe ngaphansi kuka-20 ppm.
3. Izakhiwo ezisebenzayo
a. Ukuncibilika
I-HPMC iyancibilika kuwo womabili amanzi abandayo nashisayo, yakhe izixazululo ezicacile noma ezimathuthuva kancane, ezine-viscous. Lokhu kunyibilika okukabili kunenzuzo ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene, okuvumela ukuguquguquka kwezimo zokucubungula.
b. I-Gelation eshisayo
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-HPMC yikhono layo lokwenza amajeli lapho kushiswa. Ukushisa kwe-gelation kuncike ezingeni lokufaka esikhundleni nokugxila. Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile asuka ku-50°C kuya ku-90°C. Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziswa kabi ezinhlelweni ezifana nokwakhiwa kokukhishwa okulawulwayo kwezemithi.
c. Ikhono Lokwenza Ifilimu
I-HPMC ingakha amafilimu aqinile, aguquguqukayo, nasobala. Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni, ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi, nasekucwebezeni ukudla.
d. Umsebenzi Wendawo
I-HPMC ibonisa izakhiwo ezisebenza phezulu, ihlinzeka nge-emulsification kanye nemiphumela yokusimamisa. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zezimonyo, ezemithi, nezokudla lapho kudingeka khona ama-emulsion azinzile.
e. Ukugcina Amanzi
Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo ze-HPMC amandla ayo okugcina amanzi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekugcineni umswakama, obalulekile ekusebenzeni okufana nodaka, ama-plaster, nezimonyo.
4. Izicelo Eziqondile Nezimfuneko Zazo
a. Ezemithi
Embonini yezemithi, i-HPMC isetshenziswa njenge-binder, ifilimu-yangaphambili, kanye ne-ejenti ekhishwayo elawulwayo. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, amabanga athile e-viscosity, namazinga anembile okushintsha kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha ezinhlelweni zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.
b. Ukwakha
Ekwakhiweni, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni esekwe kusimende kanye neye-gypsum, i-HPMC isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, nokunamathela. Lapha, i-viscosity, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina amanzi kubalulekile.
c. Imboni Yokudla
I-HPMC isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, emulsifier, kanye ne-stabilizer emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokudla, izinkomba zentshisekelo zifaka ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukungabi nobuthi, namaphrofayili athile e-viscosity ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthungwa okungaguquki nokuzinza.
d. Ukunakekelwa Komuntu Siqu Nezimonyo
Emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, i-HPMC yaziswa kakhulu ngokujiya kwayo, i-emulsifying, kanye nezakhiwo zayo zokwenza ifilimu. Izinkomba ezibucayi zihlanganisa ukuncibilika, i-viscosity, nokuhlanzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinye izithako nokuzinza komkhiqizo wokugcina.
5. Ukulawula Ikhwalithi kanye Nezindlela Zokuhlola
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-HPMC kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali. Izindlela zokuhlola ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa:
a. Ukukala Viscosity
Ukusebenzisa ama-viscometers ajikelezayo ukucacisa i-viscosity yezixazululo ze-HPMC.
b. Ukuhlaziya Ukushintsha
Izindlela ezifana ne-NMR spectroscopy zisetshenziselwa ukunquma okuqukethwe kwe-methoxy ne-hydroxypropyl.
c. Ukunqunywa Kokuqukethwe Komswakama
Karl Fischer titration noma ukulahlekelwa on drying (LOD) izindlela zisetshenziswa.
d. Ukuhlaziya Usayizi Wezinhlayiya
I-laser diffraction kanye nezindlela zokuhlunga ukuze kutholwe ukusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana.
e. Isilinganiso se-pH
Imitha ye-pH isetshenziselwa ukukala i-pH yezixazululo ze-HPMC ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zingena ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo.
f. Ukuhlolwa Kwensimbi Enzima
I-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) noma ukuhlaziywa kwe-plasma (ICP) ehlanganiswe nge-inductively ukuze kutholwe ukungcola okulandela umkhondo kwensimbi.
IHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) iyisengezo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esinohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, edinga ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezinkomba zayo zobuchwepheshe. Izici ezibonakalayo ezifana nokubukeka, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuminyana kwenqwaba, nokuqukethwe komswakama kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa nokucubungula okufanele. Izici zamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa okuqukethwe kwe-methoxy ne-hydroxypropyl, i-viscosity, i-pH, nokuhlanzeka kunquma ukufaneleka kwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Izici ezisebenzayo ezifana nokuncibilika, i-thermal gelation, ikhono lokwenza ifilimu, umsebenzi ongaphezulu, nokugcinwa kwamanzi kugcizelela futhi ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ngokunamathela ezinyathelweni eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi, i-HPMC ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, ifeze izindima ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kusukela kwezokwelapha kuye kwezokwakha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-22-2024