I-cellulose ether yenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusabela kwe-etherification kanye nempushana yokomisa ye-ejenti etherifying eyodwa noma amaningana. Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali esihlukile se-ether substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa ibe i-anionic, i-cationic ne-non-ionic ether. Ionic cellulose ether ikakhulukazi i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); I-non-ionic cellulose ether ikakhulukazi i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HC). I-ether engeyona i-ionic ihlukaniswe nge-ether encibilika emanzini kanye ne-ether encibilika ngamafutha, i-ether engeyona i-ionic encibilika emanzini isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yodaka. Ebukhoneni be-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ether ayizinzile, ngakho-ke ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yodaka olomile oluxutshwe nosimende, i-hydrated lime nezinye izinto zikasimende. I-non-ionic water-soluble cellulose ether isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kokumiswa nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Izici zamakhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-ether ye-cellulose ngayinye inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-cellulose - isakhiwo se-glucose engasebenzi. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether, i-cellulose fiber ishiswa ngesisombululo se-alkaline kuqala, bese iphathwa nge-etherifying agent. Umkhiqizo we-fibrous reaction uyahlanzwa futhi ugaywe ukuze wenze impushana efanayo ngokucoleka okuthile.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-MC, i-methane chloride kuphela esetshenziswa njenge-etherifying agent. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HPMC ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe-methane chloride, futhi sebenzisa i-propylene oxide ukuthola iqembu elingena esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl. Ama-cellulose ether ahlukahlukene anezilinganiso ezihlukile zokushintshwa kwe-methyl ne-hydroxypropyl, ezithinta ukunyibilika kwama-cellulose ether kanye nezakhiwo zezinga lokushisa lejeli elishisayo.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose ether iyi-polymer engeyona i-ionic semi-synthetic, encibilikayo emanzini kanye ne-solvent ezimbili, ezimbonini ezihlukene ezibangelwa indima yehlukile, njengasezinto zokwakha zamakhemikhali, inomphumela olandelayo oyinhlanganisela:
① i-ejenti egcina amanzi ② i-ejenti yokuqina ③ ukulinganisa ④ ukwenza ifilimu ⑤ i-binder
Embonini ye-PVC, iyi-emulsifier, i-dispersant; Embonini yezemithi, iwuhlobo lwe-binder kanye nokukhululwa kancane kwe-skeleton material, ngoba i-cellulose inemiphumela ehlukahlukene ehlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke insimu esetshenziswa kakhulu. Okulandelayo kugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokwakha kanye nendima.
(1) Ukukhuhla i-wall putty:
Njengamanje, i-China iphakathi kokumelana kwamanzi amaningi edolobheni, ukumelana ne-swab ye-putty yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuye kwathathwa ngokungathi sína ngabantu, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngoba i-putty eyenziwe nge-glue yokwakha ikhipha umonakalo wegesi we-formaldehyde empilweni yabantu, isakhiwo. iglue yenziwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol kanye ne-formaldehyde acetal reaction. Ngakho-ke le nto iqedwa kancane kancane ngabantu, futhi ukushintshwa kwalesi sihloko uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether, okusho ukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-cellulose iwukuphela kohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo okwamanje.
Ku-putty ukumelana namanzi ihlukaniswe nge-putty eyomile ne-putty paste izinhlobo ezimbili, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-putty ngokuvamile zikhetha i-modified methyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropyl methyl izinhlobo ezimbili, ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity ngokuvamile ku-3000-60000cps phakathi kokufaneleka kakhulu, endimeni eyinhloko i-cellulose ku-putty ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubopha, ukugcoba kanye neminye imiphumela. Ngenxa yokuthi ifomula ye-putty yomkhiqizi ngamunye ayifani, ezinye ziyi-calcium empunga, i-calcium ekhanyayo, usimende omhlophe, ezinye ziyi-gypsum powder, i-calcium empunga, i-calcium ekhanyayo, njll. azifani, inani elijwayelekile lokungeza ngu-2 ‰-3 ‰ noma kunjalo. Odongeni lokushaya lunesithukuthezi ngokwakhiwa kwengane, isisekelo sodonga sinokumunca okuthile (udonga lwezitini lwezinga le-bibulous lwalungu-13%, ukhonkolo luyi-3-5%), oluhambisana nokuhwamuka komhlaba wangaphandle, ngakho-ke uma unesithukuthezi ngengane. ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokushesha okukhulu, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni noma into efana nempova, ukuze amandla e-putty abe buthaka, ngakho-ke, ngemva kokujoyina i-cellulose ether izoxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa ikhwalithi yezinto zokugcwalisa, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi ye-gray calcium nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-cellulose, iphinde ithuthukise ukuvuthwa kwe-putty, futhi igweme ukwenzeka kokugeleza okulenga ekwakhiweni, futhi ikhululekile futhi isindisa umsebenzi ngemva kokukhuhla. Ku-powder putty, i-cellulose ether kufanele yengezwe ngokufanele, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kulula kakhulu, ukugcwalisa impahla kanye ne-powder eyomile eyisizayo ingaxutshwa ngokulinganayo, ukwakhiwa nakho kulula kakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi esayithi, nokuthi kungakanani kangakanani.
(2) Udaka lukakhonkolo:
Ngodaka lukakhonkolo, ukufeza amandla okugcina ngempela, kufanele wenze ukusabela kwe-cement hydration ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ekwakhiweni kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi odaka lukakhonkolo ngokushesha okukhulu, izinyathelo ezinama-hydrated ngokuphelele ekuphulukiseni amanzi, le ndlela iwukuchithwa kwemithombo yamanzi futhi ukusebenza okungalungile, ukhiye ungaphezulu nje, amanzi kanye ne-hydration namanje akukafiki ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga, Faka i-cellulose egcina amanzi ekhonkrithi yodaka ngokuvamile khetha i-hydroxypropyl methyl noma i-methyl cellulose, ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity phakathi kuka-20000- 60000cps, engeza 2% - 3%. Cishe, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lingakhuphuka libe ngaphezu kwama-85%, endleleni yokusebenzisa ukhonkolo ngodaka lwempushana eyomile ngokulinganayo exutshwe ngemva kwamanzi angaba.
(3) Ukunamathisela ukhonkolo, ukhonkolo oluhlanganisayo, ukhonkolo okhonjiwe:
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezokwakha, isidingo sabantu sezinto zokwakha ezintsha siyanda, ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, imikhiqizo ye-cementitious material gypsum ibe yintuthuko esheshayo. Okwamanje izimpahla ze-gesso ezivamile zine-stucco gesso, i-caking gesso, i-gesso emisiwe, i-ejenti yokufaka amakhekhe amathayili okumele ilinde. Ukunamathisela ukhonkolo kuwuhlobo lwekhwalithi enhle yangaphakathi yodonga kanye nempahla yokupulasitela ophahleni, ngalo sula udonga luthambile futhi lubushelelezi, ungawisi impushana nesisekelo sebhondi ngokuqinile, akukho mkhuba wokuqhekeka, futhi unomsebenzi wokuvimbela umlilo; I-Gypsum enamathelayo iwuhlobo olusha lokunamathisela kwebhodi lokukhanya, i-gypsum njengento eyisisekelo, enezela izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene futhi ezenziwe ngezinto ezinamathelayo, ilungele zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha ezingaphili phakathi kwesibopho, ezingenabuthi, ezingenakunambitheka. , ukusetha okusheshayo, ukubopha ibhodi lokwakha, izinto ezisekela ukwakhiwa kwe-block; I-ejenti yokugcwalisa umphetho we-Gypsum iyipuleti le-gypsum phakathi kwezinto zokugcwalisa igebe nodonga, ukugcwaliswa kokulungisa ukuqhekeka.
Le mikhiqizo ye-gypsum inohlu lwemisebenzi ehlukene, ngaphezu kwe-gypsum kanye nezigcwalisi ezihlobene ukuze zidlale indima, indaba eyinhloko izithasiselo ze-cellulose ether ezengeziwe zidlala indima ehamba phambili. Ngenxa yokuthi i-gesso ihlukaniswe ibe ngaphandle kwe-gesso yamanzi kanye nesenti le-gesso yamanzi enguhhafu, i-gesso ehlukile ihlukile kumphumela wokusebenza komkhiqizo, yanda kakhulu, ivikela amanzi, yenza kancane ikhwalithi enquma izinto zokwakha ze-gesso. Inkinga evamile yalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuqhekeka kwesigubhu esingenalutho, amandla okuqala awafinyeleleki, ukuxazulula le nkinga, ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose kanye ne-retarder yendlela yokusebenzisa inhlanganisela, kulokhu, ukukhetha okujwayelekile kwe-methyl noma i-hydroxypropyl methyl. 30000–60000cps, inani elengezayo ngu-1.5%–2%. Phakathi, ukugxila kwe-cellulose ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokugcotshwa kwe-condensation kancane. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu bathembele ku-cellulose ether njengoba i-retarder ingafiki, kufanele futhi yengeze i-citric acid retarder ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuxubile ngeke kuthinte amandla okuqala.
Izinga lokugcina amanzi ngokuvamile libhekisela enanini lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi emvelo lapho ukungabikho kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwangaphandle. Uma udonga lomile, indawo engaphansi imunca amanzi futhi ukuhwamuka kwemvelo kwenza izinto zilahlekelwe amanzi ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kuzoba nesigubhu esingenalutho kanye nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka. Le ndlela yokusetshenziswa ukuxuba i-powder eyomile, uma ukulungiswa kwesisombululo kungabhekisela endleleni yokulungiselela isisombululo.
(4) Udaka lwe-insulation
Udaka lwe-thermal insulation luwuhlobo olusha lwezinto ezifakwa ngaphakathi ezindongeni ezishisayo enyakatho neChina. Kuyimpahla yodonga ehlanganiswe yi-thermal insulation material, udaka kanye ne-binder. Kule nto, i-cellulose idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni nasekukhuliseni amandla.
(5) i-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo
I-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo yi-HPMC20000cps, isibophezelo sethayela singaphezu kuka-60000cps, futhi i-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener, engathuthukisa amandla aqinile namandla omcibisholo. Ku-ejenti yokugcinwa kwamanzi ebhondisi ithayela ukuvimbela ithayela ukuthi lingalahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha kakhulu.
Isimo se-Industrial chain
(1) Imboni ekhuphuka nomfula
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether zifaka ukotini ocolisisiwe (noma i-pulp yokhuni) nezinye izincibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezivamile, njenge-propylene oxide, i-chloromethane, i-alkali ewuketshezi, i-alkali yethebhulethi, i-ethylene oxide, i-toluene nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Amabhizinisi akhuphukayo ale mboni ahlanganisa ukotini ocolisisiwe, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-wood pulp kanye namabhizinisi athile amakhemikhali. Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezishiwo ngenhla kuzoba nemiphumela ehlukile ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza kanye nenani lokuthengisa le-cellulose ether.
Izindleko zikakotini ocolisisiwe ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukuthatha izinto zokwakha grade cellulose ether njengesibonelo, phakathi nesikhathi sokubika, ingxenye yezindleko ukotini elicwengekile grade izinto zokwakha cellulose ether izindleko zokuthengisa kwaba 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% kanye 26.90%, ngokulandelana. Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo kakotini ocolisisiwe kuzothinta izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether. Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ukotini ocolisisiwe iyisisekelo sikakotini. Isisekelo sikakotini singenye yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo ekukhiqizweni kukakotini, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-pulp kakotini, ukotini ocolisisiwe, i-nitrocellulost neminye imikhiqizo. Inani lokusebenzisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesisekelo sikakotini lihlukile kwelolikakotini, futhi intengo yawo ngokusobala iphansi kunaleyo kakotini, kodwa inokuhlobana okuthile nokuguquguquka kwentengo kakotini. Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo kakotini okuyisisekelo kuzothinta intengo kakotini ocolisisiwe.
Ukushintshashintsha okunobudlova kwentengo kakotini ocolile kuzothinta izindleko zokukhiqiza, intengo yomkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo yamabhizinisi kulo mkhakha kuye kumazinga ahlukahlukene. Endabeni yenani eliphezulu likakotini elicwengekile kanye nentengo ye-pulp yezinkuni ishibhile, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, i-pulp yezinkuni ingasetshenziswa njenge-substitute kakotini elicwengekile kanye nesengezo, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose yezinga lokudla kanye nokunye okuphansi kwe-viscosity. i-cellulose ether. Ngo-2013, i-China yatshala amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-4.35 kakotini futhi yakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.31 kakotini, ngokusho kwesizindalwazi seNational Bureau of Statistics. Ngokwezibalo ze-China Cellulose Industry Association, ngo-2014, inani eliphelele likakotini ocolile wamabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya okukhiqiza ukotini ocolisisiwe kwaba amathani angu-332,000, nokutholakala okuningi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwemishini yamakhemikhali e-graphite yinsimbi ne-graphite carbon. Intengo yensimbi ne-graphite carbon ilandisa ingxenye ephezulu yezindleko zokukhiqiza zemishini yamakhemikhali e-graphite. Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kuzoba nomthelela othile ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza kanye nenani lokuthengisa lempahla yamakhemikhali e-graphite.
(2) isimo semboni ye-cellulose ether downstream
I-Cellulose ether njenge "industrial MONOsodium glutamate", i-cellulose ether enezela isilinganiso iphansi, uhla olubanzi lwezicelo, izimboni ezingezansi ezihlakazekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila emnothweni wezwe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, imboni yezokwakha ezansi nomfula kanye nemboni yezindlu ezithengiswayo izoba nomthelela othile ekukhuleni kwesidingo sezinto zokwakha zebanga le-cellulose ether. Lapho imboni yezokwakha yasekhaya kanye nezinga lokukhula kwemboni yezindlu nezindlu lishesha, imakethe yasekhaya yezinto zokwakha ibanga lokukhula kwesidingo se-cellulose ether liyashesha. Lapho izinga lokukhula kwemboni yezokwakha yasekhaya kanye nomkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo lehla, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo sezinto zokwakha grade cellulose ether emakethe yasekhaya lizokwehla, okwenza ukuncintisana embonini kushube kakhulu, futhi kusheshise ukusinda. yenqubo efaneleke kakhulu yamabhizinisi embonini.
Kusukela ngo-2012, ngaphansi kwesimo sokunciphisa ukukhula kwemboni yezokwakha yasekhaya kanye nemboni yezindlu, isidingo sezinto zokwakha grade cellulose ether emakethe yasekhaya asiguquki kakhulu. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi: 1. Isilinganiso esiphelele semboni yezokwakha yasekhaya kanye nemboni yezindlu nezindlu sikhulu, futhi isidingo sezimakethe sesisonke sikhulu; Imakethe enkulu yabathengi yezinto zokwakha i-cellulose ether yebanga ukusuka ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe kwezomnotho kanye namadolobha esigaba sokuqala nesesibili, kancane kancane inweba iye eMidwest nasemadolobheni asezingeni lesithathu, amandla okukhula kwesidingo sasekhaya kanye nokwandiswa kwesikhala; Okwesibili, inani le-cellulose ether elingezwe ezindlekweni zezinto zokwakha liphansi, inani lekhasimende elilodwa lincane, amakhasimende ahlakazekile, kulula ukukhiqiza isidingo esiqinile, isidingo esiphelele semakethe ephansi kakhulu sizinzile; Okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa kwentengo yemakethe yezinto zokwakha kuthinta ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-cellulose ether, izici ezibalulekile ukuthi izinga le-cellulose ether kusukela ngo-2012, ukwehla kwentengo yezinto zokwakha kukhulu, imikhiqizo ephezulu ekwehleni kwentengo inkulu, iheha amakhasimende amaningi ukuthenga ukukhethwa, anda isidingo semikhiqizo ephezulu e, futhi ecindezela uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezidingo zemakethe yemikhiqizo nendawo yamanani.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemithi kanye nezinga lokukhula kwemboni eyenza imithi kuzothinta ukuguqulwa kwesidingo se-ether ye-cellulose ether yebanga lezemithi. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu kanye nemboni yezokudla ethuthukisiwe kulungele ukushayela isidingo semakethe se-cellulose ether yezinga lokudla.
Indlela yokuthuthuka ye-cellulose ether
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwesidingo semakethe ye-cellulose ether yomehluko wesakhiwo, ukwakheka kwamandla amabhizinisi ahlukene ukuze ahlalisane. Uma kubhekwa izici ezicacile zokuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo sesidingo semakethe, abakhiqizi be-cellulose ether basekhaya bahlanganiswe namandla abo ukuze bathathe isu elihlukile lokuncintisana, kanye nokubamba kahle ukuthambekela kwentuthuko kanye nesiqondiso semakethe.
(1) ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kusazoba amaphuzu ayinhloko okuncintisana ezinkampanini ze-cellulose ether
I-cellulose ether embonini iningi lamabhizinisi angezansi ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza mancane kakhulu, kodwa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo inkulu. Amaqembu amakhasimende aphakathi nendawo nasezingeni eliphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kohlobo lwemodeli ye-cellulose ether ngaphambili, ukuze adlule ekuhlolweni kwefomula. Ngemva kokwenza ifomula ezinzile, ngokuvamile akulula ukushintsha ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, kodwa futhi ukubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuzinza kwekhwalithi ye-cellulose ether. Lesi simo sigqame kakhulu emabhizinisini okukhiqiza izinto zokwakha ezinkulu zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, izesekeli zemithi, izithasiselo zokudla, i-PVC kanye neminye imikhakha ephezulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo, abakhiqizi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwamaqoqo ahlukene e-cellulose ether kungagcina ukuzinza kwekhwalithi, ukuze kwakhiwe isithunzi esingcono semakethe.
(2) Ukuthuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi asekhaya we-cellulose ether
Endabeni yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether ngokuya ngokuvuthwa, izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa livumela amabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuphelele, ukwakhiwa kobudlelwane obuzinzile namakhasimende. Amabhizinisi aziwayo e-cellulose ether emazweni athuthukile ikakhulukazi amukela isu lokuncintisana “lokubhekana namakhasimende amakhulu aphezulu + ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa komfula”, athuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether nokusebenzisa ifomula, futhi alungise uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ngokuvumelana nokuhlukaniswa iziqephu ezahlukene. izinkambu zokufaka izicelo ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwamakhasimende, kanye nokuhlakulela isidingo semakethe engezansi. Ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi e-cellulose ether emazweni athuthukile kungene emkhakheni wokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kusuka kumkhiqizo.
Isifinyezo: I-Cellulose ether, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-industrial MONOsodium glutamate", inezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okubanzi, umthamo weyunithi encane, umphumela omuhle wokuguqula, ubungane emvelweni nokunye. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokwakha, imithi, ukudla, izindwangu, amakhemikhali nsuku zonke, ukuxhashazwa kwe-petroleum, izimayini, ukwenza iphepha, ukusabela kwe-polymerization kanye ne-aerospace kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-31-2022