1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokujiya
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezinto eziqinisa amanzi ezigcina amanzi yi-cellulose ether. I-Cellulose ether iyinhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu engathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuthile kodaka ngenani elincane kuphela lokwengeza. Iguqulwa isuke ku-cellulose engancibiliki emanzini ibe i-fiber encibilikayo emanzini ngokusabela kwe-etherification. Yenziwe nge-ether engenalutho futhi ineyunithi yesakhiwo eyisisekelo ye-anhydroglucose. Inezakhiwo ezihlukene ngokohlobo kanye nenani lamaqembu ashintshayo endaweni yawo yokufaka esikhundleni. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-thickener ukulungisa ukuhambisana kodaka; ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi Ingakwazi ukulungisa kahle isidingo samanzi sodaka, futhi ingakhulula kancane kancane amanzi phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, engaqinisekisa kahle ukuthi udaka kanye ne-substrate emunca amanzi kuboshwe kangcono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-cellulose ether ingakwazi ukulungisa izakhiwo ze-rheological zodaka, ikhulise ukusebenza nokusebenza. Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-cellulose ether ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zamakhemikhali odakeni oluxutshwe okomile: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④I-Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose; ⑥starch ester, njll. Ukwengezwa kwama-ether e-cellulose ashiwo ngenhla kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe okomile: ①Khulisa ukusebenza; ②Khulisa ukunamathela; ③Udaka akulula ukopha nokuluhlukanisa; Ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle kakhulu; ⑥ Udaka kulula ukwakha ngezingqimba ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo ezingenhla, ama-ether e-cellulose ahlukene nawo anezindawo zawo ezikhethekile. U-Cai Wei wase-Chongqing University ufinyeze indlela yokuthuthukisa ye-methyl cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kodaka. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ngemva kokwengeza i-MC (methyl cellulose ether) into egcina amanzi odakeni, kuzokwakhiwa amabhamuza amaningi amancane. Isebenza njenge-ball bear, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi ama-bubbles omoya asagcinwe emzimbeni wodaka oluqinile, enza ama-pores azimele futhi avimbele ama-capillary pores. I-ejenti egcina amanzi ye-MC ingathuthukisa nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa ngezinga elikhulu, elingakwazi nje ukuvimbela udaka ekopheni nasekuhlukaniseni, kodwa futhi luvimbele amanzi ukuthi ahwamuke ngokushesha kakhulu noma amuncwe yi-substrate ngokushesha okukhulu. Isigaba sokuqala sokuphulukisa, ukuze usimende ube ngcono kunamanzi, ukuze isibopho Amandla sithuthukiswe. Ukufakwa kwe-MC egcina amanzi kuzothuthukisa ukushwabana kodaka. Lena i-ejenti egcina amanzi empushana enhle engagcwaliswa ezimbotsheni, ukuze izimbotshana ezixhumene odakeni zincishiswe, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kuzoncishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukushwabana okomile kodaka. inani. I-Cellulose ether ivamise ukuxutshwa odakeni olunamathelayo lwengxube eyomile, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa njengokunamathela kwamathayili. Uma i-cellulose ether ixutshwa ku-adhesive tile, umthamo wokugcina amanzi we-tile mastic ungathuthukiswa kakhulu. I-Cellulose ether ivimbela ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kwamanzi kusuka kusimende kuya ku-substrate noma izitini, ukuze usimende ube namanzi anele okuqinisa ngokugcwele, ukwandisa isikhathi sokulungisa, futhi uthuthukise amandla okubopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cellulose ether iphinde ithuthukise i-plasticity ye-mastic, yenza ukwakhiwa kube lula, ikhulise indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-mastic nomzimba wezitini, futhi inciphisa ukushelela nokugoqa kwe-mastic, noma ngabe ubukhulu beyunithi ngayinye bukhulu futhi ukuminyana kwendawo kuphezulu. Amathayili anamathiselwe endaweni eqondile ngaphandle kokushelela kwe-mastic. I-cellulose ether nayo ingabambezela ukwakheka kwesikhumba sikasimende, yandise isikhathi esivulekile, futhi ikhulise izinga lokusebenzisa usimende.
2. I-Organic fiber
Imicu esetshenziswa odakeni ingahlukaniswa ibe imicu yensimbi, imicu ye-inorganic kanye nemicu yemvelo ngokuya ngezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo. Ukwengeza amafayibha odakeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo kokumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokunqanda ukuvuleka. Imicu ye-Organic ivame ukungezwa odakeni oluxutshwe okomile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungaboli kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka. Imicu esetshenziswa kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo yilezi: i-polypropylene fiber (PP), i-polyamide (nylon) (PA) fiber, i-polyvinyl alcohol (vinylon) (PVA) fiber, i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-polyethylene fiber, i-polyester fiber, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-polypropylene fiber okwamanje esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kuyi-crystalline polymer enesakhiwo esijwayelekile esenziwe nge-propylene monomer ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Inokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ukucutshungulwa okuhle, isisindo esilula, ukuncipha okuncane kwe-creep, kanye nenani eliphansi. Futhi ezinye izici, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-polypropylene fiber imelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, futhi ayiphenduli ngamakhemikhali ngezinto ezisekelwe kusimende, ithole ukunakwa okubanzi ekhaya naphesheya. Umthelela wokulwa nokuqhekeka wemicu exutshwe nodaka uhlukaniswa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: esinye yisiteji sodaka lwepulasitiki; enye isiteji somzimba wodaka oluqinile. Esigabeni sepulasitiki sodaka, izintambo ezisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo zinikeza isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, esidlala indima ekusekeleni ukuhlanganiswa okuhle, kuvimbela ukuxazululwa kwe-aggregate emihle, futhi kunciphise ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuhlukaniswa kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka, futhi ukwengezwa kwezintambo kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kodaka futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka. Ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi esiteji sepulasitiki, ukuncipha kodaka kuzoveza ukucindezeleka okuqinile, futhi ukungezwa kwemicu kungathwala lokhu kucindezeleka okuqinile. Esigabeni sokuqina sodaka, ngenxa yokuba khona kokuncipha okomisa, ukuncipha kwe-carbonization, nokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa, ukucindezeleka kuzokwenziwa ngaphakathi kodaka. isandiso se-microcrack. U-Yuan Zhenyu nabanye baphetha ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqhekeka kwepuleti lodaka ukuthi ukwengeza i-polypropylene fiber odakeni kunganciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwepulasitiki futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka. Lapho okuqukethwe kwevolumu ye-polypropylene fiber odakeni kungu-0.05% no-0.10%, imifantu ingancishiswa ngo-65% no-75%, ngokulandelana. U-Huang Chengya nabanye abavela eSikoleni Sezinto Zokusebenza, eSouth China University of Technology, baphinde baqinisekisa ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza komshini kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-polypropylene fiber Cement-based composite materials ukuthi ukwengeza inani elincane le-polypropylene fiber odakeni lukasimende kungathuthukisa amandla aguquguqukayo futhi acindezelayo. ngodaka lukasimende. Inani elilungile le-fiber odakeni lukasimende lingaba ngu-0.9kg/m3, uma inani lidlula lesi samba, umphumela wokuqiniswa nokuqina kwe-fiber odakeni lukasimende ngeke uthuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi akuwona ukonga. Ukwengeza amafayibha odakeni kungathuthukisa ukungagxili kodaka. Lapho i-matrix ye-samente iyancipha, ngenxa yendima yensimbi emihle edlalwa imicu, amandla asetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngisho noma kukhona ama-micro-cracks ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukwandiswa kwemifantu kuzovinjelwa uhlelo lwenethiwekhi ye-fiber. , Kunzima ukuthuthuka kube imifantu emikhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwakha indlela yokuphuma emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukungakwazi ukungena kodaka.
3. I-ejenti yokwandisa
I-ejenti yokwandisa enye ingxenye ebalulekile yokulwa nokuqhekeka kanye ne-anti-seepage kudaka lwengxube eyomile. Ama-ejenti wokunweba asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-AEA, UEA, CEA njalonjalo. I-ejenti yokwandisa ye-AEA inezinzuzo zamandla amakhulu, umthamo omncane, amandla angemuva aphezulu, ukuncipha okomile, nokuqukethwe kwe-alkali okuphansi. Amaminerali e-calcium aluminate CA ku-high-alumina clinker engxenyeni ye-AEA aqale aphendule nge-CaSO4 kanye ne-Ca(OH)2 ukuze afake amanzi ukuze akhe i-calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) futhi ande. I-UEA iphinde ikhiqize i-ettringite ukuze ikhiqize ukunwetshwa, kuyilapho i-CEA ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-calcium hydroxide. I-ejenti yokwandisa ye-AEA iyi-ejenti yokwandisa i-calcium aluminate, okuyingxube yokunweba eyenziwe ngokugaya ngokuhlanganyela ingxenye ethile ye-high-alumina clinker, i-alunite yemvelo negypsum. Ukwanda okwakhiwa ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-AEA kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izici ezimbili: esigabeni sokuqala sikasimende, i-calcium aluminate mineral CA ku-alumina clinker ephezulu engxenyeni ye-AEA iqala isabela nge-CaSO4 ne-Ca(OH)2, kanye nama-hydrates. ukwakha i-calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) futhi yandise, inani lokunwetshwa likhulu. Ijeli ekhiqiziwe ye-ettringite ne-hydrated aluminium hydroxide yenza isigaba sokunweba kanye nesigaba sejeli kufane ngokunengqondo, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokunwetshwa kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa amandla. Ezigabeni ezimaphakathi nezakamuva, i-ettringite iphinde ikhiqize i-ettringite ngaphansi kwesasasa le-lime gypsum ukuze ikhiqize ukunwetshwa okuncane, okuthuthukisa i-microstructure yesixhumi esibonakalayo esihlanganisiwe sikasimende. Ngemuva kokuthi i-AEA yengezwe odakeni, inani elikhulu le-ettringite elakhiwe ezigabeni zokuqala naphakathi lizokwandisa umthamo wodaka, lenze isakhiwo sangaphakathi sihlangane, sithuthukise ukwakheka kwembobo yodaka, sinciphise ama-macropores, sinciphise inani. porosity, futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukungathobeki. Uma udaka lusesimweni esomile esigabeni sakamuva, ukunwetshwa ezigabeni zokuqala nezimaphakathi kungasusa konke noma ingxenye yokuncipha esigabeni sakamuva, ukuze ukumelana nokuqhekeka nokumelana nokugeleza kuthuthukiswe. Izandisi ze-UEA zenziwe ngezinhlanganisela ezingaphili njengama-sulfate, i-alumina, i-potassium sulfoaluminate ne-calcium sulfate. Uma i-UEA ixutshwa kusimende ngenani elifanele, ingafinyelela imisebenzi yokunxephezela ukushwabana, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokunqanda ukuvuza. Ngemuva kokuthi i-UEA yengezwe kusimende ojwayelekile futhi ixutshwe, izosabela nge-calcium silicate kanye ne-hydrate ukuze yakhe i-Ca(OH)2, ezokhiqiza i-sulfoaluminic acid. I-Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) iyi-ettringite, eyenza udaka lukasimende lukhule ngokusesilinganisweni, futhi izinga lokunwetshwa lodaka lukasimende lilingana nokuqukethwe kwe-UEA, okwenza udaka luminyene, olunokumelana nokuqhekeka okuphezulu kanye nokungangeneli. U-Lin Wentian usebenzise udaka lukasimende oluxutshwe ne-UEA odongeni lwangaphandle, futhi wazuza umphumela omuhle wokunqanda ukuvuza. I-Clinker ye-ejenti yokwandisa i-CEA yenziwe nge-limestone, ubumba (noma ubumba oluphezulu lwe-alumina), kanye nempushana yensimbi, ebalwa ku-1350-1400 ° C, bese igaywa ukuze yenze i-ejenti yokwandisa i-CEA. Ama-ejenti wokunweba we-CEA anemithombo emibili yokwandisa: I-CaO hydration ukuze yakhe i-Ca(OH)2; I-C3A futhi yasebenza i-Al2O3 ukuze yakhe i-ettringite maphakathi ne-gypsum ne-Ca(OH)2.
4. Ipulasitiki
I-Mortar plasticizer iyingxube yodaka efaka umoya oyimpuphu ehlanganiswe ama-polymer ephilayo kanye nezixube zamakhemikhali angaphili, futhi iyi-anionic surface-active material. Inganciphisa kakhulu ukungezwani kwendawo yesixazululo, futhi ikhiqize inqwaba yamabhamuza avaliwe futhi amancane (ngokuvamile angu-0.25-2.5mm ububanzi) ngesikhathi sokuxuba udaka namanzi. Ibanga phakathi kwamabhamuza amancane lincane futhi ukuzinza kuhle, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka. ; Ingakwazi ukuhlakaza izinhlayiya zikasimende, ikhuthaze ukusabela kwe-cement hydration, ithuthukise amandla odaka, ukungagxili kanye nokumelana nokuncibilika kweqhwa, futhi inciphise ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kukasimende; ine-viscosity enhle, ukunamathela okuqinile kodaka oluxubene nalo, futhi kungaba kuhle Vimbela izinkinga ezivamile zokwakha ezifana nokugoqa (umgodi), ukuqhekeka, nokugeleza kwamanzi odongeni; ingathuthukisa indawo yokwakha, yehlise izinga labasebenzi, futhi ikhuthaze ukwakhiwa okuphucuzekile; kuyinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yezomnotho nenhlalakahle engathuthukisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi futhi yehlise imikhiqizo evumelana nemvelo neyonga amandla ngezindleko eziphansi zokwakha. I-Lignosulfonate iyi-plasticizer evame ukusetshenziswa odakeni lwempushana eyomile, okuwudoti ophuma ezigayweni zephepha, futhi umthamo wayo ojwayelekile ngu-0.2% kuya ku-0.3%. Ama-Plasticizer avame ukusetshenziswa odakeni oludinga izakhiwo ezinhle zokuzilinganisa, njengama-cushions azilinganisa, ama-surface mortars noma ama-leveling mortars. Ukwengeza ama-plasticizers odakeni lwamatshe kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka, kuthuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi, uketshezi kanye nokuhlangana kodaka, futhi kunqobe ukushiyeka kodaka oluxutshwe usimende njengomlotha oqhumayo, ukushwabana okukhulu namandla aphansi, ukuze kuqinisekwe. Izinga le-masonry. Ingagcina u-50% we-lime unamathisele odakeni olukhonkolo, futhi udaka akulula ukopha noma ukuhlukaniswa; udaka lunokunamathela okuhle ku-substrate; ungqimba olungaphezulu alunayo into yokukhipha u-salting, futhi lukwazi ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle, ukumelana nesithwathwa kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
5. Isithasiselo se-Hydrophobic
Izithasiselo ze-Hydrophobic noma izinto ezixosha amanzi zivimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni odakeni kuyilapho zigcina udaka luvulekile ukuvumela ukusakazeka komhwamuko wamanzi. Izithasiselo ze-Hydrophobic zemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile kufanele zibe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ①Kufanele kube umkhiqizo oyimpushana; ②Iba nezindawo ezinhle zokuhlanganisa; ③Yenza udaka njenge-hydrophobic yonke futhi ugcine umphumela wesikhathi eside; ④Isibopho esingaphezulu Amandla awanawo umthelela omubi osobala; ⑤ nobungane emvelweni. Ama-Hydrophobic agents asetshenziswayo njengamanje ama-fatty acid metal salts, njenge-calcium stearate; silane. Kodwa-ke, i-calcium stearate ayisona isithasiselo se-hydrophobic esifanelekile sodaka oluxutshwe okomile, ikakhulukazi izinto zokunamathisela zokwakhiwa kwemishini, ngoba kunzima ukuxuba ngokushesha nangokufana nodaka lukasimende. Izithasiselo ze-Hydrophobic zivame ukusetshenziselwa udaka odakeni lokuplasta okuncanyana kwangaphandle kwamasistimu okuvikela ukushisa, ama-tile grouts, udaka oluhlotshisiwe olunemibala, nodaka olunameka olungangeni manzi lwezindonga zangaphandle.
6. Ezinye izithasiselo
I-coagulant isetshenziselwa ukulungisa isimo kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zodaka. I-calcium formate ne-lithium carbonate isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukulayisha okujwayelekile kungu-1% we-calcium formate kanye no-0.2% we-lithium carbonate. Njengama-accelerator, ama-retarders nawo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukumiswa kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zodaka. I-tartaric acid, i-citric acid nosawoti wayo, negluconate kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-0.05%~0.2%. I-powdered defoamer inciphisa okuqukethwe komoya kodaka olusha. Ama-defoam ayimpushana asekelwe emaqenjini amakhemikhali ahlukene njengama-hydrocarbon, ama-polyethylene glycols noma ama-polysiloxanes adsorbed kuzisekelo ze-inorganic. I-ether yesitashi ingakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo ukuvumelana kodaka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhuphule kancane isidingo samanzi kanye nenani lesivuno, futhi yehlise izinga lokuwohloka lodaka olusanda kuxutshwa. Lokhu kuvumela udaka ukuba lwenziwe lube lugqinsi futhi ingcina yethayela ibambelele kumathayili asindayo ngokuhlehla kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-06-2023