1. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuqina kwezinto
Uhlobo oluphambili lokugcina amanzi okugcina amanzi yi-cellulose ether. I-Celsulose Ether ingukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo okuphezulu okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuthile kodaka ngenani elincane lokungezwa. Kuguqulwa kusuka ku-cellulose engenawo infoluble infoluble ibe yifayibha engenamanzi ngokusabela okuthe xaxa ngokuphendula. Yenziwe nge-ether ecacile futhi ineyunithi eyisisekelo yesakhiwo se-Anhydroglucose. Inezakhiwo ezihlukile ngokuya ngohlobo nenombolo yamaqembu afaka esikhundleni sesikhundla sayo sokufaka esikhundleni. Ingasetshenziswa njengomuntu omkhulu ukuze alungise ukuvumelana kodaka; Ukugcinwa kwalo kwamanzi kungalungisa kahle ukufunwa kwamanzi kodaka, futhi kungakhulula kancane kancane amanzi kungakapheli isikhathi, esingaqinisekisa kahle ukuthi i-slurry kanye ne-substrate edonsa amanzi inesobho elingcono. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-cellulose ether ingashintsha izakhiwo ze-bheological zodaka, inyuse ukusebenza nokusebenza. Amakhompiyutha alandelayo we-cellulose ether angasetshenziswa njengezengezo zamakhemikhali ngodaka oluhlanganisiwe: ①na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤HyDroxypropyllylylylylylylls; ⑥Starch Ester, njll. Ukungezelelwa kwezithambekela ezihlolwe ngenhla ze-cellulose ehlukahlukene kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka oluhlanganisiwe: ①Increase ukuwenza; ②Increase okunamathelayo; Udaka akulula ukopha futhi uhlukanise; Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu; ⑥ Udaka kulula ukwakha ezingxenyeni ezimnene. Ngokungeziwe kulezi zindawo ezingenhla, izithambiso ezahlukahlukene ze-cellulose nazo zinazo ezazo ezikhethekile. I-Cai Wei kusuka ku-Chongqing University ifingtela lenzondo yokuthuthuka kwe-methyl cellulose ether ekwenzeni udaka. Ukholelwe lokho ngemuva kokungeza i-MC (Metyy Cellulose Ether) Amanzi agcina amanzi kudaka, kuzokwakhiwa ama-bubble amaningi anomoya. Isebenza njengokuthwala ibhola, ethuthukisa ukusebenziseka kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi ama-bubble amoya asagcinwe emzimbeni wowesifazane onzima, akha ama-pores azimele futhi avimba ama-pores angenazimele. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi e-MC nayo ingathuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka olusanda kuhlanganiswa ngezinga elikhulu, elingakwazi kuphela ukuvimba udaka kuphela ekutholeni ukopha noma ukunwebeka ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphakathi Isigaba sokuqala sokwelapha, ukuze usimende singenziwa ama-hydrate angcono, ukuze amandla ebhondi athuthukisiwe. Ukufakwa kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi e-MC kuzothuthukisa i-shrinkage yodaka. Lona u-ejenti ogciniwe we-powder ogcina amanzi angagcwaliswa kuma-pores, ukuze ama-pores axhumene nodaka azoncishiswa, futhi ukulahleka kwamanzi okuhwamuka kuyokwehliswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuncipha komile kodaka. inani. I-Cellulose Ether imvamisa exutshwe ngodaka olunama-anama oluhlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa njenge-tile anamathelayo. Uma i-cellulose ether ixubene ne-tile adhesive, umthamo wokugcina amanzi we-tile mastic ungathuthukiswa kakhulu. I-Cellulose Ether ivimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi okusheshayo kusuka kusimende kuya ku-substrate noma izitini, ukuze usimende ube namanzi anele okuqinisa ngokuphelele, futhi uthuthukise amandla okulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cellulose ether ibuye ithuthukise i-plastity ye-mastic, yenza ukwakhiwa kube lula, kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-mastic kanye nomzimba wezitini, noma kunciphisa ukushelela kwe-mastic, noma ngabe isisindo sendawo ngayinye sikhulu futhi Ubuningi bendawo buphakeme. Amathayili agcotshwa ezindaweni ezibheke phezulu ngaphandle kwe-slippage ye-mastic. I-Celsulose Ether ingaphinde ithathezele ukwakheka kwesikhumba sikakhonkolo, yandisa isikhathi esivulekile, futhi yandise izinga lokusetshenziswa kosimende.
2. I-Organic Fibre
Imicu esetshenziswa ngodaka ingahlukaniswa imicu yensimbi, imicu ye-inorganic kanye nemicu ye-organic ngokwezinto zayo ezibonakalayo. Ukungeza imicu kudaka kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo okulwa nokulwa nokulwa nokulwa ne-SEAVEPAGE. Imicu ye-organic imvamisa yengezwa ku-wonduka oxutshwe omile ukuze uthuthukise ukungakhululeki kanye nokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kodaka. Imicu ye-organic evame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: I-Polypropylene Fibre (PP), i-Polyamide (i-Nylon) (PVA) (PVA) (PNLLON) (PANGLON), i-polyethylene fiber, i-polypropylene fiber Okwamanje kusetshenziswe kakhulu. Kuyi-polymer ekristalu nge-polymerized ejwayelekile nge-propelene monomer ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Inokumelana nokugqwayiza okunamakhemikhali, ukucubungula okuhle, isisindo esikhanyayo, ukuncipha okuncane, kanye nentengo ephansi. Futhi ezinye izici, futhi ngoba i-polypropylene fiber imelana ne-acid ne-alkali, futhi ayisabeli ngamakhemikhali ngezinto zokwenziwa kosimende, ithole ukunakwa okugcwele ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Umphumela olwa nokuqhekeka kwemicu exutshwe nodaka ikakhulukazi uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: enye iyisigaba sodaka sepulasitiki; enye iyisigaba somzimba osindisiwe sikadaka. Esigabeni sepulasitiki sodaka, imicu esatshalaliswa kahle yethula isakhiwo senethiwekhi enezici ezintathu, edlala indima ekusekeleni i-aggregate enhle, ivimbela ukukhokhelwa kokuhlangana okuhle, futhi kunciphise ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka, futhi ukungezwa kwemicu kunciphisa ukwahlukaniswa kodaka futhi kunciphise amathuba okuqhekeka kwendawo yodaka. Ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi esigabeni sepulasitiki, i-shrinkage yodaka izokhiqiza ukucindezelwa okuthe xaxa, futhi ukungezwa kwemicu kungathwala le ngcindezi eshubile. Esigabeni esinzima sodaka, ngenxa yokuba khona kokomisa i-shrinkage, i-carbonization shrinkage, kanye nokushisa okushisa, ukucindezela kuzokwenziwa futhi ngaphakathi kodaka. isandiso se-michicrack. U-Yuan Zhenge nabanye baphetha ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqhekeka kwepuleti yodaka lokuthi u-polypropylene fiber kuya ku-portar unganciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kwama-shrinkage wodaka futhi uthuthukise ukumelana kodaka. Lapho okuqukethwe kwevolumu ye-polypropylene fiber ku-datar kungu-0,05% no-0.10%, imifantu ingancishiswa ngo-65% no-75%, ngokulandelana. UHuang Chengya nabanye abavela esikoleni sezinto zokwakha, iSouth China University of Technology, futhi kuqinisekiswe ngovivinyo lokusebenza kwe-polypropylene fiber olwengeza i-polypropylene fiber to pelypropylene fiber ku-polypropylene fiber ku-usimende kasimende ongathuthukisa amandla aguqukayo nangamakhaza kasimende kasimende. Inani elifanele le-fiber ku-usimende kasimende licishe libe ngu-0.9kg / m3, uma inani lidlula leli nani, umphumela wokuqiniswa kanye nowokuqina wefayibha ku-fiber ngodaka ngeke luthuthuke kakhulu, futhi akulona ngokomnotho. Ukungeza imicu kudaka kungathuthukisa ukungakhululeki kodaka. Lapho i-matrix yesimende icwila, ngenxa yeqhaza lemigoqo emihle yensimbi edlalwa yimicu, amandla asetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Noma ngabe kukhona imifantu emincane ngemuva kokugxuma, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuxineka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukwanda kwemifantu kuzophazanyiswa uhlelo lwenethiwekhi ye-fiber. , Kunzima ukuthuthukisa kube imifantu emikhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwakha indlela ye-beacepage, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukungapheleli kodaka.
3. Umenzeli we-Expension
Umenzeli wokunwebeka ungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokulwa nokulwa nengxenye ye-anti-seepage ku-datar eyomile exutshwe. Ama-ejenti wokunwebeka asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-AEA, UEA, CEA nokunye. Umenzeli wokunwetshwa kwe-AEA unezinzuzo zamandla amakhulu, umthamo omncane, amandla aphezulu aphezulu, i-shrinkage eyomile, nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-alkali. Ama-Minerals we-calcium alidunal ca ku-High-Alumina Clinker engxenyeni ye-AEA aqala ukusabela ngeCaso4 ne-CA (OH (oh (oh) 2 ukuze ahlangane ne-calcium sulfoaluminanate hydrate (eTringite) futhi anwebe. I-UEA ibuye ikhiqize i-ettringite ukukhiqiza ukunwetshwa, ngenkathi i-CEA ikakhulukazi ikhiqiza i-calcium hydroxide. Umenzeli wokunwetshwa kwe-AEA ungumlingisi we-calcium auminal exreansional ejenti, okuwukuphikisana okwandayo okwenziwe ngokugaya ngokwengxenye ethile ye-High-Alumina Clinker, i-Alunite yemvelo ne-gypsum. Ukunwetshwa okwakhiwa ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-AEA ikakhulukazi kungenxa yezinto ezimbili: ekuqaleni kwe-Conment Hydration, i-calcium aluminate mineral ca ku-alumina clinkeral can engxenyeni ephezulu ye-alumina engxenyeni ye-Alumina e-Alumina engxenyeni yokuqala ephathelene ne-CASO4 ne-CA (OH (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh (oh) Ukwakha i-calcium sulfoalalunanate hydrate (ettringite) futhi wandise, inani lokunwetshwa likhulu. Ijeli ye-aluminite ekhiqizwayo ne-hydrate aluminium hydroxide gelcoxide yenza isigaba sokunwebisa kanye ne-gel (isigaba se-gel ngokufana, esingaqinisekisa ukusebenza kokukhulisa kepha futhi siqinisekisa amandla. Emagandeni aphakathi nendawo, e-Ettringite futhi akhiqiza i-ettringite ngaphansi kwe-expation of lime gypsum ukukhiqiza ukunwetshwa kwe-microskukhuthazwa kwe-cents aggregate interface. Ngemuva kokuthi i-AEEA inezelwe kudaka, inani elikhulu le-ettringite elenzelwe izigaba zakuqala naphakathi lizokwandisa umthamo wodaka, yenza ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, ukunciphisa i-macropores yodaka, ukunciphisa inani eliphelele Futhi ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukungapheleli. Lapho udaka esesimweni esomile esiteji esizayo, ukunwetshwa kwezigaba zakuqala naphakathi kungasusa yonke noma ingxenye ye-shrinkage esikhathini esizayo, ukuze ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-epage kuyathuthukiswa. Ama-Uea magreast enziwa ezinhlangeni ze-inorganic ezinjenge-sulfates, i-alumina, i-potassium sulfate ne-calcium supulate. Lapho i-UEA ixutshwe usimende ngenani elifanele, ingafinyelela imisebenzi yokunxephezela i-shrinkage, ukumelana nokuqhekeka nokulwa nokuvuza. Ngemuva kokuthi i-UEA yengezwa kuso usimende ojwayelekile futhi ixutshwe, izosabela nge-calcium silication futhi i-hydrate to form ca (oh) 2, okuzokhiqiza i-sulfoalumin acid. I-calcium (C2A · 3caso4 · 32h2o) yi-ettriting, eyenza u-cutem womuntu okhulisa ngokulinganayo, futhi izinga lokunwebeka kodaka ngodaka lulingana nokuqukethwe kwe-Urea, okwenza udaka lube mnyama, ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu. I-Lin Header Cement Fanzing ehlanganiswe ne-UEA kodonga lwangaphandle, futhi yathola imiphumela emihle yokulwa nokuvuza. I-CEA Ejention Agent Clinker yenziwa nge-limestone, ubumba (noma ubumba oluphakeme luka-Alumina), ne-iron powder, ebibalwe ngo-1350-1400 ° C, bese kuthi inhlabathi yokwenza i-CEA EXHANTION C, bese inhlabathi ukwenza i-CEA EXHANTION C, bese isebenza ekwenzeni i-CEA EXHANSION C, bese inhlabathi ukwenza i-CEA EXHANSION C, bese inhlabathi ukwenza umenzeli we-CEA EXHANDINION C, bese ubeka phansi ekwenzeni i-CEA EXHANSION C, bese kuthi inhlabathi ukwenza umenzeli we-CEA EXHANDINION C, bese ubeka phansi ekwenzeni i-CEA EXHANSION C, bese kuthi inhlabathi ukwenza umenzeli we-CEA EXHANDINION C, bese ubeka phansi ekwenzeni i-Cel Ama-Chea Exchion Agents anemithombo emibili yokwanda: I-CAO HYDRAICT yokwakha i-CA (OH) 2; I-C3A futhi isebenze i-Al2o3 ukwenza i-Ettringite ku-Gypsum ne-CA (oh) 2.
4. I-Plistic
I-Mortar Plasticizer ingumbulelo obambelele womoya ongenisa umoya ohlanganiswe ngama-organic polymers kanye nama-admixtures we-inorganic, futhi iyisitatimende esisebenzayo se-anionic. Kunganciphisa kakhulu ukungezwani kwesixazululo, futhi kukhiqize inani elikhulu lamabhamuza avaliwe futhi amancane (ngokuvamile angu-0.25-2.5mm ububanzi) ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxubana yamanzi. Ibanga phakathi kwama-microbubble lincane futhi ukuqina kulungile, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenziseka kodaka. ; Kungasatshalaliswa izinhlayiya zosekhukhwini, kuthuthukise ukusabela kuka-Cement Hydration, kuthuthukiswe amandla odoti, okungaphelele kanye nokuphikiswa okuxakayo nokuhanjiswa kweqhwa, futhi kuncishiswe ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kosimende; Inokubonakala okuhle, ukunamathela okuqinile kodaka okuxutshwe nakho, futhi kungavimbela kahle izinkinga zokwakha ezivamile ezinjengokushaya (okunamafutha), ukuqhekeka, kanye nekhasi le-peater osodongeni; Kungathuthukisa imvelo yokwakha, ukunciphisa amandla abasebenzi, futhi kukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwempucuko; Kuyinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yezomnotho neyezenhlalo engathuthukisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi futhi inciphise imikhiqizo esonga imvelo neyamandla ngezindleko eziphansi zokwakha. I-Liggosulfonate iyipulasitiki evame ukusetshenziswa ku-powder owomile, okuchitha kusuka kumalambu ephepha, futhi umthamo wayo ojwayelekile ngu-0.2% kuya ku-0.3%. Amapulasitiki ajwayele ukusetshenziswa kuzinyoka ezidinga izakhiwo ezinhle zokuzenzela, ezinjengama-cushions azimisele, udaka olungaphezulu noma ukunciphisa udaka. Ukungeza amapulasitiki ku-masonry udaka kungathuthukisa ukusebenziseka kodaka, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, uketshezi kanye nokubumbana kodaka, futhi kunqobe ukushiyeka kodaka oluxutshwe nomlotha onjengomlotha ofanayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla aphansi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla aphansi, ukuze uqinisekise amandla aphansi, ukuze uqinisekise Ikhwalithi yama-masonry. Kungonga ukunamathisela kuka-50% U-Lime ku-dilaster ngodaka, futhi udaka akulula ukopela noma uhlukanise; Udaka unama-adhesion amahle ku-substrate; Ungqimba olungaphezulu alunawo-ke into yokudlala, futhi unokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kweqhwa, ukumelana nesithwathwa kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
5. I-Hydrophobic isengezo
Izithasiselo ze-Hydrophobic noma izithako zamanzi zivimbela amanzi ukuthi zingene ngodaka ngenkathi kuthi udaka luvulekele ukuvumela ukubekeka komphunga wamanzi. Izithasiselo ze-Hydrophobic zemikhiqizo yodaka eyomile ehlanganisiwe kufanele ibe nezimpawu ezilandelayo: ①IT kufanele kube umkhiqizo we-powder; ② Hheva izakhiwo ezinhle zokuxuba; ▪ Yenza udaka njenge-hydrophopobic ephelele futhi ugcine umphumela wesikhathi eside; ④Bond emandleni angaphezulu angenawo umthelela omubi osobala; ⑤ Ngobungane emvelweni. Ama-Hydrophobic agents njengamanje asetshenziswa usawoti wensimbi enamafutha, njenge-calcium stearate; USilane. Kodwa-ke, i-calcium stearate akuyona into efanelekile ye-hydrophobic yodaka eyomile, ikakhulukazi ngezinto zokufaka zokwakhiwa kwemishini, ngoba kunzima ukuxuba ngokushesha futhi ngokufana nosimende ngodaka kasimende. Izengezo ze-Hydrophobic zivame ukusetshenziswa ekubuyiseleni kohlobo lokufaka amasimu abukhali okubumba ama-thermalteral infaltem, ama-tile grouts, izidakamizwa ezihlobisayo ezinemibala, kanye nohlobo olunamanzi oluphambayo lwezindonga zangaphandle.
6. Ezinye izengezo
I-coagulant isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukulungiswa kanye nezakhiwo ezilukhuni zodaka. I-calcium yakha ne-lithium carbonate isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukulayisha okujwayelekile kuyi-1% calcium yakheka kanye ne-0.2% lithium Carbonate. Njengama-accelerators, ama-retardars nawo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa isimo kanye nezakhiwo ezilukhuni zodaka. I-Tartaric acid, i-citric acid nosawoti wabo, kanye ne-gluconate kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-0.05% ~ 0.2%. I-defeamer eyimpuphu inciphisa okuqukethwe komoya kodaka olusha. Ama-desoamers afakwe yimpuphu asuselwa emaqenjini ahlukene amakhemikhali afana nama-hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols noma ama-polysiloxanes adsorbed kwizisekeli ze-inorganic. I-Starch Ether ingakhulisa kakhulu ukungaguquguquki kodaka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yandise kancane isidingo samanzi kanye nenani lesivuno, futhi linciphise izinga lokuhlanza lodaka olusanda kuhlanganiswa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi udaka alwenziwe anamathegi anamathela ekutholeni amathayili ashubile ane-sagging encane.
Isikhathi sePosi: FEB-06-2023