Yenziwa kanjani i-polyanionic cellulose?

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iphuma ku-cellulose encibilika emanzini enezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokumba uketshezi embonini kawoyela negesi. Iyaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ze-rheological, ukuzinza okuphezulu nokuhambisana nezinye izithasiselo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyanionic cellulose kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, nokuhlanza.

1. Ukukhishwa kweCellulose:

Impahla yokuqala ye-polyanionic cellulose i-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. I-Cellulose ingatholakala ezintweni zezitshalo ezahlukene, njenge-pulp yokhuni, ama-linter kakotini, noma ezinye izitshalo ezine-fibrous. Inqubo yokukhipha ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

A. Ukulungiselela impahla eluhlaza:

Izinto ezikhethiwe zezitshalo zenziwa kuqala ukuze zisuse ukungcola okufana ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose ne-pectin. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngenhlanganisela yokwelapha ngomshini namakhemikhali.

b. I-Pulping:

Izinto esezilungisiwe zibe sezikhishwa, inqubo ephula imicu ye-cellulose. Izindlela ezivamile zokudonsa zihlanganisa i-kraft pulping kanye ne-sulfite pulping, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.

C. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cellulose:

I-pulp material icutshungulwa ukuze ihlukanise imicu ye-cellulosic. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya inqubo yokuwasha kanye nokwenza mhlophe ukuze kutholwe impahla ye-cellulosic emsulwa.

2. Ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali:

Uma i-cellulose isitholiwe, iguqulwa amakhemikhali ukuze yethule amaqembu e-anionic, iguqule ibe yi-polyanionic cellulose. Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kule njongo i-etherification.

A. Etherification:

I-Etherification ihilela ukusabela kwe-cellulose nge-ejenti ye-etherifying ukwethula ukuxhumana kwe-ether. Endabeni ye-polyanionic cellulose, amaqembu e-carboxymethyl avame ukwethulwa. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusabela nge-sodium monochloroacetate phambi kwe-catalyst eyisisekelo.

b. Ukusabela kwe-Carboxymethylation:

Ukusabela kwe-carboxymethylation kuhilela ukushintshwa kwama-athomu e-hydrogen emaqenjini e-hydroxyl e-cellulose ngamaqembu e-carboxymethyl. Lokhu kusabela kubalulekile ekwethulweni kwezindleko ze-anionic kumgogodla we-cellulose.

C. nciphisa:

Ngemuva kwe-carboxymethylation, umkhiqizo awuthathi hlangothi ukuze uguqule iqembu le-carboxymethyl libe yi-ion ye-carboxylate. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekwenzeni i-polyanionic cellulose inyibilike emanzini.

3. Ukuhlanzwa:

I-cellulose eguquliwe ibe isihlanzwa ukuze kukhishwe imikhiqizo engabaselwe, amakhemikhali angaphenduliwe, nanoma yikuphi ukungcola okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo ohlelweni oluthile.

A. ukuwasha:

Imikhiqizo ihlanzwa kahle ukuze isuse ama-reactants amaningi, usawoti kanye nokunye ukungcola. Amanzi avame ukusetshenziselwa le njongo.

b. Ukomisa:

I-purified polyanionic cellulose bese yomiswa ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina uyimpushana noma ifomu eliyimbudumbudu.

4. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi:

Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-polyanionic cellulose ewumphumela ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezidingekayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola isisindo samangqamuzana, izinga lokushintshwa kanye neminye imingcele efanele.

5. Isicelo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokumba uketshezi emkhakheni kawoyela negesi. Isebenza njenge-tackifier, i-ejenti yokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye ne-shale inhibitor, ethuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele koketshezi lokumba. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zifaka izimboni zokudla nemithi lapho ukuncibilika kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo ze-rheological zinikeza izinzuzo.

I-Polyanionic cellulose iwukuphuma ku-cellulose ehlukahlukene futhi ewusizo ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga uchungechunge oluchazwe kahle lwezinyathelo. Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose ezintweni zezitshalo, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ngokusebenzisa i-etherification, ukuhlanzwa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza. I-polyanionic cellulose ewumphumela iyisithako esiyinhloko ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kokwakheka okuhlukile. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isidingo sokuphuma kwe-cellulose okukhethekile njenge-polyanionic cellulose kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule, siqhubekisele phambili ucwaningo nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.