I-HEC Yokumba Kawoyela

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina, ukumiswa, ukuhlakazeka nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni kawoyela, i-HEC isetshenziselwe ukubhola, ukuqeda, ukusebenza kanye nezinqubo zokuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi njenge-thickener in brine, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezithile.

I-HECizakhiwo zokusebenzisa amasimu kawoyela

(1) Ukubekezelela usawoti:

I-HEC inokubekezelela usawoti okuhle kakhulu kwama-electrolyte. Njengoba i-HEC iyinto engeyona i-ionic, ngeke ibe ionized emanzini futhi ngeke ikhiqize izinsalela zemvula ngenxa yokuba khona kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kosawoti ohlelweni, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-viscosity yayo.

I-HEC ishubisa izisombululo eziningi ze-electrolyte ezigxilile eziphezulu kanye ne-bivalent, kuyilapho izixhumanisi ze-anionic fibre ezifana ne-CMC zikhiqiza usawoti kwamanye ama-ion ensimbi. Ezitshalweni ze-oilfield, i-HEC ayithinteki ngokuphelele ubulukhuni bamanzi nokugxila kukasawoti futhi ingajiyisa uketshezi olusindayo oluqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-zinc ne-calcium ions. I-aluminium sulfate kuphela engakwazi ukuyishisa. Ukuqina komphumela we-HEC emanzini ahlanzekile kanye ne-NaCl egcwele, i-CaCl2 ne-ZnBr2CaBr2 i-electrolyte enzima.

Lokhu kubekezelelwa kukasawoti kunikeza i-HEC ithuba lokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kukho kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kwenkundla yemithombo nangaphandle kolwandle.

(2) Viscosity kanye nezinga lokugunda:

I-HEC encibilika emanzini incibilika emanzini ashisayo nabandayo, ikhiqize i-viscosity futhi yenze amapulasitiki mbumbulu. Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sisebenza phezulu futhi sivame ukwenza amagwebu. Isixazululo se-HEC ye-viscosity ephakathi nendawo nephezulu esetshenziswa emkhakheni kawoyela ojwayelekile ayiyona i-Newtonian, ekhombisa izinga eliphezulu le-pseudoplastic, futhi i-viscosity ithintwa isilinganiso se-shear. Ngezinga eliphansi le-shear, ama-molecule e-HEC ahlelwa ngokungahleliwe, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwamaketanga nge-viscosity ephezulu, okuthuthukisa i-viscosity: ngezinga eliphezulu le-shear, ama-molecule aqondiswa ngokuqondiswa kokugeleza, ukunciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza, futhi i-viscosity iyancipha ngokunyuka kwesilinganiso se-shear.

Ngokuhlolwa kwenani elikhulu, i-Union Carbide (UCC) iphethe ngokuthi ukuziphatha kwe-rheological koketshezi lokumba akukhona umugqa futhi kungavezwa ngomthetho wamandla:

Ingcindezi yokugunda = K (izinga lokugunda)n

Lapho, n i-viscosity esebenzayo yesisombululo ngenani eliphansi lokugunda (1s-1).

I-N ilingana ngokuphambene ne-shear dilution. .

Ebunjiniyela bodaka, i-k kanye ne-n iwusizo lapho kubalwa i-viscosity yoketshezi esebenzayo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-downhole. Le nkampani isungule isethi yamanani ka-k no-n lapho i-HEC(4400cps) isetshenziswa njengengxenye yodaka lokumba (ithebula 2). Leli thebula lisebenza kukho konke ukugxila kwezixazululo ze-HEC emanzini amasha nasawoti (0.92kg/1 nacL). Kusuka kuleli thebula, amanani ahambisana namazinga aphakathi (100-200rpm) kanye naphansi (15-30rpm) angatholakala.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC emkhakheni kawoyela

(1) Uketshezi lokumba

Uketshezi lokumba olunezezelwe lwe-HEC luvame ukusetshenziswa ekubholeni amatshe aqinile nasezimeni ezikhethekile njengokulawula ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okujikelezayo, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaningi, ukucindezela okungavamile, nokwakheka kwe-shale okungalingani. Imiphumela yohlelo lokusebenza nayo mihle ekubholeni nasekubhobolweni kwemigodi emikhulu.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukumiswa kanye nezindawo zokuthambisa, i-HEC ingasetshenziswa ekubholeni udaka ukuze ipholise insimbi nokusika izinsimbi, futhi ilethe izinambuzane ezisikwayo phezulu, ithuthukise umthamo wokuthwala amadwala odaka. Isetshenziswe endaweni kawoyela ye-Shengli njengemigodi esakazwayo futhi ithwala uketshezi olunomphumela omangalisayo futhi isisetshenziswa. Emgodini ophansi, lapho uhlangabezana nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-shear, ngenxa yokuziphatha okuyingqayizivele kwe-rheological ye-HEC, i-viscosity ye-drilling fluid ingaba endaweni eduze kwe-viscosity yamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokumba lithuthukisiwe, futhi i-bit akulula ukushisa, futhi impilo yesevisi ye-bit iqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbobo ezibhoboziwe zihlanzekile futhi zinokungena okuphezulu. Ikakhulukazi esakhiweni samadwala aqinile, lo mphumela usobala kakhulu, ungagcina izinto eziningi. .

Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi amandla adingekayo ukuze kugeleze uketshezi lokumba ngenani elinikeziwe ancike kakhulu ku-viscosity yoketshezi lokumba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC yokumba uketshezi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukungqubuzana kwe-hydrodynamic, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo sokucindezela kwepompo. Ngakho-ke, ukuzwela ekulahlekelweni kokujikeleza kuyancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-torque yokuqala ingancishiswa lapho umjikelezo uqala kabusha ngemuva kokuvala.

Isixazululo se-HEC se-potassium chloride sasetshenziswa njengoketshezi lokumba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-wellbore. Ukwakheka okungalingani kugcinwe esimweni esizinzile ukuze kudambise izidingo zekesi. Uketshezi lokumba luthuthukisa futhi amandla okuthwala amadwala futhi lukhawulele ukusakazeka kwe-cuttings.

I-HEC ingathuthukisa ukunamathela ngisho nakusisombululo se-electrolyte. Amanzi anosawoti aqukethe i-sodium ion, i-calcium ion, i-chloride ion nama-bromine ion avame ukuhlangana nawo oketshezini olubucayi lokumba. Lolu ketshezi lokubhoboza lujiywe nge-HEC, olungagcina ukunyibilika kwejeli nekhono elihle lokuphakamisa i-viscosity ngaphakathi kohlu lokugxiliswa kukasawoti kanye nesisindo sezingalo zomuntu. Ingavimbela ukulimala endaweni yokukhiqiza futhi ikhulise izinga lokumba kanye nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela.

Ukusebenzisa i-HEC nakho kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokulahlekelwa uketshezi lodaka olujwayelekile. Thuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kodaka. I-HEC ingafakwa njengesengezo ku-saline bentonite slurry engahlakazeki ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi nokwandisa i-viscosity ngaphandle kokwandisa amandla e-gel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa i-HEC ekumba udaka kungasusa ukuhlakazeka kobumba futhi kuvimbele ukubhidlika kahle. Ukusebenza kahle kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi odongeni lwe-borehole, futhi umphumela wokumboza weketango elide le-HEC edwaleni lodonga lwe-borehole uqinisa ukwakheka kwamadwala futhi kwenze kube nzima ukufakwa amanzi kanye nokuchitheka, okuholela ekuweni. Ekwakhekeni okuphezulu kokungena kwamanzi, izithasiselo zokulahlekelwa kwamanzi njenge-calcium carbonate, izinhlaka ze-hydrocarbon ezikhethiwe noma izinhlamvu zikasawoti ezincibilika emanzini zingase zisebenze, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukugxila okuphezulu kwesisombululo sokulungisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi (okungukuthi, emgqonyeni ngamunye wesisombululo) ingasetshenziswa

HEC 1.3-3.2kg) ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi ekujuleni kwendawo yokukhiqiza.

I-HEC ingasetshenziswa futhi njengejeli elivikelayo elingavundisi ekubhobozeni udaka ukuze ulashwe kahle kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu (200 ukucindezela komkhathi) nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa.

Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-HEC ukuthi izinqubo zokumba nokuqeda zingasebenzisa udaka olufanayo, zinciphise ukuncika kwamanye ama-disperants, ama-diluents kanye nezilawuli ze-PH, ukuphatha uketshezi nokugcinwa kulula kakhulu.

(2.) Uketshezi oluqhekekayo:

Ku-fracturing fluid, i-HEC ingakwazi ukuphakamisa i-viscosity, futhi i-HEC ngokwayo ayinawo umthelela kungqimba lwamafutha, ngeke ivimbele i-glue ephukile, ingaphuka kahle. Iphinde ibe nezici ezifanayo noketshezi oluqhekekayo olusekelwe emanzini, olufana nekhono eliqinile lokumisa isihlabathi kanye nokumelana nokungqubuzana okuncane. Ingxube ye-0.1-2% yamanzi-alcohol, eqiniswe yi-HEC namanye ama-salts ane-iodized afana ne-potassium, i-sodium kanye nomthofu, ifakwe emthonjeni wamafutha ngokucindezela okukhulu kwe-fracturing, futhi ukugeleza kwabuyiselwa kungakapheli amahora angu-48. Uketshezi oluqhekekayo olusekelwe emanzini olwenziwe nge-HEC cishe alunansalela ngemva koketshezi oluncibilikayo, ikakhulukazi ekwakhekeni okunolaka oluncane olungakwazi ukuchithwa yinsalela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, inkimbinkimbi yakhiwa nge-manganese chloride, i-chloride yethusi, i-nitrate yethusi, i-copper sulfate kanye nezixazululo ze-dichromate, futhi isetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukuthwala uketshezi oluphukile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC kungagwema ukulahlekelwa kwe-viscosity ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-downhole, i-fracturing zone yamafutha, futhi isazuza imiphumela emihle ku-Wells ephakeme kune-371 C. Ezimweni ze-downhole, i-HEC akulula ukubola nokuwohloka, futhi okusele kuphansi, ngakho ngokuyisisekelo ngeke ivimbe indlela kawoyela, okuphumela ekungcoleni komhlaba. Mayelana nokusebenza, kungcono kakhulu kuneglue evame ukusetshenziswa ekuqhekekeni, njenge-field elite. I-Phillips Petroleum iphinde yaqhathanisa ukwakheka kwe-cellulose ethers njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose ne-methyl cellulose, futhi yanquma ukuthi i-HEC iyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokuthi kusetshenziswe uketshezi oluqhekekayo olunoketshezi oluyi-0.6% lwesisekelo se-HEC kanye ne-copper sulfate crosslinking agent esetshenziswe endaweni kawoyela yase-Daqing e-China, kuphethwa ngokuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokunye okunamathelayo okungokwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC oketshezini oluqhekekayo kunezinzuzo “(1) uketshezi oluyisisekelo akulula ukubola ngemva kokulungiswa, futhi lungabekwa isikhathi eside; (2) okusele kuncane. Futhi lokhu kwakamuva kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi i-HEC isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuqhekekeni komthombo kawoyela phesheya.

(3.) Ukuqedwa nokusebenza:

Uketshezi oluphelele lwe-HEC oluqinile oluqinile luvimbela izinhlayiya zodaka ekuvimbeleni indawo yokugcina amanzi njengoba isondela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Izakhiwo zokulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi zivimbela amanzi amaningi ukuthi angangeni echibini esuka odakeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okukhiqiza echibi.

I-HEC inciphisa ukudonsa kodaka, okwehlisa ukucindezela kwepompo futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuncibilika kwayo kusawoti okuhle kakhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mvula lapho i-acidizing oil Wells.

Ekuqedeni nasekungeneleleni imisebenzi, i-viscosity ye-HEC isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amatshe. Ukwengeza i-HEC engu-0.5-1kg emgqonyeni ngamunye woketshezi olusebenzayo kungathwala amatshe kanye netshe elivela emgodini, okuholela ekusakazeni okungcono kwamatshe abanzi kanye ne-longitudinal. Ukususwa okulandelayo kwe-polymer kwenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhipha umsebenzi nokuqeda uketshezi. Ezikhathini ezingavamile, izimo zemigodi zidinga isinyathelo sokulungisa ukuvimbela udaka ukuthi lungabuyeli ekhanda lomthombo ngesikhathi sokumba nokusebenza kanye nokulahlekelwa uketshezi olujikelezayo. Kulesi simo, isisombululo se-HEC esiphezulu singasetshenziselwa ukujova ngokushesha i-1.3-3.2kg ye-HEC emgqonyeni ngamunye we-downhole yamanzi. Ukwengeza, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, cishe u-23kg we-HEC ungafakwa emgqonyeni ngamunye wedizili bese uphonswa phansi ku-shaft, uwufake kancane kancane njengoba uxubana namanzi e-rock emgodini.

Ukungena kwezinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezigcwele isixazululo esingu-500 millidarcy ekuhlanganiseni okungu-0. 68 kg HEC umphongolo ngamunye kungabuyiselwa kube ngaphezu kuka-90% ngokufakwa kwe-asidi nge-hydrochloric acid. Ukwengeza, uketshezi lokuphothula i-HEC oluqukethe i-calcium carbonate, olwenziwa kusuka ku-136ppm wamanzi olwandle aqinile abantu abadala angahlungiwe, lubuyise u-98% wesilinganiso sokugeleza sasekuqaleni ngemva kokuba ikhekhe lokuhlunga lisusiwe ebusweni besici sokuhlunga nge-asidi.