Ukuthuthuka kwemakethe ye-cellulose ether

Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxymethyl cellulose kanye ne-methyl cellulose kanye nokuphuma kwayo kwethulwa, futhi kwabikezelwa isidingo semakethe esizayo. Izici zokuncintisana nezinkinga embonini ye-cellulose ether zahlaziywa. Ezinye iziphakamiso mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-cellulose ether ezweni lethu zanikezwa.

Amagama angukhiye:i-cellulose ether; Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo semakethe; Ucwaningo lwemakethe

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether

1.1 Ukuhlelwa

I-Cellulose ether iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer lapho ama-athomu e-hydrogen kuyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose e-anhydrous athathelwa indawo ngamaqembu e-alkyl noma afakwe esikhundleni se-alkyl. Ochungechungeni lwe-cellulose polymerization. Iyunithi ngayinye ye-anhydrous glucose inamaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl angabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni uma eshintshwa ngokuphelele. Inani le-DS ngu-3, ​​futhi izinga lokushintshaniswa kwemikhiqizo etholakalayo kwezohwebo lisukela ku-0.4 kuye ku-2.8. Futhi lapho ithathelwa indawo i-alkenyl oxide, ingakha iqembu elisha le-hydroxyl elingase lithathelwe indawo yiqembu le-hydroxyl alkyl, ngakho lakha iketango. Isisindo se-anhydrous glucose olefin oxide ngayinye ichazwa njengenombolo yokushintsha i-molar (MS) yenhlanganisela. Izici ezibalulekile ze-ether ye-cellulose yezohwebo ikakhulukazi zincike esilinganisweni se-molar, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukusabalalisa okuhlukile, i-DS ne-MS ye-cellulose. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuncibilika, i-viscosity kusixazululo, umsebenzi ongaphezulu, izakhiwo ze-thermoplastic layer kanye nokuzinza ngokumelene ne-biodegradation, ukunciphisa ukushisa kanye ne-oxidation. I-viscosity esixazululweni iyahlukahluka kuye ngokwesisindo samangqamuzana.

I-cellulose ether inezigaba ezimbili: eyodwa uhlobo lwe-ionic, njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kanye ne-polyanionic cellulose (PAC); Olunye uhlobo i-non-ionic, njenge-methyl cellulose (MC), i-ethyl cellulose (EC),i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) nokunye.

1.2 Ukusetshenziswa

1.2.1 I-CMC

I-CMC iyi-anionic polyelectrolyte encibilika emanzini ashisayo nabandayo. Umkhiqizo osetshenziswa kakhulu unobubanzi be-DS obungu-0.65 ~ 0.85 kanye nebanga le-viscosity lika-10 ~ 4 500 mPa. s. Imakethwa ngamabanga amathathu: ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, okuphakathi kanye nezimboni. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu ingaphezu kwama-99.5% ahlanzekile, kuyilapho ubumsulwa obuphakathi bungaphezu kwama-96%. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-CMC kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cellulose gum, ingasetshenziswa ekudleni njenge-stabilizer, i-ejenti yokuqina kanye ne-ejenti yokuthambisa futhi isetshenziswe emithini yezokwelapha kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu njenge-ejenti yokuqina, i-emulsifier kanye ne-ejenti yokulawula i-viscosity, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela kusetshenziswa futhi ekuhlanzekeni okuphezulu. I-CMC. Imikhiqizo ephakathi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-textile sizeing and papermaking agents, okunye ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganisa izinto zokunamathisela, izitsha zobumba, opende be-latex kanye nezingubo ezimanzi. I-CMC yezinga lezimboni iqukethe ngaphezu kuka-25% i-sodium chloride ne-sodium oxyacetic acid, ngaphambilini eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okokuhlanza kanye nemboni enezidingo eziphansi zokuhlanzeka. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nohlu olubanzi lokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezinkambu zezicelo ezintsha, ithemba lemakethe libanzi kakhulu, linamandla amakhulu.

1.2.2 I-nonionic cellulose ether

Isho isigaba sama-cellulose ether kanye nokuphuma kwawo okungaqukethe amaqembu angahlukaniseki kumayunithi awo esakhiwo. Zinokusebenza okungcono kunemikhiqizo ye-ionic ether ekujikeni, emulsification, ekwenzeni ifilimu, ukuvikelwa kwe-colloid, ukugcinwa komswakama, ukunamathela, ukulwa nokuzwela nokunye. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhashazweni kwendawo kawoyela, i-latex coating, i-polymerization reaction, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, ukudla, imithi, ukwenza amaphepha, ukuphrinta izindwangu nokudaya neminye imikhakha yezimboni.

I-Methyl cellulose kanye nokuphuma kwayo okuyinhloko. I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ayi-nonionic. Zombili ziyancibilika emanzini abandayo kodwa hhayi emanzini ashisayo. Lapho isixazululo sazo esinamanzi sishisiswe sibe ngu-40 ~ 70 ℃, kuvela isimo sejeli. Izinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngalo i-gelation lincike ohlotsheni lwejeli, ukugxila kwesisombululo, kanye nezinga lapho ezinye izengezo zengezwa khona. I-gel phenomenon iyahlehliswa.

(1) I-HPMC kanye ne-MC. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MCS kanye ne-HPMCS kuyehluka kuye ngebanga: amamaki amahle asetshenziswa ekudleni nasemithini; Ibanga elijwayelekile elitholakala kupende nesikhiphi sikapende, usimende webhondi. Izinamathiselo kanye nokukhishwa kwamafutha. Ku-non-ionic cellulose ether, i-MC ne-HPMC yisidingo esikhulu semakethe.

Umkhakha wezokwakha ungumthengi omkhulu kunawo wonke we-HPMC/MC, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakha izidleke, ukumboza phezulu, ukunamathisela amathayili kanye nokwengeza udaka lukasimende. Ikakhulukazi, odakeni lukasimende oluxutshwe nenani elincane le-HPMC lungadlala ukunamathela, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuhlangana kancane kanye nomthelela wokopha komoya. Ngokusobala thuthukisa udaka lukasimende, udaka, izakhiwo zokunamathela, ukumelana nokuqandisa nokumelana nokushisa kanye namandla okubamba kanye nokugunda. Ngaleyo ndlela ngcono ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwakha nokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwemishini. Njengamanje, i-HPMC ukuphela kwemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether esetshenziswa ekwakheni izinto zokuvala.

I-HPMC ingasetshenziswa njengezihlanganisi zemithi, njenge-ejenti yokuqina, i-dispersant, i-emulsifier kanye ne-ejenti yokwakha ifilimu. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-coating yefilimu kanye ne-adhesive ezibhebheni, ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ukunyibilika kwezidakamizwa. Futhi kungaba ngcono ukumelana amanzi amaphilisi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yokumiswa, ukulungiswa kwamehlo, uhlaka lwamathambo lwe-ejenti ekhipha kancane futhi elawulwayo kanye nethebhulethi elintantayo.

Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-HPMC ingumsizi wokulungiswa kwe-PVC ngendlela yokumiswa. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-colloid, ukuthuthukisa amandla okumiswa, ukuthuthukisa ukuma kokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-PVC; Ekukhiqizeni i-coatings, i-MC isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, dispersant kanye ne-stabilizer, njenge-ejenti eyenza ifilimu, i-thickener, i-emulsifier kanye ne-stabilizer embotsheni ye-latex kanye ne-resin encibilikayo emanzini, ukuze ifilimu yokumboza ibe nokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqokwa, ukunamathela okufanayo kanye ukunamathela, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukungezwani kwendawo nokuqina kwe-pH, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto zombala wensimbi.

(2)EC, HEC kanye neCMHEM. I-EC iwuketshezi olumhlophe, olungenaphunga, olungenambala, olungenabuthi oluvamise ukuncibilika kuzincibilikisi zemvelo. Imikhiqizo etholakala ngokuthengiswa iza ngezigaba ezimbili ze-DS, 2.2 kuya ku-2.3 kanye no-2.4 kuya ku-2.6. Okuqukethwe kweqembu le-ethoxy kuthinta izakhiwo ze-thermodynamic nokuzinza kokushisa kwe-EC. I-EC incibilika enanini elikhulu lezincibilikisi eziphilayo phezu kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi futhi inephoyinti eliphansi lokuthungela. I-EC ingenziwa ibe yi-resin, i-adhesive, inki, i-varnish, ifilimu nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. I-Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) inenombolo yokufaka esikhundleni se-hydroxymethyl esondele ku-0.3, futhi izakhiwo zayo zifana ne-EC. Kodwa iphinde incibilike kuzincibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon ezishibhile (uphalafini ongenaphunga) futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-surface coatings noyinki.

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) itholakala emanzini - noma emikhiqizweni encibilikayo kawoyela enobubanzi be-viscosity ebanzi kakhulu. I-non-ionic yamanzi e-soluble e-soluble emanzini ashisayo nabandayo, inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa upende we-latex, ukukhishwa kwamafutha kanye ne-polymerization emulsion, kodwa ingasetshenziswa njengama-adhesives, adhesives, cosmetics kanye nezithako zemithi.

I-Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) iphuma ku-hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ngokuphathelene ne-CMC, akulula ukufakwa usawoti wensimbi esindayo, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhishweni kukawoyela nezihlanzi eziwuketshezi.

2. Imakethe ye-cellulose ether yomhlaba

Njengamanje, umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza we-cellulose ether emhlabeni usudlule u-900,000 t/a. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-cellulose ether yeqe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.1 ngo-2006. Amasheya emakethe ye-MC, CMC kanye ne-HEC kanye nokuphuma kwawo kwakungama-32%, 32% kanye no-16% ngokulandelana. Inani lemakethe le-MC liyafana nele-CMC.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, imakethe ye-cellulose ether emazweni athuthukile isivuthwe kakhulu, futhi imakethe yamazwe asathuthuka isesigabeni sokukhula, ngakho-ke kuzoba amandla amakhulu okukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether emhlabeni jikelele ngokuzayo. . Umthamo we-CMC okhona e-United States ungama-24,500 t/a, futhi isamba somthamo wenye i-cellulose ether ngu-74,200 t/a, nesamba somthamo ongu-98,700 t/a. Ngo-2006, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether e-United States kwakungaba ngu-90,600 t, ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC kwakuyi-18,100 t, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamanye ama-cellulose ether kwakuyi-72,500 t. Ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwakungamathani angu-48,100, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amathani angu-37,500, futhi ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo kufinyelele amathani ayi-101,200. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwakungamathani ayi-197,000 ngo-2006 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kugcinwe izinga lokukhula lonyaka lika-1% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. I-Europe ingumthengi omkhulu we-cellulose ether emhlabeni, ibalwa ku-39% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke, ilandelwa yi-Asia neNyakatho Melika. I-CMC iyinhlobonhlobo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa, ibalwa ku-56% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa, ilandelwa i-methyl cellulose ether kanye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, ibalwa ku-27% no-12% wesamba, ngokulandelana. Isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwe-cellulose ether kulindeleke ukuthi sihlale ku-4.2% kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2011. E-Asia, i-Japan kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale endaweni engalungile, kuyilapho i-China kulindeleke ukuthi igcine izinga lokukhula lika-9%. INyakatho Melika kanye neYurophu, okuyizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, zizokhula ngo-2.6% no-2.1%, ngokulandelana.

3. Isimo samanje kanye nokuthambekela kwentuthuko yemboni ye-CMC

Imakethe ye-CMC ihlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu: ayisisekelo, aphakathi nendawo nacwengisisiwe. Imakethe yemikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-CMC ilawulwa izinkampani eziningi zaseShayina, ilandelwa yi-CP Kelco, i-Amtex ne-Akzo Nobel ngamaphesenti angu-15, amaphesenti angu-14 namaphesenti angu-9 amasheya emakethe ngokulandelanayo. I-CP Kelco kanye ne-Hercules/Aqualon benza ama-28% kanye no-17% emakethe ye-CMC yezinga elicolisisiwe, ngokulandelanayo. Ngo-2006, u-69% wokufakwa kwe-CMC wawusebenza emhlabeni jikelele.

3.1 I-United States

Umthamo wamanje wokukhiqiza we-CMC e-United States ngu-24,500 t/a. Ngo-2006, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-CMC e-United States wawungu-18,100 t. Abakhiqizi abakhulu i-Hercules/Aqualon Company kanye ne-Penn Carbose Company, enamandla okukhiqiza angu-20,000 t/a kanye no-4,500 t/a, ngokulandelana. Ngo-2006, ukuthengwa kwe-US kwakungamathani angu-26,800, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amathani angu-4,200, futhi ukusetshenziswa okusobala kwakungamathani angu-40,700. Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso saminyaka yonke samaphesenti angu-1.8 eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kanti ukusetshenziswa kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumathani angu-45,000 ngo-2011.

I-CMC yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu(99.5%) isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni, emikhiqizweni yezemithi neyokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, kanye nezingxube zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokuphakathi (okungaphezulu kwama-96%) asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yephepha. Imikhiqizo eyisisekelo (65% ~ 85%) isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuhlanza, kanti amasheya asele emakethe yindawo kawoyela, yendwangu nokunye.

3.2 INtshonalanga Yurophu

Ngo-2006, i-CMC yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu yayinomthamo we-188,000 t/a, ukukhiqizwa kuka-154,000 t, izinga lokusebenza lika-82%, umthamo wokuthekelisa ongu-58,000 t kanye nomthamo wokungenisa ongu-4,000 t. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho ukuncintisana kushubile, izinkampani eziningi zivala amafekthri anamandla aphelelwe yisikhathi, ikakhulukazi lawo akhiqiza izimpahla eziyinhloko, futhi akhulisa izinga lokusebenza kwamanye amayunithi azo. Ngemuva kokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, imikhiqizo esemqoka icwengisiswa i-CMC kanye nemikhiqizo eyisisekelo ye-CMC ene-value ephezulu. I-Western Europe iyimakethe ye-cellulose ether enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ingumthengisi omkhulu kunayo yonke we-CMC kanye ne-non-ionic cellulose ether. Eminyakeni yamuva, imakethe yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu ingene ethafeni, futhi ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kunqunyelwe.

Ngo-2006, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMC eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwakungamathani ayi-102,000, nenani elisetshenziswayo elingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-275. Kulindeleke ukuthi kugcinwe isilinganiso sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke esingu-1% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

3.3 Japan

Ngo-2005, iShikoku Chemical Company yamisa ukukhiqiza embonini yaseTokushima futhi manje inkampani ingenisa imikhiqizo ye-CMC evela ezweni. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, inani eliphelele le-CMC e-Japan ngokuyisisekelo liye lahlala lingashintshile, futhi amazinga okusebenza amamaki ahlukene emikhiqizo nemigqa yokukhiqiza ahlukile. Amandla emikhiqizo yezinga elicolisisiwe anyukile, okubalelwa ku-90% yenani lomthamo we-CMC.

Njengoba kubonakala ekuhlinzekweni nasekudingweni kwe-CMC e-Japan eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingxenye yemikhiqizo yezinga elicolisisiwe iyanda unyaka nonyaka, ibalelwa ku-89% wesamba somkhiqizo ngo-2006, okubangelwa kakhulu isidingo semakethe esiphezulu. imikhiqizo yobumsulwa. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bonke bahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokucaciswa okuhlukahlukene, ivolumu yokuthekelisa ye-CMC yaseJapan ikhula kancane kancane, cishe kulinganiselwa ukuthi izobalelwa cishe ingxenye yesamba somkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi othunyelwa e-United States, ezweni laseShayina, eTaiwan, eThailand nase-Indonesia. . Ngesidingo esinamandla esivela emkhakheni wokubuyisela uwoyela emhlabeni wonke, lo mkhuba wokuthekelisa uzoqhubeka nokukhula kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo.

4,isimo semboni ye-cellulose ether engeyona i-ionic kanye nokuthambekela kokuthuthuka

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-MC ne-HEC kugxile kakhulu, kanti abakhiqizi abathathu bathatha u-90% wesabelo semakethe. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-HEC kugxile kakhulu, kanti i-Hercules ne-Dow ibala ngaphezu kuka-65% wemakethe, futhi iningi labakhiqizi be-cellulose ether bagxile ochungechungeni olulodwa noma ezimbili. I-Hercules/Aqualon ikhiqiza imigqa emithathu yemikhiqizo kanye ne-HPC ne-EC. Ngo-2006, izinga lokusebenza emhlabeni wonke lokufakwa kwe-MC ne-HEC lalingu-73% kanye nama-89%, ngokulandelana.

4.1 I-United States

I-Dow Wolff Celluosies kanye ne-Hercules/Aqualon, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-non-ionic cellulose ether e-US, banamandla okukhiqiza ahlanganisiwe angu-78,200 t/a. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether e-United States ngo-2006 kwakungaba ngu-72,500 t.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether e-United States ngo-2006 kwakungaba ngu-60,500 t. Phakathi kwazo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC kanye nokuphuma kwayo kwakungamathani angu-30,500, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC kwakungamathani angu-24,900.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

E-United States, i-Dow kuphela ekhiqiza i-MC/HPMC enamandla okukhiqiza angu-28,600 t/a. Kunamayunithi amabili, i-15,000 t/a kanye ne-13,600 t/a ngokulandelanayo. Ngokukhiqizwa okungaba ngu-20,000 t ngo-2006, i-Dow Chemical ibambe isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke semakethe yezokwakha, njengoba ihlanganise i-Dow Wolff Cellulosics ngo-2007. Ikhulise ibhizinisi layo emakethe yezokwakha.

Njengamanje, imakethe ye-MC/HPMC e-United States isigcwele ngokugcwele. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukukhula kwemakethe kuhamba kancane. Ngo-2003, ukusetshenziswa kungu-25,100 t, futhi ngo-2006, ukusetshenziswa kungu-30,500 t, lapho imikhiqizo engu-60% isetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha, cishe i-16,500 t.

Izimboni ezifana nezokwakha nokudla nemithi yizona ezihamba phambili zokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe ye-MC/HPMC e-US, kanti isidingo esivela embonini ye-polymer sizohlala singashintshile.

4.1.2 HEC kanye ne-CMHEC

Ngo-2006, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEC kanye nokuphuma kwayo kwe-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) e-United States kwakuyi-24,900 t. Ukusetshenziswa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngesilinganiso sonyaka esiyi-1.8% ngo-2011.

4.2 INtshonalanga Yurophu

INtshonalanga Yurophu iklelisa kuqala emandleni okukhiqiza i-cellulose ether emhlabeni, futhi iyisifunda esinokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-MC/HPMC. Ngo-2006, ukuthengiswa kwe-MCS yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye nokuphuma kwayo (ama-HEMCs kanye ne-HPMCS) kanye nama-HEC nama-EHEC kwakungamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-419 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-166, ngokulandelana. Ngo-2004, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-non-ionic cellulose ether eNtshonalanga Yurophu wawungu-160,000 t/a. Ngo-2007, okuphumayo kwafinyelela ku-184,000 t/a, futhi okuphumayo kwafinyelela ku-159,000 t. Umthamo wokungenisa ubungu-20,000 t kanti umthamo wokuthekelisa ube ngu-85,000 t. Umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza we-MC/HPMC ufinyelela cishe ku-100,000 t/a.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose okungeyona i-ionic eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwaba amathani angu-95,000 ngo-2006. Isamba sokuthengisa sifinyelela ku-600 million dollar yase-US, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC kanye nokuphuma kwayo, i-HEC, i-EHEC ne-HPC yi-67,000 t, i-26,000 t kanye ne-2,000 t, ngokulandelana. Inani elihambisanayo elisetshenziswayo lingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-419, amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-166 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-15, kanti izinga lokukhula elijwayelekile lonyaka lizogcinwa cishe ku-2% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ngo-2011, ukusetshenziswa kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuzofinyelela ku-105,000 t.

Imakethe esetshenziswayo ye-MC/HPMC eNtshonalanga Yurophu isingene ethafeni, ngakho ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether eNtshonalanga Yurophu kulinganiselwe eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC kanye nokuphuma kwayo eNtshonalanga Yurophu kwakungu-62,000 t ngo-2003 kanye no-67,000 t ngo-2006, okubalelwa cishe ku-34% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether. Umkhakha osetshenziswa kakhulu yimboni yezokwakha.

4.3 Japan

I-Shin-yue Chemical ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele we-methyl cellulose kanye nokuphuma kwayo. Ngo-2003 yathola i-Clariant yaseJalimane; Ngo-2005 yandisa isitshalo sayo iNaoetsu isuka ku-20,000 L/a yaya ku-23,000 t/a. Ngo-2006, u-Shin-Yue wakhulisa umthamo we-cellulose ether we-SE Tulose ukusuka ku-26,000 t/aa ukuya ku-40,000 t/a, futhi manje inani laminyaka yonke lebhizinisi le-Shin-Yue le-cellulose ether emhlabeni jikelele lilinganiselwa ku-63,000 t/a. NgoMashi 2007, i-Shin-etsu yamisa ukukhiqizwa kokuphuma kwe-cellulose embonini yayo i-Naoetsu ngenxa yokuqhuma. Ukukhiqiza kuqale kabusha ngoMeyi 2007. I-Shin-etsu ihlela ukuthenga i-MC yezinto zokwakha kwa-Dow nabanye abahlinzeki uma konke okuphuma ku-cellulose kutholakala embonini.

Ngo-2006, inani lokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether yase-Japan ngaphandle kwe-CMC lalilinganiselwa ku-19,900 t. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-MC, i-HPMC kanye ne-HEMC kubalele u-85% wawo wonke umkhiqizo. Isivuno se-MC ne-HEC sibe ngu-1.69 t no-2 100 t, ngokulandelana. Ngo-2006, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-nonionic cellulose ether e-Japan kwakuyi-11,400 t. Ukukhishwa kwe-MC ne-HEC ngu-8500t no-2000t ngokulandelanayo.

5,imakethe yasekhaya ye-cellulose ether

5.1 Amandla okukhiqiza

I-China ingumkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni we-CMC, inabakhiqizi abangaphezu kwama-30 kanye nokukhula komkhiqizo okumaphakathi konyaka okungaphezu kwama-20%. Ngo-2007, amandla okukhiqiza aseShayina e-CMC ayecishe abe ngu-180,000 t/a futhi okuphumayo kube ngu-65,000 ~ 70,000 t. I-CMC yenza cishe ama-85% engqikithi, futhi imikhiqizo yayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunambeni, ekucubunguleni ukudla nasekukhishweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC siyanda. Ikakhulukazi, imboni yezemithi idinga i-HPMC ne-MC yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwe-nonionic cellulose ether kwaqala ngo-1965. Iyunithi eyinhloko yocwaningo nentuthuko yi-Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-HPMC e-Luzhou Chemical Plant kanye ne-Hui 'an Chemical Plant baye bathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngokocwaningo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo se-HPMC ezweni lethu besikhula ngo-15% ngonyaka, futhi iningi lemishini yokukhiqiza ye-HPMC ezweni lakithi yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990. I-Luzhou Chemical Plant i-Tianpu Fine Chemical yaqala ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa i-HPMC futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, futhi kancane kancane yashintsha futhi yanwetshwa isuka kumadivayisi amancane. Ekuqaleni kuka-1999, kwakhiwe amadivayisi e-HPMC kanye ne-MC anenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza elingu-1400 t/a, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yafinyelela ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2002, izwe lethu amandla okukhiqiza i-MC/HPMC alinganiselwa ku-4500 t/a, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza wesitshalo esisodwa ngu-1400 t/a, owakhiwa waphinde waqala ukusebenza ngo-2001 e-Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD. I-Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. ineLuzhou North eLuzhou naseSuzhou Temple eZhangjiagang izisekelo ezimbili zokukhiqiza, amandla okukhiqiza e-methyl cellulose ether afinyelele ku-18 000 t/a. Ngo-2005, ukukhiqizwa kwe-MC/HPMC kulinganiselwa ku-8 000 t, kanti ibhizinisi eliyinhloko lokukhiqiza yi-Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD. Ngo-2006, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MC/HPMC ezweni lethu wawubalelwa ku-61,000 t/a, kanti amandla okukhiqiza e-HEC ayengaba ngu-12,000 t/a. Iningi laqala ukukhiqiza ngo-2006. Kunabakhiqizi abangaphezu kuka-20 be-MC/HPMC. I-HEMC. Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether ngo-2006 yayingaba ngu-30-40,000 t. Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwe-cellulose ether kuhlakazeka kakhulu, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-cellulose ether akhona afika ku-50 noma ngaphezulu.

5.2 Ukusetshenziswa

Ngo-2005, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC eShayina kwakucishe kube yi-9 000 t, ikakhulukazi embonini yokukhiqiza i-polymer kanye neyokwakha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether ngo-2006 kwakungaba ngu-36,000 t.

5.2.1 Izinto zokwakha

I-MC/HPMC ivamise ukungezwa kusimende, udaka nodaka emazweni angaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokwakha nokusebenza kahle. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezokwakha yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isidingo esikhulayo sezinto zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu sikhuthaze ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC. Njengamanje, i-MC/HPMC yasekhaya yengezwe ikakhulukazi odongeni lwe-glue powder, i-gypsum grade wall scraping putty, i-gypsum caulking putty nezinye izinto. Ngo-2006, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC embonini yezokwakha kwakungu-10 000 t, okubalelwa ku-30% wesamba esisetshenziswa ekhaya. Ngokuthuthuka kwemakethe yezokwakha yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokwakhiwa kwemishini, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zekhwalithi yokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC emkhakheni wokwakha kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukusetshenziswa kulindeleke. ukufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-15 000 t ngo-2010.

5.2.2 I-Polyvinyl chloride

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC ngendlela yokumiswa kuyindawo yesibili enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC. Lapho indlela yokumiswa isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-PVC, uhlelo lokusabalalisa luthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-polymer nomkhiqizo wawo ophelile. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-HPMC kungalawula ngempumelelo ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zesistimu yokusabalalisa futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-resin. Ngokuvamile, inani elingeziwe lingu-0.03% -0.05% wokukhishwa kwe-PVC. Ngo-2005, umkhiqizo kazwelonke we-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wawungu-6.492 million t, lapho indlela yokumiswa yabalelwa ku-88%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwe-HPMC kwakulinganiselwa ku-2 000 t. Ngokusho kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-PVC yasekhaya, kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC kuzofinyelela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 t ngo-2010. Inqubo yokumisa i-polymerization ilula, kulula ukuyilawula, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu. Umkhiqizo unezici zokuguquguquka okuqinile, okuwubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili bokukhiqizwa kwe-PVC esikhathini esizayo, ngakho inani le-HPMC emkhakheni we-polymerization lizoqhubeka nokukhula, inani kulindeleke ukuthi libe cishe ku-3 000 t ngo-2010.

5.2.3 Opende, ukudla kanye nemithi

Izingubo zokugqoka kanye nokudla/ukukhiqizwa kwemithi nakho kuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-MC/HPMC. Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kungu-900 t no-800 t ngokulandelanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhemikhali nsuku zonke, izinto zokunamathisela nokunye kudla inani elithile le-MC/HPMC. Ngokuzayo, isidingo se-MC/HPMC kulezi zindawo zokufaka izicelo sizoqhubeka nokukhula.

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okungenhla. Ngo-2010, isidingo sisonke se-MC/HPMC e-China sizofinyelela ku-30 ​​000 t.

5.3 Ngenisa kanye Nokuthekelisa

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wethu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether, imboni ye-cellulose ether yokungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa iye yakhula ngokushesha, futhi ijubane lokuthumela ngaphandle lidlula kude ijubane lokungenisa.

Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-HPMC kanye ne-MC edingwa imboni yezemithi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe, ngakho-ke ngesidingo semakethe sokukhula kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-cellulose ether, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka sokungeniswa kwe-cellulose ether sifinyelele cishe ku-36% kusukela ngo-2000 kuya. 2007. Ngaphambi kuka-2003, izwe lethu empeleni lalingazange lithumele imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether. Kusukela ngo-2004, ukuthunyelwa kwe-cellulose ether kudlule i-l000 t okokuqala ngqa. Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2007, isilinganiso sokukhula ngonyaka sasingu-10%. Ngo-2007, umthamo wokuthekelisa weqe umthamo wokungenisa, phakathi kwawo imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ikakhulukazi i-ionic cellulose ether.

6. Ukuhlaziywa kokuncintisana kwemboni kanye neziphakamiso zentuthuko

6.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zokuncintisana kwezimboni

6.1.1 Impahla Engavuthiwe

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kwempahla yokuqala enkulu eluhlaza i-pulp yokhuni, ukukhuphuka kwentengo yomjikelezo wentengo yayo, kubonisa umjikelezo wemboni kanye nesidingo se-pulp yezinkuni. Umthombo wesibili omkhulu we-cellulose yi-lint. Umthombo wawo awunamthelela omncane kumjikelezo wemboni. Ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa isivuno sikakotini. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kudla i-pulp yezinkuni encane kuneminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, njenge-acetate fiber kanye ne-viscose fiber. Kubakhiqizi, izintengo zempahla eluhlaza ziyingozi enkulu ekukhuleni.

6.1.2 Izidingo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngobuningi njengezihlanzi, okokugcotshwa, imikhiqizo yezakhiwo kanye nama-ejenti okwelapha asendaweni kawoyela kubala ngaphansi kuka-50% wesamba semakethe ye-cellulose ether. Yonke ingxenye yomkhakha wabathengi ihlukene phakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kubala ingxenye encane yokusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza kulezi zindawo. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinkampani ezithengisayo azinanhloso yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether kodwa ukuthenga emakethe. Usongo lwemakethe ngokuyinhloko luvela kwezinye izinto ezisebenza ngokufana ne-cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Ukukhiqiza

Umgoqo wokungena we-CMC yebanga lezimboni uphansi kunalowo we-HEC ne-MC, kodwa i-CMC ecolisisiwe inomgoqo wokungena ophezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinkimbinkimbi. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe zokungena ekukhiqizweni kwama-HECs kanye ne-MCS ziphezulu, okuholela ekubeni babe abambalwa abahlinzeki bale mikhiqizo. Izindlela zokukhiqiza zama-HEC kanye ne-MCS ziyimfihlo kakhulu. Izidingo zokulawula inqubo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza amamaki amaningi nahlukene emikhiqizo ye-HEC ne-MC.

6.1.4 Izimbangi ezintsha

Ukukhiqiza kukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi engeyona eyejwayelekile futhi izindleko zemvelo ziphezulu. isitshalo esisha esingu-10,000 t/a singabiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-90 kuya ku-$130 wezigidi. E-United States, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseJapane. Ibhizinisi le-cellulose ether ngokuvamile aliyonga kakhulu kunokutshalwa kabusha. Ezimakethe ezikhona. Izimboni ezintsha azikwazi ukuncintisana. Kodwa-ke ezweni lethu ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphansi futhi imakethe yethu yasekhaya inethuba elihle lentuthuko. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwemishini kuyanda. Ngakho-ke yenza umgoqo ophakeme wezomnotho kwabasanda kungena. Ngisho nabakhiqizi abakhona badinga ukwandisa umkhiqizo uma izimo zivuma.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D kwama-HEC kanye ne-MCS kufanele kugcinwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe okuphuma kokunye okusha nezicelo ezintsha. Ngenxa ye-ethylene ne-propylene oxides. Imboni yayo yokukhiqiza inengozi enkulu. Futhi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-CMC yezimboni buyatholakala. Futhi umkhawulo wokutshala imali olula uphansi. Ukukhiqizwa kwebanga elicolisisiwe kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi.

6.1.5 Iphethini yamanje yokuncintisana ezweni lakithi

Isenzakalo sokuncintisana okungahlelekile sikhona nasembonini ye-cellulose ether. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaphrojekthi amakhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether iyi-investimenti encane. Isikhathi sokwakha sifushane. Isetshenziswa kabanzi. Isimo semakethe samanje siyakhuthaza, ngoba ukwanda okungahlelekile kwesimo semboni kubi kakhulu. Inzuzo yemboni iyehla. Nakuba izinga lokusebenza le-CMC lamanje lamukelekile. Kodwa njengoba umthamo omusha uqhubeka nokukhishwa. Ukuncintisana kwemakethe kuzoshuba kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yakamuva. Ngenxa yomthamo wasekhaya wasekhaya. I-CMC output 13 igcine ukukhula okusheshayo. Kodwa kulo nyaka, ukuncishiswa kwezinga lesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, ukwazisa kwe-RMB kwenze inzuzo yokuthekelisa umkhiqizo wehla. Ngakho-ke, qinisa ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthekelisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kuyinto ehamba phambili embonini. Izwe lethu imboni ye-cellulose ether iqhathaniswa neyaphesheya. Nokho, akulona ibhizinisi elincane. Kodwa ukuntuleka kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukuguqulwa kwemakethe kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuholeni amabhizinisi. Ngokwezinga elithile, kuvimbe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemboni ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe.

6.2 Iziphakamiso

(1) Khulisa ucwaningo oluzimele kanye nemizamo yokusungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlobo ezintsha. I-ionic cellulose ether imelelwa yi-CMC(sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Inomlando omude wokuthuthuka. Ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe. Imikhiqizo ye-nonionic cellulose ether iye yavela eminyakeni yamuva. Ibonisa ukukhula okuqinile. Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether inqunywa ngokuyinhloko ubumsulwa. Kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-United States Food and Drug Administration kanye nezinye izidingo ezicacile zokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo ye-CMC kufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-99.5%. Njengamanje, ukukhishwa kwezwe lethu i-CMC kubalele u-1/3 womkhiqizo womhlaba. Kodwa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iphansi, i-1: 1 iningi lemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi, inani eliphansi elingeziwe. I-CMC ithumela ngaphandle okuningi kakhulu kunokungenisa ngaphandle ngonyaka. Kodwa inani eliphelele liyafana. Ama-nonionic cellulose ether nawo anokukhiqiza okuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-nonionic cellulose ether. Manje. Amabhizinisi akwamanye amazwe eza ezweni lethu ukuzohlanganisa amabhizinisi akhe izimboni. Izwe lethu kufanele lisebenzise ithuba lentuthuko ukukhuthaza izinga lokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Eminyakeni yakamuva. Isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC siyanda. Ikakhulukazi, imboni yemithi idinga i-HPMC yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi i-MC isadinga inani elithile lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza kufanele kuhlelwe.

(2) Thuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe lezinto zokusebenza. Izinga lemishini yokusebenza yenqubo yokuhlanza yasekhaya liphansi. Vimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Ukungcola okuyinhloko emkhiqizweni yi-sodium chloride. Ngaphambili. I-Tripod centrifuge isetshenziswa kabanzi ezweni lethu. Inqubo yokuhlanza iwukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, ukushuba okukhulu kwabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nayo inzima ukuyithuthukisa. Inhlangano kazwelonke yemboni ye-cellulose ether yaqala ukubhekana nale nkinga ngo-2003. Imiphumela ekhuthazayo manje isizuziwe. Ukuhlanzeka kweminye imikhiqizo yebhizinisi sekufinyelele ngaphezu kwama-99.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho. Kunegebe phakathi kwezinga le-automation yawo wonke ulayini wokukhiqiza kanye nowamazwe angaphandle. Kuphakanyiswa ukucabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yangaphandle kanye nemishini yasekhaya. Isixhumanisi esibalulekile esisekela okokusebenza kokungenisa. Ukwenza ngcono ukuzenzekelayo komugqa wokukhiqiza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo ye-ionic, i-non-ionic cellulose ether idinga izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe. Kuyaphuthuma ukwephula izithiyo zobuchwepheshe zenqubo yokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa.

(3) Naka izindaba zemvelo nezinsiza. Lo nyaka unyaka wethu wokonga ugesi kanye nokunciphisa intuthu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kuphathe kahle inkinga yezinsiza zemvelo. Indle ekhishwa embonini ye-cellulose ether ikakhulukazi amanzi ancibilikisiwe ancibilikisiwe, anosawoti omningi kanye ne-COD ephezulu. Kukhethwa izindlela ze-biochemical.

Ezweni lethu. Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether uboya bekotini. Uvolo kakotini wawuyimfucuza yezolimo ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980, ukuwusebenzisa ukukhiqiza i-cellulose ether kuwukuguqula udoti ube yimboni yomcebo. Nokho. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-viscose fiber nezinye izimboni. Ivelvethi emfishane kakotini kade yaba igugu lomcebo. Isidingo sisethwe ukuze sidlule ukunikezwa. Izinkampani kufanele zikhuthazwe ukuthi zingenise i-wood pulp emazweni angaphandle afana neRussia, Brazil kanye neCanada. Ukuze kuncishiswe inkinga yokushoda okwandayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, uboya bekotini bushintshwa ngokwengxenye.