Ukuthuthukiswa kwenoveli ye-HEMC cellulose ethers ukunciphisa i-agglomeration kuma-plaster afafazwe ngomshini we-gypsum

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenoveli ye-HEMC cellulose ethers ukunciphisa i-agglomeration kuma-plaster afafazwe ngomshini we-gypsum

I-Gypsum-based machine-sprayed plaster (GSP) isetshenziswe kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ukuvela kokufuthwa ngomshini kuye kwathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhonkoloza ukwakhiwa ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokwakha. Ngokujula kokuthengiswa kwe-GSP, i-cellulose ether encibilika emanzini isiyisithako esiyinhloko. I-cellulose ether inika i-GSP ukusebenza okuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, okukhawulela ukumuncwa kwe-substrate komswakamo kusimende, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe isikhathi sokusetha esizinzile kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijika elithile le-rheological ye-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa umphumela wokufafaza ngomshini futhi yenze lula ngokuphawulekayo izinqubo ezilandelanayo zokukala nokuqeda udaka.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezisobala zama-cellulose ethers ezinhlelweni ze-GSP, angakwazi futhi ukuba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa ezomile uma zifuthwa. Lezi zigaxa ezingamanziswanga zaziwa nangokuthi i-clumping noma i-caking, futhi zingaba nomthelela omubi ukulinganisa nokuqedwa kodaka. I-Agglomeration inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesayithi futhi kwenyuse izindleko zezicelo zomkhiqizo we-gypsum osebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela we-cellulose ethers ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa ku-GSP, senze ucwaningo ukuze sizame ukuhlonza amapharamitha omkhiqizo afanelekile anomthelela ekwakhekeni kwawo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalolu cwaningo, senze uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether enomkhuba oncishisiwe wokuhlanganisana futhi sayihlola ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo.

Amagama angukhiye: i-cellulose ether; ukhonkolo we-gypsum spray; izinga lokuqedwa; i-particle morphology

1. Isingeniso

Ama-cellulose ether ancibilikayo emanzini asetshenziswe ngempumelelo kumapulasi afafazwe nge-gypsum-based machine-sprayed (GSP) ukuze kulawuleke isidingo samanzi, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono izakhiwo ze-rheological zodaka. Ngakho-ke, kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe amandla adingekayo odaka. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezisebenzisekayo kwezohwebo nezivumelana nemvelo, ingxube eyomile i-GSP isiphenduke impahla yokwakha yangaphakathi esetshenziswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu eminyakeni engu-20 edlule.

Imishini yokuxuba nokufutha i-dry-blend GSP yenziwe ngempumelelo amashumi eminyaka. Nakuba ezinye izici zobuchwepheshe zemishini evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene zihluka, yonke imishini yokufafaza etholakalayo ethengiswayo ivumela isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuyaluza ukuze amanzi axubane ne-cellulose ether-containing gypsum dry-mix mortar. Ngokuvamile, yonke inqubo yokuxuba ithatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Ngemuva kokuxuba, udaka olumanzi luphonswa ngepayipi lokulethwa bese lufafazwa odongeni lwe-substrate. Yonke inqubo iqedwa phakathi nomzuzu. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esifushane kangaka, ama-cellulose ethers adinga ukuchithwa ngokuphelele ukuze athuthukise ngokugcwele izakhiwo zawo ekusetshenzisweni. Ukwengeza imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ecolekile ekwenziweni kodaka lwegypsum kuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okuphelele phakathi nale nqubo yokufafaza.

I-ether ye-cellulose egaywe kahle yakha ukuvumelana ngokushesha lapho ithintana namanzi ngesikhathi sokuyaluza kusifafazi. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-viscosity okubangelwa ukuhlakazeka kwe-cellulose ether kubangela izinkinga ngokumanziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinhlayiya ze-gypsum cementitious material. Njengoba amanzi eqala ukushuba, iba uketshezi oluncane futhi ayikwazi ukungena ezimbotsheni ezincane phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-gypsum. Ngemuva kokuthi ukufinyelela kuma-pores kuvinjiwe, inqubo yokumanzisa izinhlayiya ze-cementitious material ngamanzi ibambezelekile. Isikhathi sokuxuba ku-sprayer sasifushane kunesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze umanzise ngokugcwele izinhlayiya ze-gypsum, okwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa zempushana ezomile odakeni olusha olumanzi. Uma lezi zinhlayiya sezakhiwe, zivimbela ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi ezinqubweni ezilandelayo: ukubeka udaka olunama-clumps kunzima kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ngisho nangemva kokuba udaka selumisiwe, ama-clumps akhiwe ekuqaleni angase abonakale. Isibonelo, ukumboza ama-clumps ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sokwakha kuzoholela ekubukeni kwezindawo ezimnyama esigabeni sakamuva, esingafuni ukukubona.

Nakuba ama-cellulose ethers asetshenziswe njengezithasiselo ku-GSP iminyaka eminingi, umphumela wawo ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa ezingamanziswanga awakahlolisiswa kakhulu kuze kube manje. Lesi sihloko sethula indlela ehlelekile engasetshenziswa ukuqonda umsuka we-agglomeration ngokombono we-cellulose ether.

2. Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwamaqoqo angamanzisiwe ku-GSP

2.1 Ukumanziswa kukakhonkolo okhonjiwe

Ezigabeni zokuqala zokusungulwa kohlelo locwaningo, inani lezimbangela ezingaba yizimpande zokwakheka kwezigaxa ku-CSP zaqoqwa. Okulandelayo, ngokuhlaziywa kosizo lwekhompiyutha, inkinga igxile ekutheni sikhona yini isisombululo esisebenzayo sobuchwepheshe. Ngale misebenzi, ikhambi elilungile lokwakhiwa kwama-agglomerates ku-GSP lahlolwa kuqala. Kusuka kokubili kokucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhweba, umzila wezobuchwepheshe wokushintsha ukumanzisa kwezinhlayiya ze-gypsum ngokwelashwa okungaphezulu akuvunyelwe. Ngokombono wezohwebo, umqondo wokushintsha imishini ekhona ngemishini yokufafaza ngekamelo lokuxuba eliklanyelwe ngokukhethekile elingaqinisekisa ukuxuba okwanele kwamanzi nodaka kukhishwa.

Enye inketho ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti wokumanzisa njengezithasiselo ekwenziweni kodaka lwe-gypsum futhi sithole ilungelo lobunikazi lalokhu kakade. Kodwa-ke, ukwengezwa kwalesi sithasiselo kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwe-plaster. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ishintsha izakhiwo zomzimba zodaka, ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni namandla. Ngakho asizange sijule kakhulu kukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwama-ejenti wokumanzisa nakho kubhekwa njengokungaba nomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile.

Uma ucabangela ukuthi i-cellulose ether isivele iyingxenye yokwakhiwa kwe-plaster esekelwe ku-gypsum, ukwenza ngcono i-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuba yisixazululo esingcono kakhulu esingakhethwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele kuthinte izindawo zokugcina amanzi noma kuthinte kabi izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-plaster esetshenziswayo. Ngokusekelwe emcabangweni owawuhlongozwe ngaphambili wokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimpushana ezingamanziswanga ku-GSP kungenxa yokwanda ngokushesha okukhulu kwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ethers ngemva kokuthintana namanzi ngesikhathi sokunyakazisa, ukulawula izici zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ethers kwaba umgomo oyinhloko wocwaningo lwethu. .

2.2 Isikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether

Indlela elula yokwehlisa izinga lokuqedwa kwama-cellulose ethers ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinga eliyimbudumbudu. Ububi obuyinhloko bokusebenzisa le ndlela ku-GSP ukuthi izinhlayiya ezimahhadlahhadla azincibiliki ngokuphelele phakathi kwewindi elifushane lemizuzwana eyi-10 lokuyaluza emshinini wokufutha, okuholela ekulahlekeni kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, ukuvuvukala kwe-cellulose ether engancibilikisiwe esigabeni sakamuva kuzoholela ekushubeni ngemva kokuplastelwa futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kokwakha, okuyilokho esingafuni ukukubona.

Enye inketho yokunciphisa izinga lokuqedwa kwama-cellulose ethers ukuphambanisa ngokuhlehla ubuso be-cellulose ethers ne-glyoxal. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kulawulwa yi-pH, izinga lokuqedwa kwama-cellulose ethers lincike kakhulu ku-pH yesisombululo samanzi esizungezile. Inani le-pH lesistimu ye-GSP exutshwe ne-lime e-slaked liphezulu kakhulu, futhi izibopho ezixhumanisayo ze-glyoxal ebusweni zivuleka ngokushesha ngemva kokuxhumana namanzi, futhi i-viscosity iqala ukukhuphuka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okunjalo akukwazi ukudlala indima ekulawuleni izinga lokuqedwa ku-GSP.

Isikhathi sokuhlakazeka se-cellulose ethers naso sincike ku-particle morphology yawo. Nokho, leli qiniso alikaze lithole ukunakwa okuningi kuze kube manje, nakuba umphumela ubaluleke kakhulu. Anesilinganiso sokuchithwa komugqa esingaguquki [kg/(m2•s)], ngakho-ke ukuhlakazeka kwawo kanye nokwakheka kwe-viscosity kuhambisana nendawo etholakalayo. Leli zinga lingahluka kakhulu ngezinguquko ku-morphology yezinhlayiya ze-cellulose. Ekubaleni kwethu kucatshangwa ukuthi i-viscosity egcwele (100%) ifinyelelwa ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-5 yokuxuba okugqugquzelayo.

Izibalo ze-particle morphologies ezahlukene zabonisa ukuthi izinhlayiya eziyindilinga zine-viscosity engu-35% ye-viscosity yokugcina engxenyeni yesikhathi sokuxuba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether ezimise okwenduku zingafinyelela ku-10%. Izinhlayiya ezimise okwe-disc zisanda kuqala ukuncibilika ngemuva2.5 imizuzwana.

Kufakwe futhi izici ezifanelekile zokuncibilika kwama-cellulose ethers ku-GSP. Libazisa ukwakheka kokuqala kwe-viscosity ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-4.5. Ngemva kwalokho, i-viscosity yanda ngokushesha ukuze ifinyelele i-viscosity yokugcina phakathi nemizuzwana engu-5 yokuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuxuba. Ku-GSP, isikhathi esinjalo sokulibaziseka eside sivumela uhlelo ukuba lube ne-viscosity ephansi, futhi amanzi angeziwe angakwazi ukumanzisa ngokugcwele izinhlayiya ze-gypsum futhi afake ama-pores phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

3. I-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether

3.1 Isilinganiso se-particle morphology

Njengoba ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether kunomthelela omkhulu kangaka ekuncibilikeni, okokuqala kudingekile ukunquma imingcele echaza ukuma kwezinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether, bese ukhomba umehluko phakathi kokungamanzisi Ukwakheka kwama-agglomerate kuyipharamitha efanelekile ngokukhethekile. .

Sithole i-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether ngenqubo yokuhlaziya isithombe esiguqukayo. I-particle morphology ye-cellulose ether ingabonakala ngokugcwele kusetshenziswa i-SYMPATEC digital image analyzer (eyenziwe eJalimane) kanye namathuluzi athile okuhlaziya isofthiwe. Imingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yomumo wezinhlayiyana itholwe iyisilinganiso sobude bemicu evezwa njenge-LEFI(50,3) kanye nobubanzi obumaphakathi obuvezwa njenge-DIFI(50,3). Idatha yobude be-fiber emaphakathi ibhekwa njengobude obugcwele bezinhlayiyana ezithile ze-cellulose ether ezisabalele.

Ngokuvamile idatha yokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana njengesilinganiso sobubanzi be-fiber DIFI ingase ibalwe ngokusekelwe enanini lezinhlayiya (ezikhonjwa ngo-0), ubude (okushiwo ngo-1), indawo (ekhonjwe ngo-2) noma ivolumu (ekhonjwe ngo-3). Zonke izilinganiso zedatha yezinhlayiyana kuleli phepha zisekelwe kuvolumu ngakho-ke kukhonjiswa ngesijobelelo esingu-3. Isibonelo, ku-DIFI(50,3), u-3 usho ukusatshalaliswa kwevolumu, futhi u-50 usho ukuthi u-50% wejika lokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana mncane kunevelu ekhonjisiwe, kanti enye i-50% inkulu kunevelu ekhonjisiwe. Idatha yomumo wezinhlayiyana ze-cellulose ether inikezwa ngama-micrometers (µm).

3.2 I-cellulose ether ngemva kokwenziwa kahle kwe-particle morphology

Uma kucatshangelwa umphumela wendawo yezinhlayiyana, isikhathi sokuchithwa kwezinhlayiyana zezinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether ezinomumo wezinhlayiyana ezifana nenduku sincike kakhulu kububanzi be-fiber emaphakathi DIFI (50,3). Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kucatshangelwa, umsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa kuma-cellulose ethers wawuhloswe ekutholeni imikhiqizo enesilinganiso esikhulu se-fiber diameter DIFI (50,3) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunyibilika kwempushana.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sobude be-fiber DIFI(50,3) akulindelekile ukuthi kuhambisane nokwanda kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezimaphakathi. Ukwenyusa womabili amapharamitha ndawonye kuzophumela ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu kakhulu ukuthi zingancibilika ngokuphelele phakathi nesikhathi esivamile sokuyaluza samasekhondi ayi-10 sokufafaza ngomshini.

Ngakho-ke, i-hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) ekahle kufanele ibe ne-fiber diameter enkulu ye-DIFI(50,3) kuyilapho igcina ubude be-fiber obujwayelekile LEFI(50,3). Sisebenzisa inqubo entsha yokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether ukuze sikhiqize i-HEMC ethuthukisiwe. Ukuma kwezinhlayiyana ze-ether ye-cellulose encibilikayo emanzini etholwe ngokusebenzisa le nqubo yokukhiqiza kuhluke ngokuphelele ekubunjweni kwezinhlayiyana ze-cellulose ezisetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza yokukhiqiza. Ngamanye amazwi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ivumela idizayini yomumo wezinhlayiyana ze-cellulose ether ukuthi izimele ekukhiqizeni kwayo izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Izithombe ezintathu zesibonakhulu se-electron eskena: esisodwa se-cellulose ether ekhiqizwa inqubo evamile, kanye nesinye se-cellulose ether ekhiqizwa inqubo entsha enobubanzi obukhulu be-DIFI(50,3) kunemikhiqizo yamathuluzi enqubo evamile. Okunye okukhonjiswayo yi-morphology ye-cellulose egaywe kahle esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni le mikhiqizo emibili.

Ukuqhathanisa ama-electron micrographs we-cellulose kanye ne-cellulose ether ekhiqizwa inqubo evamile, kulula ukuthola ukuthi lezi ezimbili zinezici ezifanayo ze-morphological. Inombolo enkulu yezinhlayiya kuzo zombili izithombe ibonisa izakhiwo ezinde, ezincane, okuphakamisa ukuthi izici eziyisisekelo ze-morphological azikashintshi ngisho nangemva kokuba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi izici ze-particle morphology zemikhiqizo yokusabela zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Kwatholakala ukuthi izici ze-morphological ze-cellulose ether ezikhiqizwa inqubo entsha zihluke kakhulu, inobubanzi obuyisilinganiso obukhudlwana be-DIFI (50,3), futhi inikeza ikakhulukazi izimo eziyindilinga ezimfishane neziwugqinsi, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezivamile ezincane nezinde. ku-cellulose izinto zokusetshenziswa Icishe yashabalala.

Lesi sibalo sibonisa futhi ukuthi i-particle morphology ye-cellulose ethers ekhiqizwa inqubo entsha ayisahlobene ne-morphology ye-cellulose impahla eluhlaza - isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-morphology yempahla eluhlaza kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina awusekho.

4. Umthelela we-HEMC particle morphology ekwakhekeni kwezigaxa ezingamanziswanga ku-GSP

I-GSP yahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umbono wethu mayelana nendlela yokusebenza (ukuthi ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo we-cellulose ether onobubanzi obukhulu be-DIFI (50,3) kunganciphisa i-agglomeration engadingeki) yayilungile. Ama-HEMC anamadiameter amaphakathi DIFI(50,3) asuka ku-37 µm kuya ku-52 µm asetshenziswe kulokhu kuhlolwa. Ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lezinto ezingaphandle kwe-particle morphology, isisekelo se-gypsum plaster kanye nazo zonke ezinye izithasiselo zagcinwa zingashintshiwe. I-viscosity ye-cellulose ether yagcinwa ingashintshi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (60,000mPa.s, isixazululo se-aqueous esingu-2%, esilinganiswa nge-rheometer ye-HAAKE).

Isifutho se-gypsum esitholakala ngokuthengisa (PFT G4) sasetshenziselwa ukufafaza ezivivinyweni zokufaka isicelo. Gxila ekuhloleni ukwakheka kwezigaxa ezingafakwanga ze-gypsum mortar ngokushesha ngemva kokuba zifakwe odongeni. Ukuhlolwa kokunqwabelana kulesi sigaba kuyo yonke inqubo yokufaka ukhonkolo kuzoveza kangcono umehluko ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo. Esivivinyweni, izisebenzi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho zilinganisele isimo esibi kakhulu, kwathi u-1 waba ohamba phambili no-6 waba mubi kakhulu.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ngokusobala ukuhlobana phakathi kobubanzi befayibha eyisilinganiso DIFI (50,3) kanye nesikolo sokusebenza esinqwabelene. Ngokuvumelana ne-hypothesis yethu yokuthi imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ene-DIFI(50,3) emikhudlwana yemikhiqizo emincane ye-DIFI(50,3), isilinganiso sesilinganiso se-DIFI(50,3) sika-52 µm sasingu-2 (esihle) , kuyilapho lezo ezine-DIFI( 50,3) ka-37µm kanye no-40µm uthole u-5 (ukwehluleka).

Njengoba besilindele, ukuziphatha kokunqwabelana ezinhlelweni ze-GSP kuncike kakhulu kububanzi obumaphakathi be-DIFI(50,3) be-ether ye-cellulose esetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kushiwo engxoxweni yangaphambilini ukuthi phakathi kwayo yonke imingcele ye-morphological DIFI (50,3) ithinte kakhulu isikhathi sokuqedwa kwe-cellulose ether powders. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether, esihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-particle morphology, ekugcineni sithinta ukwakheka kwama-clumps ku-GSP. I-DIFI enkulu (50,3) ibangela isikhathi eside sokuchithwa kwe-powder, okunciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokuhlanganisa. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuchithwa kwempushana sizokwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-cellulose ether incibilike ngokuphelele phakathi nesikhathi esinyakazayo semishini yokufafaza.

Umkhiqizo omusha we-HEMC onephrofayili yokuhlakazeka eyenziwe kahle ngenxa ye-fiber diameter enkulu ye-DIFI(50,3) ayigcini nje ngokuba nokumanzisa kangcono impushana ye-gypsum (njengoba kubonwe ekuhlolweni kwe-clumping), kodwa futhi akuthinti Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi umkhiqizo. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okukalwe ngokuya nge-EN 459-2 bekungabonakali kusukela kumikhiqizo ye-HEMC ye-viscosity efanayo ne-DIFI(50,3) ukusuka ku-37µm ukuya ku-52µm. Zonke izilinganiso ngemva kwemizuzu emi-5 nemizuzu engama-60 ziwela phakathi kwebanga elidingekayo eliboniswe kugrafu.

Nokho, kuphinde kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi uma i-DIFI(50,3) iba yinkulu kakhulu, izinhlayiya ze-cellulose ether ngeke zisancibilika ngokuphelele. Lokhu kutholwe ngenkathi kuhlolwa i-DIFI(50,3) ka-59 µM umkhiqizo. Imiphumela yayo yokuhlolwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi ngemva kwemizuzu emi-5 futhi ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemizuzu engama-60 ihlulekile ukuhlangabezana nobuncane obudingekayo.

5. Isifinyezo

Ama-cellulose ether ayizithasiselo ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-GSP. Umsebenzi wocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo lapha ubheka ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-particle morphology ye-cellulose ethers kanye nokwakheka kwezigaxa ezingafakwanga (okubizwa ngokuthi i-clumping) lapho zifuthwa ngomshini. Kusekelwe ekucabangeni kwendlela yokusebenza ukuthi isikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether powder sithinta ukumanziswa kwe-gypsum powder ngamanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta ukwakheka kwama-clumps.

Isikhathi sokuhlakazwa sincike ku-morphology yezinhlayiyana ze-cellulose ether futhi ingatholwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlaziya isithombe sedijithali. Ku-GSP, ama-cellulose ether anobubanzi obukhulu obuyisilinganiso se-DIFI (50,3) athuthukise izici zokuncibilika kwempushana, okuvumela isikhathi esengeziwe samanzi sokumanzisa kahle izinhlayiya ze-gypsum, ngaleyo ndlela avumele ukunqanda ukuhlangana. Lolu hlobo lwe-cellulose ether lukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo entsha yokukhiqiza, futhi uhlobo lwalo lwezinhlayiyana aluncikile kuhlobo lokuqala lwento eluhlaza ukuze kukhiqizwe.

I-avareji ye-fiber diameter DIFI (50,3) inomphumela obaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni, okuqinisekiswe ngokwengeza lo mkhiqizo endaweni ethengiswayo yegypsum efafazwe ngomshini ukuze kufuthwe endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zesifutho sasensimini zaqinisekisa imiphumela yethu yaselabhorethri: imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether esebenza kahle kakhulu ene-DIFI enkulu (50,3) yayincibilika ngokuphelele phakathi nesikhathi sokuyaluza kwe-GSP. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo we-cellulose ether onezinto ezingcono kakhulu zokulwa ne-caking ngemva kokuthuthukisa isimo sezinhlayiyana usagcina ukusebenza kokugcina kwamanzi okuqala.