I-CMC Cellulose kanye Nokwakheka Kwayo Kwesakhiwo

Kusetshenziswa i-straw cellulose njengento eluhlaza, yalungiswa nge-etherification. Ngokusebenzisa isici esisodwa nokuhlolwa kokujikeleza, izimo ezifanele zokulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose zanqunywa ukuthi zibe: isikhathi se-etherification 100min, izinga lokushisa le-etherification 70.℃, Umthamo we-NaOH ongu-3.2g kanye nomthamo we-monochloroacetic acid u-3.0g, ukufaka esikhundleni esiphezulu Idigri ngu-0.53.

Amagama angukhiye: CMCi-cellulose; i-monochloroacetic acid; i-etherification; ukuguqulwa

I-Carboxymethyl celluloseiyi-ether ye-cellulose ekhiqizwa futhi idayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-detergent, ukudla, umuthi wokuxubha, izindwangu, ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukwenza amaphepha, uphethiloli, izimayini, imithi, izitsha zobumba, izakhi ze-elekthronikhi, irabha, Opende, izibulala-zinambuzane, izimonyo, isikhumba, amapulasitiki kanye nokumba uwoyela, njll., okwaziwayo. njenge "industrial monosodium glutamate". I-Carboxymethyl cellulose iphuma e-ether ye-cellulose encibilika emanzini etholwe ngokuguqula amakhemikhali i-cellulose yemvelo. I-Cellulose, impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose, ingenye yezinsiza zemvelo ezivuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke, ngokukhiqizwa konyaka kwamakhulu ezigidigidi zamathani. izwe lami liyizwe elikhulu lezolimo futhi ngelinye lamazwe anemithombo yotshani eningi kakhulu. Utshani ubulokhu bungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izakhamuzi zasemakhaya. Lezi zinsiza azizange zithuthukiswe ngendlela efanele isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphansi kuka-2% wemfucumfucu yezolimo nezamahlathi njengotshani isetshenziswa emhlabeni minyaka yonke. Ilayisi liyisilimo esiyinhloko sezomnotho eSifundazweni sase-Heilongjiang, elinendawo yokutshala engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ze-hm2, isivuno saminyaka yonke samathani ayizigidi eziyi-14 elayisi, namathani ayizigidi eziyi-11 otshani. Abalimi bavame ukuwashisa ngqo ensimini njengokumosha, okungekona nje ukumosha okukhulu kwemithombo yemvelo, kodwa futhi kubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kotshani kuyisidingo sesu lentuthuko eqhubekayo yezolimo.

1. Izinto zokuhlola nezindlela

1.1 Izinto zokuhlola nezinto zokusebenza

I-cellulose yotshani, eyenziwe ngokwayo elabhorethri; JJ～I-mixer kagesi yohlobo olu-1, i-Jitan Guowang Experimental Instrument Factory; SHZW2C uhlobo RS-Iphampu yevacuum, i-Shanghai Pengfu Electromechanical Co., Ltd.; I-pH imitha ye-pHS-3C, i-Mettler-Toledo Co., Ltd.; I-DGG-9070A kagesi yokushisisa izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo ihhavini yokomisa, i-Beijing North Lihui Test Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.; HITACHI-S ~ 3400N isibonakhulu se-electron yokuskena, Izinsimbi ze-Hitachi; i-ethanol; i-sodium hydroxide; i-chloroacetic acid, njll. (ama-reagents angenhla ahlanzekile ngokohlaziyo).

1.2 Indlela yokuhlola

1.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

(1) Indlela yokulungisa i-carboxymethyl cellulose: Kala u-2 g we-cellulose ube yifulaski enentamo ezintathu, engeza u-2.8 g we-NaOH, u-20 mL we-ethanol solution engu-75%, bese ucwilisa i-alkali emanzini okugeza okushisa okungashintshi angu-25.°C imizuzu engu-80. Hlanganisa nge-mixer ukuze uhlanganise kahle. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-cellulose isabela nesisombululo se-alkaline ukwakha i-alkali cellulose. Esigabeni se-etherification, engeza u-10 mL wesisombululo se-ethanol esingu-75% no-3 g we-chloroacetic acid eflaskini enentamo emithathu ephendule ngenhla, nyusa izinga lokushisa libe ku-65-70.° C., bese usabela imizuzu engama-60. Engeza i-alkali okwesibili, bese wengeza u-0.6g NaOH kuflask yokusabela engenhla ukuze ugcine izinga lokushisa liku-70.°C, futhi isikhathi sokuphendula singama-40min ukuthola i-Na engahluziwe-I-CMC (i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose).

Ukungathathi hlangothi nokugeza: engeza i-1moL·L-1 hydrochloric acid, futhi unciphise ukusabela ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube pH=7~8. Bese ugeza kabili nge-ethanol engu-50%, bese ugeza kanye nge-ethanol engu-95%, hlunga ngokumunca, bese womisa ku-80-90.°C amahora ama-2.

(2) Ukunqunywa kwezinga lokushintshwa kwesampula: indlela yokunquma imitha ye-acidity: Kala u-0.2g (onembile kuye ku-0.1mg) wesampula ye-Na-CMC ehlanziwe futhi eyomisiwe, ihlakaze emanzini angama-80mL acwecwe, uwashukumise ngozibuthe imizuzu eyi-10, bese ulungisa. ibe ne-asidi noma i-alkali Isixazululo silethe i-pH yesisombululo ku-8. Bese uthambisa isixazululo sokuhlola ngesisombululo esijwayelekile se-sulfuric acid kubhekha elifakwe i-electrode yemitha ye-pH, bese ubheka inkomba yemitha ye-pH ngenkathi inyakaza kuze kube i-pH iyancipha. 3.74. Qaphela phansi umthamo wesisombululo esijwayelekile se-sulfuric acid esisetshenzisiwe.

1.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola into eyodwa

(1) Umphumela wenani le-alkali ngezinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: yenza i-alkalization ngo-25℃, ukucwiliswa kwe-alkali imizuzu engama-80, ukuhlushwa kwe-ethanol ku-75%, lawula inani le-monochloroacetic acid reagent 3g, izinga lokushisa le-etherification lingu-65 ~ 70°C, isikhathi se-etherification sasiyimizuzu eyi-100, futhi inani le-sodium hydroxide lashintshwa ukuze kuhlolwe.

(2) Umphumela wokugcwala kwesisombululo se-ethanol ngezinga lokushintsha i-carboxymethyl cellulose: inani le-alkali engaguquki lingu-3.2g, ukucwiliswa kwe-alkali kubhavu wamanzi okushisa okungaguquki ku-25°C ye-80min, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol ngu-75%, inani le-monochloroacetic acid reagent lilawulwa ku-3g, i-etherification Izinga lokushisa lingu-65-70°C, isikhathi se-etherification ngu-100min, futhi ukugxila kwesisombululo se-ethanol kuyashintshwa ukuze kuhlolwe.

(3) Umphumela yenani le-monochloroacetic acid ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: lungisa ku-25°C ukuze uthole i-alkalization, cwilisa i-alkali imizuzu engu-80, engeza u-3.2g we-sodium hydroxide ukuze wenze ukugxila kwesisombululo se-ethanol 75%, i-ether Izinga lokushisa ngu-65 ~ 70°C, isikhathi se-etherification ngu-100min, futhi inani le-monochloroacetic acid liyashintshwa ukuze kuhlolwe.

(4) Umphumela wokushisa kwe-etherification ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: lungisa ku-25°C ukuze uthole i-alkalization, cwilisa i-alkali imizuzu engu-80, engeza u-3.2g we-sodium hydroxide ukuze wenze ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol sibe ngu-75%, izinga lokushisa le-etherification Izinga lokushisa lingu-65~70℃, isikhathi se-etherification yi-100min, futhi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokushintsha umthamo we-monochloroacetic acid.

(5) Umphumela wesikhathi se-etherification kwizinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: kulungiswe ku-25°I-C ye-alkalization, yengeza i-3.2g ye-sodium hydroxide, futhi icwiliswe ku-alkali imizuzu engu-80 ukwenza ukugxila kwesixazululo se-ethanol kube ngu-75%, kanye ne-monochlor elawulwa Umthamo we-acetic acid reagent ngu-3g, izinga lokushisa le-etherification lingu-65~70°C, futhi isikhathi se-etherification siyashintshwa ukuze kuhlolwe.

1.2.3 Uhlelo lokuhlola nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele i-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ngokwesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwesici esisodwa, ukuzungeza kwe-quadratic regression orthogonal okuhlangene kokuhlolwa okunezici ezine namaleveli amahlanu kwaklanywa. Izinto ezine isikhathi sokufaka i-etherification, izinga lokushisa le-etherification, inani le-NaOH kanye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid. Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha kusebenzisa isofthiwe yezibalo ye-SAS8.2 yokucubungula idatha, eveza ubudlelwano phakathi kwesici ngasinye esinomthelela kanye nezinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose. umthetho wangaphakathi.

1.2.4 Indlela yokuhlaziya ye-SEM

Isampula yempushana eyomile yalungiswa esiteji sesampula ngeglue eqhutshwayo, futhi ngemva kokufutha igolide ngevacuum, yabonwa futhi yathwetshulwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-electron ye-Hitachi-S-3400N Hitachi.

2. Imiphumela kanye nokuhlaziya

2.1 Umthelela wesici esisodwa kuzinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

2.1.1 Umthelela yenani le-alkali kwizinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ngenkathi i-NaOH3.2g yengezwa ku-2g cellulose, izinga lokushintsha lomkhiqizo laliphakeme kakhulu. Inani le-NaOH lincishisiwe, elinganele ukwenza i-neutralization ye-alkaline cellulose kanye ne-etherification agent, futhi umkhiqizo unezinga elincane lokufaka esikhundleni kanye ne-viscosity ephansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inani le-NaOH likhulu kakhulu, ukusabela ohlangothini ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis ye-chloroacetic acid kuzokhula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti etherifying kuzokhuphuka, futhi i-viscosity yomkhiqizo nayo izokwehla.

2.1.2 Umphumela wokugcwala kwesisombululo se-ethanol ngezinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ingxenye yamanzi esisombululo se-ethanol ikhona endaweni yokusabela ngaphandle kwe-cellulose, kanti enye ingxenye ikhona ku-cellulose. Uma okuqukethwe kwamanzi kukukhulu kakhulu, i-CMC izokhukhumala emanzini yenze ijeli ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-etherification, okuholela ekuphenduleni okungalingani kakhulu; uma okuqukethwe kwamanzi kukuncane kakhulu, ukusabela kuzoba nzima ukuqhubeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendlela yokusabela. Ngokuvamile, i-ethanol engu-80% iyisincibilikisi esifaneleka kakhulu.

2.1.3 Umthelela womthamo we-monochloroacetic acid ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Inani le-monochloroacetic acid ne-sodium hydroxide ngokwethiyori ngu-1:2, kodwa ukuze uhambise ukusabela endaweni ekhiqiza i-CMC, qinisekisa ukuthi kunesisekelo samahhala esifanelekile ohlelweni lokuphendula, ukuze i-carboxymethylation iqhubeke kahle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, indlela ye-alkali eyeqile iyamukelwa, okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-molar ye-asidi nezinto ze-alkali ngu-1: 2.2.

2.1.4 Umthelela wezinga lokushisa le-etherification ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa le-etherification, izinga lokusabela lisheshayo, kodwa ukusabela okusemaceleni nakho kuyashesha. Ngokombono webhalansi yamakhemikhali, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo alikulungele ukwakheka kwe-CMC, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, izinga lokusabela lihamba kancane futhi izinga lokusebenzisa i-ejenti etherifying liphansi. Kuyabonakala ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-etherification lingu-70°C.

2.1.5 Umthelela wesikhathi se-etherification kwizinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ngokukhula kwesikhathi se-etherification, izinga lokushintshwa kwe-CMC liyakhula, futhi isivinini sokusabela siyashesha, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukusabela okuseceleni kuyanda futhi izinga lokushintsha liyancipha. Uma isikhathi se-etherification siyi-100min, izinga lokushintsha liphezulu.

2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Orthogonal nokuhlaziywa kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl

Kungabonakala kuthebula lokuhlaziya ukwehluka ukuthi entweni eyinhloko, izici ezine zesikhathi se-etherification, izinga lokushisa le-etherification, inani le-NaOH kanye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid kunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ezingeni lokushintshaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (p <0.01). Phakathi kwezinto zokusebenzisana, izinto zokusebenzisana zesikhathi se-etherification kanye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid, nezinto zokusebenzisana zezinga lokushisa le-etherification kanye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid kube nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ezingeni lokushintsha i-carboxymethyl cellulose (p<0.01). Ukuhleleka kwethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose kwaba: izinga lokushisa le-etherification>inani le-monochloroacetic acid>isikhathi se-etherification>inani le-NaOH.

Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa komklamo wenhlanganisela ye-quadratic regression orthogonal rotation, kunganqunywa ukuthi izimo ezilungile zenqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation yilezi: isikhathi se-etherification 100min, izinga lokushisa le-etherification 70.℃, Umthamo we-NaOH ongu-3.2g kanye ne-monochloroacetic acid Umthamo ngu-3.0g, futhi izinga eliphezulu lokushintshwa ngu-0.53.

2.3 Ukucaciswa kokusebenza kwe-Microscopic

I-surface morphology ye-cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose kanye nezinhlayiya ezixhumene ne-carboxymethyl cellulose yafundwa ngokuskena i-electron microscopy. I-cellulose ikhula ibe yi-strip shape enendawo ebushelelezi; unqenqema lwe-carboxymethyl cellulose luqinile kunalolo lweselulosi ekhishiwe, futhi isakhiwo somgodi siyakhula futhi umthamo uba mkhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwenqwaba kuba kukhudlwana ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. Isiphetho

3.1 Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl etherified cellulose Ukuhleleka kokubaluleka kwezinto ezine ezithinta izinga lokushintshwa kwe-cellulose yilokhu: izinga lokushisa etherification > umthamo we-monochloroacetic acid > isikhathi se-etherification > umthamo we-NaOH. Izimo ezilungile zenqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation isikhathi se-etherification 100min, izinga lokushisa le-etherification 70℃, Umthamo we-NaOH ongu-3.2g, umthamo we-monochloroacetic acid u-3.0g, kanye nedigri enkulu yokushintsha engu-0.53.

3.2 Izimo ezilungile zobuchwepheshe zokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation yilezi: isikhathi se-etherification 100min, izinga lokushisa le-etherification 70℃, Umthamo we-NaOH 3.2g, umthamo we-monochloroacetic acid u-3.0g, idigri enkulu yokushintsha engu-0.53.